«. rro.T?' AV.J by Sche.;rA<Jv, HiU, 1 Coratohfrv' C.e'mau Flam. O'dTrwt Schivler »»;. ft VOittrenwato Ron*. Thtt MS dif.rta tAi,tiled w thr+riPoft/i. . 5 SeheneGi.lv by B>!ltown Spi.ngt and L. CVnft id re to Surdy HiU • _»™' v Leave SchriKflady every Tuesday by 6a M- atwl- t«jij H"ivr ar Sandy HiU by 4.• «, Leave Wy H.H o« amU Wrdactlay by 6- *m, and ar.ive at bchcueaaUy by Wa. 4 ,M FrrmTripelhitltoJiihnftonoriceaweck. o«f< Leave Tripefbill in one hour after the mad arrivfl L from Albany on Tuc'day, arrive t Johr.fton in two nye f>oui«. I'av at ]ohnfto« two houri, and return to Ra Tri .(Oiilliii two houra. e 55. Fr. m Conajobarry by Cherry Valley to Coo- S i»i 1 iwn.twicea week. " ' 1 -ave Loiw : oharry every Weiinefday and Saturday I , h A .w, „11(1 arrive at Cooperftawn by «» M. «• Le»>e Cuope. flow n every Tuesday and Friday by 10 Ma fy M. and arrive at Conajoharry ty 6 r m. uai From Cooptrftown Bv Butternut*and Oxlord 10 lTr..ir n once in two wecki. . UaveVWot, every ottfer Monday by 10 a m, and 'airive at Oooptrftown on Weditefday by 5p m. Re- we luM.ins. Lwlve CooperlWn every other Thuitday •bv 6 a M ,ii>d arrive at Unit nor. Saturday by 3r m. ai" 5 7 . Kroirt O'J Fort Schuyler by Cincinnati to K< Oxtord A,cadc my once in two weeks. 3 Leave Ore F-rt Schuyler everv other Tliurfdav by ■« 1 6 am, and arrive at Oxford on Friday noon. Re turning. Leav, Oxford eviry other Friday by 1 »a, and airiviatOld Fort ScHuyltr on Saturday by 7 "" jft. From Rome by '0 Pnce w ' " Imßmrw every othorTlui'fdry by I*a m, and U arrive at Rotterdam by 6 tm. Returning. Leave 11 K-mcrdam every othcl Friday by 9A M, aud arrive U tffeoiuf by 6P M. . _ * . c . . * La l*,jrn Ron;? bv One.da, Onondaigua,Scipio abJ to Kaiiandalgua onee a week- Leave Rome every rhu'rfday by to A M, and ar. rive at Kanand«fl(aa the next "Monday by 6 AM. ' r Leave every M-ndav by 10 A M, and arrive ai Rwnethe B»*t-Thiir!day by 8 A M. " 6... from Kanandaigua by Hattford to Niagaia * •i-ce-in Vt?ks. Lca\e K.!nar.dain«a every other Monday by 10 A M, and anive at Niagara the next Wednesday by 7 1 » ■M. /Returning. Leave Niagara eve'y other Fiiday L by 6A M, and arrive at Kanandaigua the next Mon- ai day by 6 'A M.- , 6t. Frpm Rhinebeek by Kingston, Shawangunk, w Grfhen, Hamburg, Newtown, Hack et'l-.wn.andMOrrillowntpNiwaik, to return Irom K Moriilioan by Reckaway aad Spaitato ai Newtown cnce^ajgL^k. leave RhinclrcKtvery Friday by.s A M.arrneat . Gclhen on Saturday at 7 A M, at Newtown by 7 P M at Hacketftown ami Motriftown on Sunday, and a it Newark on Monday by 10 AM. Returning, n Leave Newark every Monday by, aP M, arrive at e Uooneton ar.d Roekaway on Tuefday,at Newtown by c 7 PM, at Gofhen on Wednesday at 5 PM, aud at Rhrntbctk on Thursday by 9 P M. 5 6a £icm New Yoik by Hacken r ack, Paramus, 11 Ne v Antrim and Chester to Gcfhen once a week. Leave Xew.York every Friday at 7 A M, and ar-- 1 rive at Goll.en ob Saturday by 6 P M. Returning. J Leave Gothcn every Tuesday at 6A M, and arirve at j New Yorkori Wednesday by 6 P M. | 63. From FWhk.il! by Newbufgand New Windsor to Golhen in ct a we^k. Leave Fifbkill e«ery Wednesday by 7 AM, and c arrive at Golhen by 5 P M. I eave Gnfhrn every Tuesday at 7A M, and arrive at Filhkill by jP M. j b}. From New Y»rk by Jimaica, Huntington, Smi-mown, Brookhaven, Suffolk, Southampton & l5(il;e m; tun taSagl a.bout once a wiek. Leave N w T;nk every Thursday at 10 A M, ar.d arrive at Sagharbour the next Saturday by 6 P M. Leave every Monday at 8A M, and ar- ; rive a New York on Wednesday by jP M. NiiV-JiRSiY. • 65. Frotn Woodbridge to Amboy three times a v/cck. Leave Woo Abridge every Monday, Wednesday ft .Friday at 8A M, and atnve at Amboy by 9 AM. j I.' e Amboy at noon and arrive at Woodbridge by 1 P M. 06 From Trenton by Allentown, Monmouth cour-.-h.iufe, Shre-, lbury, Middlctown Point, Spotf -wcod, New Brunfwiek, Soniorfet, New Germanton, I'lttllon ai:d Flemir.gton to Trenton once a week. Leave Treotou every TueWay by 10 A M, and re turn to Trenton the next Tuesday by 6 A M. 67. From Philadelphia by faunton and Atiion to Tucktrton once in two weeks. Leave Philadelphia every other Wednesday by 3 P M,-arrive at Tuckefton on Thursday by 6 P ivi. Leave Tinkirto.i everyothcr Tuesday by 6 A M, aad arrive 4t Philadelphia on Wednesday by 9 A M. fci. Fiom Pniiadelphia by Woodbury, Swedefbo rsugh, Wood flown aad Salem >0 Bridgetown once a "Yeave Philadelphia every Wednesday afternoon by 3©'clock, and airive at Bridgetown on Friday by 2 PM. Leave Bridgetownon Satuidayatß AM, and arrive at Philadelphia 011 Wednesday at 9 AM. 69- Fiom Pbtladilphia by Jenkintown, Plumilead and Pipers by Bethlehem to Fallon once a week. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday by to A M, and arrive at Eaftoa on Thursday by aP M. Return ing. Leave Eafton every Monday at 9 A M, and ar rive at Philadelphia on Tuesday by 3 P M. 70. From Plumilead by Pipers and Alexandtia to .Puiflon oncca <veek. Leave Pluniflcad every Thursday by j A M, ariive at Pit.lion by ti AM. Leave Pi'ttton by 1P M, and ariive at Plumftead by 7 P M. 71. From iallon to W illnelbmre onee a week. Leave Eailou every Thuriday by 3 PM, and arrive at y ili-tfVirre on Saturday noon. Rctarning Leave Wllkelbarrre every Tuelday noon, and arrive at Ea •ltoa every Thuriday by noon. 7». From Philadelphia by Norridown, Trap, Pottfgrove, Reading, Lebanon aad Harrilbutg to CrrliOr. Oftober 151* April 15 Leave Philadelphia every Tuelday and Thurluay at fjnlet, arrive at R'ading » c%eiyThurlday and Saturday at 4 P M Leave Read ing every Friday at 8 A M, arrive at Cariifle every Sunday by It M. Riturning Leave Cariifle eve ry Sunday by 2 P M, arrive at Reading on Tuesday, by 4 P M, leave Reading every Wednesday and Monday by 8 A M, and arrive at Philadelphia ou Thursday ami Tuesday by 4 P M. April 14, to Oftober Lc .e Philadelphia eve ry Wedaeldayand Friday at 8 A M, arrive 11 Read ing cn ihur day and Saturday by »i AM. Leave Reading every Thurfdiy noon, and ar'ive at Catlifle thenext Saiuiday by 11 A M. Returning. Leave Cailiflc every Monday noon, arrive at Reading 011 Tuesday by. 7P M. Leave Reading every W. dncf cay and Monday at 8 A M, and anive at Philadel phia on Thursday and Tuesday by 9 A M 73. from Reading bv HamLrurg* Sunbjry and Northumberland to Louifburg oucr a week- Leave Reading exerjr iiriday at 6 A M, and arrive at Louifbuig 011 Monday by 10 A M. Returking. I dave Louifburg every Tuelday noon, and ar<ivc at Rcadiflg'on Thursday by 4 P M. 74. From UairiJburg by Petersburg, Mi!!erfto\*«, Thoiupfoutovwiii Mifilintcwn* Lou.ftown» Hun:inc don, i\!cxar.dria, Centre Furnace, fiille Fount t M>lcl'- burg, Aerorifcnrg, Miflliuburg, Louifburg, Northum berland, Sunbury and llalitax lo Ha.rilburg once in two weeks'. Leave Hairiiburjt every Sa'orday by 6 A M, waft jngat poll 01V.ce wh'.ch lhaii be eflablilbed on thei«ute, two hours, aud return again to Mania'burg thcMxt Monday by 8 A M 75» Fioin So a. cr let by Conoellfville to Union once a wtek. Leave Pitlftjurg every Friday nocn and arrive at Wheeling on Satu«day by feopflk Returning. Leave Wheeling tvery 'lhuifday bv 97l ar.d arriv« at FUtfburg on Saturday jy 10 A \l. 75 LeaxcSomerfeievery Thursday by 5 A. M arrive at Union by P. M. Lttvc Union wen bv S A. M and arriye atSomerfrtbv 7 P. hi. 76. Fiom Piitlbirgbv Cannoi.Hju g, Wafbingtra tiid Weft Liberty to Wheelingohcea week. 77. Frrm Prcfton by Wafhicgfon to Cincinnati once a week. Leave Enftoo every Fr''day it noon, ariiveatWafh . r*gton bvBPM, ai dat Cine.ui ati.the next Monday Boon. Returning. Leavr Cincinnati cvei y Tuesday at 6 AH, aid anise ar \Va(b»ngioa on Wednesday bys PM. Lciv«,Wafliinglon at 9P M, aad arn\e i reftin on Fi.day by 11J K*\IVCAY. tl'aftiii.gion bv Lex'ttglon, rtarikiort and Hurot£burg to DjnviHe fcnce a wetk,. by 8 A M» an«. arrive**. Danville the ntjc' Monday by 5P M. Kr umunj, Teavr panvilTc c%*ry Tuifday by BAM amCarVivfe at Lexington on Wcrit»t>i~d%y noon, a: d at \\kfliin*>t ; n on Thursday T M, yg. .From Danvilh to Leu Cv.lie by Bcatdrtown ont« i« two wreki deli Leave I>«nville ev#ry o'her Tu**May bv noon, ar live at L'i<ui> r ville the Thu»May by 3 P Returning. Leave Lnuilville every **Y 6A M, and anive at Danville on S* urdav by 6PM J^ c 8a Fiom D.nvjlle by Stamford anil CuMbei land- Gap toMotfal'a lloie in Vennefleeooce a week. I.rave D.invillc every Monday at 2P M- and arrive at'Moffat'i ftnreihe nex T1 urfday by 6TM. Leave Mattai'a fto.cr.rty Friday bv 6 .1 M, aud anive ar (f Danville on M'andatr hv »o A NL g-g TENXISSI.E.. Bi. F;om Ksoxville by South Weft Point and Fnft"B ! Qunt and Craig Fvt to Nalhviile once in tw6 weeks'- tic Leave Knoxville every other Tnefday by 8 AM, or j and anive a'Nalhviile'the next Monday by gJ M- _ . Re'u'Mag- Leave Nafhvilleeveiy other Mondavby P 3P M, and anive at Knoxville the next Samdayby td •U P M. atii I'ARYLAND AUD I'IRGIKIA. - - g Ba. From Baltimore by Ellieot'a Lower Mails, Moe'tgomery