MO-Lanctsttr Farming, Saturday, Juna 17, 2000 Dairy Management Column George F. W. Haenlein Extension Dairy Specialist Emeritus University of Delaware Vitamin E, Selenium and Milk Quality Normal body processes, envi ronmental insults (such as mycotoxins, nitrates, solar radi ation) and inflammatory condi tions all produce “free radicals,” a reactive oxygen species in the body’s metabolism. The body defends itself against these as saults with its so-called antioxi dant system. The system consists of three powerful en zymes, which contain copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iron elements, plus vitamin E and carotene; their function is to convert free radicals to water and break fatty acid peroxida tion chain reactions. Vitamin E and selenium have been found to be most effective in this pro cess. When pathogens invade the mammary gland, white blood cells (neutrophils) swarm to the infection site, trying to engulf (phagocytosis) and kill the bac teria with a chemical reaction. This reaction produces a high concentration of free radicals. While it helps kill the bacteria, it also can damage and kill the neutrophils. As part of the in flammatory response, other white blood cells (macrophages) also move to the infection site to kill bacteria and produce antibo dies against them. Vitamin E supplementation Lowest SCC Lancaster DHIA Herds For May NAME ADAMS COUNTY JOBO HOLSTEIN FARM BERKS COUNTY OSCAR & MARIE SIPLER IV RALPH E MOYER LAWRENCE GOOD CHESTER COUNTY CHRIST S FISHER JOHN S FISHER CUMBERLAND COUNTY ROBERT E KEEFER ELI H WEAVER DAUPHIN COUNTY BEN. M. KING SYLVAN S STOLTZFUS ELMER M KING DAVID K. KING FRANKLIN COUNTY RODNEY STUFF LANCASTER COUNTY GARY & JENNY BOWMAN MARVIN E ZIMMERMAN DANIEL F BEILER JAY &JOANNE WISE DANIEL B LANDIS CHRIST K STOLTZFUS JAMES & SHARON NICKLE IRA M HEISTAND JR MOUNT VIEW ACRES JEFFREY L AUNGST SAMUEL F LONG CHRIST K ESH LEONARD J STOLTZFUS SAMUEL F LONG CARL E & NANCY G BRANDT DAVID K STOLTZFUS JOSEPH N ZEISET ROY E SENSENIG CLAY FARM JOHN H HOWARD ARLIN BENNER STEVE K BEILER SAMUEL J ZOOK MAR MULLDALE FARM DANIEL M STOLTZFUS TRITOWN FARM RALEIGH D RHODES 111 MERVIN M ESH in research with dairy cows has consistently improved the func tion of neutrophils. Cows during the time before and after calving have a depressed immune system, making them extremely susceptible to intramammary gland infection. During this time, cows are also low in plasma vitamin E levels. Vita min E supplementation elimi nates the depression of neutrophil function during the time before and after calving. Daily selenium supplementa tion at 0.1 ppm also has im proved neutrophil function. Neutrophils from cows supple mented with 0.3 ppm selenium during the dry period and first 30 days of lactation had a greater killing ability against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, some of the major mammary gland pathogens. Vitamin E feeding at 1,000 international units (IU)/day reduced the incidence and duration of mastitus, but the largest response came from the combination of selenium and vitamin E supplementation. In fections were reduced by 42 per cent and clinical mastitis by 32 percent, especially the first three months of lactation. In Ohio studies, when 4,000 IU vitamin E/day were fed with adequate selenium, the reduction of clini cal mastitis was 80 percent. It has also been found that plasma selenium levels have a significant negative correlation with bulk tank somatic cell counts and that vitamin E plus selenium supplementation The lowest rolling SCC herds In Lancaster DHIA as of the month of May are as follows: TOWN GETTYSBURG SHOEMAKERSVILLE MYERSTOWN WOMELSDORF HONEY BROOK OXFORD SHIPPENSBURG NEWBURG LYKENS LYKENS LYKENS LYKENS MERCERSBURG QUARRYVILLE EAST EARL DRUMORE STEVENS LANCASTER LEOLA NOTTINGHAM ELIZABETHTOWN EPHRATA ELIZABETHTOWN PEACH BOTTOM KIRKWOOD GAP PEACH BOTTOM MANHEIM PEACH BOTTOM NARVON NOTTINGHAM LITITZ WILLOW STREET MOUNT JOY HOLTWOOD BIRD-IN-HAND QUARRYVILLE MORGANTOWN LEOLA QUARRYVILLE BIRD-IN-HAND reduce the number of cows with elevated somatic cell counts above 200,000 by 70 percent. When cows had blood plasma levels of less than 3 microgram vitamin E/milliliter, their likeli hood of having clinical mastitis was nine times greater than when the level was above three micrograms. Finally, vitamin E supplementation increased the vitamin E content of colostrum and, thereby, calf health. Blood plasma levels of selen ium and vitamin E are reliable indicators of the status of cows. Based on a reduction of retained placenta and mammary gland health, it has been recom mended that selenium levels should be more than 0.075 mi crogram/milliliter blood serum or more than 0.20 microgram /milliliter of whole blood. Vita min E levels of cows at calving should be at least 3.5 micro gram/milliliter blood plasma. Calves, heifers, and lactating and dry cows should be fed a supplement daily of 0.3 ppm selenium, especially where the soils are deficient. Additional SO milligram injections three weeks before calving may also help. Most concentrate feeds are low in vitamin E. Raw soybeans are a good source, but roasting destroys most of it. Fresh green forage is a good source with about 100 IU/pound of dry matter. Hays and silages have very little vitamin E. Dry cows should be supplemented with 1,000 IU vitamin E/day, and lac tating cows with at least 500 lU. The cost may be $0.02/cow/day, compared with the great poten tial benefit. Mastitis is still a costly disease in the United States. Veterinary #COWS BREED RHA SCC 12? 168 171 181 11 105 78 175 180 341 45 190 197 48 47 45 40 143 172 192 196 163 and drug costs, lost production and dumped milk have been es timated on average at a 100-cow herd for clinical and subclinical cases combined —about $17,500/year. Thus, the eco nomic benefit from vitamin E plus selenium supplementation can be significant, especially in the current milk price squeeze situation. UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre Co.) Six gifts totaling $450,000 have bolstered Penn State’s plans to build a new food sciences building at the Univer sity Park campus. The new facility, to be built with a combination of state and private funds, will help the De partment of Food Science better serve Pennsylvania’s food pro cessing and manufacturing in dustry, which includes more than 2,300 companies employ ing 90,000 workers. Making commitments for the new building were: • Del Grosso Foods, Tipton. Founded by Ferdinand J. and Mafalda M. Del Grosso in 1946 when they began to sell their family’s pasta sauce, Del Grosso Foods now sells 3 million cases of tomato-based sauces and plans to expand into frozen foods. • Roger and Barbara Clay poole, of Worthington. Roger Claypoole is the general partner of Creekside Mushrooms Lim ited, grower and marketer of Moonlight Mushrooms. He earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in agriculture from Penn State in 1970 and 1971, re- DAN S STOLTZFUS LESTER W GERMAN JR NICE VIEW FARM PAUL B ZIMMERMAN JR. GORDON & CAROLE HOOVER STEVEN M HERR HENRY L. CLICK ABNER S. KING BEL-RIDGE FARM REUBEN S STOLTZFUS STEVE STRICKLAND HARVEY Z RINGLER NORMAN S WENGER JR SAMUEL K CLICK JAMES SENSENIG MARVIN Z WEAVER J DAVID HOSTETTER J. KENNETH GROFF AARON R ZEISET KENTON L SWEIGART SAMUEL S STOLTZFUS PIN-OAK FARM MARLIN W. HORST EUGENE Sc SUSAN HESS BO JOY FARM HENRY F STOLTZFUS JR AMOS MARTIN MARTIN BROTHERS MEADOW VISTA FARM LEE NOME FARM ABRAHAM SHELLY JR LEBANON COUNTY ADAM & LISA SONNEN LYCOMING COUNTY SCOTT &RHONDA LOVELL NORTHUMBERLAND PHILLIP NEWSWANGER SNYDER COUNTY CARL EWING SOMERSET COUNTY MARK & HELEN MISHLER J & M FARMS CLARADALE FARMS ERNEST SLABAUGH MENNO & FANNIE ZOOK HICKORY BOTTOM # MILLER BROTHERS UNION COUNTY AARON B MARTIN ELTON W NOLT STATE OF MARYLAND ENGLAND FARM INC $450,000 In Gifts RQNKS EPHRATA EPHRATA EPHRATA GAP NEW PROVIDENCE LANCASTER TALMAGE PARADISE, PA. NARVON BAINBRIDGE NARVON NEW HOLLAND QUARRYVILLE QUARRYVILLE LITITZ NEW HOLLAND LEOLA LEOLA MOUNT JOY BIRD IN HAND STRASBURG KINZERS MARIETTA QUARRYVILLE LITITZ HOLTWOOD HOLTWOOD BAINBRIDGE GORDONVILLE MANHEIM RICHLAND LINDEN DANVILLE MCCLURE HOLSOPPLE WINDBER SALISBURY MEYERSDALE MEYERSDALE BERLIN BOSWELL MIFFLtNBURG LEWISBURG RISING SUN In principal, the benefits of selenium and vitamin E supple mentation also apply to dairy goats and dairy sheep. Vitamin E and selenium supplementa tion also improves milk quality for human consumption and re duces oxidative flavor problems, an added, but not unimportant benefit. spectively. The gift was made in memory of his father, Henry W. Claypoole, and uncle, Harold M. Claypoole, Penn State alumni. • Wenger’s Feed Mill Inc., Rheems, a producer of poultry and swine feeds. Founded in 1944 by Melvin M. Wenger, the organization operates a network of feed mills located in Pennsyl vania and neighboring states. • Horace Woodward, Men denhall. Woodward recently re tired from farming, having raised poultry, dairy cattle, and fruit on a farm that has been in the Woodward family since 1906. He is a 1928 Penn State graduate in agriculture. • Carol Thoele-Williams and Richard C. Williams in memory of their father, Dr. Howard W. Thoele, former professor of dairy science and senior associ ate dean emeritus of the College of Agricultural Sciences. • Barry and Rosemary Zoumas, State College. Barry Zoumas is the Alan R. Warehime Professor in the Col lege of Agricultural Sciences. Formerly vice president for sci ence and technology at Hershey Foods, he has master’s and doc toral degrees in nutrition from Penn State. 167„ 41 168 60 169 56 171 57 171 112 171 76 171 47 175 28 177 44 178 51 178 116 179 43 180 53 183 -38 183 66 185 30 185 51 186 60 190 43 190 72 190 43 190 46 190 59 191 68 193 54 193 47 193 59 194 73 194 205 195 32 195 30 193 182 194 170 181 113 63 44 45 69 18 27 204
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers