Managing Manure Deposition By Grazing (Continued from Pago A3S) attributed these profound gra dients in nutrient levels to higher rates of manure and urine deposition closer to the watering locations. The Miss ouri researchers also noted a greater gradient toward water in paddocks that were long and narrow. This could be because of the length:width ratio itself or to the distance cattle were required to travel to reach water. The concern with this gradi ent of nutrients toward water is PILES PER 500 FT* HO-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 800 600 400 200 0 0 Feet South Figure 1. Cumulative manure distribution for a simulated 3-paddock grazing system in 1993-94. At" 3 " %/ LEE-MAR FARM N** / 2724 Conestoga Creek Rd, \ / V organtown, PA 'v ts \® i ■■ j ■S (f V\ 610-286-9052 & Rentals PUBLIC REAL ESTATE AUCTION 93 Acres Land - Ag Zoning Calvary Road (MD Rte # 136) Bel Air, Harford County, MD SAT., DEC. 16, 2000 10:00 AM DIRECTIONS: from I-9S travel north on Md. Rte. #543 (Exit 80) to Md. Rte. #136 (Calvary Road), turn right (west) on Md. Rte. #136 to property on the right - signs posted. PROPERTY: being all that land as described as Parcels #lO4 and #B6 on Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation Map Series #5O, containing 93 acres more or less, in the aggregate. The property is primarily level with steep slopes on the James Run frontage. It is mostly cleared, tillable land and borders the Stoney Forest Demonstration Conservation Area. The existing dwelling is sold in “as is” condition. TERMS: $25,000 in cash, certified or other pay ment acceptable to the auctioneer, required at time of auction, with the balance to be paid on or before February 16, 2001. Detailed terms and contract available from auctioneer and on the website: www.oneillenterprises.com ✓-V O’NEILLS AUCTION COMPANY m IVT ■ PO. Box 384 • Forest Hill, Maryland 21050 ll\f 410-838-6980 * 410-879-4530 • 1-888-ONEILLS • FAX (410) 836-0772 www.oneillenterpriaea.com • e-mail: onellls6aba.net two-fold. First, an environmen tal problem can develop at wa tering sites. Second, the nutrients building up at the wa tering site are being pulled from the bulk of the pasture area. Thus, the majority of the pas ture becomes depleted of these nutrients. Pasture systems requiring that animals travel a lane to access water results in a loss of extretal nutrients off of pasture. At the experimental scale, losses have averaged about 15 percent CLutomotic TRAILER HAMMER MILL Efficient grinding with large capacity Portable hammer mills - new to the line Twin hammer mills, each with 66 alloy steel hammers Hydraulically driven intake auger for infinitely variable speed control *• Chose from auger or blower discharge • 10” intake auger feeds both mills • Dividing auger feeds each mill equally • 600 square inches of screen surface area Disti and as high as 25 percent during the hottest part of the summer. At a commercial scale, manure loss off of pasture areas is likely at least this large, if not larger. The significance of this is that lanes that access water often do not provide much if any forage. Thus, the manure dropped in the lane not only represents a loss of nutrients off of pasture, but also a potential environmen tal problem. Shade is a primary location for livestock camping and loaf- 0= water tank 1200 ass J^Rri r mi^i^^BMh U ; W v, . *» <P rt * CUMMINGS and BRICKER, Inc. yfftofesafe 100-120 Lehigh Ave - PO Box 928 Batavia, New York 14021-0928 Lancaster Firming, Saturday, November 25, 2000-A37 ing, especially during hot, sunny days. However, cattle are often observed to camp under shade trees even during cloudy and/or cool days. Time spent camping under shade results in accumu lation of manure and urine, and thus P and K, at the shade source. Missouri researchers found that the gradient of P and K concentration toward a single shade tree increased more sharply and to a greater extent than that toward the watering site (Figure 1). Endophyte-infected fescue plays a role here, too. The gradi ent toward shade trees is even worse on endophyte-infected fescue pasture since cattle are more attracted to shade when stressed. The need for shade on pasture for optimization of livestock comfort and performance is a somewhat controversial subject. In Pennsylvania, there are prob ably several days during the summer when beef cattle “need” shade, and several weeks when dairy cattle “need” shade. Thus, it is probably a good plan to have shade avail able in a few paddocks. How ever, for most of the paddocks on the farm, unless shade is movable or fairly uniformly dis tributed throughout the pad dock, it is probably best not to intentionally provide shade. In fact, consider removing/or fenc ing off shade trees in most pad docks in order to negate the • 3/16” screens standards; optional sizes from 3/32” to 2” • IOOOrpmPTO • 2 15/16” jackshaft, two 14” flywheels turn mills at 2500 rpm • Shafts mounted in greaseable ball bearings • Heavy duty design for long life powerful influence they have on animal behavior and thus the uniformity of excreta! return. Topography also influences patterns of excretal return. Both sheep and cattle tend to prefer the highest ground available to them to camp, especially during wet or warm weather. TTie tend ency for higher ground to be drier and have greater exposure to cooling breezes is probably the reason for this. Research has documented greater manure de position by both sheep and cattle on higher ground within pad docks. How can a grazier improve the uniformity of manure depo sition and thus take advantage of manure’s tremendous ferti lizer value? Rotational stocking is an ef fective tool to improve the uni formity of distribution of livestock excreta. Research in New Zealand, the U.K. and the U.S. has documented that in creased stocking densities im prove uniformity of excretal return by both cattle and sheep. Stocking density is the number of animals present per unit land area at a given point in time. Since rotational stocking involves the subdivision of larger land areas into smaller subunits, stocking densities are inherently increased. Also, rota tional stocking “forces” animals to spend roughly equal amounts of time on the entire pasture system area by eliminating their ability to maintain permanent camping and loafing sites. In one experiment with sheep in Australia, rotational stocking reduced the percentage of manure deposition on one per cent of the pasture area of 24 percent to six percent. A de crease from 46 percent to 32 per cent was observed on 10 percent of the area. MADE IN THE 100 Stover Drive Carlisle, PA 17013 A LESSON WELL LEARNED... LANCASTER FARMING'S CLASSIFIED ADS GET RESULTS! KiJu fhn fokrt Tum SAT! \ DHrae Tracking Powder* Kills Rats & Mice i 6 lb. Bucket \ g|P549.95 + $6.00 Shipping \ Blaln Supply i Rt 1 Box 117 H Blam, PA 170061 717/536-3861 I
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