Ouit Hrule, Charle(fo"{, Leefourg, pu MiddieLu ; g and Warrenton to Culpeper, c h. once a be j Week G r Leave Baltimore every Monday, roon, arrive at P I Leclbuig on Tuesday evening, and at Culpeper Cru.t Jj : I Hc.ule the next ThuHday noon. Returning. Leave ilO : I Culpti.er Ccuit Hcufe every F. iday noon aud arrive an at Baliirocie the next Monday by p A M, 0 £ 1 83. From Allen'afrefh by Ludlow's rerry to Port I Conway in Virginia ooce.in two week», °F . I Lea%e Allen's Frifh every other Monday Iry 6/<M, nr Imd arrive at Pott Coiiway by 6P M. Returning. w; 1 I l eave P.irt C tiway c\ery other Tuelday by 8A M, » I and arrive at Allen's Frefn by" J P M. a 84 Frotn Morgahtown by Pejty Johtfto lo Clarkf- pi 1 bury once in titfo weeks. in . Leave Mergantown every other Monday by p A c j ' M, and arrive at Clarksburg by 5 PM. Returning. f Leave Clarksburg every other Tuesday by 8A M, and - ! arrive at Morgantown by 8 P ; M Cf 85. From Tcdds to King and Queen, c. H. once a ti - Leave Toddl every Thursday by 9A M, arrive at tl n King and Queen by 11 AM Leave King and Queea g 0 I at 1 PM, and airive at Todds by 6 P M. I ir 80. Erom Halifax by Danville t« CaCwell court it licufe once in two weeks. p Leave Halifax'courr-homfe every oiher Tuesday.by d I 2 PM, airive at Calw ell court house the next Wed- C' ~ nefday by 6? M. Returning. L ave Cafwell C. H". e It Icvery other Thurfaa; by 6A M, and arrive at Halifax ;' t y I couri-hnuie on Friday by noon, j It I 87. From Peterfburgh by Su.Tei court hcufe I sr.d Southampton court house to South Qnay, onc« ; n s, I in two weeks. | b I.eDTe Peteriburg evsry other Wednesday by 6 c ] -'I A M and arrive at South on Thursday by 6 !• ll s M- Returning, !-outh Qnay every other . lt I Monday by 6 A M and arrive at Pcterfburg on ? I Tuesday by 3 1* M. ® >r NORTH CAROLINA, Gc e I 88. From Newbern to Beaufort and Swar.fboro' I once in two weeks, the mailt® go alternately. y I Ltave Newbern ev«ry other Thursday by 6 A IM, remain at each of the offices two hours, and I I return to Newbeia the next . I I 8;. Frem Wilmington by Georgetown to Char- r j I lefton, once a week. x j j L«ave.\Vilmiugton every Monday by 6A M ,1 I and arriva at Charleston the next Thursday by 10 1A M. Leave Charieflon every Thursday by 3P 1 I M and arrive at Wilmington the next Sunday by ] a 5 PM. ' : 90. From Norfolk by Kempfville, Gr=:t Bridge , a I and North Weft River Bridge to Jon'eiboro", once il. J in two A^etks. ay I Leav: Norfolk every other V/ednefday at 9 A 1 I M and arrive at Jocifboi o' en Thursday by 7V M. 1 'b IHeturnirg. Leave Jontlboro' every other Monday ] I by 10 A M and jirrive at Norfolk on Tuesday by 6 in ' I I- M. I 91 From North Well River Bridge by New Le- I I anon to Elizabeth city, rr.ee in two weeks. I Leave Ncrth Weft River Eridgc every other to I Friday by 6. A M add arrive at Elizabeth city by , - 16P M. Leava Elizabeth city ev.ry other Satur- V j. I day by 6aV M, and arrive at N. W. river bridge nd I-by 6rM. % j 91. Fxom Salem, N. C. by Bethania, Flower >0- j Gap Grayfoncourt-boufe and Auftinville toWythc = a I court-house once in two wetks. Leave Salem every other gaturday by 6 A M, by I and arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Mon. by 6 r M. 2 I Leave Wythe coust-heufe every other Tuesday by "d 9 m, and arrive at Salem the next Thursday by ,6PM. I 93- from Murfrcifboro' by South Quay to Suffolk I once a week. I From Murfrcefboro' every Wednesday by 6A M, ,n " I arrive at Suffolk by 6P M. Returning. LeaveSuf ar" I folk every Tuesday by 6A M, and arrive at Murfreef I boro* by 6 P M. 110 I 94. From Fayctteville to Pit'.fburg once in two I weeks. * vc I Leave Fayetteville other Wcdnefday by 6 A W| J M, aud airive at PitUburg on Thuifday at I Leave her Thuiftiay by 2 PM, andar- I rive at Favetteville on by 6 P M. I GEORGIA AND SOUTH-CAROLINA. avc I 95* ® ?rom by Robinson at the White Ea " I Ponds aad Gille'.s mills to Coofahatohy, once a I week. ra P' I Leave Augusta every Tuesday by 8A M and ar l° I rive at Cicfahatchy 011 Wednesday by 7P M. Re- I turning. Leave Coofahatchy every Sunday at 6 A I aß< * arr » veat Agufta on Monday by jP M. •ad- I Frcm Gto™eto\vn to Rocky Landing in , <r y j Georgia, once in two weeks. -v e I Leave Georgetown every other Morday at 6 A day,l M, and arrive at Rocky Landing at 5P M. Re awd I turnil g. Rocky Landing every other'Tuef- I iiay i)> 6AM and arrive at Georgetown by 6 PM. :ve- I Note I. The Pnjt Majler General