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FET R¥.
THE BROOK.
BY DR. J. lIAYXES.
A sweet little brook from a shady nook,
Came forth with a merry song,
And clapp'd its pale hands to the flow'r-clad lands
As it gently crept along.
It was pure and bright as the diamond's light,
That sparkles beneath the sea,
And as free from care as the wavelets there,
That roll in immensity !
'Twas sprightly and young, and healthy and strong
And laughed tLe gay hours away ;
And danced by each hill at the music's trill,
And kissed the bright flow'rs all day!
And onward it ran, 'neath the rainbow's span,
Painting itself with its hues,
And frolick'd all day in the rosy rav,
And from its wing shook the dews !
And life was a gleam of a fairy dream,
To the little babbling brook,
As it kiss'd the branch in its upward glance, j
That shaded the sylvan nook.
For all the bright day, the birds piped away,
And flow'rs in each little nooW,
With roguish dark eyes, looking down in surprise, j
Flattered the proud little brook.
But when the dark clouds in their ebon shrouds, '
Proclaimed the bright season gone,
The birds had ail fled' and the flow'rs were dead,;
And the brook was lett alone !
But then it was young, and healthy and strong, ;
And knew not the pains of strife ;
For where it had gone the sun e\er shone,
And it thought it could dar.ce through life.
<ll isccilaitcou s.
ANCIENT COIKTSIiIP.
<N VARIOUS ACES AM) VARIOUS COUNTRIES.
The Hebrews were a peculiar people in all
respects, and not least so in a matrimonial view.
The obligation devolving upon the Israelitish
juveniles, belore attaining to the joys ot connu
biality, were emphatically peculiar. For in
stance, when Tsaac desired a wife lur himself,
his father sent Eleazar, his servant, to court a
bride for him. Isaac did not say, "1 w ill make
mvself beloved of a maiden; I must entertain her
with fine discourses, and offer engaging presents;
1 must incessantly praise her beauty; 1 must
only go by night to see her; when a thing i>
knowa to a third person it never succeeds," not
at all—neither he nor his father knew Rebecca.
But when Eleazar made his proposals, Lilian,
her broth-.r, asked her if she would go with the
man,and she answ. red, "I w iil go." \Y e see
that love was not consulted in this case; thi
marriage was rather a bargain between Abraham
and Rebecca. Nor was it customary for (be af
fections to rule, there being oltentimes no con
sultation between the parties. It was usual fur
won.au to Le courted by proxy, rhus, Sechem,
though stronly moved to love Dinah, did not
disclose it in'the bosom of his beloved, but made
advantageous offers to her brothers, "As.; me
never so much dowry, and I will give according
us you will say unto me." Jacob, however,
innovation upon this custom, and visited
Rachel himself; lie drew near and kissed her,
and lifted up his voice and wept. Jacob made
anotheradvar.ee upon the times. We have
said that love had but little to do with their
marriages; wives were regarded as a species ol
slaves,°andnot at alias companions; hence "fil
thy lucre" was the charm which ruled the mar
riage lies. Affection and sentiment gave place
to < T old and goods. But Jacob was a semimen
taHover, and when he found that he had not
the treasure equal to the price set upon Rachel,
he condescended to purchase her hy servitude,
and manifested disappointment when the ten
der-eyed Leah was faithlessly imposed upon
him instead, of the beautiful Rachel.
It had been a custom in all times, for the
declaration of love to falj upon the man.
Whether this is proper or not, long usage lias
given it an authority not to be easily overcome;
but theie have been exceptions to this rule.
An Israel it ish widow had, by law, the power
of claiming in marriage the brother ot the de
ceased husband, and he, in return, had the lib
erty to refuse; under the condition, however,
that the woman would come to him, in the pres
ence of the elders, and loose the shoe from his
foot and spit in his face.
