• ■ v I* PUBLISHED EVIIiT FRIDAY 1 MOKMNO ItYlt. F. nCVERN, At the following term., lo wit t $2 00 per annum, if pui'l within th# ynr. " if not paid within the year. By No subscription taken tor lest than six month* By No.paper cMmontinued until all arrearages arn paid, unless at the option of the pobliehei. It has been decided by the United States Court* that the stoppage of a newspaper without the payment of arrearages, is jirma farii evidence of fraud and as a criminal offence. CiyThe courts have decided that persons are ac countable for tbesubseription price of newspapers, if they take them from the post office, whether they subscribe fcr them, or not. ' Clhiy'-ttn owe much of their Sicine** to Colds.— Wo matter v.'hcrethe disease may appear o be set --e!l, it; origin maybe traced lo suppressed perspiration or a'Co!J. Cramps and Lung Complaints are di rect products of Colds. In short Colds are the har bingers of naif the diseases that afflict humanity, fbr as they ate rawed by checked perspiration, anil as Ave- eights of the waste matter of the body es capes through thepores, if thse pores are closed, tbat portion of. diseases necessarily follows. Keep clear, therefore, of Colds and Coughs, the great precursers of disetise, or if contiactod. hrea* them up immediately, b f a timely use of Madame Tor lir'e Curative Baltam. 8)ld by all Druggists, at 13 cents anil C.3 cents per battle. Jan. :.'3, 183.-ly. NF.W JERSEY LANDS FOR SALE.—ALSO GARDEN OR FKUIT FARMS. Suitable forGrapee, Peach' I *, Peats, Raspberries, Strawberries, Blackberries, Dimants. Hie., of 1, 2i, 5, 10 or'ib acres such, at the following prices for the present, viz: 20 Hcres for S2OO, 10 arres for 3110, S acres fp'r SOO, 2J acres for S4O, 1 acre for ♦2fl. Payable Iy one dollar a week. Also, good Oranberry lands, and village lots in CilF/ftiVOOD, 25 by 100 !ect, at $lO each, payable by one dullat 'seek. The above land and larms are s.'uafed at Obetwood, Washington township, county. New Jersey. For further infor mal ion, applv, with a F. O. Stamp, for acircnlar, to B. FRANKLIN CLARK, _ No. 00. Cedar street, Ni w l'ork, N. Y. Jan. 10, 1863,-1 y. Pcfc3sionat Cavils. li T ewnkisiff House, j & lb*? lave opened a Bank of Discount and Deposit., in Bedford, Pa. Money lent and taken on deposit, and collections made on moderate terms. Tbev alao have lands in lowa, Minnesota, Wiscon sin. Missouri and Nebraska, for sale or trade. Bedford, Oct. 39, 1803-tf. if; hT AK ftS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Bedford, p n . Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to his care. Military claims speedily collected. Office on Juliada street, opposite the po t-office. Bedford, feeptetibef 11, 1863. F. M KIKMCLL. '• W. LINGKKKSUTER, KIWMELL k LIW&ENFELTER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD. PA ave termed a partnership iri the practice ot the Law. Office an Juliana atreet, twodooas .South at the "Mengel House." JOB Mas*. O. H. Sr.ixc. MAS* & SPA NO. ATTORNEYS AT DAW, BEDFORD. PA- The undersigned have associated themselves in the Practice ot the Law, and will attend promptly to all business entrusted to their caie in Bedford and adjoining counties. GJT'Olfiee on lithana Street, three doors sooth . .f the "Mangel House," opposite the residence of I Maj. Tate. I Bedford, Aug. 1, IS6I. 1 JOBSCSSSNA. O. E. SHANNON. CESBIfK&B U \ N N 0 N , I ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA. ByHave formed a Partnership in the Practice of rthe Law. Office nearly opposite the Gatette Office, where one or the other may at all times be found. Bedford, Aug, 1, 1861. ' JOHN P. REED, ATTORNEY AT LAWJIKDTTIftp, PA.. Rupertfnllf tnHderrJ- '• Mb Puhht. rryoffice second door North of the Mengel t House. t \ •edfgfd, Aig, I, 1881. / _ JOHN P AnL, IH ER, AT LAVf, BEDFORD, PA. n-jrWill promptly attend to a'l business aotrus tedto his care. Office pn Johanna Street, '(near. IT opposite the Mengel '>use.) Bedlerd, Aug. 1, l&ui. , \ H. COFFROTH, /tfTORMEY AT LAW, Somerset, Pa '.V1.1 hcroefter practice regularly in the severa fnut'V'of Bedford county. Business entrnsted to sit care will be faithfully attended to. .Xjyecetnb'r 6, lb'Bl. / SAMUEL KE T T*E R M A N , BEDFORD, PAn {jy Would hereby notify the citizens of Bedford comity, that he has moved ro the Borough of Bed ford, where lia may at a " times be found h- persons •gishing to see him, unless absent upon business osrteining to his office. Bedford, Aug. 1,1881. JACOB HP.F.O, , J. J SCUCLL, REED AND Sf HELL, BANKERS k SEALERS INF.XCHANGE, BEDFORD, PKNN'A. (J7"DRAFTS bought and sold, collections made \ . ssnd money promptly remitted. ijfoposits 1 gk CfiAELE " 1 COKNSft or WOOD !ND