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THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD.
EDITED QY SIMON SYNTAX, ESQ
All contributions to this column must be addressed
to "Simon Syntax, Box 33, Bedford, Pa."
TRUE AMBITION.
Ambition, with fairy-like power, seems to call
forth not only the extant powers of our minds,
but actually creates new life, new thought, and
gives to us the energy and perseverance, which
are needed to accomplish our wishes. Earthly
• ambition, scorns to evince itself in our' enrlics
childhood, causing us to feel anxious and emu
lous to' excel our young competitors, in all games
and plays that are suitable to our age. From
that time forward we aro more or loss influenced
by its syren voice, to contend cither nobly or
ignobly on the battle field of life, for the posses
sion of pleasures, riches and worldly glory, such
as they then nppear to our dazzled vision and
excited Imagination. If thus enfthly ambition,
which comes with our beings, and clings to us
tenaciously, could in all cases bo turned info the
proper channel and made the sure basis upon
which the structure of true anAition should rest
in. how different would not only our feelings, but
our hopes and our fates. Ambition seems
to admit of t wade visions—true and false.' False
ambition springs not so much from an evil heart,
as from one that has been badly trained ; and in
many instances so sadly neglected, as to deprive
* it of all wholesome thought, all honorable aim.
In infancy and youth, wo commence our first
lessons, not only of mental but of moral training;
and hpon the nature of our first impressions, de
pends much of our after happiness or misery. It
is then that false or true ambition will be engen
dered into our beings, and our future career be
made either honorable or dishonorable, by the
influence of those who act as our preceptors.—
to give proper impulses to others, wo must first
feel and experience them ourselves j otherwise
our advice will prove cold and fruitless, produc
ing neither pleasure no benefit. For if wo nev
er follow out in our own regard, the advico,
which wo so freely tender others, they will nat
urally lose confidence, and withdraw their respect
and affection from us.* In order to do this our
own early training-should be of the most unex
ceptionable character, our own hearts pure.—
Thus we see that scholarship alone is not the
only requisite to make 1 lie true teacher. They
•should feel a disinterested affection for those
with -whom they labor, a strong desire to impart
not only knowledge, bat to plant the germ of all
future greatness and goodness, a true and well
directed ambition. If then our earthly happi
ness and usofuluess cannot be successfully at
tained, by any other means, than through a
proper and well guided ambition why is it that
Parents and Teachers seo:n to give the subject
BO little attention ? why do they pass it by, as
something most excellent to theorize about, but
seldom attempt to test its worth, by practice or
experience. In the homo circle, even more than
in the schoolroom do children show their natural
. dispositions and inclination. There at least they
feel free, to act in accordance, with the impulses
of their natures, and to give vent to every thought
untarnished by deceit or dissimulation. At
home, and at home only, can the good work be
begun, by those who love us most, and therefore
whose affection should even prompt them, to la
bor most devotedly, and sincerely for our Hikes.,
It has been said, and wisely said, that that
which wo truly love, we study, think upon, and
watch with an eagerness and anxiety which to
the cold and selfish may appear almost incred
ible. If this assertion bo true, and I doubt it
not, how many misguided persons there are in
the world according to that standard. For al
though all profess to love, yet, in reality, how
few ever attempt to study the peculiar turn of
mind, tastes, habits, or ambition of those indi
viduals placed bnnenih their care and protec
tion. If true friendship can prompt us to make
many sncrilices, can cause us to feel watchful
and solicitous for the welfare of those to whom
vyo devote ourselves, how much more eager and
deep should he. the love of parents for their chil
dren. Their bvc, like the emerald, which poets
say spring from the depths of the sea, should
also arise from the depths of their hearts, and
prove, by its constancy and brightness, its truo
beauty, its true aim.
Ih the schoolroom, the intelligent, zealous and
conscientious teacher may do much towards en
deavoring to cradicato evil habits by arousing
proper impulses, ami thus lay a secure founda
tion for truo ambition, llut this he cannot ac
complish unloss he is aided by the parent and
the effects of good homo inlfucnco. To the cx
nmplo aud efforts of virtuous parents and teach
ers, wo not only owe the groat and good of our
own age, but that of all preceding ages. No
individual ever has attained, or ever will attain,
any standard of excellence without the kindly
assistance of parent, friend or teacher. To God
weowo our existence, and to our natural pro
tectors, the instrument ol his mercy in our re
gard, we owe our education, our usefulness and
our future greatness. Man may boast of his
independence, ef his freedom, but by n wise and
inscrutable law, framed by the Giver of all laws,
each creature must depend one upon another,
without regard to race, clime, quality or distinc
tion. Since, then, we arosodepondent, so uni
ted as it were by ties which we cannot sever,
and governed by laws that we neither can sub
vert or understand, why do we hot try to make
that state prescribed for ourselves and others a
-pleasant journey, a happy pilgrimage', the ter
mination of which will bo but the beginning of
a new existenco, a purer, a holier state? To the
heartless worldling, this language wilt appear
absurd and foolish; in bis heart no echoing an
swer will be found, except such as would create
discord and bring disgrace upon hi:, manhood.
