HEAT STRESS CAUSES THIN SHELLED EGGS Carol V. Gay Professor Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology And Poultry Science There are two important buffer ing systems in the body that main tain body fluids at near neutral pH. One is based on phosphate and the other on bicarbonate. The latter system is utilized in a clever way by birds to form eggshells. The origin of bicarbonate (HCO3*) is from carbon dioxide (CQz). which arises as a consequ ence of metabolism of sugar, mainly glucose. Glucose, which is Why did EVERV ONE of these lowa producers choose Chore-Time? > flißfflßft SPARBOE lOWA CORPORATION (SB® SPARBOE lOWA CORPORATION BROOD CROW FARM EGC/B.C. ENTERPRISES DECOSTER-WRIGHT CO. #2 ( EMBLY BROOD GROW OF lOWA (S^pIBOOMSMA’S All these lowa producers chose Chore-Time for the 14 million birds in their complexes for the same reason they are placing new facilities in lowa*: higher quality and better profitability. Whether you need cages, feeding, feed storage, - conveying, watering, egg collection, or cross conveyors, Chore-Time has reliable, high quality products to help you become more profitable. Contact us today and find out how. r v . * . . * > «•w' ~v * **< * ’ ■ Anthorizea derived from complex carbohy drates in the diet, is broken down to release energy for metabolism. Carbon dioxide is also formed as a consequence of glucose breakdown. Carbon dioxide is of course a gas, but gas doesn’t build up in tissues. Instead, CO2 is converted into bicarbonate which dissolves into the body fluids. Within the lungs CQz reforms and is exhaled as a gas. In the shell gland where the eggshell is made, bicarbonate is converted into carbonate (CO]*), and this substance is secreted along with calcium ions (Ca ++ ) onto the shell membranes which cover the albumin, or-egg white. The shell membrane catalyzes the precipitation of calcium carbonate SBBROSE ACRE FARMS-6UTHRIE CENTER flUffl© ROSE ACRE FARMS-WINTERSET SUNBEST-PAPETTI OF lOWA QSSBD (3SOBO SUNBEST FARMS OF lOWA ‘See “What are they giving away in lowa?’ in July/August 1994 issue of Egg Industry. Northeast Agri Systems, Inc. Flyway Business Park . store hours 139 A West Airport Road 24 Hr 7 Day Repair Service Lltltz, PA 17543 * Ptv. (717) 569-2702 1-800-673-2580 W Cost Sharing For Conservation Available WEST CHESTER (Chester Co.) The Chester County Conser- crystals to form the eggshell. Bicarbonate, carbonate, and car bon dioxide exist in specific prop ortions and are readily intercon verted. Consequently, changing the level of (me will influence the concentration of the others in the body fluids. Under normal circumstances, bicarbonate is maintained at the correct level in body fluid because the breathing rate is just right to remove CO2 at the same rate as it forms within the body. Eggshell formation taps into this CfVbicarbonate/carbonate buf fering system. Changing the com position of the buffering system can profoundly affect eggshell for mation. For example, if hots are subjected to heat stress, they will attempt to cool down by panting. CO2 will be exhaled at a more rapid rate than it is being produced. As a consequence, total body CO2 is decreased and eggshells become thin and fragile. vation District is administering the Pennsylvania Agricultural Non- Point Source Pollution Abatement Program’s Financial Assistance Program in the Chester County portions of the Octoraro Creek and Elk Creek watersheds. The sign-up period for this prog ram is Match 13 through April 10. Landowner participation in this program is on a voluntary basis. The financial assistance prog ram is a cost-sharing program to help landowners with the expense of controlling critical agricultural nutrient and erosion problems by installing nutrient management and conservation practices on their farms during a period of one to three years. The maximum cost share rates available are eighty percent (80 percent) of the costs for certain practices and are not to exceed $30,000 per landowner. The ultimate goal of the prog ram is to reduce the amount of nit rogen, phosphorous, and sediment entering the Chesapeake Bay through its many tributaries, as agricultural runoff was determined ffiEn FEDERALSBURG, Md. 305 UNIVERSITY AVE. ■ (Formarly Long Lumbar) l-800-735-6351 STORE HOURS; 7:30 A.M. >4:30 P.M. Monday-Frlday SAT. 8 A.M. -11 A.M. Lancaster Firming, Saturday, March 18.1MSC5 as a contributing source of those nutrients and sediment. However, local benefits will also be realized, from elimination of gullies in fields and more complete utiliza tion of nutrients on the term, to increased quality of local streams and reduced risk of contamination of our groundwater. Some of the basic eligibility requirements for the financial assistance program are as follows: •Must be a landowner in the Chester County portions of the Octoraro Creek or Elk Creek Watersheds. •Must have a critical nutrient and/or soil erosion problem(s) on the farm in these Watersheds. •Must be a “cooperator” with the Chester County Conservation Dis trict. (If n °t> please request an application form from the district) •Must be willing to enter into a one to three year agreement designed to solve the critical nutri ent and/or soil erosion problems in the farm and maintain the agreed upon practices for a 10-year period. •Must be willing to follow a nutrient management plan pre pared by a district-approved agro nomic consultant for the 10-year period. Signing up for the financial assistance program does not guar antee approval in the program. Only those landowners with seri ous nutrient and/or soil erosion problems will be evaluated by a technical assessment and needs determination of the farm com pleted by the staff of the Chester County Conservation District and the Natural Resource Conserva tion Service. Final eligibility determination will be made by the Chester County Conservation Dis trict board of directors. Eligibility may also be postponed because of limited funds. For further information, contact Steve Thompson, Chesapeake Bay resource conservationist, or Dan Grieg, district manager, at (610) 696-5126 or 436-9182, or visit the office. COW MATTRESSES , The Answer To Cow Comfort! • Fits Any Stall • • Polyester Bag Filled With Rubber • Bag Sewn Every 4” To Prevent Shifting • Heavy Nylon Waterproof Fabric Top Cover • Easier for cows to get up & down • Reduces Bedding costs • Installation available I CALL FOR DETAILS I SAMUEL S. PETBRSHBIM 117 Chriatlana Pike, Christiana, PA 17509 Anawering Service 610-593-2242
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers