dominion far and wide. The name of a Greek became synonymous with all that was great among men. i heir descendants were painters and sculptors, who furnfohed models for every succeeding generation ; poets, whose sublime s'trains have been feebly imitated ever since . philosophers and statesmen, whose words of wisdom will he heard with reverence to the end of time; warriors, whose deeds made Ther mopylae atui Marathon the watchword of tiie free; and orators, "Vi tie wielded the fierce democratic at will. Shook the arsenal, and ftil mined over (Jreece." They were not unmindful ot the benefac tress, who had given the fir.-t impulse to their high career. They assigned her celestial pa rentage. Temples were erected to honor tier. 1 hey believed, that though her home had long been fixed among the stars, she still presided over their affairs and pleaded their cause in the Senate of the Gdds. They painted her figure, as they imagined it, all radiant with superna tural beauty—her band bearing the horn of plenfv, ami her head garlanded with ears of wheat. They worshipped her with ail the f< r vor of idolitrous veneration, and for a long lapse of centuries they knew not, that the la bors of the farm were blessed and rewarded by a greater deity than CERES. To this day we .keep her memory alive by calling the most use ful of agiicuitural products alter tier name—the cereal grains. Such, wP may suppose, was the transition state of agriculture—the passage horn ignor ance, barbarism, sloth and hunger, to systemat ic industry, refinement and plenty. It was only a beginning. It has been advancing some what ever since, though the arts which sprang from it have outgrown their parent. Number less instruments for the saving of labor ami time have been invented.- Preparing the ground, sowing, harvesting and threshing may all be done now with machinery vastly improved. The character, nature and value of jurat nets, are better understood. ew breeds of stock are introduced. Chemistry analyses every soil, and shows precisely what elements it needs to increase its fertility. Highly concentrated ma nures are imported from the most distant parts of the world, and others are manufactured at home, out of'substances, which, once, were not onlv wasted, hut suffered to reek their offensive odors on the atmosphere, and jtoison the health of the people. 11l the days of Augustus, the fields of Italy, (then the centre of civilization,) were culti vated with an instrument resembling what we call a shove! plough—onlv it no shovel. The immediate pre^of tile patent plough, in use at tic .was not much better. Most of you "a low, long, rakish looking crflHp,u wooden mouldboard had to he ch"jfPo <-v-%y ten rods, and its wrought iron share and lift er taken to the blacksmith shop at hast once a Week. The most important improvements yet made in agriculture have never been adopted here. A simple fact will show how much they have done for another country. Mr. Maithus, one of the profoundest thinkers of his day, calcu lated tljat the population of England would in crease so rapidlv, supposing its natural growth to b.e unchecked, that at the end of a certain time the soil would not yield a subsistance for the halffof the people. For the other halt star vation was the only prospect, unless a merci ful Providence would kindly send war, pesti lence and plague, to thin them out, and reduce their numbers to a level with the quantity of food, which they could produce. This dismal theory was believed by the foremost men in the world: and it would have been true, if the land had not, afterwards, been cultivated with greater ski!! than before. Put it turned out to be a total mistake. The population of England did increase as rapidly as Maithus predicted : ln.it the agricultural products of the country have increased in a ratio two hundred and fifty per cent, greater than the population. The people, who were to be starved long ago, < r else prematurely cut off by millions at a blow, are living better than ever, with two and a half ■times as much food for each individual, as Ih-v Dad when this theory was announced. With the system of cultivation jiractised now in some parts of Europe, the soil of Pennsylva nia could he made to support fifte, mmiliious of persons. There are forge regions in Scotland, naturally poorer than any land we have in this country, and under a sky far less genial than ours, covered all over with crops, which the richest valleys in the West would not he a shamed of: and wheat is produced, bushel lor bushel, at a less expense than it is here. This is but the beginning of the end. All that has wt been done is a nothing compared to what may vet come. Hitherto. Agriculture lias travelling over rough roads, in an old fashioned slow conch. She is about to take the railroad, and. with a mighty train of her sister arts, she will go sweeping along. Not being either a prophet, or the son of a prophet, I have no right to predict anything. But one of these days we may he startled bv some grand discovery, which will burst upon the world, tike the light of a new sun. Very sober-mind ed men live in the hope of such things. One of the most successful farmers in this State lias declared his conviction, that, before long, ma mires will be so concentrated, that a man may carry out, in his pocket handkerchief, what will enrich the land as much as a hundred wa gon loads would now. This is verv extrava gant, no doubt, and quite as foolish as it would have been thirty years ago to prophesy of rail mads, telegraphs, or daguerreotypes. About fifteen years since, a person, whose name I have forgotten, said, that lie knew how any plant, from the tallest forest tree, in the tiniest blade of grass, could be made grow four times as fast as it does naturally, and with almost no additional trouble. The government refused to buy his secret, though the most distinguished men at Washington, to whom it was confidently revealed, certified their belief in it. If it be re ally true, it will be heard of again. It would be something to raise fotir crops a year, instead clone. Actual experiments have repeatedly shown, that a plant may be made to germinate, rise above the ground, unfold its leaves, and grow to maturity so rapidly, that it seems to the beholder like magic. Electric;!v, 1 believe, is tiie stimulus used. A gentleman in England laid a wager that he could rai-" a dish of salad, fit (or use, in less than three quarters of an hour lroin the moment when the seeds were deposit ed in the ground. He tried it, anil won the bet. Profossor Espy has proved, in a manner which admits of no denial, thel even the wea ther may be controlled, ami extensive rains he . produced, bv artificial means. It has been done, more than once, in our own Nate. in 1 inrida, where the materials can i.e easily had. it is no uncommon thing, in a urv time, for persons to get up showers, at an hour's notice, on their own private account. Perhaps such facts as these are more curious limit important. I mention tlmm merely to show tllat there is something to hope for in the future, not from these things only, but others as yet not dreamed of in your philosophy. These are but the shadows which corning events have cast before them. The \v*ve which vviii hear us onward, lias not reached us. But we fee! it swelling he ro ath us, and see its lofty crest in the distance. In a little while, it will lift us nearer the stars titan we ever expected to be in this life. But how are Agricultural Societies to help this cause ? I answer, much every way. No great change has ever been wrought in trie hab its of any people, without a united effort. Po litical principles, mora! reforms, religion itsell, are spread only bv societies. As a bundle of sticks, tied together, is stronger than any separ ate stick, so is the united effort of ari organized body of men more powerful than any seperate efforts which can be made by the individual members. When vou have a building to raise, von do not invite your neighbors!® come at dif ferent times, ami request each one to take a lift by himself. In that way they might break their backs without doing you any good. The building will never go up, unless they all hit together. If agriculture is to be elevated, it can onfv be done by a simultaneous lift. At such a raising von can well afford to spend all | the time that is required. The emulation excited by -such a society, though verv important and useful in its effects, is the least of its advantages. The County so cieties are in communication with the State so ciety, arul with one another. A good thought might be made to travel among them almost as fiist as tile telegraph could cany it, and a hum bug exposed by one need never trouble the rest. All the societies in the State are, in fact, but one ; and vou have the multiplied strength of all to aid you in any enterprise \'ou wish to carry. But the great purpose they serve, is seen in these periodical exhibitions. They are the best means ever yet invented, of collecting the evidences, and satisfying the people on the whole subject. The world is full of imposture. No man but a fool would change his mode of cultivation, or throw away his old implements for others, unless he i;ne.w that he was doing so for lite better. How can he know, unless he has an opportunity of examining ? Seeing is believing. Here, all the successful experi ments made in the whole county, (and many of those made elsew here,) are annually brought together, and sul beted to public inspection: and for each one of them, vou have the sensi ble and true avouch of vour own eyes. It was weli said, in an address delivered here alioi.t six months ago, that we come here not to hear ar guments, but to see facts, and locdc at demon strations. I ought to remind vou.that the State Society is not a mere voluntary association of private in dividuals, hut a public institution established, protected and guarded bv law . Some of you may not know, that the profits of its exhibitions have already made it rich. One ol its officers told me, a few weeks ago. that it hail about forty thousand dollars in its treasury. _Forty thousand more were probably added last week, at Philadelphia. It is proposed to invest tins fund,or a portion of it, in the purchaseof a large farm, ami to establish a school there, at which scientific and practical agriculture will be fully taught: and 1 presume without any expense to the pupil, except the labor lie bestows Oil the f arm. Half a'dozen such schools may be es tablished, in the course of the next ten years, and it will, jterhaps, he your fault, if you do not have one in this part o< the State. Every citizen has an interest in this institu tion—l mean the State Society. You have a legal right to be represented in its councils, and should se-that you are. Ido not know, or be lieve, that it lias vet been touched by any man who is not perfectly honest. Its active members are certainly far above suspicion. But its funds are swelling rapidly, and it seerns very ditiicuit in tiie.se times, to have much treasure dep: sited any where, so safely that this ves will not break trough and steal. Somerset Countv—and eve- ry son that claims her lor his birth-place, or j his abode, mav speak it with honest pride—has j never produced a public defaulter, and her pro- | pie never knowingly sanctioned an act of bad! faith. From the highest to the lowest of her j officers, every one, lor sixty years, has settled a j clean account. In the glory of this enviable! distinction she stands almost alone. It is fit | (hat such a Coor.tv should he well represented, j where there is a common fund, that needs , watching. There are some other topics which ought not to .he overlooked on such an occasion as this. Rut I have already taxed your patience more j than J intended. The fuliite of this on at country is full of ex- i citing hope. Rut it depends entirely on the ; tillers of the soil, whether that hope shall lie) realised, or not. The neglect to improve our; agriculture will be followed by the decay of all i else that we ought to cherish, in morals and government, as- well as in arts. .Mexico lias gone all to pieces—the piop-rty of her people is the spoil of robbers, and their liberty the play thing of a tyrant—simply because her agiicui-l lure is half a century behind the age. Rut tor I this she would have had an independent and j stable government to-day,and might have laugh- ! ed to scorn the force ive sent against her in the ! late war. A well cultivated .soil produces not j only grains, grasses, and fruits, but another, and j far more precious crop—men —men who know 1 their rights, and dare maintain them—a bold, ' honest, and intelligent people—the just pride, - and the sure defence of every nation. On the other hand it startles the imagination ! to think what we mav become m a few years, j if we adopt the improvements already made, j and keep pace with those which are vet to be. j We have the grandest field to work upon that was ever opened to the industry of man. A territory is ours, stretching through every varie- i ty of climate and soil, from the wheat lands of ■ New England, iying, foi half the year, four feet deep in snow, to the orange groves of Texas and New Mexico, where winter never comes—val- ! leys of unbounded fertility—mountains filled j with inexhaustible wealth—lakes that spread ! out with a M a-like expanse—i ivers, which make those ofKtuope seem like brooklets > r > compari- j son—everything, in short, made on a scale ot | magnificent grandeur. The child may now be i born, whose old age will look upion the Ameri- I can people and see them three hundred millions strong. Supp stn ii a i potation, doubling itself ev.-ry tweritv-tw<> years and a half—llvir*tr i under a. government of equal laws—moving on ward and upward, with the energy which free- j dom alone can inspire—and aided by the high- I est sc.ence in making the most of their natural advantages. Who shall curb the carver ot such a country, or set a limit to its deep (mind ed strength ! Milton lon if never dream-d ol a pj'w i ij boundle. .ot a p- ipli so Id-id, oven in that enraptming vLiop, trln-n he saw, "a mighty, Tin,: js.l-sunt uufton, nursing; heis-lt like a strung man after sleep, and shaking her invincible locks," or like an eagle "inning her mighty youth, and kindling her undazzled eye at the lull blaze of tin* mid-day beam : purging and unsealing her sight at the fountain itself Of heavenly radiance." Tin; man, who, with his senses open to the truth, would thwart such a destiny, or refuse his aiJ to accomplish it is a traitor not to Ins country alone—but to the best interests, and highest hopes o! the human race. Another Railroad Collision. Twenty-Five Persons Injured. We find tiie following account of a collision on the Harlem Railroad, in the N. V. Evening Post of the 22d till. A terrible collision happened on the Harlem Railroad at an early hour tiiis morning, near Yorkviile, between two down-trains of the New York and New Haven and New York and Harlem Railroads. As soon as the intelligence was brought to this city, we despatched one of our reporters to the scene of the accident. Upon arriving at 19th street, he saw hun dreds ol people along tin* Harlem Railroad t;.icl. going to the scene of the disaster. The ruins of the collision, the shattered cars, were scattered in all directions about the road and over the embankment. A large number of men were endeavoring to extricate the tender of the loco motive "Albany," which was driven about six feet in the first passenger car behind it. The locomotive's smoke pipe was knocked Over, but the other injuries did not seem to be very gn at. The second car was also hadlv broken, and we were informed that the wheels were driven through the bottom of'the car.— There were four or live cars in the Harlem train, which were filled mostly with mechanics coming to New York on their daily business from the vicinity of Morrisania, Harlem and Yorkviile. The iast car of the freight train, which was the first struck by the locomotive, was almost entirely demolished'. The second car was also smashed, with its contents. The accident is attributed to tiiose in charge of the llarlem road. It is said that there was no brakeman to give the signal to the approach ing train, or the collision might have bc n avoid ed. One gentleman, a resident in the neighbor hood, says the concussion was so violent that ire heard it at the distance of a quarter of a mile. STATEMENT OF A BROTHER, or POLICEMAN STEWART. —The accident occurred in front oi the residence of Wm. P. Stewart, policeman oi tiie Nineteenth ward, at ten or fifteen minutes past six o'clock. The family in the house beard the first whis tle from tiie New Haven train. As soon as the second whistle was sounded, Mr Stewart get up to his window. He was fearful of an accident, on account oil lie whistle, as no such signal is given by an up-train, and immediately went to his window to look. It was light enough for him to see the Hailem train, which was about twenty let t ill the rear ot the New lUven.— "My God," be exclaimed to his wife, "there is more murder." In an instant he saw the locomotive run into the las: car oi the New Haven height train.— Roth trains ran about four feet and stopped.— The tender ot the locomotive drove through the first passenger car of the Harlem train with a tremendous crash. At the first sound of the collision there was a scream of terror among the passengers ia the liarleni cats. Mr. Stewart and his family, and Mr. J. 11. Smith, immediately went to work to rescue the passengers. Twelve of the injured persons weie brought into his house, and the wives ot Robert and V. m. P. Stewart allul'ded all tiie as sistance in their power. About half an hour alter the accident, Drs. Cone, Morris, and another physician came In the house of Mr. Stewart and attended the in jured passngers. There were five cars m the Harlem train at the time of the collision, and each vas full of passengers going to .New York. Two of the cars were greatly damaged. The locomotive also sustained some injury, and the tender was greatly smashed. Tim accident occurred in the vicinity of an embankment, which vaiies from, fitecn to 20 feet. The escape of the rest of the passengers is wonderful. • Earthquakes ia CTalrai Asiprlca. The city of Gautemala has been afliicted with a series of earthquakes which have done sone damage and caused general alarm. The tint shock was a slight one ; and occurred on the 14th oi July. Next day three more took plao, and on the 16th tluee more, still slight in cba acter, and rio shock exceeding one or one-and-s --haif seconds in duration; the direction beirg from s nth to north, unaccompanied bv nmt. On the ilth, about ■)t o'clock, A. M., a smut shock of about two seconds in duration, occur red, with a hollow, rumbling noise, and subie queitt vibration of the earth. The same day,! about twelve minutes before two o'clock, I'. JM., j came two shocks of great violence, witii loni ' noise, doing considerable damage to public and j private buildings throughout the city, throwing | down several small ones, and re-opening fie j small cracks made bv the l arthcpiake o? iSIO, j besides making manv new ones. AH h" ; churches had large cracks in them, and tnatol'} St. Augustine, was badly damaged. Trie struts j were immediately filled with affrighted pecqfe, j the cry of Dios I'UF.RTE resounded on eviry side, some knelt in the streets to pray, and eth ers burned to the churches. The duration of tiie shocks were about four seconds each, he course of the same as before, and the inoliorlof; the undulatorv or horrizpntal kind. At tltee j o'clock another severe shock occurred, fo!lotted j by others throughout the afternoon and ni-ht,! accompanied with a' vibrary motion and a rot:- | hiing noi?;t , the entire number ot shocks being j thirteen. Advices from San'Salvao'or state fiat: occasional shocks ot • arthquakes are still felt j there. Manv families have returned to th ruined citv, from the (act that they are untble ; to find shelter elsewhere. Nothing has vet bten ! done towards commencing tiie new canlol, j owing to the general distress and want of no- j ne_v that exist. Information has also been re-I crived, through tiie Gazette of the St at < of! f'hiapas, tlsat, in the last, rvo k of the tnontl of | May, the large Indian ptiehla of Jamiltepetpe, in the Stale of Oases, distant ten leagues liain j the t ity. was entirely destroyed by a siiecesion ■ of shocks of earthquakes. The loss of lib is . aid to have been gn at. C/7*A tout ix t v clerayreen arc mrrebers oflhe Lcrti-'aiurc oi Ma--ui->iii-ctt. l'iojjre?siVf iigd What are we coming tot j fill BEDFORD liJpTTE. jsst'ctforti, ft? a G. W. Bowman, Editor and Proprietor- JUDGE I> LACK'S i®&HESS. (jy To the exclusion of much of our usual variety, we publish, this week, at length, the great agricul tural ailtire-s of Judge BLACK to which we alluded a week or two since. 1 n doing so, we offer no apology for the space occupied, as we are satisfied it will be read with intense interest by all into whose hands it may fall. It is certainly the. agricultural paper of the age, and is so considered by the able t men arid Journals in the country. We make no comment, but simply advise every man, woman, and child, to lead it, and pounder over the eloquent arguments it presents. Lieut. John Keen - ;*. K7""The numerous friends of this gentleman in Bedford county will rejoice to learn that he i not only well, but that he is doing well, in the '-golden country." Ey the Mariposa t'.ir//'r.V, of September till, 1851, we learn that he and a Mr. Kelly have been engaged for sometime in prospecting a quartz vein, from which they detached a piece ol 70 pounds sup po-ed to contain from S'JOO to Jji-IUO. Their discove ry is suppo-ed to be a continuation of the celebrated Jeukili's vein on the Missouri Gulch. Tliat Mr. Keeil'e may realize a handsome fortune in this enter prize is our sincere wish. He is a worthy young gen tleman, and greatly distinguished himself in the Mex ican War, notwithstanding he is a Catholic ! Prrsldrnl-s Mpssapg. OCT" We expect to-be able to lay before our rea ders, next week, the annual message of President Piuitcii, which, we have no doubt, will he a Docu ment well worthy the high source iioin which it emanates. GJ- Governor BIGLEit, who lias been seriously ill lor a week or ten days past, is rapidly recovering, (as we iearit by a letter from Ilarri-buig,) and will soon be able to attend to the duties of bis office. C7" I'OOU HOUSE APPOINTMENTS Last Tuesday was the day fixed upon to make the appoint ment - at the Poor House for the ensuing year, but ; as only one Director attended nothing was done.— ! Tuesday, l'Jtii inst., has been lixed upon for another ! meeting to make these appointments, and we pre sume the applicants will be present, with their cre dentials. tliii l' JiiMicc; Lilis Leu is. Gov. Bigler has notified the Hon. Lu.is Lewis that he ha- become Clue! Justice ol the t>tat-*, in the room of Hon. J. S. BUAI-K, whose term as C. irl Jus lice expired on the tst in?!. That Judge Lewis will till his new station with a bi'ity and hde'.ity, no one who knows him can doubt. He is now a Judge of great experience, of i,anils of ceaseless industry, of high htciary accomplishment?, tine scholarship and eminent uttuiiimeins in tin science of tiie law, a bright member of, peii.ups, the brightest bench of Judges in.the United Suites. His I elevation to this high po-t is, too, a beautiful illu?- 11 at ion of the practical workings of our republican ! system ot government, by winch the way to ihstinc ' 'ion uiiii honor is as open to the poor and frieiulie-s jus to the rich and well-born. It !? not kali the lilir- I time of an old man since Kl.i.is LKWIS was seen and i known as an itinerant printer, rom jhjsi oir /yy i by i the thousand cm-, to secure what was necessary to | eopipcse the urgent demands ol nature. Without I money, or rieh relations, he was taught, in boyhood, to depend upon his own native energies and genius lor success against the rude impediments ol hie. lie soon became a lawyer ol good standing, then a Judge in the Lycoming District. He was alter wards tuns pianted to the Lancaster District, ami lioiji thence to the Supreme Bench, and now, by virtue of the Constitution, to the summit of tns profession in the State. Nor is this all that he lm? achieved in ;hi brief periml, for, in addition to honni ami distoi- tin, lie has earned what is quite as comfortable, i! not :o enticing, a iair share ol this world's goads. From the New Hampshire- Patriot. THE PROTESTANT JESRi'S. The testimony in the case of Michael lleaidon. re- j cently tried belore the supreme court o! Ma--achii- ' setts, at Lowell, upon a criminal chaige, disclosed I facts ot u startling character relative to the secret j association commonly cylleiL'-kuow-seUiiugs." One | of the witnesses in that ease -wore that the oath ad- I ministered to him when he joined the association was j in Substance that printed in the Boston Po-t ol 251b • October last. Two ot her witnesses, ui-o oreirrbers, j .lid not deny the identity ol that oath. Helping upon j their uncontradicted evidence as conclusive, we co- j py the obligation alluded to as authentic, a- follows-, j ll ( )hl ication. —You, and each of you, of your own ! lie- will nd accord, in the presence of Almighty . Go I and t ~e-e witnesses, your right hand resting on i Tin- Holy Lib:-.* and Cross, ;y,d your left hand raised toward Heaven, or, if it be pre ft reel, your left land | lestmg on your breast, and your right hand raised to ward Heaven, in token of your sincerity, do solemn- j Jy promise and swear that y <tn trill not nt>i/r l/iincn | to any person or pe ■-/, \ ,tu r of the f.lis. . reels, in: -- triors, or objrrtv of this oro-ti It tg at ;;)//, Ull!e-s it be to those whom, aiter due examination, or lawful infor- i nation, yon .-nail find to be member? ot tin- in gam- j Zition 111 good standing ; that yon will not cut, carve, j jirint, paint, stamp, stain, or m any way, directly or j indirectiy, expose any of the secrets or objects ol j this order, nor .sutler it to he doile by others, if in j your power to prevent it, unles- it he ior olfici.i! in- I structmn ; that so long a- you are connected with i this organ.zatiou, if not re;uli!v ilis.i issed from it, j you will in all things, politico / or socio!, ui far as this j order IS coneern-'d, com ft'y irit/i the trill of the ';///■- t it y, when expressed in lawful mariner, tkonph it ma: \ conflict unlit your personal •pnjerrnrc , so long as it does not conflict with the grand, State, or subordi nate constitutions, ihe constitution of the United j States of America, or that of the Stale in which you j reside ; and that you will riot, imdei any ciicumstan- j ces whatever, knowingly recommend an unworthy person for initiation, nor suffer it to be done, if m j your power to prevent it. Von furthermore promise I and declare that you will not vote nor give your in- J tluence for any mart for any office in llie gift of the j people, unless he he an American-horn citizen, in j lavor of Americans bom ruling America ; nor it he I be a Roman Catholic; and that you w ill riot, vinlcs I oil it ei yen instances, r.ipose the name of any member of i this oitler, nor reveal the e l istener. of such on organi- j sotion. To all the foregoing you bind yourselves, j under the no less penalty than that of being expelled I from this order, and having your name posted and ; circulated throughout the different councils of the , United States as a perjurer, and as a traitor to Go,I and your country, as unlit to be employed and tru-t- j ed, countenanced or supported, in any business trans- , action, as a person totally unworthy the confidence | of all good men, and as one at whom th-> linger of scorn should ever he pointed. S-J help you God ! (Each answers, 'I do.' ") We have heretofore remarked on the deplorable J consequences which must ensue from a war ol reli- i gwrns and race- iri our land, but we have not made i any extended comments upon the oi gatiizatioii and' purposes of tins secret association, because we had | no reliable data upon which we could >af*ly repo-p ; and any reflections we may submit to our readers, j now- or hereafter, in this connexion, must depend for ! their force and applicability upon the accuracy of the facts upon which we avowedly base them. If we misapprehend the oaths and requirements of the or der, we shall he prompt to make the proper reputa tion as soon as any one will sati-fy us of our erior. We have no ends at which we aim in alluding to this order but truth's and the best intere-t- of our coun try. We do not know a single member ol the a so ciation. It is the boa-t of the people of the United States, ! that our country is the only oue in which opinion is i tree, in which all men have as-ured political rights, and in winch the powers of the government are de rived from the "consent of the governed." We con tinually -peak of our intelligence, of tiie universality ol education among us, and oi our consequent capa- : cilv for self-government. V'> protto repel ifc talioti in ali it* forms, urn) to lot, speak, and vote with perfect inde|>etMlence iii a4l rases, within the : limits of legal .IIK! moral obligation, Our in.st.tii ! tion.* claim to Ire founded upon tin- *p;rit of universal tolerance, especially in matter- of religion. We hold all public functionaries ton strut responsibility, nut | only in re-ranl to the law, hut also in regard to ptib | lie opinion. We pretend t<> judge the character of ! candidates for office by full and fair consideration*, i and by public discussion, in speectmiid ill the pie,a. j We have secured to oute! vo*, hy cnn-.fitiirion.il COIP- J pact, the right freely to assemble for tbe purpose of | discussing public men and public measures. We : have hitherto assumed'at all tunes that a lull and tree i discussion of men and of measutes is of the very e-- j sence of republican fibeity. And we have never j ceased to reproach the monarchical and aristocratic ; despotisms of other countries with the fact that, owing to tfie absence of public and tree di-ru-Mou i among them, secret conspiracy, midnight cuii.il, and 1 j other clandestine grow up in such i countries as the natural result of the tyranny of irre j sponsible power in the hands of k.ngs and ol en.pe i rors. in the face of these facts, it is reitainly one of the ! most extraordinary phenomena of model n tune*, that i there should have sprung into existence, in theUni j ted S'a!es. a political pntv whose only mode ol ac ! tion seem* to consist of something akin to midnight i conspiracy., the conspirator.* b'-ing handed togeitiei i be oaths binding tlieni to the performance of two j Ihffig* the most degrading to intelligent freemen which it i* possible to conceive, viz : fi, that they will act as the blind, seit*ele* tools ot unknown and irresponsible superior.-, and, upon the mere dictation of such u aster*, think, act, and vote, utterly With out any conscientious deterrninalion of their own judgments, or any manly exercise of their own will-; and, trruii/l/i/, that lor the purpose of thus giving ef fect to the dictatorship of e-utU wasters, they will live and act in the continued practice of duplicity and bad faith towards ail such of their li-llow-crtizciis as do not choose to enter into the disgraceful con spiracy of which they are, at the same time, the instruments and the victim*. What renders such a phenomenon the more mar vellous i*, that the good men, a* piofes* tube— religious men, n; they profess to be—that ministers j of the Gospel even should, by any pos*ibie obliquity | o! mind, become reconciled, to what i*, in efiect, a eorispiiacy also ol perpetual hypocrisy; for it must j now lie univei-ally admitted, 111 the absence ofte-tr ! mo:",' to the contrary, that the member*- of this se : cret association are hound together by a solemn rwtb ; to conceal, not only wlint they do in their midu ght j cuUUs, hut even the fact ol their being members of | the association. A minister of the (In-pel solemnly | swears that he w ill lie on the snhj- et o! h;* niemher slnp—!ie dellbeiiiti 1\ lie constant!y, lie for tile set i and sole purpose of cheating and imjw.s'tig upon his J iel low -clergy men, lus lellovv-men— nay the very ' | pat .shionei s of hi* charge, to whom he is tinder the < holiest obligations Jo be a preacher and a u mh-l of Truth ami sincerity, in the lace of man and of God. ; Does not such an association, therefore, involve it* I members 111 tin* con-tarit vn-iatioii ot ail the ohlign j t.oi.s of a Ireemau, ami a Chi.statu I Our habitual I friend, the manjn win.in we ronjule our hop-* and | our sorrow*-, whom we suppose to be honestly at ' Tarhed to t.s as we are to i.itn, who professes on all I occasion* to co-ope:ate with us a- a brother in the J affair* of life, public and private—This It tend is in I la.-t, a rn.'ttbci of th-s s evict association, and, in j obedience to his secret oath and hi* secret masters, I i* a systematic hypocrite, ami cheat, secretly enga ged to deceive, to defiaud, ami to dishonor w at eve j ry tno.ilent ol hi- lite. Is it possible to conceive of ! anvtiiiug more vile, immuiai, corrupt, infamous, than ! an association which thus obliges to the violation ol j every principle ot Truth am! oi honor ? It the people of the United States had been over run and conquered by some foreign despot, a Louis j Napoleon of France or a Nicholas of Russia; if the i ron<; in-lor* had cotiiiseated the property of the ron i ijuereil, reduced she men To slave*, ami their wives and daughters to shame ; it they had devastated the : country with lire and sword, in The process of thus imposing upon it The barbaric yoke of a metcile.** and relentless foreign soldiery; if the soldiers and i camp-lollow ers of such U conipii-ror were ] into the only freemen, citizens, and voters of the ■ country; if that conqueror tor the purpose of riveting ■ up.-.i the vonijuered the manacles ol h.s tyranny, hail | struck The public press out ot existence, had sup j pressed all -;v-prh am! ;l:-hate, had imposed the penai i Tv ol The rack and tin- gallows upon ali public a-crtl | Idag.- or atT<-mpi at pub! c discussion and co-opera- I Tton i— m Such a state ot til ng*. a* this, it would he I eon.-etvciihli! ftiut we, the conquered and on*laved people of the Unite ! States, should engage in mid ; uigt.t conspiracy agmst our tyrants; that we should j meet theni with smooth laces, hut with rage and re | venge m our le-arts; tliat we should study and prac | tise Tin- arts of deception so as To cin-at Them into ; fancied security until the day and Toe hour should come To r:-e as one man To avenge ourselves on our oppie*-oi*. and recover the liberties and independ ence of the Union. Such awful emergencies have occurred in the history of rations and have served to iiistify, if anything can iustily, the organization of midnight conspiracies for the accomplishment of great political revolutions. il auv such cxigen.-v ot unspeakable public ralam | itv fur w . cfi midnight conspiracy, ami That alone, i aifor<h*d tbe means of escape, now existed in this country, what i* going on aiouind us would b- rvfe | riih!.; to sou.e adequate m lucement, il not ju*tifica ! I ion. But bow petty, how miserable, how contemp | tibie, ere the alleged inducement* of the systematic deception and midnight conspiracy which now rage ; like a p--*tilenre through the land ! A wretched out cast Scotchman, named Sawney M.