A similar custom prevailed among the llu
rons aud Iroquois. When a wife dies the hus
band is obliged tu warry the sister, or in her
stead the woman whom the family ot the de
ceased shall select. A widow is also OoLgedto
marry a brother of her deceased husband. Ihe
same thing is juaclised in the Caroline Islands.
in the Isthmus of Darien the right ot asking
in marriage is lodged in and promiscuously ex
ercised by both sexes, without the least hesita
tion or embarrassment: and in the 1 kraine the
same thing is carried further, the women more
generally courting than the men. When a
ymung woman falls in love with a young man,
| she goes to his lather's house and reveals hei
passion in a most tender and pathetic manner,
| and promises most submissive obedience. Should
j he make excuse, she jesolves to persevere, and
takes up lodgings; should he continue obstinate
| the church takes her side, her kindred are ready
'to avenge her honor, and he has no nthvr me
thod but to betake himself to flight, till she is
. otherwise disposed of.
From the story of" Delilah, it would seem
that the young men of Israel were denied tin
power of asking a female in marriage. Samson
| saw in Simnali one that was beautiful, and he
I said to his father, "I have spen a woman of the
j daughters of the Philistines, now therefore get
i her for me to wife." Hut his parents objected:
he, however, did not elope nor threaten to go to
j I exas; but merely repeated, "Get Iter for me,
i for she ph-asetli me well."
j From the lime of the nation spoken of to the
; Greeks, little is known of this matter. In the
East the women being so little seen, the privi
! lege of courtship was eagerly seized, and as
j there was often a plurality of lovers, it soon be
came fashionable to fight for "a fair lady." As
j society improved, this barbarity declined, and
j instead of fighting, a public exhibition in dester
j if}' and in arms was the criterion of desert.—
j But as it gave rise to animosities, which were
j haodell down from generation to generation, a
| method of bargain and sale marked the further
I progress of society. Thus it was among the
j Greeks. As a lover seldom had opportunity to
j disclose, his love to his mistress, he was accus-j
| tomed to inscribe her name on the walls ol his i
house, the trees in the public walk, and to deck i
j the door of his fair one's house with flowers and !
[ garlands, and to make libations of wine before j
it, and to sprinkle the entrance with the same
iujuor, after the manner that was practised at .
the temple of.Cupid. Garlands were .of great
use among the Greeks in affairs of love; when
a man united his garland, or a woman composed
one, it was a confession of having been subdued
by this passion. Their method of prosecuting i
their love affairs was still worse.
riiey resorted hi incantations and philtres,
th e sale ot which was extensively carried on; j
they were so violent as to deprive the person
who took them of sense, and not uncommonly j
of life. I hey also used to melt wax images be- j
fore the fire, believing the persons represented
by then, would be proportionably wanned bv j
love. These, and many others equally foolish, J
U'* 1 rrfiiifclanllf v I i
fad the Greeks in these things. Plutarch tells j
us that Lucullus, a lioman general, lost his sen- i
st's by a love potion: and Caias Caligula was
thrown into a tit ot madness by one which was
given him by his wife, C'tcsonia. Lucretius, too,
fell a sacrifice to the same folly.
While the Greeks and Romans were found;
in these foolish practices and narrow opinions,
tite barbarians, the Creles, Cauls ano Germans,
although their wives were a species of slaves,
had arrived at a much superior point in the re
lations of love. They regarded their wives
with respect and veneration they were gal
lant and sentimental—and desired the affections
and hearts of their mistresses. Scandinavian
women were chaste, proud and scarcely less
emulous of glory than the men, and consequent
ly demanded lovers distinguished in the field.—
The Saccea had a custom, when a young man
paid his addresses to a lady, fur him to engage
in single combat: if iie vanquished, he led tier
ofl' in triumph, if she conquered, he was her
husband and slave.
Such are some of the modes of ancient court
ship, a full account of which would form an in
teresting and instructive chapter.
NORTH CAROLINA. —Travelling on the cars
from O to M , not long since, in
the night, we happened by good fortune to get
into the same box with a regular blue-devil ex
terminator, by whom, let it be supposed, our
drowsy optics were kept expanded. Hiis indi
vidual answered to the name of "Bat;" and his
description of "N'orf Kerlina," her manners
and customs, gave the listener any thing but a
favorable impression of the tar and turpentine
state—thus :
•'Why, gentlemen, a dog with a long tail in
North Carolina would be as great a show as a
Siiggerwith three heads."
"Why so?" asked several.
"They cut 'em off to prevent them knocking
j off huckleberries when they are chasing foxes
i and rabbits that run through the woods."
"Pshaw!" came from a listener.
"Fact, certain as rain; and you never see a
! man or boy there with buttons on his pants."
"What then?" asked one.
"Pegs," replied the ever imperturbable Rat.
"Wear buttons all off climbing alter persim
; mons."
"Go it. Bat," cheered an acquaintance.
"And I'll tell you anothei tiling," he contin
ued, "they have to bell the little niggers there
|jut as we do calves."
"What for?"
i "So their owners can tell which gopher hole
' they're in."
A genera! scream followed this—the engine
squealed, and we all jumped off at M .
(LP*A wag was one day speaking of two of
his acquaintances who had gone West, where
the newcomers were usually attacked the first
season with the ague, and said he—
"Neither of those two men will be afflicted."
"Why not ?" inquired a bystander.
"Because," was the reply, " one of them is
too lazy to shake, and the other won't shake
unless lie gels pay for it."
T£jF = "A l n accepted lover one day walking in
a pretty village in Bedfordshire, along with the
i object of his affections hanging upon his arm,
and describing the ardency of his love, remark
led:
"How transported I am to have you hanging
: on my arm !"
"Upon irtv word," said the lady, "you make
us out a very respectable couple, when one is
transported and the other is hanging '
OCr'The following original lines, by C.
Chauncey Hurr, tell a piquant story of Cupid,
which the votaries of the bow-boy may ponder:
Have you seen a little child,
With a face so bewitchirtgly mild?
Beware!
With his little bow and string,
He's a harmless looking thing—
Beware!
Lovers tell you he is blind;
But 'tis false, as you will find
Beware!
Once be kissed a pretty maid;
But he boxed his ei.rs, and said
"Beware!"
Thoughtlessly I took his part,
When lie shot me through the heait!
Beware!
DOSING A TRAVELLER.'"
A HOTEL SCENE.
DY 11. KOSIIOOT.
It was at one of'lhe extensive hostelrits which
are to be "tied up to" in most of the large towns I
in the interior of New York, that the follow-J
ing scene actually occurred, as can be proved i
by a cloud ol witnesses who have heard the •
landlorJ tell the atari/.
The hotel referred to was, on lh occasion of;
which we are speaking, rather full, and the j
nephew of the landlord lay sick in one of the t
rooms on the third floor. He was to receive!
medicine during the night from the hands of a !
person who had been procured to "watch" with •
him. The landlord had entrusted the afore- !
said watcher to administer a portion of some j
little physic to the patient at I'd o'clock ; the j
dose to be repeated at certain nours ol the night. !
'Tie is rather techy," said tlie landlord, "and
you had better keep out of his room until vou
go up to give him the medicine."
"Uh, lor that matter," replied the watcher, j
who was a novice in the vocation, "I preler
to sit here and he eyed a sola which was in
the apaitment, in a suspicious manner.
"H ell" said the landlord, won't forget
the number of bis room !"
"No sir." ,
without making such a confounded fuss as he
made with the last dose. Tell him thut I said
he must take it—it's good for him."
"Yes sir."
''Good night."
"Good night."
lloftitace teiired and the watcher deposited
himjgl£on the sofa from which he was roused I
by tins own snoring at a quarter before one.
In dismay and confusion he seized the potion j
and hurried up stairs.
The sick man was lodged in No. 52, but ;
the nurse in his haste mistook No. 53 for it,'
and entering the latter, he saw a person lying
in the bed, face upward, with his month wide
open, respiring with that peculiar gurgle in the
throat which indicates siiung lungs and a piethu
i ic habit.
"Ah ! mentally exclaimed the astute watch
er, "he makes a lu.-s about his medicine, does
he ? I'm blowed though il he don't take one
dose quietly—beloie lit- wakens up in fact !"