And let me ask, why is he thus hardened, thus
alienated, thus worried and tempest tossed by
the many and sudden changes to which wo arc
all exposed? Because his early education was
wrong, his homo influence of a spurious char
acter, and his ambition misplaced- To these
three evils, but especially to the latter, can wo
well attribute his falsa ideas, bis false conduct,
and his still falser position. If, thcit, we would
** * • * * •/. *' r-r f . ' f . 1 l* wO " % '
VOLUME 3t>.
NEW SERIES
avoid the misforttino of such a fate, wo must
ask ourselves this serious question : What is
ambition f To what does it lead? True
ambition seems to me to he hut the active,, and
working agent of that inner voice, called con
science. When conscience prompts us to med
itate upon some good and noble deed, some
philanthropic net, does not ambiton como for
wnrd with its plentiful help to assist us in ac
complishing each higliminded resolvo, each gen
erous thought! Thus showing the beautiful
unanimity that naturally exists between our
conscience and our ambition. Hand in hand
they go, most mysteriously blended together for
our safety and protection. The one, a sure and
silent monitor, the other a willing hut powerful
actor. If then we acknowledge this truth, and
resign ourselves to the guardianship of two such
guides, need we doubt our safety, need we
ask our destiny? MotUi'nks not, with two such,
helmsmen we can well rest secure. Storms may
and will arise, but, with the eye of laifh, we
will still turn to those loved and trusted oneh,
to steer us to that promised haven, to that land
of peace and rest. With this bright trust, this
fixed and firm hope, our lives shall ho lives of
usefulness, and our death hut entrance into eter
nal joys, there to forever realize, without doubt
or pain, the true nature of all our dreams, our
hopes, and our ambition.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE-
To the Ben ito and Htttse of Represent itives of the
CommonioeMi if Penniulonaia.
Gkntiemek :
Tlio past year has afforded us new cause of tnmk
fuhnsi to the Almighty for the moral ami materi
al o'essings which ho has bestowed upda us.
The balance in the treaiafy No
vember 30, 1862, wis $2,172,84110
Receipts during fiscal voir end
ing November 80, 1803 4,289.451 05
Total in Trenlinrj for lineal rear
ending No vein her 80, 1803, 6,402,295 75
The payments lor tiie satne peri
od have been ' 4,814,904 05
Batmen in Treasury November
80, 1803 2,147,331 70
The operations 1 the sinking fund during the
last rear have been shown by nry Procla nation ol
the Bth day of September list, us followt :
Amount of debt Commonwealth
redoed * " $954,720 40
As fOlh'WS, VZ ! •
Coupon Loan Act, May
4, 1802 100,000 00
Vivo per cent 790,716 50
Focr and tine half
per cent 03,000 Oo
Relief notes cancelled 953 00
Domestic creditoss' certi
ficates . 18 00
Interest Certificates
paid 27 90
$954,720 40
Amount of pniiiie d bt
of Pennsylvania as it
sfood ou the Ist clay
of Decern her, 1802 $10,443,218 82
Deduct amount redeemed
at the State Treasury
during tho fiscal year,
ending with November
30, 1803, viz :
Five per cent.
stocks $888,499 78
Four and a
half por cent
stocks 63,900 00
Relief notes 109 'OO
Domestic erod
iters' certiU
cafes 8 20
$961,017 04
Pnftlio debt December Ist, 1863, $79,490,690 78
funded debt, viz s
0 pur cent, loaus $109,080 00
Funded debt viz .-
5 per cunt, loans 35,709,936 45
Funded debt, viz .-
4j per cent loans 1168.201) 00
$30,378,816 45
Unfunded d-ht, viz :
Relief notes in circula
tion $97,261 00
Interest certificates
outstanding 15,356 58
Interest certificates .
nnclti filed 4,418 38
Domestic creditors!?
certificates W 724 82
$117,780 33
$80,490,690 78
Military Lean per Act of May
loth, 1801 $3,000,000 00
Total indebtedness $39,496,690 78
By the act of loth May, 1861 authorizing the
ndlitnrr loan o! $3,000,000, a tax of one half mill
was laid on real and personal property,- to furnish a
fund' for redeeming the same. I recommend that
the commissioners of the sinking fund lie directed
to invest flic proceeds of the tax ill State loan, so
that It may he drawing interest, to bo in like in in
ner invested, or that lliev should apply sued pro
ceeds directly to the pure into of certificates of
the military loan, and cancel such certificates us
shall lie purchased.
Although our finances arc sliil in n healthy con
dition, it is necessary to invite tin soriuus attention
of the tiegi'latnro to tho consideration of tbu means
nf maintaining thein unimpaired in futiiro.
By tlie act of 12th June, 1840. it was provided
that the interest on the State loans should iilw iy
he paid in specie or its equivalent, and that when
ever the funds in tho Treasury giiould lie of less
Value than specie, tho diffetencu In value should lie
asceitained ami coriittd to the Governor, who
should thereupon issue his warrant to the agents or
banks authorized to pay such interest on behalf of
the Commonwealth, to allow such difference to par
ties receiving the interest, or at tho option of the
parties to pay the same in specie.
By tho act of 11th April, 186*2, it was provided
that foi the purpose of paving in specie or Its
equivalent, all inteiest that shoit'd thereafter be
due by the Commonwealth, as required by the act
of 12th Juno, 1840, the several oanks who should
avail themselves of the provisions of that act, ot
(1 1 tii Apiil, 1862,) and who should refuse to redeem
their notes in spoelc, bmd.-mmd, at auy time with
in ton days upon or after the time when such inter
est should become din, should thereafter, whan re
quited by the 8 ate Treasurer, by notice in writing,
pay Into tin State Treasury, in proportion to the
capital stock paid in of each bank, their latahie
proportion ot such premium for gold or its equiva
lent, ns should have been actually pi id by U3
State.
By tho act of tho 80th January, 1863, it wat. pro
vided that the State Treasurer should exchange
with thn tanks an amount of currency sufficient to
pay the interest on the State debt falling dua on
Freedom of ttuioa.
BEDFOtUigkIgUDAY MOKIpfIANUARY 22, 1864.
the first days ot February and tor
the same amount of coin, and shouBHL; to thj
hank., specie certificates ot
shle, pledging the laltlj ot the State VmK said
coin in exchange fir notes current on
or before the first Monday of
ccrtfiicfttes to bear Interest At the rate opNnHfeat.
per annum.
Under the provisions of the act of WHBliin
banks pi id into ibe State Treasury $ HO,?jljKfh us
an < quiv dent for coin lor the payment^p^u terest
on the public debt.
Under the not of 1883, specie certificates have
been given to the hunks, amounting in the whole to
$1,308,804 97, which with tbo securing interest,
will (all duo on the first Monday ot March next.
As the provisions of this act wore of u tempora
ry character, the ooly acts now in force on thy sub
ject are tuose of 1840 and 1888, ahovo mentioned,
under which it will be the duty of the State author
ities to pay tho Interest on tbo Ist February. 1884,
and thereafter, in coin or its equivalent, aitd look
to tho banks that may bo liable uuder the net of
1808 for reimbursement of thy premium paid by the
Commonwealth.
In the face of all difficulties, this Commonwealth,
actuated hy a sentim tut which dors its people honor
lias hitherto paid its Interest in coin or its nquiva
lent. Existing circuntstauces make it noivssary to
consider now the fair extent of her just obligations.
The exigencies of "the times have compelled the
Gov. rninent of the United Statds to In she large
amour,ts ot Treasury notc£ for circulation, which
are not redeemable in coin, and winch lortu the
great mars of our circulating medium.
It is our duty s a loyal State—it is our Interest
as a State whose welfare, and even safetv, depend
emphatically upon tire maintenance of tho credit
and the success of the military operations of the
g-ooral Government—to do nothing to impair its
credit or embarrass its measures. On the contrary
we otto it to oursolvaa and to our posteri'r to give
an active support to its offirts to quell the mon
strous lobellion which is still raging, aoo thus re
store peace to our distracted country.
It is our own Government, and v, j coul i not,
Without gross indeurey. attempt togefuso its cur
rency in payment of tnxos and other debts uuo to
the Commonwealth. ,
In lb#J the case was very (JJClrenl. The diflj
culties then arose from tho suspension ot specie
payments by cut Sta'e banks, mere local and pti
vntc corporations, and tho State very properly by
the act of that year, intended to provi'do against loss
to its creditors by reasonsef such suspensions. An
exigency like the present could not then have been
foreseen by the Legislature, and it is to be inferred
therefore that they could not have intended to tv>-
vide lor it.
We derive our system of public loans from
Eutopo, and tl o true extent ot our obllgatiotis is
to be n scoria toed by referring to the known estab
lished practice iof European governments priors to
tbo dutes when gar loans were iff.clad, I mean
of course governments as wore held
to have nmntaflMucir nation at credit.
It ts believed to been the it'iifoiiit pric'ice
of such governmotit4m)ay tbeir interest in piper
currency, however depreciated, during a legalized
suspension of specie pairueifis. An observable in
stil,,...) of litis is nH'otdud hiLfhe course of the
Brilih Government, which during twenty-five
years, Iront 17U7 to whien tlio b-uk.
was prohibited by law from paying out coin for
any purpose, paid the interest on its public debts
in hank notis, which dining a great part of that
time were at a heavy discount, soinetims amount
ing to 80 per cent, or thereabout. Their neces
sities then Were not greater than ours are now.
Among ourselves, at the present timo, .Massa
chusetts (whoso debt is believed to he very stuull)
pays tho interest in coin. Ohio and Indiana pay
in currency. In New York it is riot known what
will he done. Her Logbdatnro hv concurrent res
olution, ordered the inmost to tie paid in colu to
foreign stockholders, in April list.
At the present rate of premium on gull, the sunt
tiecossary to piy on tin amount sntiicietit to dis
charge too annual interest on the State debt, would
bo more than $1,000,000, and to meet this, addi
tional taxation to that extent wnui 1 ho unavoidable.
The demands on the Treasury fur other m><v-entry
purposes must probably be attcli as to render it
imprudent to throw any part ol this expenditure on
the existing surplus. To borrow money from year
to year to pay tlic interest ou past It ana would, of
course, bo wholy inartinissibV. To leave the act
of 1862 in force, and attest to ihrotv the pay
ment ol this large premium annually on the banks,
would be uot only ll.grantly unjust, but quite iin
practicable. I recommend tlio wuoio subject to the
careful and immediate consideration of the Legis
lature. Some I ig'slaiiott ought to bo had on It be
fore the close of the prcs'-nt. moulh. In inv opin
ion the Commonwealth wal have I'ldfli'ted her oil- !
[ ligations by prjvidlng for the payment of hm-in
terest in the currency of the Government. If the !
Legislature should think fit to continue to pav it '
in coin,it will be thdr duty to lovy forthwith tin; I
heavy taxes necussiry fir that purpose. I must !
in pissing observe that the plan adopted by one of I
the Stab s oi paying coin to foreign, and currency |
to domestic loan holders, appears to me lo lie who- |
liy unwise, and founded on no legilinitio principle, j
At the close of the last session, r.ineteon liillß i
renewing the eh,meters o< curtain hanks for an- 1
other pcri"d of ii-o years were presented to mi. i
Of these I have (lor poisons which willl he here-1
ufter communicated ) withhold my pignaturo from
one and tippioved the remaiuder. I have iieen led '
to sign thi on by iho considerations that the banks'
of tlni Commonwealth pay a largo revenue which I
the State can ill idler.l to lose, and that iu tiie i
present condition of tbo country it would be ira- j
politic to drive so much capital out of active use :
or force it into now employments.
If the National II inking system afford sufficient j
inducements, capital will voluntarily take that di- I
rection. It is proper to observe tUat the charac
tors of most ot t ie binks in question expire at an j
early period, wnilo in consequence of tbo invasion !
of the State, during thu last summer, they could ■
not have been reasonably expected to givo the nec- ,
esssry notice of renewed applications for re-cliar-'
tor.
I recommend nn extonsibn of tho time during
which the bnnks are now telieved from penalties
for not piying their obligations in coin.
Tho iucreased exprnses of liflng invito attention
to the salaries", of cur public officers- Those of
tho Secretary of the Commonwviltb, Auditor Gen
eral and Stnte Treasurer, and of tho Clerks in
their employment ate. In my opinion, too low,
especially us the exigencies of the times have gtnat
ly enhanced the labors end rusponsihlltfes ol all,
al.d In tho caao of tho heads of those departments,
enforce a constant attendance at Uarrishurg, which
was not formerly required.
Under the Act of 16th April, 1862, and Irs sup
. plemcnt passed April 22nd 1868, the Adjutant Gen
eral, Quartermaster General and Commissary Gen
\ era! haVe osen acting u.i the Board of Military Claims.
Tltcy havo, up to this time, approved claims tp
ibo amount of $166,416 81, and others have been
nlrendy presented to the further amount ot $382,
120 21), which have not yot haen acted on.
Under O0 Act of 22nd April, 1863, (P. L.
629.) the Court of Common Pleas, iippoluted
three appraisers to asceitain tho damage duuo in
the connties on the Southern horde* In-tho militia
nailed into service in September, 1862, hy the
Anderson Cavalry in the ainr.o month, and by thu
Ucbelsiu t.iair raid on the 10th uud 11th October,
1862.
The Appraisers havo not yet completed tho pcr
, f.trmance of their- duties. When their report
shall have been made to the Court ot Common
1 Fleas and affirmed, iu whole or in part, by the
court, it will be the duty oi tho Governor to claim
the payment of the amounts, from the Genera
Government, and on failure to secure the same,
Ihen to retiort to the next Legislature, reenm-i
mending such action as be may deem just ami
proper.
The expenses of tho Transportation and Tele
graph Deportment during the past year have been
us fellows :
Pttid (out of appropriation made .
by Military Loan act of 1561) .$13,658 87
Unpaid (the appropriation being ox
liausud) 15,764 79
Outstanding liabilities, estimated at 6,000 00
$34,423 06
These expenses have been mainly incurred in
keeping up tbe necesssty correspondence of the
military departments and In the transportation of
sick and wounded and the dead bodies of our vol
nnteerg, as will be Been by tho report of the Chief
of Transportation, herewith communicated. I
rocommem' au appropriation to meet the deficien
cy, and also to carry on the service of this depart
ment hereafter.
By theiblrteenth section.of the act of the 15th
May, 1861, the sum of $20,060 wss appropriated
to lie expended by the Governor tor the compen
sation <>l such persons aa be might require to serve
tho Commonwealth in tho railitiry organization ot
thubtrto or General Government, and for the ex
penses incident to the business In which they might
bojunployed.
I have, according to law, settled annual accounts
oltiio expenditure ol tins fund in the Auditor Gen
eral's ollice, to which the Legislature is referred.
The unexpended balance is now $1,521 98. A
firther sum should lie appropriated in like manner.
Out of tiiis fundi have paid the persons whom X
lonnd it necessary to employ in the military de
partment, and the expends of the agency which I
was compelled to establish at Washington to at
tend to tho interoat and wellarotof our volunteers.
The c.outiuuance of this agency and the estab
lishment of a smaller one in the West are of vital
importance to them. I recommend tho passage of
an uct authorizing the appointment of agents at
Washington and Nashville, and defining their du
ties, which should include the collection of all
bounties, back pay, pensions, etc., due to Penu
sylvanismf.
On tit is subject I refer the Legislature to tho
report ol Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, late Agent of
tlw'&fate, at Washington, herewith communicated
and Commend it to yout careful ex iraination.
On the iuvssien of the Stale during the last sum
mer, tho President made a call tor milttii,and with
his assent I subsequently made a call for volunteer
militia for the defense of the State. Under these
calls men were assembled and organized with
promptness, after the reality ot the emergency came
to lw understood by our people. Tbu general Gov
ernment clothed, uod subsisted this force, nu.l
nyeed to pay it, but as no appropriations for that
purpose had been made hy Congress, the President
and Secretary of War promise 1 if the money should
be advanced ftjnn other quarters to recommend its
immediate payment on 'he meeting of Congress.
It is understood that steps Itav . already been ta
ken to fulfil this pledge. Several of the banks
cheerfully and readilv advanced the necessary funds
to tiie amount of $671,47fi 43, ou my promise to
iTCtftutnend to the Legislature an sppronrmtion to
repay litem ia case Congross should fail to mako
otic. I accordingly make that recommendation
most emphatically. Should it ho necessary. I will
hereafter, In a special message, give the details and
correspondence relating In this subject.
New York an 1 New Jersey, under the Presi
dent's cad. sent regtm. Nts to assist in our defence,
for which our thanks are duo to those States, our
good neighbors.
After the battle of Gettysburg, in which loyal
volunteers from eighteen States, including Penn
sylvania, were engaged, it appeared to rq s proper
that all those State 3 should unite in establishing a
cemetery on the spot, in which their soldiefs who
had fallen in that conflict, should be honorablv in
terred. 1 accordingly appointed David Wills, Esq.,
of Gettysburg, my agent, and through him, a situ
was purchased at a cost of £3,476 37, and the
j conveyances made to the Commonwealth. On
j communicating with the authorities of tho other
1 States, they all readily agreed to become partiea
i to the arrangement, and on the 19th day of No
vember last, the cemetery was dedicated with ap-
I piopiiate ceremonies in the presence of the Pres
j ident of the United States, the Governors of the
; States concerned, ana other high officers, State and
fvational. On the 19th dav of December, on the
| invitation of Mr. Wills, commissioners represent-
I ing the States interested in the cemetery met in
j Harrisbure and agreed upon a plan for its improve-
I went and care in the future, and the apportion
ment of the sum oi money required, to the seve
i ral States, which is herewith communicaied. The
j expenses attending the establishment of this eem
l etery, including the cost of the site and of remov
ing the bodies of the slain, have thus far amount
ed to $5,209 38, and an appropriation will be re
quited to pay these expenses and to meet our por
tion of those attending its futui e maintenance. It
will eppear by the proceedings of the commission
er". that their due proportion of the expenses al
ready incurred are to be refunded by the States on
•whose account they were made. It is just to say
that Mr. Wills has discharged his delicate and im
portant duties with fidelity and to my entire sat
isfaction.
The act for the lelief of families of volunteers
in service may require some revision. It is alleg
ed that in some paits of the State the county au
thorities ate backward in executing the law. If
this bs so, the members from the different counties
will be aware of the fact, and will be most ready
to make such further enactments as may"he proper.
I commend tr. the prompt attention of the Legis.
latu'O the eul j.-ct of the relief of poor orphans of
our soldiers WHO have given, or shall (five their linis
to the country during this crisis. In my opinion,
their maintenance and education should he provided
for by the State. Failing other natural friends of
ability to provide for them, they should be honora
bly received and foetered ns children of the Com
monwealth. The $50,000 heretofore given by the
Pennsylvania Kail road Company, referred to in my
Inst nunual message, is s!ill unappropriated, and I
recommend that this sum, with snoh other means
AS the Legislature may think fit, be applied to this
end, in such manner as may be thought most ex
pedient and effective, la anticipation of the
adaption of a more perfrct system-, I recommend
that provision he made for securing the admission
of snch children into existing educational establish
ments, to be there clothed, ndrturod and instructed
at the public expense. 1 niaicn this rccomraenda
lidn earnestly, fooling assnred that in doing so, I
represent the wishes of the patriotic, the Benevo
lent and the good, of the Statu,
1 invito the attention of the Legislature to thu
condition of the loyal people of East Tennessee,
which is represented to be most deplorable, and ap
peahjvith irresistible force alike to your sympa
thies ami your nouso of justice. Their wholo coun
try has been laid waste by the contending armies of
the Government and the rebels. Four times large
armies have passed over that district, destroying or
carrying off all that had been gathered for the ap
proaching winter, and now the women and children
are left in a state of destitution.
The representations mado by sundry gentlemen
o.f the highest respectability, from that State, ate
of tho must l.oart rending character. Starvation,
actual and present, now exist. Can wo, iu the
midst ul' diluent abundance, for a moment hesi
tates as tu what our action shall lie towards tho
people whose only crime baa been their loyalty and
WHOLI KIJnBER, 3093
[ tlevotiOD to the Government 1 Even if a portion of
our cbarity should retch tjio starving families ot
those in sympathy with tbo rebellion, belter it
should, tb*n that these devoted, self sacrificing
people who have so unhesitatingly adhered to the
Government, tie left to suffer. Whenever pesti
lence find famine distressed the people of any por
tion of our country, we have always hten loriunost
in relieving them, end the people of Pcnrfsylvania
have extended tneir open handed liencvolenee anil
broad charity to the starving people of foreign
countries. Shall it be said that the appeals oftheso
people for broadtail upon the hoirt of Pennsylva
nia in vain, and tbat we who have ao recently given
thanks for our ahnndanno have no relief for them
in their extremities ? I commend the subject
through you to the people of the S'ate, ns worthy
the tmmediri'e attention and active exertions ot tbo
charitable and the bbeisl.
' I should be glad if the Legislature would m"ke
I n general revision of out Revenue Laws, with a
I view to their increasl productiveness. It oAght
j to be observed that for u period of mere than
twenty years, no material change Ins been made in
tbo Revenue Laws of this Commonwealth. During
I that time some interests have grown into new im
| pottance, end should he made to hear their jest
proportion ot the public expense, since all taxation
should as far as possible, press equally upon the
properly and employments ot oar peopla.
Failing such revision, I recommend to the con
sideration of the Legislature, the following sug,
gestions couuected with the su'ject.
| 1. Thero nro Haven! companies in the State
which, in addition to large mining priril-ges have
the control of the routts of transportation, by
which alone the products of the mines of individu
als in their respective districts, can reach a tnarKft.
These companies thus enjoy substantial monopn.
lies, hy means of Which they not onlv receive, the
lair profits of their own prosperity, hnt are enabled
to uiuke additional heavy gains at the expense of
individuals. In mv opinion such privileges ought
never to have been granted, but as they exist it ap.
I pears to he just that the class of companies which
' enjoy tliem, should pay therefor an additional
specific tax.
It. Very lafga gums aro dun to the Common
wealth for unpatented lands. Forbearance, clem
ency, and liberality have been in vain tried in the
numerous attempts to procure the payment of at
least a part of Ibis debt, from the larger portion of
those who are indebted on that account. The con
tinuance of this state of atfairs ts unjust to the' Com
monwealth and to the vast majority of her people
who have honestly paid tor their lands. It
has become unendurable. I recommend thst too
Legislature provide that tbo Surveyor General shall
ffl of record in the oilice of the Court of Common
Fleas of each county, u description of the lands
subject to the lieu of the Commonwealth for pur.
chase money, and a statement of the smouut of
principal and interest now duo to lite Common
wealth, together witli the patent fees on each tract
au l ten per ceut, on the amount so due for the labor
4nd cost of making and filing such statement; and
the aggregate amount thus Hated, for each tract,
shall be htl 1 to ho the amount, now dun th >roon to
the Commonwealth, which shill bear interest at
the rate of twelve per cent, per annum, till paid,
and shall continue to ha -.the first lies on the
Din), tilt paid, and shall not tie diverted by any
ju<tiei,ii ,(iiei' Bale whatever. 1 also recommend
the adoption of if suggestion cohtelned in thh Sur
veyor Genera I.'s report that a specific tax bo Did on
all unpatented lands.
3. By existing laws municipal corporations are
required to deduct and pay into the Treasury jtlie
tax on all hjnuscontracted hy them. It is believed
that a large addition would accrue to the revenue
by Iho extension of liiis provision to all counties
and to all corporations private or public.
I recommend that it be so extended.
4. A tax oa Hie gross receipts of all railroad and
canal compaiii -a would, it is believed, he productive
and not oppressive.
Upon satisfactory reports, according to law,
im.lj by Colonel John A. W light, I have drawn my
warrants for tho delivery to the Philadelphia ami
Erie Railroad company ol another million of the
bonds deposited in the State Treasury. Four mil
lions ot said bonds- have therefore been now de
livered. There can he no reasonable doubt of tho
early completion of the work, and, when completed,
it ir confidently expected that the bonds held by
tho Statu, secured on the rotd for $3,500,U01), will
become gooi interest-paying securities.
I renew most earnestly tho recommendation undo
'in my last annual message oi a revision of iho
militia laws. They aro a. present shamefully de
fective. Indeed, if by a militia law is m-uut a law
intended to provide torso enrol irg and organizing
tiie military force of the Statu that it may ho put
into service when required, wo may he said to have
no militia law. In each of thu last tw< years I have
Imen obliged to call out the miiitia, hut in tact those
w ho obeyed tho call were volunteers and, with some
exceptions, whero wholly unorganized, so ihat al
most in face ol the enemy, time flail to he consu
med iti distributing the men into companies and
regiments, in electing officers and ip other prepa
rations (or effective organiz ition.
In the report of tho Adjutant General will bo
found a list of the Ponnsy ivana regiments and a
statement showing tho several armies and depart
ments in which tliey are. uow sorving. lu ".his con
nection, I suggest tho propriety of legislative
authority being ;.iven for the preparation of a his
tory of each of our reglmcuta and other orginlz.i
tious, to be proservod among cur archives. The
necessary documents aro now accessible, and as
they may in time he lost destroyed, the making
ol such a record as I propose should not lie defer
red. It is due alike to the living and the dead that
this subject should ho promptly acted on.
I recommtnd that the proposed amendments to
tlm Constitution, giving to citizens in the public
service out of thu State, the light to vole, he pas
sed promptly .nyd submitted to nvoto of tho peoplo
at ss early n day us posnbloi so tint such citizens
may exorcise their right cd -uifl'rjge at nil future
elections. This wonid be"only doing Justice to tho
brave men who are periling their lives in our de
fence.
1 It is highly Important that we should replenish
i the ranks of our regiments in tho Held neil supply
i the places of those volunteers whose terms wiil
' soon expire and who may decline further service,
i J am happy to say that at large proportion of onr
regiments are re enlisting. Efforts are making hy
royself-and hy the people ip various portions of tho
State to procure a sufficient number of volunteers,
and with a promise of success, provided a reason
* able time be allowed for tho ptirposr. MeSnwliils
'persons profosaingto he oßleers and ogents from
; some other S.tgtdS are moat improperly endeavoring
j to seditpi; our,citizens into their service by vxirava
! gant fxotntieeWnd promises.
i The i2ih .-aecUon ol tho act of 15lh May. 1861,
I prohibits any from leaving the State
1 withonttho anthorlty.of the Coventor, und 1 now ro
j commend tho pass-ago of a law imposing penalties
| by flue and imprisonment on ail individual* who
endeavor to procure or aid and assist in procuring
! any poraon In this State to oi.hst in the volunteer
| serviceof any other t-jtate. M-utv of our eouutieti
| and townships bavj filled their quetasat u largo ex
ponso, and in others they are In course of doing
1 the aamo by ofi'-ra of liberal bounties add provi
sions for the families of volunteers, and mid it is not
j right that these patriotic etiorts should he em barms*
, .-toil by interlorenccfrom beyoodonr borders, espe
! cially ss we cannot, in the so circuroatancus rffjr
bounties hy the Statu, without the injustice of cout
; polling the connties and townships which liuvo al
ready contributed largely In that way,.to assist iu
paying, hy taxation, for the deficiency of other*.
1 1 feet it to be my duty to call your attention to
i
ring the last ten days ol the last session. 390 hill*
were presented tor mjlgnUure, many W Uuim ol
the most infflpttliiit charset#r. TUe *Mrfo itfrnilier
of bills preacted If* me (tgring the'session, was 716
In consequence of this habit not only are bills pas*
sed without an opportunity to either House for a
proper consideration of their provisions, bht the
Executive is compelled either to sign them without
examination, or to hold them over perhaps dpskbe •
public inconvenience. It may often bappeqctMt a""
bill not approved by reason of a single olvsmteua
clause, might if there itije-timti .TafTffllimii mp.
ting the objectionable- prevision. _fn connection
with tin) subject ot legislation, >1 must refer to -
nother m'cbiet; General laws have bseu passed to
give relief iu certain cases which formerly
a special act in each case. As for Instance the a!o
of lands by exceptors, administrators and trusteei,
the adoption of children, the creation of udniig
and manufacturing corporations, and so forth.—
Those laws were passed to ensure such an exami
nation in each case ns would enabio justice m be
done to file parties and to the public, and slab to
save the time and expense consumed in private le
gislation.. They have hitherto effected neither pur
pose, but Ido seriously urge oil tho Legiilaturo ,
the consideration that whoever applies for a special,
act under suoh clrcum stances must either fear the
result of an impartial inquiry or (if the application
be for charter)- must detfre the omission or inser
tion of some provision contrary to what tho Legis
lature has determ'"ncd"hfterTnatnro consideration to
be just and legitimate. t-'
I refer to the Auditor General's and Stales Tress-
VOL. 7, NO 25.
urer's reports tor the details of our financial tiff iirs,
ami to the reports of the Surveyor General, Ad jit- J
tint General, Quartermaster General, Commissary .
General, Surgeon General, Agent at Washington,
Chief c( Transportation ami Telegraph Department,
and Superintendent of Common Schools, in regard
to their several departments.
In May last it tvaa believed irem information re
ceived, thit General Lee intended to invade this
Stale. Comitinnications on thestllject Were immedt
elv sent to Washington:) urging that preparations fov
effective defense should not be delayed. Accords 1 „
incly (he War Department erected two new milita
ry departments, viz : The Department of the Mon
engabela. Including that, portion of the Stgtc lying
west of the mountains, to be commanded by Msj.-
Gen. Brooke,-and the Department .of the Susque
hanna!), comprising the jem tinder of the State, and
to ne commanded by Msj. Gen Coueb.
Daily in June, Maj. Gou. Couch arrived at Har
rishnrg sntf assumed command of his department,
which he liaa since exercised with the soldierlike
promptness, energy and discretion which were to
he expected from his known character.
The rebels having aritiuilly entered the State I*
some force, and the approach of their whole array r
being eminent, the President made a requisition lor
nulitia from this and some of the neighboring Statas
mid several regiments Icon) A'ow I'orK and .Now Jer._ •
sey were promptly sent, and cur own volunteer
militia began to assemble, Wit some embarvshsuieiKs
arising, the President assented to call by the Ex
ecutive of the Slate, which was nccordfngiv made.