may alter the times •ad- I of arrival and dcf>tn lure at any time duriug the continuanee •ave 1 , f the contracts, be previwjly ftipul*ting an adequate covt lifle I sensation far any extra etcpenfe that may be •ccajwned there ■ -* vc \by „ °' ) I N#te %. Half an hour stall be allowed Jar offering j C |~ I clofxnv the Ttiailat all ajfitct tv here no particular time I fp-<M , I Note 3. For eVity hour's delay (unavoidable ateidents an I excepted Jin aiming after the times preferred in any con- J tTA& x the Contractor JhaU JorJeU one dntat, and if the de riv^ C 1 lay continne until the departure any depending Mail, in *' I whereby the kiails dcjlmed Jcr such deptndiig Mail, Lfe * at I a trip, an additional [orjcitune vf Jive do.lars JhaU It 1 incurred' ,NA ' I Nje 4, Neiufpapers as tve'lac Let, en are to be feni ilef* I ln Mails ; and if any person making propefuls defnts urn- I ° £ arry neufpapers other Ikm tbofe conveyed in the mail, e in I f ir °** rn emolument, be mujl fate in bis propefuls J'or I what fm he -will earrj it with that emolument and for vait- I " w^at J um ivitAont that tmolument. lon I botes S'jcnid anyperfon making proposals desire an burg J alteration of the time of arrival and departure above fpc- I e'f.ed t he m uft fate in his proposals tie alterations djired t Mice Ja t I tie difference they 11; ill make in the terms of lis ton - I tra67. eat I Note 6. Perfovt maiirg prop "fait are drftred to fate reave I their prices by the year. Ihofe ivbo eontratx will reeeive • a* their pay quart:rly. in the months *f January, April, I July and Ofloher. 9 rr ' vc Nje 7. Tbe ctktrc&s are to be in operation on the frft y Y day of Cfloler rext, and continue for foil/ year/, until I the fr(l of Oolvbir iSoi—exempting centrums for the gtrn j rml<, N♦. 8, 91 10, 31, 36, ST, W, 74, 76, 77. 80, 81, 83, 84- 87. 9°. 9'. 9>> 96 iinat i art (. 15; t nicjct l-jio • tars until tJlji »f Oa.jer, x 799- 'aft- JOSEPH HABERSHAM, lld, y J Mtjler CirurM. fday j G nera! Poft-OfF.ce, Philadelphia, > ir»i May 27th, 1777. * 5 I Julc u th&ratj %ijt(Kajette. H , PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY EVENING, JNN*E't. ■ ■ ■ » - " 1 ' , —^~ m — cafe A CHARGE, cefi-o delivered to the .Grand Jury of the United States, for the Dittnft of Virginia, in the (on Citcuit Coiirt of the United States, held at post Richmond, Mas 22t1, 1797, 'by tion J MmM Hi h'.iji-.j. 1., " t: one of the afTcciate Judges of' ths Supreme « 0 Cot t of' the United States. " f ( Pub'i/bfd at the rrqutfi of Ue~'Ced-vd-fu>X-) "' * CfiNTLEitEN OF TrtE 7 ' ' GRAND lURY, 3 * THE frequent returns of c&ilits of jus- , tice naturally occafibri'us to nefltft tjn ! the << } origin from which they flow. HoVcver De painful such review- may be to Dome nations, tiot to us it can afford nothing luit fatisfaolkm and gratitude. We trace the origin 6'foUrs 1 as well as of every other authority to the j u ptirefl source from which any authority C3n 1 ,r be derived, the spontaneous but deliberate ; r ]t, grant of the people themselves for whose fca benefij it is eitablifhcd. Liberty to a con- tor fiderable degree had fubfiftcd iii other ages and in other countries, but fuih an exercise of it as this (notWithstanding the fanciful (0 opinion of some ingenious writers) probably so ; firft took place in our own. The attempt f a | • was noble, and the success hiUierto has lie ' been beyond all expectation. Whether its th . bleflings are to be preserved or loft, must, in no small degree, depend on the conduit 1 of the people themselves. j [ ■ If they with for good laws, they must ec choose able and disinterested men to make itl a them. If they wish for officers adequate to fe their stations in the other departmenrs of cl government, it is in their power diredtly or * I indirectly to fecurethcm by a discreet and " | judicious exercise of the choice with which w | they are inverted. If in any particular their g, confidence should be abused, a plain and ad- " I", equate remedy is provided. After a stated " x interval their legislators may be changed— " - 1 Without any delay but such as the occasion (< , j must require, any pubh'c officer who has mis- „ j behaved is liable to trial, puniihment, and <1 6 disgrace. To this may be added, what " 6 probably is not the weakest restraint, the " * i general odium that must attend a manifeft " departure from duty in an important public " employment. _ „ The people at large having these fecuri- „ ties for the faithful discharge of offices of <i lti public trust, it is fit that those whom they ' seleCt as their officers {hould have some fecu r- rity on their part. It is not to be presumed, ® that men, chosen as they are, should be re- * w markably deficient either l'n ability or integ- f p rity, and therefore they have a right to ex- , ,y I peit that their conduft should not immedi- t ately be condemned merely because some K e persons an: ready to find fault with it. The j " talk they have to perform is of no common 1 A magnitude, both as to difficulty and impor- 1 u. tanee. If in the small concerns of private ( ay life, few men can condudt themselves with , 6 ftridt regularity and exactness, and unexpec- . ted difficulties will disconcert even the moil orderly and discreet, can we conceive the er path perfeftly plain and obvious for the go by vernment of millions of men, who, though lr " pofTefling one common and united interefl, ® e have an infinite variety of private views,— . r tending to divert them from the great ob lie }e£t of union, even if their underltandings ; and dispositions were perfectly alike. But ' if to this we add the various degrees of their ; l l ' understanding, their different means of im- j by provement and information, the delusive | and dangerous passions by which many are j jlk glided, the adtivity of bad citizens, the fu- j M pinefs of good, until some critical alarm alike j u s! | attuates both to a struggle which may en- j ef danger the government-at the moment when ! its utmost energies are necessary, we Caonot ' vronder at the diversity of opinion which : ; a prevails in refpedt to most public measures, ' M. nor at the consequences which follow from't rival sentiments, too apt to disturb the tem- | per even of the best minds, but which, un- ■ lite avoidably, give a full scope to the passions"' : * of weak, arrogant, or unprincipled men, — who either make no allowances for difficul ties which weak minds never perceive ; —or j j A from an excess of vanity or presumption, [. suppose none can surmount them but them io selves ; or, with views too base to beaVOW-'' ed', heiitate not to gratify malignant OY"gr6- veling purposes of .their own, without "the ' ucf- Oighteit independent regard to the honor,"; >M. the interest, or even the fafety of thefr country. Such cautes must often produce J """ great agitation in any country, but inuft op """ erate with increased and dangerous vigour \ ere , in one like our own,' composed of many powerful states, to a great degree indepen rling dent on each other, having either real or im timi a gi nar y differences of loeal ir.tereft, and with' j cnts little other effectual cement to bind them to wn- gether but a sense of' foreign external dan ■ de■ ger, which with respeCt to many will be apt to operate but too weakly until it has in rl jj crealed to a magnitude which astonish es and confounds them. ( ConcluJtd in our next.) ■fires . . "/.r This Day is Published, I for ay Mtff- Dobfon, Carey, Cimpbcll, Rice, and other BooKlcllcrt, r an rice One Dollar ;.nd twcruy-fivecenri, fpt- Elcgatit'y pruned on Wive paper, awl Hot prejjed, By John Ihrrr.pfcu, A CCMf ARATIVE VIE'.V OF «,« 1 he Ccmftitutions Of the several States with ev.h other, and with j. . that of the United States: exhibitVgjn 1 ables, the prominent-features of tath ltirutiou r *and claCing tuget'jer tbeir r.oft impertant provisions, under the heads cf adminiftraticin ; I*' Notes a«d Obfcrvations. Ll7, B r WILLIAM SMITH, ■ * ' • Of South Caroline, LL. D. and member »'f the Cflhjjrtfs Ms tJ>.c United States. Elicited to th« Ppople of th« United Snttt. N. li. A few Copi,s printed cc an itferior pa per. at 3-4th«cf idoHaj.. J February 6 * njwf CONGRESS. '.I HOUSE of REPltfSfiN «■ VVedutljJay, May Mr. f[>?eei. C(s:it.««ed. Have we reipeded in th,< .nfl.ppj. «' cafe ; what were the fer.t mew| •: our pvede- rr celTo's i, 1,33 , on tire :6th Aba!, year a acoinrnitu-e v.as AppviiUtd, cMflftmif • Rladifon, Mr. El I worth,, awl Mr. H™. , r to rep** on the i'uhjta *e S f** post, and atrfong >«& <**<?> [" r lts a '!"P' '' ■Ln hy the tat«-they fay "<r other mp,.ve, a « than those of juttifc could be reqmOte on tltw « iccarmn, no nation couia ever feci In *.get i « for wben debts "are tube paid to an lU* the 1 firlt i)iace, who to the exertions ofot, •* arms in support of ot>r t.mle, has aiR-ea tne .■"'fitcctn of his 1-eafvrf ; who,, to his tmpor " tant loans, has donations ; •t and wliofe loins tbemfelws carry the iwpre - < 4 fioH oLhis magnanimity t!ttd fnc»dmf. In t Deormher' of the fame year upon the reTigna- ; ti&n'oi'Oeft. Walhington Congrets deel»«to btm f*' yo'J have peifevercil till she Jnlteil ( WStatfs aided bv * mageanimotu Af'g "rid »«- '« fatly have bien enabled under a just P'i'i (" dcrifiC to olole the war in freedom, fa.ietjr . ! « and independence." —And is it now that ir : rrtatcd by unworthy or odious bicVenngs we ihail tike upon us to fly in the face of our hil- I ' tory—of our living and immortal history—and \ , attempt to tmfay all this; yes_! a produflio 4 to us lalt leUion from one 01 the , departments-os our jjovernment, and publiftied ;o Arnerica anil all the world, treats all thele foicmn records ai tilings founded on error and t fali'chood, or cn hypocrisy ; in that very pub j licaftoh we are told that the minir.tr of France 3 thrd' whom America received those signal bene fits and ftipport, had dofee».ded to intrigue a i againll thirfe very liUertiej upon the support of which so much had been expended, and such diftingnifhed measures carried into decilive ex t ecution ; ws are taught there to believe, if folly e itl'elf could be so credulous, that Franee inter. 0 fcred privately to prevtnt what file made such ,f effirtk to fee are !—And this isjhe language by whicd France is to be persuaded of Our love of j justice, cf hur love of virtue, of our infalibility, of our regard for the dignity of our country " whose fer.timent ar or.e and the fame with the ir government ! " O ! sard Mr. Livingfton,— 1- " Let me not pass over unnoticed thai joy d " which Iso well remember to have bearlsed on _ " every countenance npon the inspiring tidings " that France had joined her arm 3 to ours iu f- « erased fienimy heart, in the gloomy horrors d « ofdefolatiori and an aflafiiuatinf: war, 1 could « read by the light of those flames which'con le " famed my paternal minfion, by tht joy that ft " sparkled in every eye, how great were the • •' confeqaences of her union to America—l '< feel the revival of that animating joy, kin " died this moment iR my bofom —I will fore it ver cherilh it in my heart of hearts—and I " trust never part with it, till I shall part with :y " every other sensation." a- Yet after all sooner than facrifice oae right— J one principle —or make one ut just conetiTion to J France, he would sooner facrifice his life ; but he would mil sooner behave like a truly dignifi -5* ed ma:i and acknowledge an error if he flioujd x " appear to have committed one, than support li- the error with the utrnoll certainty of success. ae France then may certainly complain without he justly exciting that indignation at her prefump -3n tion, which foioe gentlemen exprefs.fte is charged with the eommiilion of various inju lr" ries the difmifiioou of our rninifter —the lte comßiiflum of depredations on our commerce— th w ; t h a refuiing to treat Upon our disagreements :c- —and an interference in our go vernment : upon aft > the firft of these fubjcdls he felt a sense of iridig he nity as much as ar; man, rife in his bre aft, lie ■ 0 - f c 't f° r the refp'dtaole person who had the pain ' , ful talk to encounter ; but he would not argue largely on that fubjta at this time fiuce it m :il». volved a confideratron of all the predisposing causes of that <lif«iifiTon ; he would leave it to ib- be the fubjedt of amicable explanation —for dif igs ' guifj it how we would, if we hold the lan iut i guagc of the Prcfiieilt, to war we must go; he • ! would maintain what had been already dene in ! the way of Treaty ; but he would leave-it to m " the House to determine between better lan- VL " 1 gnjge and war ; our finfe of infallibility and are j our conduit were like the two principles of the fu- i Indian myth®logy— ever at war with each oth ike er, and ruin wottld follow the obstinacy tliat en . j refills all deliberationthe man who ffcould ! pretend to attempt a negociation at Paris after '! such language Irom the Legifiature arid the Ex ; ccutive, fhVuld'bear the cap and bells to fare lc " ' him from any other imputation than that ol "es, j being a maniac I he could not expeil to nego om ciate after tbem. 'm- | But gentlemen sfiefl to believe, for either un- ! they must be very imperfcClly informed on til) 3ns:! fubjefl do they not earnestly believe, thatth< ! 