c:,Tary, on account of new naval wars in Europe. An 1 with the la't r view, the king of Sweden manifelted the iitmoft {ulicitude left the war thsuld be closed. without the intervention of the neuual powers. He therefore was urgent -that the em press, with all the parties to the maritime conven tion " *should propafe to the belligerent powers the eftablilhing of a congress, in which the differ ent concerns both of the powers at war, and of the neutral (tares, should be examined and termi nated." And these concerns he afterwards men tions to be " the pacification, and thi fettling of a maritime code of laws objects truly impor ant, and meriting all the solicitude manifefted on the occafioH by the king. But these fleps of the king «f Sweden serve as additional proofs thVit the principles of the armed neutrality were not confideieJ by the parties to the maritime convention, as fandttoned by the exilting law of nations. For permanently to eftabliih those adorned principles, by introducing them into a ma ritime code, was obvinufly the influential motive with the king tor desiring a congress, at which such a code might be fetded with the assent of all the nations of Europe. But this pr'tjeft did\ not fucL-eed : no congress was formed : the belligerent powers made,pease at different periods, and with that War ended the maritime convention. This na nation has more reason t« regret than our own, as well becauft the principles in question refpeft some very valuable portions of our xports, as because our disposition and our policy preserving us in peace such an extended liberty of commerce would prove highly advantageous to ui as carriers for the pow ers at war. T We have seen then, that the law of nations, the marine laws of France, her own treaties as well as those of other nations, and even the fyftfin of the armed neutrality, incontcltibly establish these prin ciples, That enemies goods on board neutral ves sels, are rightful fubjedts of capture Snd condemna tion ; and that timber and other articles, for the equipment of (hips, are contraband of war: and, therefore, that the admiflion of these principles, in the treaty between the United States and G ,fat Britain, not being a grant to her of any right (for 111 what feufe could we be fatd to give what (he before pofleffed ?) furnifhes no just ground of ofiVtiee to France. In what sense too can the United States be (aid to have " re/used to other " nations a right" which they and we voluntarily md mutually agreed to renounce ? Or how are we chargeable with " partiality in favour of England," because we do not take arms to compel her also to renounce it ? 6ut Mr. Adet, (till relting on the idea that not to compel Great Britain to renounce, ')) to grant her a right, seems to imagine that we lhall attempt to obviate his complaints, by faying ,l That France •' having the right, by her treaty of 1778, to «' enjoy all the advantagas in commerce and navi «• gation which the United States have granted to «' England, is not injured by the ftipulaticiwg of «• the treaty of 1794 (with Great Britain) tela " tive to contraband of war} as they become com " raon t» her."—But w« shall fay no (uch thing. The 2d article to which he refers has no relation to this fubjedt. Had vie granted any particular_/a<iw to Great Britain, or to any other nation, in rclpedt to commerce and navigation, we teadily admit that by this article France would be immediately en» titled to the fame. But in regard to contraband ot war, we have granted nothing, and. therefore, un der that article, France can claim nothing. Under the influence of present and temporary interests, the very nature of the ftipulatisns be tween France and the United States on the fubjedl of free commerce and the limitation of contraband, seems to be forgotten. They took for the bafts of their treaty " the most pcrfed equality and reci " pracity"—would they then conspire to their own hurt"? Would they volunurily ami mutually stipulate for injuries ? Or for advantages ? Ceitain ly the latter ; and both confidcred the agreement jeciprucally advantageous which secured to each, in its turn, the freedom of commerce provided by the rules, that free (hips (hould make free goods,—and that timber and naval ftorcs (hould be cxcludtd from the lift of contraband. Connected with this fubje6£ is what concerns the article of provjjtons. Mr. Adet fays, that " iftei « 4> having allured to the Englith the carriage of na « val (lores, the federal government wi/bed to as •« fnre them that of meals } ift a word, it defirtd to u have commerce only with England. Thus it fti •• pulafes by the 18th article, that the American " veTe's laden with grain, may be seized unfertile « frivolous pretext, that it is extiemely difficult to »' define the cases wherein provisions, and otherar *» ticlc.i, which are generally excepted, could be *• classed in the lift of contraband at" war." There are so many