to fee those who differ frow them in fentimetit, in dir the peaceable enjoyment of that asylum which you du would ravish from them with so much inhumanity, ty' Consult, Sir, your own memory, and you will not lor doubt but those are the sentiments of the French (la mobility who idolized their king, more attached than ever to thor religious principle!, and whose greatest misfortune is to hare survived all that was dear to them. Consult your own-interest, ind per haps you will think it imprudent any longer to urge on a measure of which you yourfelf may by some un- to forefeen event be the victim. vu But I pass on to another object which is no less of important, as it concerns the law of nations. Per- a ] mit me. Sir, to a(k you, who is that writer that co has furnifhed you with that maxim so unknown un- thi til our days. " A neutral nation cannot grant an th< asylum to the enemies of a belligerent state, with- lef out " efTentially affe armed against the allied parties, and forbids grant ing them an asylum under the penalty of essential- fid Iy affecting the duties of alliance The other sub- I jests us only to the prohibition of favoring the one m ] of the belligerent powers. Neutrality, such as we to exercifeand such as has be«n defined by Puffendorf, m Grotius. See. is the political fitaation of a govern- ca ment, which, not furnifhing either directly or in- th directly, either troops, arms or succors, offenfive . te ordefenfive, to the belligerent powers, maintains with them its treaties and union, and commerce, without being affected by the rights of war, in its interior or exterior operations. It iB upon this basis that we have scrupulously re gulated our conduct to this day, and if, by an impo litic condescension, we should luffer ourselves at this tb moment, to deviate from those principles, fanftion- c ' ed byrfie laws af-Mtiwns, irkat- imam it/ hme »'<, that you will not immediately rou» tb« wwaftiren mig*t be which we tl ffcould lake against them, that still oo claim would vi be made which would at all disturb our political q tranquillity ; but doth the certainty of impunity I change the nature of a criminal attion ? Shall we 11 commit an aft of barbarity because we have no n caofe to fear that it will be avenged ? And what d then will be ihis new morality of nations if fucb r principles are to be eflablifhed in place of the rights b of nature, of those of humanity, and of thefacred si precepts of religion ? No, Sir, I dare allure you a that we (hall do honor to ourselves in refpefting the '] unfortunate, and the only courage we (hall want, b will be the courage to expose ouifelves to the flings b of rertiorfe. . a 1 know that they cannot this moment object to t us the example of a sovereign, who connected to r the house of Bourbon by the dearest ties ef blood r has yet consented to theexpulfion of the emigrants f from all his stateS ; but it will not be the mediators f «f the pacification of Prufiia or of Spain, who will t cite to me a treaty diftited byforee and fubferibed s by weaknjfs ; a treaty whi£h was the ahufc and not the right of victory ; a treaty ilL&iie, which highly eenfured by yourowil citizens, provokes an unfver fal indignation against the conquerors, and weakens a sentiment of the tenderefl interest in favor of the vanquilhed. And whither would you, that these unfortunate grangers should go, if banished from theit country t where they could find only a si affold, and driven from the land where the terror of your arms gives 1 the Jaw foj; their profcriptioo, they are still repulsed from neutral dates where their supplications de- ( mand less the right of existence than the tranquilli ty of the tomb ? Shall we behold those tboufands of old men, of women, and of children, who, with , the little of their misfortunes, have cast themselves | upon our hospitable territory, shall we, without hor ror, behold them hopeless of an adytum but in the . Dens of Savages, and without any fubfiftepce but that which they mult dispute for with beads of the sorest ? Ah, do not doubt fir, you have known them in the hour of prosperity : we do not doubt, we who for seven years have observed them under j the trials of adversity, we do not doubt but that their lad sigh would be a prayer for their perfecu- ] tors—But, even their prayers would not disarm the . hand of the Eternal—their bones scattered over our foil would call for the vengeance of Heaven up on us, and upon our posterity, and the tending cry of our confsiences would be but the commencement of our puuifhment. I am, See. * We have copied this answer from the " Uni rerfal Mercury," of Frankfort; but as this piece is without signature, we may, without any impropri- ' ety, doubt its authenticity. We give it#ir what it ' is worth. < i FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE. Saturday, July 23. i Downing-street. Jtily 33. 1 The letters, of which the following are copies, 1 have been received from the honourable William Frederick Wyndham, bis majesty's envoy extraor- n dinary and minister plenipotentiary to the grand u duke of Tufcany, and from Mr. Udny, his majes ty's consul at Leghorn, by the right honourable t lord Grenville, his majesty's principal secretary of h state for the department of foreign affairs, d — e Florence, June 2?. j is My Lord, v! I have the honour to inform your lordlhip, that 1,01 e on'the 1 &th instant the French entered Bologna, to - 1. to the number of about 15,000 men, having pre vioufiy sent before them a commissary and a troop fs of cavalry, to demand entrance into the city, with •- a promise of treating it in a friendly manner. In ffA] tt confequenee, being mailers of the town and fortrefs, I- they made the ganifon prisoners of war, and sent 1 n them under escort into the Milancfe. The Pope's Mr l- legate, they immediately ordered to quit the Bolog- X° ; " nefc - ' g On receiving this information, I immediately " n waited on the prime minister, Scratti, and the mar- | at{ i. quis Manfredni, to koow whether his royal high, be d ness had any intelligence of an intent of the French rea n to march into Tufcany, or to garrison Leghorn { - ft and I had the most positive assurances from both, :s that the French had no idea at present of entering ' ( :e into Leghorn. t. I own, my Lord, that Ido not place much con- 0 r 1. fidence in their promises of not coming to Leghorn ; anc j. I have therefore thought proper to write to the ad- obi le miral my sentiments to that effect, requeding him re to leave some vessels at Leghorn, to carry off the f, merchants and British fubjefts, with their effects, in wa 1. cafe of a fuddeD invasion. 1 have likewise desired f a y j. the consul to convene the British factory, and to the ,e . tell them not to rely too mi\ch on French faith. )s I have the honour, See. f> W. F. WYNDHAM. ts — Florence, June 2J. e _ My Lord, 0 . I have the honour to inform pour lordship, that th ig the situation of affairs in this country i 3 materially n . changed: the neutrality of thejgrand fluke, which, e -—;• "■ pan of the Directory at Paris, and their miniiler here, we had reason to ex e, would be religiously refpefled, has been open- ro Id ly violated, by the march of a considerable body of e. French troops to Pidoia, the dellinationof which, f' l e " I have reason to believe, sri/m a variety of concur- l ® e- ring circumstances, to be for Leghorn : indthe te ,fe public of Lucca has given intimation to this gov- ar b c ernment, that such is, undoubtedly, the project of ' j-' a . the French, The violation of the neutrality is so ur palpable, and the tneafures taken by the enemy so 111 (, e apparently hodile, as to make it probable that the la country will not escape contributions. I have omit to ted no means for forwarding information almolt v< ot daily to the CoHful and Admiral. P' .1. t I have the honour, Bcc. cl v . W. F. WYNDHAM. fr ve fr py f„ Florence, June 25. u My Lota- l'was this day informed by the Secretary of State that a column of French was on it's march he from Bologna, by the way of Piguano and Perugia, lat of which he did not know the number ; that ano »ve ther cotnmn confiding of between 8 and 9,000, u ild were to arrive this day at Piltoia : that the Mar :al quis ManWedini, who was dilpatched by the Grand ity Duke to Bologna on the instant with the »e rtrongplt remondrances, and ordered to use h'is ut- . no mod endeavors with Buonaparte and Salicetti to iat dissuade the French from entering Tufcany, had ( j cb received for answer, that no orders had been given its by the Diredlory at Paris to that effedl, and con- ed fequently it was not rn their power to dootherwife ; ou and all that they would do, was to pass through he Tufcany as speedily, friendly, and quietly as pofli- nt, ble, and by whatever road his royal highness should igs be pleased to didlate ; but that the commiffanes and two generals of the marching to Pif to toia, being arrived there, have declared to the gene to ral Strafoldo (who was sent by the grand duke to ( od meet them, and to give the necessary ordeu to in- its sure tranquility) that they have no orders to receive ors from the grand duke, and do not know the route they shall take—a circumstance utteily impossible, f >ed as they precede the army to obtain provisions. lot I have the honour, &c. , illy __W. F. WYNDHAM. J er " ' . ~ ens On board his Majesty's ship the Incondaat, Leghorn Road, June 27. | My Lord, a,e In consequence of the intelligence which 1 re- : fy ceived on the 24th instant, from the Hon. Wra. ven Frederick Wyndham, his Majesty's Minister at ves Florence, and from my different Emissaries on the f Roads, that there was a considerable probability, that the French would enter Leghorn ; I immcdi- J ately called a meeting of the Gentlemen of the j Factory, and communicated to them the above ( I' 1 ' 1 mentioned information, and if equal attention had ( ve ® been paid to it by all as was done by the principal lor " Members, the lots would have been far lefsoonfider- ( the able, lam happy, however, to be able to inform ( hut your Lordship, that by the extraordinary exertions ' which have been made, and in pa'tieular by captain iwn Freemaotle, commanding his Majesty's ships in thr ] 'bt, Mole, twenty three in number, together with great er part of the valuable effects in the ware-houses, and hat about two hundred and forty oxen for the use of cu " his Majesty's fleet, have in the' eourfe of two days | t ' ,e and nights, been saved. ver I have the honour, &c. U P* JOHN UDNEY. cry ent Vidlory, off Toulon, July i. rni- My Lord ' ej s Having seen the factory and English fubjefts, and the convoy, with their valuable effects carried tjt into Corsica, I proceeded in his Majesty's fh'ip In constant, capt. Fretmantle, to receive the Coßiman- , der in Chief's inftruftions for my future govern ment in the service of his Majesty's fleet, and ha ving received Sir John Jervis's ordets, I am return ing immediately to Corsica, in his Majesty's ship In constant, to rejoin the factory and exccute his com ies, mands. am I am, &c. tor-] JOHN UDNEY. ■JMI UMI- JIIWHHDWiH ' ■ I Ship. Philadelphia, 1° % { 1 , 5 WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1796 37 — 3 Married, on Sunday evening, by the Right Rev Dr. ' 5 White, Edward Stilis, Esq. to Mrs. Ma*v MerediTb, 3 both of thi» city. 1 ,on Monday evening, by the Right Rev. Dr. Shipl White, Mr. Howard Thomson, merchant, to Mis» Ann , Renshaw, bpth of this city. j .. ■, on Tuefdaj evening, by the Rev. Dr. Collin, j Dodtor William Pennell, to Miss Dorothea S. Gra- j ham, both of Chester, Delaware County. q, PitD, at the George Inn, in this city a few days ago, 1 Mr. Farren, a young Englishman, Utely arrived at New- 38 b Yoik, and whom curiosity had led to vilit this metropolis. j. His ilineft was ftort, and his death unexpeitcd. 1 ■< , in Kentucky, Craig Miller, Esq. late profefior ._ in the few lit Edinburgh. His lady, daughter of the ' r 1 [ate celebrated Dr. Cullen of Edinburgh, had the grief to dcr ' be apprized of his sudden death at JLancafter, haviug prep 1 reached so far eti her way to the place he was fettling. to J. . ,at his house in this city, lad evening, Chriilian wgJ Febieer, Esq. Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Penn- . : m ' Such a dreadful tendency has the excefliye use of White . Paint, that a Young Lady of this city died in confequcnce ' of its effects on Monday last. Aa European by birth, pout ! and unaccustomed to the heat of the climate, Ihe has been f - obliged, to preserve a confident appearance, to renew the that 1 fatal application several times during the day.—She was j ate „ seized with violent tremors, which were fuceeedtd by p convulsions, and the doctor was of opinion that painting 1 was the immediate cause of her death. We are ferry to men 5 fay lhc has left an indigent, helpless mother, to lament two j the prematnre loss of trie pi op of her exigence, as this coil, unfortunate victim to pride and vanity, fupportcd her felt end mother by working as a tailorefs. [Ind. — \ COMMERCIAL. 1 — tling The following hjj been published by dire&ioa of imir t the Secretary of State. St. DONA MARIA, by the Grace of God, Qwen [ #f Fortugel, &e. BE it Itnown to all, that having taken into my jr xt i_ royal confederation the many and important advan- n ,stages that uauft necessarily result to the. commerce je , of the fubje&s of these kingdoms and dominions, .. is the establishment of a free port; and coafidering .. that the port of Lisbon, from its fittution, fccurity r . and facility to the navigation of the occan, cxceeds g ,f ■ thofeof other nations who have adopted fuchefta- j, avi blifhmcnti; conforming myfclf with the advice of t ;jj e 'o my royal board of commerce, agriculture, manu c f»£tures and navigation, of these kingdoms and its s on t . dominion!, and of other pcvfor.s of my council fl( very learned and zealous of my service and of the public good ; it is my royal will and pleasure to cftablifh at Ja queira, near the city of Lisbon, a free port, which is to have its entire and full cfFcft from the 111 of January 1797 : having destined for its adminiftiation, and other ptirpofes thereunto be- l Winging, the houses and ware-hoiSfcs of the fort of e( j ; , St. John, with the territory adjacent, for the build- p a fl 3 , ing of further peceffary accommodations, in which w ; t may be rrceivcd and depofitcd all merchandizes and t j, e a ' goods of every nature and quality soever, as well att . trotn foreign (excepting, for the present, 3 ' sugar a»d tobacco) *s from, national poits, that are t j, e situ. ted beyond the Cape-os-Good-Hope, at the "" will of the proprietors, either for confnmption of our le these realms, having made due entry according to IO( 1 l/tw and paid the lawful duti« at the refpe&ive a jj, j Customhouses; or if exported to foreigß or na ' tioiial ports beyond the said Cape-os-Good-Hope, an paying only, for the benefit of my royal revenue, and usder the title of proteftioo and depolit, one j on Y per ccnt. on the value of ftlch mcrshandize, See. en( according to the invoice, which the captains of vel- yy fels or those who may have the consignment (hall vVa present and manifeft, and by them fig ed and qua- [j a , ."j. s lifted under their oath 5 Subsisting however the li- ne , berty of Franquia to all vcffels that shall demand it, according to the regulations and orders observed -at ] 3 j, the Cu(torn house of this city : fuppreifingall other du.ies, and annulling every regulation and order ve whatever, contrary or opposed to the said liberty , of franchife that forms the advantage of this present e ' establishment. And in order to animate and promote in this ca pital the importance of a great plenty of articles of jy| the firft oeceflity, it is my will to declare, that all t j, ; forts of grain and p.'ovifions that ore exempt from (Jj, paying duties of entry, shall not only enjoy the li berty of exportation, but (hall be free from the „ payment of the above mentioned contribution im r£" posed on the other articles. m " In cafe the ciown of Portugal shall be at war with any power whatever, whose fubje&s are inte e rcfted in the goads, merchandizes, See. in the free ''J.' port, in which enumeration are to be comprehended the above mentioned grains and provisions, there le shall be made no avrcft, embargo, sequestration, or g c ,v< j reprisal on such goods or merchandizes, but on the ia contrary they shall remain exempt, free, and secure, Sh as if they were in the pofTeflion of their refpedive ® r owners, to dispose of them as they shall judge most !m convenient to their interests. The administration of the above mentioned free V" P°rt shall be put under the infpc&ion of an admi r in tl rat or general, with those competent officers si ea ' whom it will be my pleasure to appoint. And it n is my will that this administration be independent 0 of every jurifdi&ion, excepting only the tribunal »f di i y s my royal Board of Commerce, through which all hi the necessary orders shall be expedited, and all re- w prefentat ions made to me tending to maintain ind A preserve the good faith of this establishment, in con- B tormity with the particular regulation* which I h have ordered to be formed for the government of A the above mentioned administration and its officers, 3 i Sf and to serve as a rule to the captains of vessels and « ied their agents, in the importation and exportation of w ] n all merchandizes which are to enjoy the advanta- «i an- ges of this free port. it rn- ■■■!—Mm in a : BY THIS DAY'S* MAIL. In- _____ J] jm- BOSTON, September x 6. The Spaniards have a large fleet equipped, but ( we conceive the equipment rather intended to defend than ojftnd. They have sow actually «rnied. i • " Ships Guns Ships Gum Ship: Guns i o * iiz i J4 1 ?? i 94 3 4° * 2 o J i 5 8o 4 3 6 11 37 73 3' 34 7 3 68 2 3° 9 . * 5 64 . 3 a 6 1 »P > 3 5 8 Their riifarmed *e(!cls are, Shipt Gum Ships Gum Ship* Guns ' i >36 7 74 ? 2 * 1 in 5 34 2 ?? •1 94 1 3 2 4 J * 1 8b > 30 The whole Spanish n»*y con fifts of 7$ ftiipi of the line, 53 frigates, 9 coivettes, Jo Xebtques, - 38 brig*, 6 packet boats, and 97 /huller vessels. From Cadiz, by capt. Hflman in 44 day*, we ha re the latest news. No firitifh fleet wat thfii [ cruising off the harbor—and the French fleet un~ » der Richery, were taking on board their fmalljlack I prepaiatory to failing.—They txpefted to proceed to sea the next ttoy after capt. Hilman failed. -There n wa* no positive.new* at Cadiz of the capture of any American vessels by the Algerines. One had been chafed—and it is uncertain what would have beea ® her fate, bad the pirate overtaken her. It cannot 1 pefitively be said (he would hare been taken. n From Si. Thomas—tit learn by capt. Young, l = that it was tolerably healthy, notwithstanding the 19 late flory we had of the plague being there. La. £ Penfee French frigate, which lately had an engage -0 ment with an English frigate, was lying there, with it two other French frigate*, jull from Cape Fran is coil. ' 1 NJEW-YORK, Septembsr JO. We are informed, that judge Benfon has Jccept ed the Sppointmenr of third cornmiflioner for fet tling the true St. Croix river. He is to proceed >f immediately for Portland, where he will embark for St. Andrews, to meet the other commissioners. :n Trenjlated frem French paper/. ARMY or HALT. y Extract of a letter frem general Buonaparte, com* mander in chirt" of the army of Italy, to the :e Executive Dircftory. ®> ' Head-Quarters at Roverbella, £ 17thMeflidor, (July 6.) y Citizens DireStrs, - s Since the commencement of the campaign, we a * have taksn from tbeen«my, £0 pieces of field ar» tillery, 619 pieces of besieging cannon. Total 679. - 1 " I have ordered the inventories to be taken, an chief of battalian, Marchaud, marched and'turned rc the enemy's right, whieh was the signal of attack. ' le . With trailed arms, and without firing a Tingle (hot, o! our soldiers clambered the crag* of the rock*, killed t0 100 men, took aoo prifoncrs, with 400 tents, and ve all their baggage. la " During this time, the chief of battalion, Reeco, an officer of the greatest bravery, turned the ene» ,e » my's left, instantly took the excellent poGtion Be >ne lona, killed 300 men, asd made 70 prisoner*. The cc * enemy abandoned their intrenchment* in 6 minute*. e '" We destroyed the works, so that X month's fatigue a " was loft in an instant. This i* the firft battle which Ja " has taken place between the two armie* since the new general has commanded the enemy. J*> I (hall soon attack the Auftrians, who hold the at lake Gardes. BUONAPARTE. tier __ er Letter from the' fame to the fame. rl y ' Head-Quarters at Roverbetla, cnt i.BthMeflid«r, (July 7.) oUixens DireSors, ca * This instant I am informed, that the garrison of !0 ' Mantua made a forlit} but they returned fafter a " than they came out. They left 50 dead behind 0,11 them. BUONAPARTE, ll- «faiettb of the united states marine list. im- . PHILADELPHIA, September ft, war itc rce ARRIVED, day*, j j Brig Lady Walterftorff, Guttetfon, St. Croix i» Ann, Ricard, St. Thomas 16 lere B«tfey, Ennis, Aujuftine 9 >or Schr. Kitty & Maria, Logan, Port-a*-Princc ai the v CLEARED. are, Ship Greyhound, Green, X Fayil 1- r Brig M»ry, Earl, Hamburgk *: Schooner Lutle Tom Butler, Thomas, Perth-Amboy 110 " Azariah, Blum, Edeoton Winthrop, Gilman, Boftaa f ree Olive, Dunkwiter, do. Lindo, lngraham, New-York. mI " Nenpareil, Hamlin. Norfolk cers Slsop Nancy, Hineckley, BoAott i it -- Boston, September 14. leßt Arrived, Schr. Redress, Hilman, Cadiz, 44 il »f day*. Left there, capt. Stewart of Philadelphia ; 1 all his brig had been run down bj a Spanish man of i re- war, and damaged so as to ruin her cargo ; Wuite, and Atkins, and Fairchild of Boston ; capt. Abramt of :on- Bolton had failed for Gibraltar ; captc. Maync, Sc. :h I Hooper, of Marblehcad, had failed for Gavoone.— t of Aug. 24, long. 54, lat. 41, 30, spoke (hip Jane :ers, 35 day* from Liverpool for Baltimore. Sept. 6, and eng. 64, experienced a most violent gale of wind, 1 of which lasted 14 hour*; directly after law 2 difmaft nta- ed velTels. Sept. 14, saw a dilmatlcd (hip (land ing for Cape Ann. Brig Juno, Atkins, IlkofMay, 42 day*. Lefir Ship John Bulkley, Stockley, of Philadelphia. Capt. Homer, from St. Übes, spoke snow 'Wil liam, Snow, of Bolton, going into St. Übe 3, August 26, spoke brig Liberty, Davi» , near but Cape-Spitchell, bound up the Strtights. efend August 18, spoke (hip Thomas Wilson, ' Mailey,' 15 daysSrojp South-Carolina, lat. 39, long 6s ♦