Under these calls 6,106 of ttiu men of Pennsylva
nia were assembled in the Department ot General
Brooks, and 31,422 in that cf General Couch. To
give the details, or even a summary of tho ofera- V
l.ons which ensued, would bo impracticable within
the limits cf a message. It is necessary to rfo so
as I have recommended the adoption Of measures
for preserving the history of our several regiments
and other organ [sitions, and in that history the
events to which 1 have referred will be recorded. —
It is duo, huwever, to lli men who came torwaid,
thu* 1 should say now ihgt they made long and la
bullous marches in parts of this and other States
had been plundered by tho rebels, suffered great *
privations, and were frequently in conflict with tho
enemy ; and on nil ocessiona acted in ohedlertce to
military discipline and orders, and with couiago
and endurance,
Some n! the militia called in 180*1, and in USC,
were killed and others disabled. In all tbes# ctee,
wliefe thuro ar uo laws for the relief of' these men
or their families, I recommend the enactment of a '
law tor tbat purpose.
The campaign on our soil was closed by the vic
tory of Gettysburg*, pfainrt by the Veteran Aim* of
the to to mac, under the command of Major General
Meade, tho officers and men ol which displayed all
thoir accustomed endurance in tho conJ"
tl'Ct, and in tire forced and rapid marc litre which lm- „
mediately preceded u.
Under Divine I'rovidence, to them nd to fhe
military genius and unsurpassed energy of General
Meade, and the promptness aud self-sacriilctng gal
lantry of General Reynolds, we aro iodebtnd for
success on £liat bloody fI.M.
Wo arc proud to claim General? Jleado and Rey
nolds as sons of our own Pennsylvania. Tha first
lives to enjoy the most precious of all rewards tbo
grateful appreciation q( Ms countryiuen. The lat
ter fell in the very front of the battle, aud we can
only,pay hoimge-io bis memory. Whatever,honors
have been at any time devised to commemorate
tbo virtues of a patriot—*.f a true, fearless, loyal *
citizen and soldier, ho baß abuudantlv deserved.
His surviving companions in arms claim the right,
of themselves erectiug a monument to him on the
field on which lie foil, anl it would qot bo well to
interfere with their pious intention. But I hopo 4
that the Legislature will place upon tbo records of
tho Statu sorno appropriate testimony of tbe public
gratitude to him aud his surviving cnjmandr.
It would he unjust to omit referring again to
the loyal spirit of our people, wbicb has been evin
ced in every mode since this w.<r Commenced. Not
only have they rent 277 40W men for tbe general
iinci special service of tho Goveraiueut, and sup- f
ported with cheerfulness the burdens of taxation,
hut Our storehouses and depots have literally over
fl .'tved with comforts and necessaries, spontaneous
ly contributed by them, under the active cate of
thousands of our women, (faithful nuto death,) for j
tho sick and wounded and prisoners, as well an
for our armies fu the field. Their patriotic,benev
olence seems to bo inexhatistable. To every new
call, tho response becomes more and more liberal.
When intelligence was received of tho barbarian
starvation of our prisoners in Richmond, fhe gar
ners of l ho whole State were instantly tkrowu open,
and before any similar movement had been made
elsewhere, I was already employed on behalf of our
people in efforts to secure the admission through
tho rch. I lines of the abundant supplies provided
for tbe rnlief of our suffering brethren. Those of
our citizens who have fallen iuto the habit of dis
paraging rur great Commonwealth and tlib unsur
passed efforts of her people should blush nhsu they
look on this picture.
That this unnatural rebellion may In rpaedily
and effectually crushed, we lie—all—under the oh- j
ligations of one paramount duty—tiiat ot vigorous
ly supporting our Government in it* measures to
that cad. To the full extent ofmy official snd ln
dividu <1 ability it shall ho so supported, and I rely
heartily on your co-operation, iam ready lor all
proper measures to strengthen its arm— to enoour°>
age Its upholders—to stimulate by public liberality,
to themselves and their families, tho men who give
it to their personal service—ln every mode to in- '*
vigorato its action. Wo are lighting the great bat- |
tie of God—of trnth—of right—of liberty, The
Almighty Iras no attribute that can favor our savage r
and degenerate enemies. No people can submit to ....
territorial dismemberment without becoming con
temptible In its own eyes and in those of the World,
lint it is not only against territorial dismemberment
that wc are struggling, hut against the destruction
of the very ground work of our wbole political sys
tem. The ultimate question truly at issue is tho
possibility of tbe permanent existence of a powerful
Keputdic. That Ls tho questiou (o be now solved, •
and hy the blessing of God, wo moan that it shall
not be our fault If ft be riot solved favorably.
Wc have, during the past year, made mighty
strides toward* such a solution and to an huinsp sp- ,
po-uance wo approach Its completion. Bnt whatever
reverse* may happen—whatever blood and treasure
may still he required—whatever sacrifices may be
necessary—tl,die will remain the imxborahla de
term inaiioo of our people to fight Out this tiling to
the end—-to preserve and perpetuate this Union.— c ,
They have sworn that not one alar shall be reft Irons
the cowstellatitm, nor its clustered brightness be ***
dimmed by treason and savagery, aud the. will It cop
their oath. 1 „ " •
HINTS.— Nfcvcr enter it sick
room in n Ms to Of perspiration, as tho mo
ment you become cool your porqs absorb.—• .
Do not approach contagious diseases with an
empty stomach; never sit between a sick per
son and tho fire, because the heat attracts tho
thin vapor.
St is ✓