1 ; latwinf a right: of what right, by what lav "i of nations is the right eftabliflied thitone r.atior ~° r : can ififift.on keeping a miniiter in another eori °"> trary to the will <sf that nation ; he defied ani :m- , imri however learned and however gr#at,- ti 3W-'' point put the of any fu«h light : i rtb- th'efrfo'reit is not a right, the denial to receivi tht cannot be difyaffiocately tonfiderei as in itfelf an irifult, although the circviirifta» lo | C es attending it may be- attended with mark? c lcfr the juofl iiupfeal'aiit dilrcfpafl ; yet eveiUher ace « aippcaraneesare.no more than the nc.cefljrv eon op- ltquences of iheimprcffionsmadß o» the Frencl our government, from theconCderatien of our con any dix A.in fht particulars before noticed,, and. of >en- I'ght ill which they have, taken others forriotwithftanding this marked expieflion e 'J 11 " their sentiments, if gentlemen will read th " latter part of the miniller-'s they will find hir t°- declare th« tentiraem.- of -the gover nrjicr t —" lan- " pray you .to be persuaded, Citizen J»Simftei apt " that this determination having Become aecel j n . " fary," —that is aeceflary under tßeir impre lifh- fioni ps oor eondoift towards them— - allow " to fuhfill between the French Rtpublic an <» the American people the affection founde " ujioii former benefits and rec'rptocal intei faidthey " will no: acknowledge nor reeeiv the " another rninifter plenipotentiary from tl " United Slates until after the l eilrel's of.tl " grfevrnces demanded ofi|ir American gi Hot' " vernment, and which the French goveri " ment has a right to ciperfl froth it ;" an from this ailiclc « hich precedes that which haVe before-quoted, gentlemen conclude th no ttiinifier whatever will be received till.w have ci needed t<» them all they shall pleaiV 1 with : he would not trouble the committee b jJkV, furHier expefing absurdities so visible, as. tl ,-and' fappofitiori of an extludon of every kind of mil fions, ifter and nil negociation,' becatrfe they declai with they will not receive a flenifptectiary m'ufijlt unt.l those caufei.of compla:nt are removed they, or how nan they "be putintl way of explanation or removal but by * mini t v c ter. Uporl the fubjea ofthe eornpUints then ' selves he had already exprefj'ed his opinioi that many of fh£m were frivolous and othe r p a . unfounded; it wai frivolous, for iuftance; i our eyes, to complain of the arringeinent 1 wf t the r.itrxicf fht fcvenl P.:tcs ef Europe ir. ; intercodrl's* eA <> ute P 1 - 1 # im:il t!,: * , "' i of a Hi-.- kin-i are re.lUf-J. Hi it would (>n!>* - l nsceCi'v lJ explain their a'afur ditv vo them tflTeiiiniljr; but tae Freiren Kc>)ui>ltc d.i -- n it go f.far as gentlemen app.-ir towiih fli- Via J gone, (he dies not fay.-yau rmift redrt-fs tmy tnmg w; complain of-but all iho'4 wliiA Jh; bis a right to cxpslrt fron tlie .laerican Republic; and is it net by dil < uHioii ».i;l that the qutftion muli 1 be ilcfjtled what she lias and lias not J right to demand redr'els of: —it' there is a poffib.i-tj ot another ciniftruAion, and thu would lead to war, wh'fh of them ought we to adopt ! [To be co/x'ud.-d in our Kf=i J WEDNESDAY, MAY 31. Mr. Fowler, from Kentucky, yesterday appeared and took his feat in the House. Th 6 House again refalved itfelf into a Committee of the whole on the answer to the President's Speech, and Mr. Dayton'a amendment being under configuration, Mr, Hartley was perftraded there was but one wifli in the house with refpedl to peace, notwithstanding inlinuationa to the contra ry' ; but he could not agree with the prcpo 'fed amendment, is he wilhed the negocia- Ition to be left wholly to the Preiident.— The treaty entered into with France provi ded for their being placed on the fame foot- ing with other nations, and he wished that right to be recognized by negociation, and he doubted not the Preiident would do it; for as he mult fee that peace was the dei:re j of all, he would'take' such Heps as would be bell calculated to lead to it. He was against encroachments on the Preiident, as if they I once begun, there was to knowing where , ' they could Hop. He thought there Was no ! danger of war ; it would be a disagreeable ' thing for men who fought in the revolution ' ary var, to "be obliged to unfheath their ' swords against France*'", but he trusted, be p fore they rcjfe, means would be taken, for putting the country into a state of defence. ' Mr. Swanw-iek hoped the amendment I would-be adopted. The objeftion3 again it - it were of a curious nature. It was (irft f ■ said, if France was put upon the fame foot n ing