to fee those who differ frow them in fentimetit, in dir
the peaceable enjoyment of that asylum which you du
would ravish from them with so much inhumanity, ty'
Consult, Sir, your own memory, and you will not lor
doubt but those are the sentiments of the French (la
mobility who idolized their king, more attached
than ever to thor religious principle!, and whose
greatest misfortune is to hare survived all that was
dear to them. Consult your own-interest, ind per
haps you will think it imprudent any longer to urge on
a measure of which you yourfelf may by some un- to
forefeen event be the victim. vu
But I pass on to another object which is no less of
important, as it concerns the law of nations. Per- a ]
mit me. Sir, to a(k you, who is that writer that co
has furnifhed you with that maxim so unknown un- thi
til our days. " A neutral nation cannot grant an th<
asylum to the enemies of a belligerent state, with- lef
out " efTentially affe<ftiirp the duties of neotrality." ne
It was without doubt dictated by that unrelenting
hatred which projected your inftruftioi 6 ; for I can w;
never believe that a person so deeply versed in di- qu
plomalic knowledge could have thus confounded ne
the duties of alliance and of neutrality, things in to
themselves so materially different. The one (at lead an
with particular and stipulated exceptions) obliges th
us to regard as enemies all the fubjefts of the State If >
armed against the allied parties, and forbids grant
ing them an asylum under the penalty of essential- fid
Iy affecting the duties of alliance The other sub- I
jests us only to the prohibition of favoring the one m ]
of the belligerent powers. Neutrality, such as we to
exercifeand such as has be«n defined by Puffendorf, m
Grotius. See. is the political fitaation of a govern- ca
ment, which, not furnifhing either directly or in- th
directly, either troops, arms or succors, offenfive . te
ordefenfive, to the belligerent powers, maintains
with them its treaties and union, and commerce,
without being affected by the rights of war, in its
interior or exterior operations.
It iB upon this basis that we have scrupulously re
gulated our conduct to this day, and if, by an impo
litic condescension, we should luffer ourselves at this tb
moment, to deviate from those principles, fanftion- c '
ed byrfie laws af-Mtiwns, irkat- imam it/ hme »'<,
that you will not immediately <jemand of us that we P
break our commercial connexions with the Enipire, P'
with Auftriaand England, and even that we should 'y
dismiss the miniftersof those dates? All those de- F
mands would be a confequenee of the fird, and we I
fhouid have loft the right of refufrng a compliance, ri
What right, what law (hould we then have to oppose P
to the aggrefiions of your enemies. Would it be ei
that of our neutrality ? Despoiled of all its cha- tl
j-afteriftics, it would not be acknowledged, and our P
only reconrfe would be in a coalition, and this the a l
political interests and the pacific views of our Can- Cl
tons equally reject. But, fir, who will warrant to t{
you that the powers leagued again®; France will not
claim on your account the pretended tight which
you this day set up ? Let not your modesty deeeive
you, for if in our readiness to fatisfy you, they
(hall imagine they discover proofs of our weakness,
they will make your judgment on this occasion the
ffandard of their conduct, which will then proba
bly accord with their interest. S
I allow, if you please, that such is the lot of the si
emigrants and the unfortunate French priests, that o
kowever rif;t>rou» tb« wwaftiren mig*t be which we tl
ffcould lake against them, that still oo claim would vi
be made which would at all disturb our political q
tranquillity ; but doth the certainty of impunity I
change the nature of a criminal attion ? Shall we 11
commit an aft of barbarity because we have no n
caofe to fear that it will be avenged ? And what d
then will be ihis new morality of nations if fucb r
principles are to be eflablifhed in place of the rights b
of nature, of those of humanity, and of thefacred si
precepts of religion ? No, Sir, I dare allure you a
that we (hall do honor to ourselves in refpefting the ']
unfortunate, and the only courage we (hall want, b
will be the courage to expose ouifelves to the flings b
of rertiorfe. . a
1 know that they cannot this moment object to t
us the example of a sovereign, who connected to r
the house of Bourbon by the dearest ties ef blood r
has yet consented to theexpulfion of the emigrants f
from all his stateS ; but it will not be the mediators f
«f the pacification of Prufiia or of Spain, who will t
cite to me a treaty diftited byforee and fubferibed s
by weaknjfs ; a treaty whi£h was the ahufc and not
the right of victory ; a treaty ilL&iie, which highly
eenfured by yourowil citizens, provokes an unfver
fal indignation against the conquerors, and weakens
a sentiment of the tenderefl interest in favor of the
vanquilhed.
And whither would you, that these unfortunate
grangers should go, if banished from theit country t
where they could find only a si affold, and driven
from the land where the terror of your arms gives 1
the Jaw foj; their profcriptioo, they are still repulsed
from neutral dates where their supplications de- (
mand less the right of existence than the tranquilli
ty of the tomb ? Shall we behold those tboufands
of old men, of women, and of children, who, with ,
the little of their misfortunes, have cast themselves |
upon our hospitable territory, shall we, without hor
ror, behold them hopeless of an adytum but in the .
Dens of Savages, and without any fubfiftepce but
that which they mult dispute for with beads of
the sorest ? Ah, do not doubt fir, you have known
them in the hour of prosperity : we do not doubt,
we who for seven years have observed them under j
the trials of adversity, we do not doubt but that
their lad sigh would be a prayer for their perfecu- ]
tors—But, even their prayers would not disarm the .
hand of the Eternal—their bones scattered over
our foil would call for the vengeance of Heaven up
on us, and upon our posterity, and the tending cry
of our confsiences would be but the commencement
of our puuifhment. I am, See.
* We have copied this answer from the " Uni
rerfal Mercury," of Frankfort; but as this piece is
without signature, we may, without any impropri- '
ety, doubt its authenticity. We give it#ir what it '
is worth. <
i
FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE.
Saturday, July 23. i
Downing-street. Jtily 33. 1
The letters, of which the following are copies, 1
have been received from the honourable William
Frederick Wyndham, bis majesty's envoy extraor-
n dinary and minister plenipotentiary to the grand
u duke of Tufcany, and from Mr. Udny, his majes
ty's consul at Leghorn, by the right honourable
t lord Grenville, his majesty's principal secretary of
h state for the department of foreign affairs,
d —
e Florence, June 2?. j
is My Lord, v!
I have the honour to inform your lordlhip, that 1,01
e on'the 1 &th instant the French entered Bologna, to -
1. to the number of about 15,000 men, having pre
vioufiy sent before them a commissary and a troop
fs of cavalry, to demand entrance into the city, with
•- a promise of treating it in a friendly manner. In ffA]
tt confequenee, being mailers of the town and fortrefs,
I- they made the ganifon prisoners of war, and sent 1
n them under escort into the Milancfe. The Pope's Mr
l- legate, they immediately ordered to quit the Bolog- X° ;
" nefc - '
g On receiving this information, I immediately "
n waited on the prime minister, Scratti, and the mar- | at{
i. quis Manfredni, to koow whether his royal high, be
d ness had any intelligence of an intent of the French rea
n to march into Tufcany, or to garrison Leghorn { -
ft and I had the most positive assurances from both,
:s that the French had no idea at present of entering ' (
:e into Leghorn.
t. I own, my Lord, that Ido not place much con- 0 r
1. fidence in their promises of not coming to Leghorn ; anc
j. I have therefore thought proper to write to the ad- obi
le miral my sentiments to that effect, requeding him
re to leave some vessels at Leghorn, to carry off the
f, merchants and British fubjefts, with their effects, in wa
1. cafe of a fuddeD invasion. 1 have likewise desired f a y
j. the consul to convene the British factory, and to the
,e . tell them not to rely too mi\ch on French faith.
)s I have the honour, See.
f> W. F. WYNDHAM.
ts —
Florence, June 2J.
e _ My Lord,
0 . I have the honour to inform pour lordship, that th
ig the situation of affairs in this country i 3 materially
n . changed: the neutrality of thejgrand fluke, which,
e -—;• "■ pan of the Directory at
Paris, and their miniiler here, we had reason to ex
e, would be religiously refpefled, has been open- ro
Id ly violated, by the march of a considerable body of
e. French troops to Pidoia, the dellinationof which, f' l
e " I have reason to believe, sri/m a variety of concur- l ®
e- ring circumstances, to be for Leghorn : indthe te
,fe public of Lucca has given intimation to this gov- ar
b c ernment, that such is, undoubtedly, the project of ' j-'
a . the French, The violation of the neutrality is so
ur palpable, and the tneafures taken by the enemy so 111
(, e apparently hodile, as to make it probable that the la
country will not escape contributions. I have omit
to ted no means for forwarding information almolt v<
ot daily to the CoHful and Admiral. P'
.1. t I have the honour, Bcc. cl
v . W. F. WYNDHAM. fr
ve fr
py
f„ Florence, June 25. u
My Lot<J, 1 . S
>a- l'was this day informed by the Secretary of
State that a column of French was on it's march
he from Bologna, by the way of Piguano and Perugia,
lat of which he did not know the number ; that ano
»ve ther cotnmn confiding of between 8 and 9,000, u
ild were to arrive this day at Piltoia : that the Mar
:al quis ManWedini, who was dilpatched by the Grand
ity Duke to Bologna on the instant with the
»e rtrongplt remondrances, and ordered to use h'is ut- .
no mod endeavors with Buonaparte and Salicetti to
iat dissuade the French from entering Tufcany, had ( j
cb received for answer, that no orders had been given
its by the Diredlory at Paris to that effedl, and con-
ed fequently it was not rn their power to dootherwife ;
ou and all that they would do, was to pass through
he Tufcany as speedily, friendly, and quietly as pofli-
nt, ble, and by whatever road his royal highness should
igs be pleased to didlate ; but that the commiffanes
and two generals of the marching to Pif
to toia, being arrived there, have declared to the gene
to ral Strafoldo (who was sent by the grand duke to (
od meet them, and to give the necessary ordeu to in-
its sure tranquility) that they have no orders to receive
ors from the grand duke, and do not know the route
they shall take—a circumstance utteily impossible, f
>ed as they precede the army to obtain provisions.
lot I have the honour, &c. ,
illy __W. F. WYNDHAM. J
er " ' . ~
ens On board his Majesty's ship the Incondaat,
Leghorn Road, June 27. |
My Lord,
a,e In consequence of the intelligence which 1 re- :
fy ceived on the 24th instant, from the Hon. Wra.
ven Frederick Wyndham, his Majesty's Minister at
ves Florence, and from my different Emissaries on the f
Roads, that there was a considerable probability,
that the French would enter Leghorn ; I immcdi- J
ately called a meeting of the Gentlemen of the j
Factory, and communicated to them the above (
I' 1 ' 1 mentioned information, and if equal attention had (
ve ® been paid to it by all as was done by the principal
lor " Members, the lots would have been far lefsoonfider- (
the able, lam happy, however, to be able to inform (
hut your Lordship, that by the extraordinary exertions
' which have been made, and in pa'tieular by captain
iwn Freemaotle, commanding his Majesty's ships in thr ]
'bt, Mole, twenty three in number, together with great
er part of the valuable effects in the ware-houses, and
hat about two hundred and forty oxen for the use of
cu " his Majesty's fleet, have in the' eourfe of two days |
t ' ,e and nights, been saved.
ver I have the honour, &c.
U P* JOHN UDNEY.
cry
ent Vidlory, off Toulon, July i.
rni- My Lord '
ej s Having seen the factory and English fubjefts,
and the convoy, with their valuable effects carried
tjt into Corsica, I proceeded in his Majesty's fh'ip In
constant, capt. Fretmantle, to receive the Coßiman- ,
der in Chief's inftruftions for my future govern
ment in the service of his Majesty's fleet, and ha
ving received Sir John Jervis's ordets, I am return
ing immediately to Corsica, in his Majesty's ship In
constant, to rejoin the factory and exccute his com
ies, mands.
am I am, &c.
tor-] JOHN UDNEY.
■JMI UMI- JIIWHHDWiH ' ■ I Ship.
Philadelphia, 1°
% { 1
, 5
WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1796 37
— 3
Married, on Sunday evening, by the Right Rev Dr. ' 5
White, Edward Stilis, Esq. to Mrs. Ma*v MerediTb, 3
both of thi» city.
1 ,on Monday evening, by the Right Rev. Dr. Shipl
White, Mr. Howard Thomson, merchant, to Mis» Ann ,
Renshaw, bpth of this city. j
.. ■, on Tuefdaj evening, by the Rev. Dr. Collin, j
Dodtor William Pennell, to Miss Dorothea S. Gra- j
ham, both of Chester, Delaware County. q,
PitD, at the George Inn, in this city a few days ago,
1 Mr. Farren, a young Englishman, Utely arrived at New- 38 b
Yoik, and whom curiosity had led to vilit this metropolis. j.
His ilineft was ftort, and his death unexpeitcd. 1
■< , in Kentucky, Craig Miller, Esq. late profefior ._
in the few lit Edinburgh. His lady, daughter of the ' r 1
[ate celebrated Dr. Cullen of Edinburgh, had the grief to dcr
' be apprized of his sudden death at JLancafter, haviug prep
1 reached so far eti her way to the place he was fettling. to J.
. ,at his house in this city, lad evening, Chriilian wgJ
Febieer, Esq. Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Penn- .
: m
' Such a dreadful tendency has the excefliye use of White .
Paint, that a Young Lady of this city died in confequcnce
' of its effects on Monday last. Aa European by birth, pout
! and unaccustomed to the heat of the climate, Ihe has been f
- obliged, to preserve a confident appearance, to renew the that
1 fatal application several times during the day.—She was j ate
„ seized with violent tremors, which were fuceeedtd by p
convulsions, and the doctor was of opinion that painting
1 was the immediate cause of her death. We are ferry to men
5 fay lhc has left an indigent, helpless mother, to lament two
j the prematnre loss of trie pi op of her exigence, as this coil,
unfortunate victim to pride and vanity, fupportcd her
felt end mother by working as a tailorefs. [Ind.
— \
COMMERCIAL. 1
— tling
The following hjj been published by dire&ioa of imir
t the Secretary of State. St.
DONA MARIA, by the Grace of God, Qwen
[ #f Fortugel, &e.
BE it Itnown to all, that having taken into my jr xt
i_ royal confederation the many and important advan- n
,stages that uauft necessarily result to the. commerce je
, of the fubje&s of these kingdoms and dominions,
.. is the establishment of a free port; and coafidering
.. that the port of Lisbon, from its fittution, fccurity
r . and facility to the navigation of the occan, cxceeds g
,f ■ thofeof other nations who have adopted fuchefta- j, avi
blifhmcnti; conforming myfclf with the advice of t ;jj e
'o my royal board of commerce, agriculture, manu
c fȣtures and navigation, of these kingdoms and its s on
t . dominion!, and of other pcvfor.s of my council
fl( very learned and zealous of my service and of the
public good ; it is my royal will and pleasure to
cftablifh at Ja queira, near the city of Lisbon, a
free port, which is to have its entire and full cfFcft
from the 111 of January 1797 : having destined for
its adminiftiation, and other ptirpofes thereunto be- l
Winging, the houses and ware-hoiSfcs of the fort of e( j ;
, St. John, with the territory adjacent, for the build- p a fl
3 , ing of further peceffary accommodations, in which w ; t
may be rrceivcd and depofitcd all merchandizes and t j, e
a ' goods of every nature and quality soever, as well att .
trotn foreign (excepting, for the present,
3 ' sugar a»d tobacco) *s from, national poits, that are t j, e
situ. ted beyond the Cape-os-Good-Hope, at the
"" will of the proprietors, either for confnmption of our
le these realms, having made due entry according to IO(
1 l/tw and paid the lawful duti« at the refpe&ive a jj,
j Customhouses; or if exported to foreigß or na
' tioiial ports beyond the said Cape-os-Good-Hope, an
paying only, for the benefit of my royal revenue,
and usder the title of proteftioo and depolit, one j on
Y per ccnt. on the value of ftlch mcrshandize, See. en(
according to the invoice, which the captains of vel- yy
fels or those who may have the consignment (hall vVa
present and manifeft, and by them fig ed and qua- [j a ,
."j. s lifted under their oath 5 Subsisting however the li- ne ,
berty of Franquia to all vcffels that shall demand it,
according to the regulations and orders observed -at ] 3 j,
the Cu(torn house of this city : fuppreifingall other
du.ies, and annulling every regulation and order
ve whatever, contrary or opposed to the said liberty
, of franchife that forms the advantage of this present
e ' establishment.
And in order to animate and promote in this ca
pital the importance of a great plenty of articles of jy|
the firft oeceflity, it is my will to declare, that all t j, ;
forts of grain and p.'ovifions that ore exempt from (Jj,
paying duties of entry, shall not only enjoy the li
berty of exportation, but (hall be free from the „
payment of the above mentioned contribution im
r£" posed on the other articles.
m " In cafe the ciown of Portugal shall be at war
with any power whatever, whose fubje&s are inte
e rcfted in the goads, merchandizes, See. in the free
''J.' port, in which enumeration are to be comprehended
the above mentioned grains and provisions, there
le shall be made no avrcft, embargo, sequestration, or g c
,v< j reprisal on such goods or merchandizes, but on the
ia contrary they shall remain exempt, free, and secure, Sh
as if they were in the pofTeflion of their refpedive ® r
owners, to dispose of them as they shall judge most
!m convenient to their interests.
The administration of the above mentioned free
V" P°rt shall be put under the infpc&ion of an admi
r in tl rat or general, with those competent officers si
ea ' whom it will be my pleasure to appoint. And it
n is my will that this administration be independent
0 of every jurifdi&ion, excepting only the tribunal »f di
i y s my royal Board of Commerce, through which all hi
the necessary orders shall be expedited, and all re- w
prefentat ions made to me tending to maintain ind A
preserve the good faith of this establishment, in con- B
tormity with the particular regulation* which I h
have ordered to be formed for the government of A
the above mentioned administration and its officers, 3
i Sf and to serve as a rule to the captains of vessels and «
ied their agents, in the importation and exportation of w
] n all merchandizes which are to enjoy the advanta- «i
an- ges of this free port. it
rn- ■■■!—Mm
in a : BY THIS DAY'S* MAIL.
In- _____ J]
jm- BOSTON, September x 6.
The Spaniards have a large fleet equipped, but (
we conceive the equipment rather intended to defend
than ojftnd. They have sow actually «rnied. i
•
" Ships Guns Ships Gum Ship: Guns
i o * iiz i J4 1 ??
i 94 3 4° * 2 o J i
5 8o 4 3 6 11
37 73 3' 34 7
3 68 2 3° 9
. * 5 64 . 3 a 6 1 »P
> 3 5 8
Their riifarmed *e(!cls are,
Shipt Gum Ships Gum Ship* Guns
' i >36 7 74 ? 2 *
1 in 5 34 2 ??
•1 94 1 3 2 4 J
* 1 8b > 30
The whole Spanish n»*y con fifts of 7$ ftiipi of
the line, 53 frigates, 9 coivettes, Jo Xebtques,
- 38 brig*, 6 packet boats, and 97 /huller vessels.
From Cadiz, by capt. Hflman in 44 day*, we
ha re the latest news. No firitifh fleet wat thfii
[ cruising off the harbor—and the French fleet un~
» der Richery, were taking on board their fmalljlack
I prepaiatory to failing.—They txpefted to proceed
to sea the next ttoy after capt. Hilman failed. -There
n wa* no positive.new* at Cadiz of the capture of any
American vessels by the Algerines. One had been
chafed—and it is uncertain what would have beea
® her fate, bad the pirate overtaken her. It cannot
1 pefitively be said (he would hare been taken.
n From Si. Thomas—tit learn by capt. Young,
l = that it was tolerably healthy, notwithstanding the
19 late flory we had of the plague being there. La.
£ Penfee French frigate, which lately had an engage
-0 ment with an English frigate, was lying there, with
it two other French frigate*, jull from Cape Fran
is coil. '
1 NJEW-YORK, Septembsr JO.
We are informed, that judge Benfon has Jccept
ed the Sppointmenr of third cornmiflioner for fet
tling the true St. Croix river. He is to proceed
>f immediately for Portland, where he will embark for
St. Andrews, to meet the other commissioners.
:n Trenjlated frem French paper/.
ARMY or HALT.
y Extract of a letter frem general Buonaparte, com*
mander in chirt" of the army of Italy, to the
:e Executive Dircftory.
®> ' Head-Quarters at Roverbella,
£ 17thMeflidor, (July 6.)
y Citizens DireStrs,
- s Since the commencement of the campaign, we
a * have taksn from tbeen«my, £0 pieces of field ar»
tillery, 619 pieces of besieging cannon. Total 679.
- 1 " I have ordered the inventories to be taken, an<J
'* forwarded to you.
1,1 BUONAPARTE
\C —
to Letter from the fame to the fame.
a Head-Quarter* at Roverbella,
»BthSdclfidor, (July 7.)
ar Citizens Dire3erj,
e " After the battle of Borghetto, the enemy retir»
°' ed in the high mountains, in order to 'secure the
palfes of the Tyrol; they had fortified their lines
with a great deal of care, between lake Gardea and
the Adige. Maffena ordered general Joubert to
e " attack the enemy by Baichetta di Campion. The
lf > chief of battalian, Marchaud, marched and'turned
rc the enemy's right, whieh was the signal of attack.
' le . With trailed arms, and without firing a Tingle (hot,
o! our soldiers clambered the crag* of the rock*, killed
t0 100 men, took aoo prifoncrs, with 400 tents, and
ve all their baggage.
la " During this time, the chief of battalion, Reeco,
an officer of the greatest bravery, turned the ene»
,e » my's left, instantly took the excellent poGtion Be
>ne lona, killed 300 men, asd made 70 prisoner*. The
cc * enemy abandoned their intrenchment* in 6 minute*.
e '" We destroyed the works, so that X month's fatigue
a " was loft in an instant. This i* the firft battle which
Ja " has taken place between the two armie* since the
new general has commanded the enemy.
J*> I (hall soon attack the Auftrians, who hold the
at lake Gardes. BUONAPARTE.
tier __
er Letter from the' fame to the fame.
rl y ' Head-Quarters at Roverbetla,
cnt i.BthMeflid«r, (July 7.)
oUixens DireSors,
ca * This instant I am informed, that the garrison of
!0 ' Mantua made a forlit} but they returned fafter
a " than they came out. They left 50 dead behind
0,11 them. BUONAPARTE,
ll-
«faiettb of the united states marine list.
im- .
PHILADELPHIA, September ft,
war
itc
rce ARRIVED, day*,
j j Brig Lady Walterftorff, Guttetfon, St. Croix i»
Ann, Ricard, St. Thomas 16
lere B«tfey, Ennis, Aujuftine 9
>or Schr. Kitty & Maria, Logan, Port-a*-Princc ai
the v CLEARED.
are, Ship Greyhound, Green, X Fayil
1- r Brig M»ry, Earl, Hamburgk
*: Schooner Lutle Tom Butler, Thomas, Perth-Amboy
110 " Azariah, Blum, Edeoton
Winthrop, Gilman, Boftaa
f ree Olive, Dunkwiter, do.
Lindo, lngraham, New-York.
mI " Nenpareil, Hamlin. Norfolk
cers Slsop Nancy, Hineckley, BoAott
i it -- Boston, September 14.
leßt Arrived, Schr. Redress, Hilman, Cadiz, 44
il »f day*. Left there, capt. Stewart of Philadelphia ;
1 all his brig had been run down bj a Spanish man of
i re- war, and damaged so as to ruin her cargo ; Wuite,
and Atkins, and Fairchild of Boston ; capt. Abramt of
:on- Bolton had failed for Gibraltar ; captc. Maync, Sc.
:h I Hooper, of Marblehcad, had failed for Gavoone.—
t of Aug. 24, long. 54, lat. 41, 30, spoke (hip Jane
:ers, 35 day* from Liverpool for Baltimore. Sept. 6,
and eng. 64, experienced a most violent gale of wind,
1 of which lasted 14 hour*; directly after law 2 difmaft
nta- ed velTels. Sept. 14, saw a dilmatlcd (hip (land
ing for Cape Ann.
Brig Juno, Atkins, IlkofMay, 42 day*. Lefir
Ship John Bulkley, Stockley, of Philadelphia.
Capt. Homer, from St. Übes, spoke snow 'Wil
liam, Snow, of Bolton, going into St. Übe 3,
August 26, spoke brig Liberty, Davi» , near
but Cape-Spitchell, bound up the Strtights.
efend August 18, spoke (hip Thomas Wilson, ' Mailey,'
15 daysSrojp South-Carolina, lat. 39, long 6s
♦