THIRD STREETS •tf f T J,i ) 1/ l ff, PA HARRY SHIRLS PRHTUEXOR. Api^ 2 MM. r C. A . IIMKOK, DtRTIST. Will attend punctual and carefull;4> all opera tions entrusted to his 1 NATURAL Tsttir lliw regnlated, pulhed, Ac., in the-best manner,sndyTierciatTe A inserted /rem one toen entire sd| 1 Office in the Bask lwldiog, on Julila etreet, Bedford. J 1 CASH TERMS'trill Wstrictly cdherrlo. * In addition to rictnt lArovements in ll mount ing of ARTiftcas 7EKTI|I Gold and Silw Plate, I am now using, as s has. for Artificial tvj,a new and beautiful article, (Vdfamte o. Vulcfced In- i dia Rubber) strongrr, cl§ r fitting, rr.orelmfort able and more natural >lher Gold Ailver, and 20 per cent, cheaper t * ,lv "- Call afree I C.N. Hl(l)K. >, Bedford, January 16, 111- I ~ s eEij,fflißKS, I Fort/ BushelP h' w K?f. f^ r J ,a,e *1 JVov. M- AMLJj: DkdWl VOLUME 59. NEW SERIES. pi)ilatxlpl;i(t Lower *§• Rank, WHOLESALE TOBICOSSIW&SffiiSS, WASittHOUSIS, No 146 North Third Street, Betw*e (i Cheiry -iid Rr*, Wept Side, PHILADELPHIA. C<MHt!ry custom fetnectfully solicited. Our Mock is and will uiways be a* low in price as any in the raarkeC. .Muich 0, 18(>3 —ly VAN CAMP BUSH. W.Yt. WFSLEIT KURTZ • RUSH & KURTZ, (Formerly HI'NK, Raiovkl & Co.) IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN ian c n D r4l ©cobs, No. 137 Nort.li Third Street, PHILADELPHIA. Cloths, Cnssimr.ros and Vestinps, Silks and Dress Goods. Linens and White Goods, Luces and Embroideries, Shawls, Ribbons and l'rini minge, Hosiery. Gloves and Notions. A |.go— Bleached Shirtings, Colored Cambrics Flannels, .leans, Ginghams. &r. March 6, 1863. ly HOWARD ASSOCIATION, PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Diseases of the Nervous System, Spermator rhoea or Seminal Weakness, Impotence, an I other affections of the Scvunl Organs, Physical Debility and Prfimuture Decay—new and reliable treatment, in reports of the Howard Association, sent hy mail in sealed lettet envelopes, free of charge. Address, Dr. J. SKILLIN HOUGH VON, HOWARD ASSOCIATION, No. 2 South Ninth stieet, Philadelphia, Pa. March 6, 1883— ly G3LLJGTT & SCOTT, AUCTIONEERS Commwston fllevdjautß, Jayne's Marble Building, GIC Chestnut St., A* 616 Jnynt St. PHILADELPHIA. JNO. E. GILLETTE. B. SCOTT, JR. Apr. IT, 1803—ly. C. D. MX!LEES & CO. Wholesale Dealers in BOOTS, SHOES, BROGANS. Asl) INDIA RUBBER SHOES,' NO 133 NORTH THIRD STREET OPPOSITE CHERRY ST., PHILADELPHIA. Apr. 17. 1863—1y. DR. TAYLOR, W'M. It. HEMPHILL, Tafilor 4* Hemphill, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN MANUFACTURED TOBACCO, FOREIGN" A VD DOMESTIC SEGARS, 280 Market Street, South side, between 2d and 3d, PHILADELPHIA. March G, 1863—1y. •' MILTON COOPER, WM. M. PARHAM, HOBT. D. WORK. HIGPEII, FMBIM WORK, MANUFACTURERS ANDJOUUKNS OP HATS, CAPS, FURS AND STRAW GOODS, No, 5! North Third Street, mcTWRKN MARKET All, ARCH. March 6, 18S3 —ly PHILADELPHIA. MARTIN BIJEHLER. J i GEO. RON I] RIGHT It. It. HOWARD. | J C. P. SUEtSEROTT BUEHLER. HOWARD & CO- Importers nnd Dealers in Foreifti and Domestic ttatoPEDau® No. 441 Market St., bejew Fifth, T' . PHILADELPHIA. March 6, 1863—1y. iWLiJi, 'mm & to. in it w as; JOBBERS AND IMPORTING MERCHANTS, No. 337 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA, Dealers Butcher's Edgo Tool? -and Files, together with a general Stock of English and American Hardware. March 6, 1803.—1y niihael WA BT A A A CO TOBACCO, SMFFII SEIiAR i MANUFACTORY, No. 313 Noilh Third Street, Second door below Wood, PHILADELPHIA. sr. WARTMAX. E. e. RNGKLMAN. March G, —ly. • A. A. SHUMWAY 80 CO., iHaiiufacturtri and Wholesale Dialers its Boots <fc Shoes, Ho. 221 Market Street, and 210 Church Alley,, • THiLADELPUU *Uh 7, 1863— if. Freedom of Thought and Opinion. BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 25, 1863. | THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD. , EDITED BY SIMON SYNTAX, ESQ. j All .on'r.huiions to tnis column roust b- addressed to ''Simon Syntax, Box 93, Bedford, Pn." j The Columbia Sir/, having hoisted out bflh i tier, says l<> its readers, that Simon Syntax now j ; edits s> like column for it. We would. Lowev | er, here take the opportunity to inf.,raj the ; readers of llmt paper, that this is aii a hoax. ! Simon pure is still among the frosty mountains . and now, after a long silence, finding that his i name lm gone ab'oad, lie lias concluded once ; more to take up the battle-axe. and strike for pop i ular enlightenment. Thanking the former con. i tributort to' this column for their valuable as- I sistrnec, he would ask tliem to renew their : contributions, extending an invitation, at the \ same time, to any others who may desire to ! help on with the great work of Common School , Education. Come, teachers of Bedford county, j give us your might. Send us an occasional 1 piece for this column. Give us a report of the J working of your District Institutes. Tell us | what you are doing in the remote parts of the county and we will again return our thanks. SIMON". PRIMARY TEACHING. ! "Intellectual progress is of necessity, from j the concrete to the abstract." Knowing the a bove to be true, and that th° intellectual opera | lions of a child consist in hearing and seeing , rather than in reasoning an 1 reflecting, we ' must, if wc wish to tench with success, direct j our first efforts to those senses. The restless I curiosity, the great desire to fee and bear things ' must, in a measure, be satisfied. His great inquisitiveness is but ,natural as l his aversion to all abstract thinking and any method of teach ing that seeks to overcome eilher of those must be false and must rnsnlt it: no good. Che teach er who still persists in teaching oontrary to this j knowledge, thwarts the very object of teaching which is merely to help nature—to help the mind to developo itself property. We repeat, the sense? of sight and hearing being the first to dovelope themselves they should lirst receive a thorough training. Any lefsnns, then, that can be given by the teacher to cultivate these should precede all others. Convarsniiod upon simple subjects, lessons on familiar objects should come first. A distinguished educator once remarked in a lecture that lie had known pupils who lmd been taught the name* and form.* of familiar objects first, to learn the whole al phabet in a single day. This however may be regarded as partly mi exception. Still-it shows how comparatively easy is the transition from the concreto to the abstract—from the kn<vn to the unknown. Our primary pupils should have more lessons to impress form upon tho mind before being required to study tho alphabet.— But the first lessons commonly given in our schools address themselves directly to tho child's memory. Before ho has had any lossons upon form or outline a number of abstract, arbitrary characters are presented to him, again and again, until the child liecotnes wearied and the teach er, in his blind endeavors, out of patience, pro nounces the child a block-head. Need wo won der then, that so much time is spent in endeav oring to teach the nlphnbet. Need we wonder ! that the child grows tired of tho dull routine and that for want of something pleasant to do it grows idle and mischievous. But how is this to he remedied I By first giving tho child lessons upon familiar objects. By passing from these to tho alphabet and there following tho sume order. With sl.itc and pencil havo tho lcltcis drawn in each recitation, and when the lesson | is over give it something else to draw. Thus ! you will not only employ the lime but the hande, that arc often so mischievous, too. One ad | vantage in this is that, while tho teacher is hear ! ing another class the smaller pupils are prepar ing their lesson on the slate trod when their time to recite comes they will bans eager ns tho most advanced pupils; another advuntuge is that the form of the letters is thus rao.ro fully irnpre&sed upon the child's inind. But lliis method atone will sometimes fail as will any other, used ex clusively. Should the teacher find the pupil growing weary of drawing the letters and thus i learning them, then abandon the method entirely j for a few days and adopt another and invariably j he will find tho pupij work with double dili- I genet when the slate and pencil are again giv- j en him. Our reason for thus urging the slate and pencil method for learning the alphabet is, j that it is the imitative method and children i learn, by imitation. WESI'. j PUNCTUALITY IN SCHOOL. • There is no principle of action more com- ' mendable in a scholar, than punctuality. Ev-> I erything in its liino nnd ju3t at tho time, should 1 | be the motto of every teacher and scholar, and ! is as important as "a place for every thing nnd j every thing in its place.'' After tho routino of i duties performed tit their proper time becomes a habit, it is actually a pleasure. The school boy who prides 'iimself*m being regular Jit school and prompt an the recitation bench, relishes hi* task ' much better and is lmppier than lie who indul ges in his iiiieness and is always be hind. The necessity of sending scholars punctually to schoo' is often too lightly regarded by the parents. — They do not consider that an hour's absence in the morning deprives them of their most impor tant recitation, of their best hour for study.— How ranch time might be saved by using ail those Ji!*'." moments thus thrown away, and if, they were applied in the right manner haw much might he accomplished.— J'a. S. Journal. Message of Jefferson Davis to the Rebel Congress. "I regret to inform you that there has been no improvement in the state of our relations with foreign countries, since my message of January Ins;. On the, contrary, there has been a still greater divergence in the conduct of Eu ropean nations from that practical impartiality which alone deserves the name of neutrality and, their action, in some cases, has assumed a chars actcr positively unfriendly. '•You have heretofore been informed that by common understanding, the initiative in all ac tion touching the contest 011 this continent had been left by ii>reign powers to the two groat maritime nations of VVeitcrn Europe, aaid that the Governor nits of these two nations had a greed to take no measures without previous con cert. The result of these arrangoinerits has, therefor.•, planed it in the power of either France or England to obstruct at pleasure the recogni tion to which the Confederacy is justly entitled or even to pi tdotig the continuance of hostilities on this side of the Atlantic, if the policy of ei ther could bo promoted by tho postponement of peace. Eavlh, too, tints became possessed of great infueri.je in so shaping the general exer cise of neutral rights in Europe as to render them sti .servient to the purpose of aiding one of the Belligerents to tie detriment, of the other. [ referred, at your hist session, to some of the lending points in tins cotu-A pursued by profess ed neutrals, which a partisan leaning to the side of'*ua-'enemies; but events have since occurred Y'bfph induce mo to renew the subject in greater detail than was then deemed necessary.'' The Message then recapitulates the action of England in reference to tlio observance of the blockade, aid discusses at lergth the validity of that action under international law. In this connection it is said: "The intimation that relations with these States would be discreditable because they are sluveholding would probably have been omitted if the.oilkid per-onag" who has published it to the world had remembered that these States were when colonics, made shareholding by the direct exercise of the power of Great Britain, whose dependencies they were, and whose inter ests in the slave trade were then supposed to rcquiiu that her colonies should be made slave holding." It is complained, also, that England has act ed unfairly in permitting the Federals to obtain supplies in that country, while denying tbesamo privilege to the rebels. The course of Franco is thus referred to: "It i not. in my power to apprise you tg what extent the Government of France shares the views unreservedly avowed by that of Great Britain, no published correspondence of the French Government on the subject having been received. No public protest nor opposition, however, lias been made by his imperial Majes ty against tho prohibition to trade with us, im posed on French citizens by the paper blockade of the United States, although I have reason to believe that au unsucccsful attempt wa made on his part to secure the assent of the British Government to a course of action more conso nant with the dictates of public law and with tho demands of justice towards us." As to the right of the rebels to claim recog i nition as a nation the Message says! "For nearly three years this Government hns exercised unquestioned jurisdiction over many millions of willing and united people. It has ■net oikl defeated vast -armies of invaders, who have in vain sought its subversion. Supported by the confidence and affection of its citizens; the Confederacy has lacked no element which distinguishes an independent nation, according to the principles of public, law. Its legislative, executive and judicial departments, each in its sphere, have performed their appropriate func tions with a regularity as undisturbed as in a time of profound peace, mid tho whole energies of the people havo been developed in the or ganization of vast armies, while their rights and liberties have rested secure under the protection of the courts of justice. This Confederacy is either independent or it is a dependency of the U. States, for no other earthly power claims the right to govern it. Without one historic fact on which the pretension can rest, without one [ line or word of treaty or convcnant, which enn I give color to title, tho United States have asser ted, and the British Government has chosen to concede, that those sovereign States aro depen dencies of tho Government which is adminis tered at Washington. Great Britain has ac cordingly entertained