exttaordinaty affertionsk in Mr. Adet's notes, those in the above paragraph ex cite no surprise. The federal government is con flicted' of citizens who have a comipon interest with their fellow citizens of the Uaited Slates. That common interest has a peculiar relation to commeice, on the freedom and extension of which the public revenue and the general prosperity of our country chiefly depend. Will it then be be lieved that the government ivi/hed this commerce to be rejlrutne-l, particalarly the commerce in meals which compose the molt valuable part of our ex ports ? Especially will it be believed that the go vernment deftred that our citizens might have com tnerce only with England ? Let tele general ftnfe of eur fellow-eitizens answer these charges. Eel the great mass of our commercial brethren answer they whose enterprize traverses every sea and ex plores every region of the globe, to extend their gainful tra' e ; citizens whose commercial adven tures to France and her colonies have risen annual ly to many millions ; adventures by which many have haz tided their credit and their fortunes. Yet among all eur citizens none have bee* more felici tous to form a commercial treaty with Britain ; pone more decided in approving that which has been made. For the reasoning of our own government on this fubjed 1 beg leave to refer you to my letter of Sep tember 12th, 1795, written by the Prefident'# di- * liift.Arm. Neuf.p. 147—15®- r eftnn to Mr. Monroe* Therein it wits attempt. ( Ed to (how the necejjity and our right of forming that treaty with Great • Britain, and I h )pe it will appear to you that the i-onclufi >n is there fairly draww, that even the 18th article, as it refpefts pro-ifions would operate favourably to France. Before the treaty with Great Britain, her crui sers captured neutral vessels bound to France with provisions. She afTertcd, that is certain cases, pro visions were contraband of war; confequeutlv, that she might lawfully capture'and confifcate fu'h pro viiions. We opposed the principle and (he practice. Britain infilled on her right. In this dilemma, it was agreed, by the treaty thar whenever provitions, becoming contraband by the law of nation , <h»uld be captured, they should be paid for witn a reafon ahle mercantile profit. This stipulation, without admitting the principle, by securing the American merchants from loss in cafe of capture, would cer tainly tend to promote rather than to difcouiage adventures in provifiotis to France. » But an this treaty hai been the fubjeft of ferioui Complaint on the part of France, it is important to enquire with what foundation the complaint is made. I might pass over the unworthy infinn'ations of the miniftcrj that the treaty was entered into by us iti order to ajjure advantages to the Engli/b, and to furnifh our own government with a reply to the claims of b ranee, and preremptory motives for refufals to accede to them y. that the trui object of the negotiation was incejfantly di/guifed under specious pretexts, and csvered with the vie/ of di/Jimulation. These inlinu ations have been indiscreetly addreffedlto the peo ple of the United States. Tliey will gain no belief. Lt may, however, be ufeful for you to be truly informed on thil fuHjeft. The PreGdent's meflage to t!»e Senate on the 16th of April 1794, does not dcclare (as Mr. (Adet a flats) " that Mr. Jav was fsnt to Loo don only to iJbtain a rcdrefs yf wrongs." The President fays that Mr. Jay's million woul«i an. nounce to the world " A folioitude for a friendly adjuftmerit of our complaints," and that " going immediately from the United States, such an en voy weuld tarry with him a full knowledge of the existing temper and fei.Gbility of our country; and thus be taught to vindicate our rights with fum nefs, and to cultivate peace with sincerity." And fliall the purfnit of either of these objeifts be de nied to us ? What were our r»mplaiuls ? The most urgent regarded the fpolijtions on our commerce, and the inexecution of the .article of the treaty 6f peace refpeiting the potts. With the latter was connected the Indian war, with which we hsd been harrafied tot so many years ; and with the former, the injury or rui(> of our merchants and the ronftquent exienfive damage to agriculture. Thefir the molt prominent objects of the miflisn, were of course most observable, and most talked of; ?nd without them the miflion probably would not at that time have been contemplated. But had wt no other " complaints?" Did not the imprefiment of our fcamen, like the fpoliationa on »ur commerce, excite an univetfal complaint? Had we never manifeftedout unealinefi \at Great- Britain's avoiding a commercial treaty I Was it not even a fuhjed of complaint and u proa h ? Was not the inducing her.to enter into fui_h .