-Swish, alias, the "Angel Gabriel." n hall-crazy foreign vagabond, j neither an American bv birth, by naturalization, nor ' by any put pose or thought of sympathy with the U iiite.l Slates; :u a wretched Italian called Gavazzi, ' an apo*fate Priest, and le-.al-o, not an American, ei ! tfier hy birth, naturalization, or sympathies; or ano ther wretcln-d Italian, Aeiiiili, likewise an apostate priest, spewed OUT Irom Italy into England, and then spewed out from England into the United States— these are the men who iiiinf here, and were at once accepted, hy the sel('-supposed hater-of foreign influ ; ence among the good people of the l ulled States, as I the apostles of a new faith—that faith being the I apotheosis of ignorance and fanaticism, the new re | vel.ition ol sin. If the members of Ibis great conspiracy stood like I men in the lijfht of day and said: "We are srk of : seemg all tbe ignorance and crime ot Europe thrust upon us; we are wearv nl the sell-sufficient insolence of so many foreigners who, the moment they have landed upon our shore*, set up for the dictators and ; guides ol opinion among us; we desire *ome protec | tion tor our country against the infidelity and the j radicalism ol one class of emigrants, and the stolid | bigotry of another c!s of them —if the new order ; i said tins, publicly and frankly, ami propo-ed and in- , i vited co-operation against the evil*, with a view to j | the government of America by Americans in heart, j i there would he nothing to condemn, hut much to ap- ' plain!, in such a stand. But it t* melancholy to see j | that what there is of semblance of in the pur- I i pose o| this organization i* neutral.zed by the infamy ; : ami the odiousness ol the dishonorable conspiracy by I j which it is sought to be acreoinplished. And it is; i humiliating to the pride o! right-think lug Americans i ■ to see their countrymen thus adopting the assassin j ; earbonai i devices ol renegadi- Italian*, and the in- ; | sane intolerance of a crazy Scotchuian, and call that J I forsooth, Americanism. Such is the character, such the origin, such the j J mean* of action, of that new pam- which is now ! sweeping over the counti y. it i< apparently power-I j liil because it produce* results ; but its power con | *i ts only in the tact that it is an oath-hound as-ocia- J ! tion. just a* anybody has power to produce the result > I of assassination or of house-burning in the darkness I of the night. It seems to have vitality, hut that vi- j tal it v consists of'nothing save a spirit of intolerance | i woithy only of the dark ages, or the days of The tor- , Ture and the inquisition. It has produced results, | hut tiiose results are a fever-fit of demoralization on ' ; the part of all such persons as have been betrayed into j ; yielding up their consciences and their wills to the j | rnaster-consp rator*.. When that lever-fit passes a- : j way, as it shortly must, its victims Will look hack ; upon their conduct with shame and with sorrow, i and will indignantly shake off the di honoring dosni i nation of tbe.*e Protectant J< suits. WHAT COXSTIT I TI S I.VI KAIPKIIAXCS- ?—Judge I'ear- ! | son, of Harrisburg, Pa., in a recent charge to the | ! grand jury, decided that an individual wko visits' ' from tavern to tavern, drinking five or *i\- times daily, i* emphatically a man of inteu [e-rate habits, and that tavern keepers who sell to such are liable; to prosecution under the art prohibiting Ihe sale of liquors to "men of known intemperate habits." NEW \ORK , Dec. E —The Wheat Grower's Hank, at Newton, X, J., a Free Bank, i* toported tailed. I a I'GX.I2 I;rOjC, ?JV l*|f ,\. (rka. Rush iut\ .-lecuuu . \ The following de-patch was cnuulated at theppr, r Pour eon TtDisday, as having been sent t.\ ]•,,, ■ Nl'-11-cfi ikotr to Prince Paskiewilb, under date ol x'J! i veinlr ti, at 1 'n in lli? morning: , "ion will find enclosed a despatch which the . grand duke, have written to their aug-,i*t lather 'J . arrival of therrflrperial Highnesses excited j' n !' army and in the town the gie.itest enthus asm, ai , )( ■ the princes Were received with biirtuh* and tui,'. ■ ports oi delight. The I loops would base been de . lighted had the princes witnessed our success nip,,. ■ day before, and the garrison of the town testified : impatience 1o welcome their Highe-se.- by a r.oiv exploit. In the atternoon, a column, con.*istin 01 sixteen battalions mast bed resolutely on the •.. j,- I wing ol the enemy, and seized a redoubt. Alter a i furious contest, hand to band, our Wlaliaris return ed to the town without being disquieted. Almo-tat . the same moment, tnree battalion* executed a ra> ,,.| movement of attack against the siege-works of q.,. ■ rigiit flank of the enemy. They took fifteen "-a,, anil *p;ked them, alter having killed tbe greater oi tin- men who were serving them. ! he Krei ch fia -tencd up and pursued our men with tin* impetuosity which is natural to thern, and a bo dy ol inen rashly advanced to the wall* of the . place. J hey were there received by a well directed i fire, which killed agn at number ot them; and a sor - tie ex< cuted with a rare vigor, forced thein to t ,-j,, t . v I to their lines. During this last movement, and a i little before three in tbe afternoon. Gen. Lipramli with a part of the forces under his command, attack i en ttie iii.g!i-h line. A despeiate engagement en-n --ed. 1 ordered forward from Tohorgoun the tioo;,, that could he collected in haste, to support them i Our dragoon* executed two brilliant charges. 'f|„. enemy defended themselves most stubbornly, and the uppioaeh of night alone put an end to the ruuflirl. In our share of the day's proceedings, 'J'J,OOU men , were engaged, j On both sides the losses have been great; ours has been about -1000 men, and that of the enemy at leant as great. This -angninary atfair has been only one those accidents which occur so frequently in war Had our forces h en concentrated, we should, with, i out doubt, have reduced the enomy to the gr.-a'e-t extremities. H'e are now getting all our rescues in- I rout Simpheropol, i'uktci-Sarai, and Sua tar hi va. XV.- are about to resolutely assume the offensive, aiul i we shall not allotv one day's repose to the enemy Their forces are dimini-hing visibly. The partial r -mlo. cements which they siicce-sivt-ly have leceiv. ei!. have not been sufficient to fill up the voids which v.ar and maladies have made in their rank" • Their number at present cannot be more than fifty thous and men. This army cannot escape us; v.e have |nr us the moral ascendency, aixl a gieat superiority m i.iitnl i r.-. We are on our own ground, and we are lighting at the -ame time for our soil, and tor The , L nio ! ho! v of causes. The following summary of a Russian official <!r>- . patch was received at Ft. Petersbnrg, November 1.1; "l'ruic • .Mciischikoff attacked the northeast position i of the i.i '-my on the -jth. The enemy was prepaied. The Ist.