with that Government the closest and most intimate relations while re fusing, on its demand, ordinary amicable inter course with us; and has, under arrangements made with the other nations of Europe, not on. ly denied our just claim of admission into the family of nations, but.interposcdapnssivo though : effectual bar to the acknowledgment of our j rights by other powers. So soon as it had be : come appnrcnt, by the declarations of tho llrit ish Minister; in the debates of tin 13ritish I'ar ] limr.ont in July last, that lfer Majesty's Oov i erumeut was determined to persist indefinitely i in u course of policy which, under professions | of neutrality, had become subservient to the desighs of our enemy, I felt it ray duty to re call the Commissioners formerly accuredited to ' i that Court, nnd the correspondence on tho sub * ject is submitted to you," WHOLE NUMBER, 30S8 VOL. 7, NO 21. Claiming no favor, desiring no aid, con* 'seious of or own ability to defend our own rights against the utmost efforts of an infuriate foe, we had thought it not extravagant to ex |>ect that assistance would bo withheld from our enemies, and that the conduct of foreign nations wouid be marked by a genuine impart tialitv between the belligerents. It was not supposed that a professed neutrality would be so conducted as to justify the Foreign Secretary •of the Uritish nation in explaining, in corres pondence with our enemies, how 'the impartial observance of neutral obligations by her Majes ty's Government Ifas thus been exceedingly ad vantageous to the cause of the more powerful of the two contending parties.' The Uritish Government may deem this war a favorable i occasion for establishing, by the temporary xac- I rificc of their neztral rights, a precedent which shall justify the future exercise of those extreme belligerent pretensions that their naval power renders so formidable." f TIIE AID!V. The rebel army, according to the message, is in better condition than ever before, but men are still greatly needed: "In view of the largo conscription recently j ordered by the enemy, and their subsequent call for volunteers, to lie followed, if ineffectual, by a still further draft, wc are admonished that no clFui'l must be spared tu add largely to our ef fective force as promptly as possible. The Sources of supply.are to be found by restoring to the army all who are improperly absent, put ting an end to substitution, modifying the ex emption law, restricting details, and placing in thsTanks such of the able-bodied men now em ployed as .wagoners, nurses, cook't and oilier employes who are doing service for which the negroes may lie found competent." The Message recommends the organization of an Invalid Corps, and urges that ail new re cruits be assigned to veteran, organization, in stead of being •formed into distinct companies and regiments. As to the ordnance depart ment, it in said: "The reports from the ordnance nnd mining bureaus arc very gratifying, and the extension of our means of supply of arms and munitions of war from our home resources has been such as to ensure our ability soon to become mainly if not entirely, independent of supplies from foreign countries. The establishments for the casting of guns and projectiles, for. the manu facture of small arms and of gunpowder, for the supply of nitre from artificial nitre beds, and mining operations generally, have been so | distributed through the country as to place our resources beyoud the reach of partial disasters." EXCHANGE OF PHISON£IIS. "A systematic and concerted effort has been made to quiet the complaints in the United Spates of those relatives and friends of the prisoners in our hands who are unable to nnderstand why the cartel is not executed in their favor, by the groundless assert ion that we are the parties who refuse compliance. Attempts arc also made to shield themselves from the execration excited by their own odious treatment of our officers and soldiers now captive in their hands, by mis statements, such as that the prisoners held by us are deprived of food. To this last accusa tion the conclusive answer has been made that, in accordance with our law and the general or ders of the deparment, the rations of the pris oners are precisely the same, in quantity and quality, as those served out to our own gallant soldiers in the field, and which have been found sufficient to support them in their arduous cam paigns, while it is not pretended by the enemy that iliey treat prisoners bv the safno generous rule. By an indulgence, perhaps unprecedented, we have even allowed the prisoners in our hands to be supplied by their friends at homo with comforts not enjoyed by the men who captured tlienwin battle, in contrast to this treatment, the most revolting inhumanity has character ized the conduct of the United States towards prisoners held by them. One prominent fact, which admits no denial or palliation, must suf fice as a test. The officers of our army, na tives of Southern and semi-tropical climates, and unprepared for the, cold of a Nothern win ter, have been conveyed, for imprisonment, dur •ing the rigors of the present season, to the Northern and exposed situations that-could be selected by the enemy. There, heyogd the reach of.comforts, and often even of news, from lionw and family, and exposed to the pierc ing cold of the Northern lakes, they are held by men who cannot be ignorant of, even if they do not design,.the probnblc result. llow nmny of our unfortunate friends and comrades who have passed unscathed through numerous battles, will perish on Johnson's Island, under the cruel trial to which they arc subjected, none but the Omniscient can foretell.'' THE KKJIRI. NAVT. The Report of thq Secretary of tlio Navy gives in detail tlio operations of that Depart ment since January hist, embracing information of the disposition and employment of tlio ves sels. officers and men, and the construction of vessels at Richmond, Wilmington, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, Sclma, and on tho rivers Roanoke, Nou.io, Pedcc, Chattahoochee and Tombigbca; the accumulation of ship timber and supplies, and the manufacture of npdnapep stores and equipments. The foundries and work shops have been greatly improved, and their ca pacity to supply till demands for heavy ordnance for coast and harbor defence i3,only limited by our deficiency in tho requisite skilled labor.— The want of auch labor and of seamen serious ly affect the operations of tho Department. The skill, courage and activity of our cruis-r ere at sea cannot be too highly,commended.— They have inflicted heavy losses on the enemy without suffering a single disaster, and liavo se riously damaged the shipping interests of the United States by compelling their foreign com merce to seek the protection of ncutrul flags. CONDUCT OF THE KNIUIX. I cannot elese this Message without again adverting to the savage ferocity which still narks the condsct of plfe B*y'is tlkA ? the war. AfW theirrepulim fcwa lrTniWl 9| before Wenge 6jP ' an abortive attempt to destroy the city with at fw incendiary composition, thrown ty'inptov|'l artillery, from • distance of four miles. rjjßnfl ing in this, they changed their mireilesyfcßt for- 1 tunately have thus far succeeded onlyln kill'iaf" two women in the city, Tbew commanders Butler, Mc'fseil and 'furchin, whoso hdrriUa made their name# widely no lor ious, and evety where execrable, arts stiH honors ed and cherished by the authorities mWasfiiag ton. The first named, after having been with* drawn from the scenes of his cruelties against women and prisoners of war, (in reluctant con* cession to the demands or outraged humanity in Europe.) has just been put in a new csnmanit at Norfolk, where helpless wotnen and children are again placed at his mer^y. Nor lias less unrelenting 'warfare been wagw? by these pretended friends Of human rights* and liberties against the unfortunate J Whenever the enemy have been able to gijjlrt tm access they have forced into-the ranks of their jf army every able-bodied man that they could seize, and hive either left the aged, the yeoman, and the children, to perish by starvation or have gathered them into camps where they have been wasted by a frightful"mortality. Without cloth ing or shelter, often without food, Incapable, without supervision, of taking tlie most ordinary precautions agninst disease, these helpless de pendents, accustomed to have their wants sup plied by the foresight of their masters, are be ing rapidly exterminated wherever brought in contact with the invaders. 15y the Northern man, on whose deep-rooted prejudices no kindly restrained influence is exorcised, tliey are trail ed with aversion and nrglcct. There is litllo hazard in predicting that, in ail localities where the enemy have gained a temporary' foodiold, the negroes, who under our carodncrcased six fold in number since their importation in the Colonics of Croat Britain, will have been re duced by mortality, duriug the war, to not mope than one-half their previous number. Information ou this subject is derived not on ly from our own observation and from reports of the negroes who succeed in from the enemy, but full confirmation is afforded by statements published in the Northern journals by humane persons engaged in makjpg appeals to the charitable for aid in preventing the rav ages of disease, exposure and starvation among the negro women and children who are crowded into encampments. l'he frontier of our country ber.rs witness to the alacrity and efficiency with which the gen eral orders of the enemy have been executed, in the devastation of the farms, the destruction of the agricultural implements, the burning of the hou.