-ftteaty the objtft of divers measures agitated u, eungtrfs ? Had not a commercial treaty with Great-Biirain been earneitly fought for tr»m the oonclufion of the war t« the time of Mr. Jay's miffiun ? Hjjw also could, Mr. adjuitmg Lhc'primary ob jects of his million, bolter prove the lincerity of our pacific difpofiuon and more eflv£hially "-cnlti vate peace," than by forming ai rangeme»t9calcu lated to extend and protect our tn.de, to promote good neighborhood and a friendly and mutually be t.eficial intercouife ; by pref iioing a previous de mand of jufiice and fatislafliun to haity reprisals, which naturally lead to war ; aijd by agreeing on other regulations to prevent difpules, or to adjuit them when they should arise ? 'All these objects then, and whatever else would be the means of " cultivating peace" were clearly comprehended in the Prefidenljs meflage. [To be continued.] WILMING i ON, J nuary 18. DELAWARE ST4TR LEGISLATURE. IN SENATE. [Extract from the Journal.J Thmfday, Jan. 12, 1797. Resolved, , That a refpedtfal addrefi be presented fnJm the Senate and House of Representatives, to the Pre sident of the United States, upon his intended re tirement from office, and that the following form thereof be adopted : TO GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of ihe United States. Si R, The Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Delaware, cannot view with insensibility, your contemplated retirement from the firft office of your country, to the retreat of private life. Upon such an occ.afion, to be lilent, and to with hold the mod cordial expression of our affedion, refpeft and veneration for your character, would be as ungrateful ta you, as it would be difhouorable to ourselves. It ii in attempting therefore to do ju A ice to ear feelingi, and to discharge a patriotic, duty, that we prelcnt this address as a tribute of gratitude and homage to your virtues. More than twenty years have elapsed since you left the Civil Council's of America, to undenake and sustain the more difficult and perilous duties of the chief military command. The seven yean cortflift tha* ensued, mult have been to you a gloamy series of fcven fufferings, except as it wa«. relieved by temporary viftorirs, and the plcafing hope that the exertions of your c*un(Vy, and the aids of hea ven would crown your labors with fticccfs. 1 At the clufe of the important coated, we view 4 you in the command of a disciplined, affe&ionate, and admiring army ; and from the example of o' ther conquerors, we might have trembled for the fate of our country in ihe apprehensions that its I'rotefter would become its tyrant. But happily for ihc U. State* and honorable for yourfelf and the clnraser o f htiniirt natnre, t!:e fceliivjt of the coh qutfror we.e loIt" in tlmfe of the patriot, and the in ! mtions of ambition were tepreffed by the tri iimoli of virtue. 1 lie glorieus fpefilacle wasprefented to the xVprld, "■ a popular, powerful, and fuecefsrul general at clueving the emancipation of his country, and then •resigning his command to an unarmed republic— voluntarily retiring from the honors and emolu ments of office, and receiving in return the tribute, not of pwwer, hut of gratitude. We view you afeeorid time, in obedience to the unanimous voice of America, relinquishing the en joyment of your beloved retirement, ana accepting the chief raagiltracy of your country, in order to add character, credit and energy to its government. Tliat character, credit, and eneigy, you have as sisted in so fining and ffcuring to our government; and we hope they will be preserved, as well to perpetuate the memory of your virtues, at the hap pirtefs ©f your fe'lew-citizens. We address you, fir in the name and on the be half ot the citizens we represent. Wc know that they ignite with us in viewing your abilities with refpe£t— your virtMes with veneration—and your services with gratitude ; and in soliciting from hea ven for you, every blessing which can insure your happiri *1 here and hereafter. v On motion, the above address was unartimoofly adopted, and sent to the House of {leprefentatives tor their concurrence. Philadelphia, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY » 3 , 179;. A Jhort ejfay on the improvement of tutrn out landi. One way of encouraging agriculture is te point out the way to improve worn out lands ; which may be done by feeding all such lauds with clover as are left out. I have been in the praflice of cul tivating clover more than forty, years, i planted 14 acres of India* corn on a worn out piece of land, which produced about five bushels to the acre ; it was then sown with oats and clover. The oats were but a common crop for such land j the clover on the following year was good beyond expediti on, and which yielded a clear profit of 10!. the acre in feed, belides the feed in the spring. This year I received as large a crop from the adjoining land cultivated nearly in the fame manner. From these experiments, I conclude, that everv acre of land left out unsown witli clover mull lofc from il. los* to iol. frona what it would produce if it was sown with clover. There arc two forti of red clover—one fort I call the native American, the other the Englilh red clover. The native red clover will grow double the length of the other, but it is later in the bloom by about a month, and the feeds o) b»thare fomuch alike, as not to bediftin guilh'd from each other. Some may fay how then dial! we be furetoget the right fort to make a trial —all theani'werl lhall give to this is, there i» now at Mr. Howards in Market-ilrefct, N°. 