The idea of giving a potion of bitter physic
to a somnolent patient was sufficiently ridicu
lous ; but when we consider that the watcher
hail entered the wrong room and was about to
administei it to the wrong man, the affair be
comes still more ludicrous.
Our friend, the watcher, actt d promptly,
and having tilled the bowl ola large spoon
with the medicine, he forced it down the
throat ot the sleeping traveller, who happened
to be a healthy Hibernian that hail never tasted
physic belore in his life. Ihe Irishman strug
gled and bit the spoon severely, but the watcher
plunged il still deeper in bis throat sayin iT as
he did so:
"Oh, but you must take it—the landlord says
you must!"
The nasty dose went down, but w hen Patrick
recovered his Lr<aitiand began to pour forth his
objurgations in Ins own 1 1uliar rhetoric, the
watcher discovered that he had committed an
egregious blunder, and seizing his light fled
from the room.
The astonished and enraged traveller sprang
irom his bed, and was soon heard rushing about
in search of the landlord swearing vengeance
against linn and all connected with his house.
On he came, tearing through the passages, bang
ing the doors, and roaring like a grizlv Lull
"00-00-oli ! it's kilt I am, be dad, any how.
Au-uh ! I'm chaw ked with pison.—Divi! a bit
u-v a fururn in the wist hern counthry will I
buy now—for I'm a dead man ! The pison is
eating me up jist. Ocli ! it's enough to make a
dog throw his lather in the fire ! Hooly Saint
Patrick ! Landlord ! landlord ! land-10-o-o-o-r-r
i-d !"
Pat had by this time descended to the floor
on which the landlord's apartment was situated
and tin* worthy host, hearing the hillabulloo,
opened his dooi and asked what was the matter?
'•Ah !is it there ye are ! Come out for a
bating or om efcll ye! A d d poorly
house yer kapen, to sindyer man into an honest
thraveller's room to pison the innocent divi! in
his slape ! Ugh! the Lifter nasty pison !
come out here, and I'll lather ye like blazes !"
"What's the matter, my good tiiend !"
inquired Boniface.
"Ow ! the matter is !—whin 1 was waked
from my swate slape and a big dirty braggard
stood lornint me rammm' a big In-dle down me
trote full ov pison—an' sez he you must take it,
the landlord sez so! An, now what's the
matter, sez you ! An' that's one ov yer tbricks
on travellers !
"Come out here an' I'll hate ye. Be the
bfnod of the hooly marthers, I'll brake ivory
1 bone in yer ugly body ! I'll Cache ye to pison
Freedom of Thought and Opinion.
BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 21, 1858.
a dacent thraveller, that's goin' to buy land in
the wist hern counthry !"
The Irishman here became entangled in the
meshes of a wooden settee which stood in his
way, and, at the same time the landlord's wife
seized her wrathy lord—although a host in
himself, she was not willing to riskhimina
rough and tumble fight iu the dark—and
having plucked him back into her sleeping a
jmrtment, she locked the door and bolted it
securely*.
The prospective purchase of"wisthern lands"
having extricated his legs and arms from those
of the setiee, still thirsted lor the landlord's
blood.
"Bring me tell the murlheria ould vilyan ;
let me come at him !"
At this juncture, however, Mick, the hostler,
made his appearance with a lantern, which he
held up to the physic-smeared face of the enra
ged traveller with a polite request that he would
hould his tongue. But Mick was at last com
pelled to give his fallow countryman a good
beating, which had the effect to restore hiin to
good humor, and when he found that he was not
"pisoned ' after all, he retired once more to his
b<-d to dream of ins lt farum " which he was
going to buy in the "wistheru country."—Bos
ton Daily Times.
THE PROPERTY OF STATESMEN.
Statesmen, who are worthy of the appellation
given tli'-jii, generally fail to secure fortunes.
1 ht-y devote themselves to pursuits, which, if
honestly adhered to, rarely yield rich rewards.
Jefferson died comparatively poor. Indeed,
it Congress had not purchased his library, and
given for it five times its value, he would, with
difficulty, have kept the wolf from his door.