-js, nad the plunder of everything move i able. Its whole aspect is a comment, on the etliic3 of general order issued by the United States on the 24th of April, 1863, comprising "irtstructions for the government of the armies of the United States in the field," and of which the following is an example: "Military necessity admits xf all direel de struction of life or limb of armed enemies, arid o r other persons whoso destruction is incident ally unavoidable in the Armed contests of tbe •war; it allows of the capture of every afmod enemy, and of every enemy of importance to the hostile Government, or of peculiar danger to the captor , it allows of all destruction of property and obstructions of the ways pnd channels of traffic, travel or communication, and of all withholding of sustenance or means ot life from the enemy ; of tbe appropriation of whatever an enemy's ooutttry affords necess ary for the subistence and safety of the army ; and of snch deception as docs not involve the breaking of good faith, either positively pledged, regarding agreements entered into during the war, or supposed by tho modern law of war to exist. Men who take up arms against.one an other in public war, do not cease, on, this ac count, to be moral beings, responsible to one another and to God." •The striking contrast to these teachings adil practices presented by our army when invading Pennsylvania illustrates the moral character of our people. Though their forbearance may have boen unmerited and unappreciated by the enemy, it was imposed by their own self-respect which forbade their degenerating from Christian warriors into plundering ruffians, assailing the property, lives and honor of helpless non-com bntnnts. If their conduct when thus contrast ed with the inhuman pi notices of onr foe, fail to command the respect nnd sympathy of civ ilized nations in our day. it cannot fcil to be recognized by their less deceivod posterity. coNci.rsioy. The message concludes as follows: "l'he hope last year entertained of an carlys termination of Ul9 war has not been realized. Could carnage have satisfied tlio appetitoof our •enemy for the destruction of human life, or gficf havfe uppeased their wanton desiro to inflict hu man suffering, there has been bloodshed enough 011 both sides, and two lands have liten suffi ciently darkened by the weeds of mourning to induce a disposition for peace. "If unanimity in a people could dispel delu sion, it has been displayed too unmistakably. not to have silenced the pretence that tho Southern States ware merely disturbed by a factious in surrection, and it mu3t ■ long since have been admitted that they were but exercising their reserved right to modify their own fJoVernment in such manner as would best secure their own happiness. But tlicsc considerations have bean powerless to allay the unchristian hate of those who, long accustomed to draw largo profits from , a. union with us, cannot control the rage exel-' ted by the conviction that they, by their own fully, destroyed the richest sources of their pros-, pcrity. They refuse #ven -* listen to proposals for the only peace possible hot ween us— a pdate which, recognizing the impassable gulf which divides us, may leave tits two peoples separately to recover from the injuries inflicted 011 both hy. the causeless war now waged against us. 1 flay- 1 ing begun thti war In direct violatibn of their' Constitution, which .forbatlp die uttonipt.tp,co erce a State,'they have betfh hhrcienefl liy'ei ime, until thoy no limpet- attethpt to dFft their piir^' jpose to -destroy thoinatilotSona ar.d *>bvN-the iTOvernmcnt and independence uf tl>cso States.: We now know that tbe only reliable hope for peace is in tho vigor of our resistance, arthe cessation of their hostility, is ouly to be expect ed from the. pressure of tiveir necessities. ■ 1 <l Tho patriotism of "tho people has provedo quai to every saerifico demanded by our coun try's need. Wo have, been unitod-as a pinmia never wero united ttuder lifce circumstances fore. Giod has blessed us with sucopss disptp portiouato to our moans, and under His divinlP-1 favor our labors must at last To" crowucd tafHßjffl the reward due to men who have given all titer' ■ possessed to the rigfaMaue defence of their
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