-sum* stormed the fMssitions, spikdl S guns in one battery, and penetrated into the English camp. One division arrived Too late. The Russian* , rt-lired To their previous positions. The enemy di.] i not pursue. A simnltaio-ous sortie was made near , ; bastion No. •>. The enemy's batteries opposite the cemetery were stormed, and the cannon were *p ked. General Forev's division attacked the ha*tion No. ti, f hut was repul-ed. 'J'he kins.ian loss was considera* i hie. Tbe Grand Duke .Michael and Nicholas were ; pies,-;it. Gen. Sipiaiirfi only made a demonstration. Lieutenant Genera! Foirr.anoti was killed." .1 nether Gre.nl lluit/e Reported. A despatch irom Vienna, under date of the 15th, . says: "Despatches from Balaklava to the 11th in-t. have been received this evening, according to which smu ttier great battle has been fought, tn which the lite stuns lost nine thousand men. The loss ol the allies wa* also great, but they remained masters ol the i field." Three English Generals Killed. We regret to say that intelligence has been receiv ed at the Wat Department of Use deaths in the actum ot the Nth of November, of the following distinguish ed officers : Lieutenant General Sir George Caftieart, K. C. IS. ID igatlter General Stianaways, and Brig j adier tleneral tioisiis-. i'he sad Liiteliigence teachcd hi.- Grace, the Duke ol New Castle, by telegraph, in cypher, on Tbur.-day, but wa, withheld liwu the public until yesterday, in order to atl'ord his Grace the necessary time for communicating the paiimil in telligence to the widows and relatives ot the deceas ed. Accounts received to-day report the deaths of Major D.iitou and Major Powell, ot the -47 th Regi ment ; the latter was shot through the body by a Kus* an ritleir.an. General Fir ile Lacy was ouhoanl Ike FIIIUMUI, lani up with diarrnue, and the effects of the tail lioni Ins horse. A number ot officers, woun ded in the affair ol the .sth, had arrived at Coitslaiiti • nople. of the Siege. The Times of Thursdays published the followirg telegraphic summary ol flic ietters lis corre |soaiei.t ol Constantinople, bionght to Marseilles hy tlieFiua,: " 1 our conespondeitt at Constantinople writes on the Oth that the !ate-t advices which liad readied : that city Mom the Crimea, were of the .'kl iu*t.— Captain FeMowers, who was despair bed with a flag, of truce, had an interview with General Gortscbakolf in the valley of Balaklava on the 2Ftli,and ascerum ed that cm net.* Clowes and Chad wick were piuoiicr uiitl Wi-n.aled, hut well treated. Fir De Lacy l.vans wa? ill, having bad a severe fall from In- horse.— Fickness was on the increase, and the cold vety se vere at night. A I rench battery of sixty-four gun* ; opened lire on the Ist and made great impression.— j Our five, as vveli as that of the Kus-ians, was weak, i A Turkish ship of eight v guns and a frigate had sunk during the fate gale. The Himalays i* disabled, unable to keep the sea."' The Timrx of Friday published the following des patch from lis correspondent a! Constantinople, iD'td November l>: "No new* hud airiveii Irom tlie Cri mea up to the evening of the Ith. The tiring was slack on both sides. The assault was in prepars | tion, and scaling ladders hud b--< n ordered up. En-' ; truth as to reported loss of the Eg) pttan vessels wa* stiil undetermined." The following private telegraphic despatch from Marseilles, dated Wednesday, has been received and published in Paris; The Filial steam packet, ui t.e Mussogeries Impenales, has just arrived, bringing new * Irom the Crimea to the 2d. It wa* decided ! that the assault should take place on the fit It—' l? ® U ! men, under 'he command of Prince Napoleon, were [ to attack in the fiist instance the Russian tort tn'm . the cemetery. Ihe moment of the u-scuit was in - | patiently expected. The -late ot the town of heba.-- I topol was frightful. There was a scarcity of wain, J and the scarlet fever prevailed in the town, which i was infected with the dead bodies which the sea >- ■ throwing back on the quays, lit the conflagration at , a hospital at Sebastopol.2Uoo sick and wounded were j burned to death. The first division ha* been detneh | ed from the detached siege forces to arigmeiit the i corps charged to observe the Russian army. 1 brce j attacks attempted by the latter have been repubra- Admiral t>,r E. Lyons is cutting off the connuuiiiM" I lions between Tainan, Anapa, and the land, a'- 1 j watches the Sea of A toll'. Every vessel is rigon l "" I ly visited. On !ti<* 20th nit., Adrniial Brnat lttudeii 1 near Yalta. The inhabitants received bun with e l ' ; tliusia*ii), and turnished him with provision*. "ir Cacique a nd Spitfire, which are cruising before tf-<- j Dneiester. discerned the passage of the hn-s-'.i troops by Terckop for Febastopol. '1 he tire til 1 1 i place has greatly slackened. It wa thought that *■ '> determined defence would be made inside the wae*- j 'J'he houses are harncatled, mounted with guns, *"■'■ j turned into fortresses. Four vessels ol !h g R"' s J " ; fieri have been sin k. The weather in the ( rime-' '* fine, but at sea it is tremendous, and shipwreck in'-'' ; have occorred. The Allies, 1 yctphone, La \me Marseilles, the Jean, the Albatioss, the ( harleit" 1 ' gne, the Napoleon, the Tail, and the Tidjaret, w.ia-* had put out to sea, have returned. Fonie ar.xiet) felt tor the FutiVea, theMubomeiljies, and Ab.idji■ ■ The Babiio is a wreck. The allied fleets, under tar j command of Admirals HatmTin and Dnnda*, Bt'-'- command of the rear-admirals, aie at Ralakla va al J : in the Bay ofKam-ch." A telegraphic despatch from Parjs, which ha published in the Xlorning Pout, -ays: ••Letters e reived by the S;i ai stati' that, on the fid, new tr.-"- !iad lake place in Febastopol, the most itnpu l '- 11 having been that of the magazine ol" provision*. ( • ihe 2Ftii ult., two Russian liigates were burnt fit '' ! "gli*'i with tli- ir Lancaster guns. The sbip-e --fir e, 'Twelve Apostfes' had also been de-troy •' brigade of Cem-ial Mavran was met on the " , the Sea ol Ma: mora. Three thou and Zouaves
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