Madison saved money, and was comparati velv
rich, loadd to his fortunes however, or rather
to those of his widow, Congress purchased his
manuscript papers, and paid thirty thousand
dollars for tiiein.
James Monroe, the sixth President of the
United States, died in this city, so poor that his
remains found a resting-place through the chari
ty of one ot our citizens. They remain in a
cemetery in Second street, but no monument
marks the spot where they repose.
John Quiucy Adams faft some hundred and
fifty thousand dollars, the result of industry,
prudence, and inheritance. He was a man of
Tif iiuren is v erd rich. Tfffdugbbuf
his political life, he has studiously looked out
for his own interest. It is not believed that he
ever spent thirty shillings in politics. His
party shook the bush, and he caught the bird.
True to the instinct oi his nature, he believes
that chanty is a cheat.
Daniel Webster squandered some millions
in liis life time, the product of his speculations.
He died, leaving his property to Hi is children,
and his debts to his friends. The former sold
for less than twenty thousand dollars—the lat
ter exceeded two hundred and fifty thousand.
Henry Clay left a veiy handsome estate. It
probably exceeded one bundled thousand dollars.
He was a prudent manager; and a scrupulously
honest man.
James K. Polk left about one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars—fifty thousand of which
he saved from his Presidency of four years.
John Tyler is worth fifty thousand dollars.
Before he leached the Presidency he was a
bankrupt. In olfice, he husbanded his means,
and then married a rich wife.
Zachary Taylor left one hundred and fifty
thousand dollars.
Millard Fillmore is a wealthy man, and
keeps his money in a very stiong and sale box.
It will never be wasted in speculation, or
squandered in vice.
Ex-I'resident Pierce saved some fifty thousand
dollars from his term of service.
Colonel Thomas H. Benton, we are sorry to
sav, died poor. A correspondent of the Phila
delphia liullelin says that, "some time since,
his house, on C street, was burned down, and
lie went to the expense of having it rebuilt ; but
there is a mortgage of -SIO,OOO on it, which
will almost absorb the value ol the property.—
Colonel Benton was anxious that Congress
should purchase 1,000 copies of his Abridgement
ol the Congressional Debates, lor distribution
among the various state libraries and foreign ex
changes. He was of opinion that sucli a pur
chase would be constitutional, and would tend
todilfusea knowletigeof the political history of
the country. Two members of the House of
Representatives have the matter under con
sideration, by his request, and will bring it at
an early day, before Congress, with, as they
think, good assurances of success."
We hope that the books will be purchased by
Congress. They are valuable— immensely valua
ble— and should be deposited in different depart
ments al Washington—in the libtarv of Con
gress, and in the Smithsonian Institute. —-V. I.
Mercury.
RELIGION A FOUNDATION OF GKEATXESS. —
Milton makes religion the foundation of true
greatness. In promising to undertake some
thing that might be of use and honor to bis
country, he says:
'•This is not to be obtained but by devout
prayer to that Eternal Spirit that can enrich
with all ntt.'iance and knowledge, and sends out
his seraphim with the hallowed fire of his altar
t.j touch and purify the lips of whom he pleases.
To (Lis must be added industrious and select
reading, ar.d steady observation and insight into
all seemly anil generous arts and affaus.
TF°""l don't think its any use to vaccinate
for small-pox," said a backwoods Missourian,
lor I had a child vaccinated, and he fell out
of a window and was killed in less than a week
alter."
[CF"At Portland, Maine, a fire company has
come within the influence of the revival, and
taken two seats at one of the churches in the
name of the company, the rent of thern to e
; pai 1 out of the funds of the company.
LETTER OF A DYING WIFE.
The following most touching fragment of a
letter from a dying wife to her husband, was
found some months after her death, between
the leaves of a religious volume, which she was
very fond of perusing. The letter, which was
literally dim with tear marks, was written long
before her husband was aware that the grasp of
the fatal disease had fastened upon the lovelv
form of his wife, who died at the age of nine
teen :
"When this shall reach your eye, dear
George, some day when you are turning over
the relics of the past, I shall have passed away
forever, and the cold white stone will he keep
ing its lonely watch over the lips you have so
often pressed, and the sod will be growing green
that shall hide forever from your sight the dust
of one who has often nestled close to your warm
heart. For many iong and sleepless nights,
when all hut my thoughts were at rest, I have
wrestled with the consciousness of approaching
death, until at last it has forced itself upon my
mind, and although to-you, to others, it might
seem but the nervous imagination of a girl,
yet dear George, it is so. Many Wvary nighfs
have 1 passed in the endeavor to reconcile my
self to leaving you, whom 1 love so well, and
this bright world of sunshine and beauty; and
bard indeed is it to struggle on silently and alone
with the sure conviction that I am about to leave
all forever and go down into the dark valley.
"But, I know in whom I have believed, and
leaning on His arm, I fear no evil."
Da not blame me tor keeping even all this
from you. How could I subject you of all others,
to such sorrow as I feel at parting, when time
will make it apparent to you. 1 could have
wished to live, if only to be at your side when
your time shall come, and pillowing your head
upon my breast, wipe the death damp from your
brow, and usher your departing spirit into its
.Maker's presence embalmed in woman's holiest
TYJV ¥ is 6T \Vaiuini£, rtirougn fong
and dreary nights, for the spirit's final flight,
and of transferring my sinking head from your
breast to my Savioi's bosom. And you shall
share my last thought, and the last faint pressure j
of the hand, and the last feeble kiss shall be '
yours, and even when flesh and heart shall have
failed me, my eyes shall rest on yours until ■
placed in death: and our spirits shall hold one
last communion until gently fading from my
view—the last of earth—you shall mingle with
the first bright glimpses of the unfading of the
better world, where partings are no more.
Well do I know the spot, my dear George
where you wil llay me. Often have we stood by
the place, and as we watched the mellow sunset,
as it glanced in quivering flashes through the
leaves, and burnished the grassy mound around
us with stripes of burnished gold, each, perhaps,
has thought that some day one of us would come
alone, and whichever it be, your name would
be on the stone. But we loved the spot, and I
know you will love it none the less when you
see the same sunlight linger and play above
the grass that grows over your Mary's grave.—
I know you will go there, and my spirit will
be with you then, and whisper among the
waving branches : "I am not lost, but gone !
before."
Which are the best Ilcrsesto H ear.
This is a subject on which there will doubt
less be a great difference of opinion, but it all
depends upon this ;at what work are they'to be
used, and how are they to be fed ? There can
be no doubt that for heavy work, such as heavy
teaming, plowing, and the like, where horses
are driven slowly and well fed, that those six
teen hands will wear best, and what is more,
give the Ust satisfaction to their owner; who
does not like to follow the plow after such a
team ? But is a fault in too many of the
horses which are bred at the present time—
they have the extra hand all in the leg, and the
man who knows anything about a horse will
give all such animals a wide berth, as they are
decidedly the worst to wear that there is to be
found.
.Again if horses are to be sometimes worked
hard, at other times driven hard and what is
worse than all, and but too often the case, poor
ly fed into the bargain the small horses, such as
the French breed will stand such treatment
better than any other with which I am acquain
ted. They are hardy, easy to keep, and will
stand to be driven on the jump the one hour,
and draw a heavy load the next. So the man
who wants to get horses to wear well had bet
ter first consider how he is to use them and the
work they are to perform, and then he can
easilv judge of the horses that will suit him.—
Genessee Farmer.
[CP* A young lady who is well posted in all
the fashionable literature of the day, quotes By
ron and Tom Moore, and works blue-tailed dogs
in sky-colored convulsions, to perfection, inno
cently inquired of a young gentleman the other
ni<rbt who this Mr. Lecompton was who had
occasioned so much trouble at Washington'
WUOLU M Tlltl lt ®7r.
Farmers' Column.
TO MARE CREAM CfIEESE.
Ihe following two receipts we copy from
the Gardiner's Chronicle , an English 'publica
tion, and we think they will satisfactorily an
swer several queries made of us on the subject.
It any ot our farmers' wives and daughters have
receipts, we will receive them with thanks.
[ED. GEK. TLL.
lake a quart of cream, or if not desired very
rich, add thereto one pint of new milk ; warm'
it in hot water till it is about the heat of milk
from the cow, add a small quantity of rennet,*
(a table spoonfull is f suffici£nt,) let it stand till
thick, then break it slightly with a spoon, and
place it in the frame in which vou have pre
viously put a fine canvass cloth ; press it slight
ly with a weight ; let it stand a few hours,
then put a finer cloth in the frame : a little
powdered salt may be put over the cloth. It
will be fit for use in a day or two.
ANOTHER METHOD.—If cream is scarce, so
that a sufficient quantity cannot be had at once,
take a fine canvass bag, and pour as much cream
as you may happen to have, into it, adding
additional small quantities twice a day, and
from its becoming naturally sour, the thin part
will drain through the canvass, and the remain
der will prove an excellent cheese. If one
quart of cream can be had at once, and poureif
into a fine hag, it will make a nice
sized cheese.
THE WHEAT CROP.—The Cincinnatti Price
Current has information from all sections ofthe
VYestern States relative to the extent and pres
ent prospects of the growing wheat crop, arid
reports that the quantity of land sown with
wheat in the fall was larger than in the previ
ous year, the weather during September being
especially favorable for it. At the commence
ment of winter the growth was uncommonly
lorward, and at the close of the month of March
the.nrowct Car n abundant crop was never
winter, it is generalising 3G
well until about the first ot June, when the nex 1
crisis of the crop comes.
Pasture Grounds.
Next to the importance of having good stock,
is that of providing good pasturage. All lands
are not adapted to this purpose. There is a
vast ditference in the quality of the grasses, and
we consequently find that some pastures in'
which there is a luxuriant and well sustained
crop of herbage, the season through, the animals
pastured on them always famish. Other lands
devoted to this use while they appear "short and
dry," turn out their tenants in the fall, in a
condition obviously improved—they are fat and
sleek, and exhibit no signs of having been
pinched for food, but the reverse. Low lands
which are generally saturated with water
which becomes stagnant, produce sedge and
rushes, and other species of aquatic, or semi
aquatic grasses, and can never be rendered
good for pasturage without draining. Although
they produce an abundance of green and appar
ently succulent herbage, the animals are in
variably poor—afford but little milk, and come
to the barn in ttie autumn lean and enfeebled.
High grounds, although they are more liable
be seriously affected by drought, have the
vantage of producing a more nutritive quality
of food. The grasses are short, sweet, and
highly nutritive and animals pastured upon them
gain rapidly in flesh, and produce not only a
largpr quantity of milk, but that oi a superior
quality-
Yet the best pasture lands, like grass and
cultivated soils, in general, will nevertheless,
in time, become sterile; the more valuable kinds
of grass will "run out," and be supplanted by
others of a less desirable or entirely worthless
class. Nature, in this seems to corroborate the
importance of a rotary system of cultivation
with respect to all the more valuable produc
tions. After producing a certain class of plants,
for a stated or definite period, the soil appears
to weary of it, and to demand a change. We
see, in our forests, that the oak succeeds the
p.ne, and the pine the oak. So in fhe minor
productions. Corn cannot be cultivated with
success on the same soil, more than three sea
sons in succession, at most. Wheat never
succeeds more than two, and clover and the
other cultivated grasses deteriorate after yield
ing a few crops, and finally depreciate and
i dissappear.
By breaking up our pasture grounds occa
sionally, applying manure and plaster, and
stocking down with fresh seed, we should find
the soil would be vastly benefitted and improv
ed. Where the surface is such as not to favor
this kind of amelioration, the use of plaster,
ashes, lime, nitrate of soda salt, and other simi
lar fertilizers, is of great benefit. Poudrette
and guano, as well as bone dust and ground
oyster shells, have been used with good success,
especially on sandy pastures. But as to guano,
I cannot recommend it for this purpose, at the
present high pi ices.
VOL 1, NO. 42.