95, a small quantity to be difpoled of. 1 have 140 acres of worn t>ut land lately town with clover ; only 5 a cres of the native fort, but expedt to sow about 70 acres myrcofit in the spring. JOHN LAMBERT. Salem county, New-Jersey. COMMUNICA TION. Tlie theme of gratitude, which the French gtvern meat and our Jacobins hive with so much delicacy reiterated in our ears, might luve b«en parted over with the contempt which a generous spirit forever feels when favo.s are converted into bonds and fetters, had not the wo.thy part/of the community sonceivtd that what was so very often urged was really founded in truth. It is time the deluflon (hould be removed — it is time that the freemen of* America should knsw the extent of f reach kintlnefs ; benaufe the draft upon our gratitude is upon the independence of the country, and riles and is modified prccifely as it suits the necef- Gtits of our tvpuld-be majlers. When through their minifttr they demand that we (hould repeal laws, re ■verfe judicial decries, and annul treaties, and to in duce us to do this, tell us a canting story of the gra titude we owe them, and the obligations they have conferred so dtftnterejledly—in justice to ourfelvss and our posterity, and impelled by the sense of our real in dependenae, we mufttnd will examine into this claim upon our gratitude—we roust look into the account, t® fie -whether what is so insolently demanded of our virtue, is not a pretext played upon our ignorance, or a courtly trick offered to our fears. The lata com munication from George Washinoton will let the people fee! By this day's MaiL RICHMOND, January H, FIRE! Yeßerday afternoon a flr« broke eut in thii city in the bouse occupied by Dahiel Timniingi, Tal low chandler, on'the eafl fide of tbe bridge eppo fite Samuel Ejje'a (tone bouse ; it immediately com municated to the adjoining two story house, both of which were'eonfumed—but by the great exerti ons of citizens i» cutting aaaythe house of David Loggan, (hoe.maker, on the weft, with the affift a»ce of tHe engine, the fire wa« got iinder wijhont further injury. Too mif«h credit canaat be giveu to every description of our eitiaenl, who instantly rtpaired from different parti of, the city to the scene, and rendered every firvice in their power. BOSLON, January 14. We are informed, and from an authority which we rely on, that Mr. JefTtrfon has written to Mr. Mad ison on the iubjeft'of the late eledlion ; and given it as his opinion, that Mr. Adams was the only person who ought to have been elefied Prcfidcnt ; and furth er, that he 16 the only person under n horn he would, accept the Viee-Prcfidency. If ©ttr information is ac curate, the acceptance of Mr. J. will be unqueftioaa ble. —The event, we hope will v" Unite the roles, red and white, together. That on one Icind and friendly flalk, They both may fiduviih." Ninety-four 24 pound cannon, were a fevlr day* fine* proved at th*, Hope Furnace, nctr Providence, by Ca;>t of rVf Federal army. They a!!-bore the proof ; and art intended for the frigates. now hunting. . A WJiitcftown papj-, «f Dec. ai, fays, " For thir ty-eight days past, we have rint seen twenty-four hours pass withnut experiencing a mow storm. The fno* is now 30 inehes deepi on a level. The sleighs move briflcly.*' The flrediflidns lafl fall, of a hard wiftter, have al ready been fully Verified. Until within these two or three days cold, the rrioft extrerhe, haß been experi enced.— The therrhsnreter of j?aret«iieit has been seve ral days from 6 to 11 bslow o ; and a similar c»!d has been felt in all the ftatcs we have heard from. The lakes and rivers are frozen up 1 and our market* are daily visited with sleighs from Canada. Our har bour is completely blockaded, and business fufFers much. January, 16. Tuesday last, No. 11,000 drew the Prize of ao,oo<> dollars, in the fourth class of Harvard College Lottery. Wednesday the abo»c Lottery finifhed drawing, when No. 9847 being the lift drawn No. is entitled to s>ooo dgllars. NEW-YORK, January *r. The particulars of the lals of the (hip Barrington, Capt. Stewart, together with the fate of the pafTengers and crew, being not a little interesting, mull be accsp table to the public ; We sow lay them before the pub lic, as related by Captain Stewart himfelf. Captain Stewart, of the fliip Barrington, on his p&f fage from Leith to this port, wis, oa th» 13d of Sep tember lali, wreck#d *n the Isle of Sable—the veflel, with chief part of the cargo, loft; -he Captain and crew, with eleven paflengers, were left on this deso late Island—their d.eftiny could not be foretold—it proved to be truly diitrefiing ! Being placed oh this un inhabited spot, they faon erected a tent ajd a lrnall hut, the latter of which was occupied by two young ladies, two married women, and three children, who were paflengera Duringtheir stay jiere which'wa* about eleven weeks, they ecsEoraically flibfilled on pro vilioas saved from the wfecki' They had rigged the long on the nth of October, the mite and four seamen set fail for Halifax, where they arrived after a very disagreeable patTageof five days. The governor of that place, on hearing the circumftaHCes, immediately dispatched a (mall fchoon* er, with provisions, &c. for their relief—and in eight or nine days arrived iri fight of the unfortunate fuffer ers, but the wind blew such a hurricane, that is wa» /our days before they could fend boat on ftiore— the wind having abated, they got fcveral articles, be iides their bedding, on hoard the schooner. Distress, alas, >.vas now added to distress ! Far while the fch®«»- er's boat, with three of her men were on shore, flie parted her cable and went off with only two men on board — flie however providentially got back to Hali fax. Her arrival and ill success were hardly announc ed, before Governor Wen'worth ordertila ftsondvef feLforthe fame truly humane parpofe. After a feW days fail ftie reached the isle—it was a week after be fore they could get on fliore, they at lail efleiled a land ing, and after ftirmounting thegreateft difficulties, g®t all on ooa'd ; soon after which, they were neceffitateA ta cut the cable and run from that dangerous situation*. After a stormy and difagreeahle pifTage of 14 dayi, they arrived at Halifax, where all handi and hearts were open to receive them, and afford them every re lief. The Governor's kindness and attention on tbi# occalion hasr:fi*Aed on him true hoiior. And we at* also happy in obfervirig, that the hospitality and good nef» of Mr. Laurence Hartflior»e, merchant, of tba£ place, was net left conspicuous—he took the two young ladies into his own hsufe, and paid them every possible attention; which was not confined to them— * hit solicitude far the comfort of thera all, will net b* forgotten Captain Stewart, feii crew, r.nd pafiengerj, aftsr re maiuing at Halifax about thr?e weeks, took their pas sage in the fliip New-York, Capt. Clark, for this portj where they arrived in good health on the 12th ialtaut' For the MINERVA. Mcffrs. Printers, __ By inferring the following in your Minerva, vau wilt oblige a cttnftant reader. Yesterday the 18th inft. at 1 2 o'cloek, a respec table number of gentlemen attended agreeable to invitation, in tfoe City Hospital, several operation# of Dr. Elifha Perkim, by meant of liis invented Metallic Point*. The fame vtftre performed with lurpriiing and fatisfa&ory fuccefi on different pa tient* laboring under Various disease*. Pantheon, AND RICKETTS's AMPHITHEATRE. MR. RICKETTS takes the liberty of announcing to his t'riendi and the public, that to-merrow evening there will be a variety 6f performances, at the Pan theon BY DESIRE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, the particulars of which will be exprefled in the bills and advertifcmenu of the day. January aj The Stockholders of the Pennsylvania Population Company Are requested to meet at the C ompany'i Office, No. 53, North Fourth-flreet, on Wednesday, the ift of February .next, at n o'elock, for the purpose of taking into consideration the proceedings of the Company, and of making further affelTments on the lhares, in order to defray the expenccs of the Company agreeable t# the loth, Article ofjhe Constitution. By ardir ®f the Board. SOLOMON MARACHE, Secretary. January, 13d, 1797. dtFeb.t. A Pocket-Book. LIFT, yefttrday meriting, at, or LOST coming from the lower ferry inn to Philadelphia, a Red Mo rocco Pocket-Book, containing one teii dollar bank note, sundry papers, lettfcra, iuftrumenti, and two ptonoiflory n»tes, drawn by C. Jackson & Co. dated lit Noveinbrr, 1796, at day», for 505 dollar* each, and indorsed by the person in whose favor they are drawn. Any one who will deliver the bdok with the papers, letters and notes, to the printer hereof, (hall have the montfy for their trouble, without aty queftiotis a&ed. Ni B. The papert can be of no use to »ny one but the owner, the meant, of negociating them being fiopi ped. January 13 Philadelphia and Lancaster Company, January 6, 1797. At a meeting of the President and Managers, a di* vidend of fi*e dolkrs per (hare, was doclared for the last half year, whith will be paidtti the Stockholders, or their representatives any time after the sift of this month. TENCH FRANCIS, Treaftirer. Ju. «< J.' Turnpike 1»"4 V,
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