with other nations, we rtiould have an s equivalent ; they ought to pay for the fpo u " liations committed on our. property. Again, s it was observed, that to offer them thfs, 4' would be to put them in a worse (ituatiou 1- than before, and' that they would laugh at it such' a' proposition. Mr. S. took a view of e the advantages which France was said to en ' joy over other countries with respeCt to bringing prizes into our ports, and (hewed j that' they no longer existed. He took no h tice of a fa£l related by Mr. W. Smith yes terday, refpetSting a French prize being - brought into Charleston, and denied that 0 there was any faAour done to the French in i' the business, but the contrary. France, he j said fuffered material injury from the British rt treaty', and there needed be no apprehension of their refilling to be put on the fame ut ground with other nations. He reprobated p- the idea of being denied the privilege of IS giving an opinion to the Executive, and | J ~ said there was no expression in the answer _ which echoed to that in the speech with ref its pest to a willingness to retract error which 31, the Senate had carefully reverberated. If g- gentlemen were (incere in their wiihes for he peace with France, he could not fee how n " they could objeft to the amendment. Why ue fay peace ought not to be made, except re ng dress was received for spoliations ? He had to himfelf fuffered very materially in tiiis res» if- peel, as well as many of his cocftituentS)— n- and he felt, of coUrse, as ardent a wilh '■<- Ihoufd be paid for as other gentlemtn ; but in he did not think it would be good policy to go to war, if fatisfadlion was refufed. This nd would be probably to risk the loss of a poiai4 he for the fake of gaining a penny. BefidtJ th-. it might be, that when these claims came to uat be fettled, France (like Britain with refpett J ' c! to Virginia claims) might bring charges (• f cr -gainst us, and not fettle the account. Be >-as willing to leave that business to be fet -01 tied by the Executive.' go- • Mr. Craik observed, the gentleman laftvo seemed perfeilly willing to entrust one bt- Iw r finefs with the Executive, whilst he was 2- « the fraid to trull him with another. With ret the pect to the ground of gentlemen b'ein; " c '~ changed, he wilhed it might not appear 8 . by. an agreement to this amendment, whici orj was exadlly the fame in effedl as that whicl lnv had been negatived. H<? expected the rao ■to ver would have (hewn whereiu it differet : if from the former, when called upon to do si live by the gentleman from Maflachufftts. JMr. Dayton (the Speaker) said the ber from Maflachufetts would bear him wit - ness that he did anfwer'the enquiry. on . Mr. Crafk - fad," if it were so, he hac nch been mistaken; : He thought there was n» on- difference between them. He wi(hed to re j! ,1 pel the insinuation 'that the oppofere of the ( amendment v/ere eneifiies of peace, ansi ene ';)"c mies of France, -which was conlfantly in filled upon-by gent! e cn' on the other fide. 1 He wiihed to fnew France the fate justice ler, as other nations'; but he Vas not willing to cef- 'insert the fentirhent in this nddret. Nor ' did he wiflv to go iata tbe enquiry bow far they v/ere or were net. at prefect cn tlvj fame footing. I He had the f .aae objs£iion iter- against this amendment' thst he had again It has the one brought forwartl by the geotleir.an c-ive from Virginia, via. that 5t wai an uncobfti-. the tutional interference with the Executivf, l ' le and (hewed a want of confidence in thst part of the government, v.!;ch wag at pu ,llf. sent peculiai-ly improper to be (hewn. This c h ] consideration bad been treated very lightly, that It was true that foreign politics had too I.we much mixed in the political conduft of per. r t(l - sons in this country ; and he believed the '.'V diftinguilhing feature betu-ccn the two par -1 '?■ ties was, that one wi(hed to grasp all power in the Hcqfe of Representatives, and llie I\ji er other to maintain the other branches iff ed ; exercise of their.Cbr.ftitutional powers. He 1 the thought this amendment was calculated to inif- promote the views of the former. The f rm * fame design of extending that power, lpd led them to decide the right to decide Ui(on .; n treaties, and to break treaties. He-srfled ,t of whether the power they were aboubt to e*- . al« ercife was a legiPatfre or an executive ftfl ?
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers