E2-Lancastar Fanning, Saturday, March 19,1994
Top Crawford DHIA Cows By Protein For February 1994
The top producing cows by protein in
Crawford DHIA for February are as follows:
OWNER - COW'S KANE BREED AGE DAYS
MORRELL FARMS
MADDIE
NELSON
RICHAR
WANDA
ELLA
LIARE
LACY
BOBLER
A-CARL
MAMIE
FIFI
BLACK POND FARMS
MICKLE
WIL-AIRE FARM
SPOT
AMDRER
BEAUTY
ROBERT S. HANSEN
Extension Forester
Bradford County
As spring approaches and the
days grow longer and warmer and
the nights remain cold, it is time to
make maple syrup.
In our area trees are tapped to
ward late February and early
March.
Maple sugar products arc truly
a North American product. Native
Americans were perhaps the first
people to make sugar and syrup
from the maple tree. Indians living
in the Lake States and along the
St. Lawrence River would tap ma
ple trees and gather the sap into a
hollowed log. Hot stones would be
added to the log causing the water
in the sap to evaporate and con
centrate the sugar or syrup.
This sugar often became a very
important food source for many
Native Americans. Early white
settlers learned how to make ma
ple sugar from the Indians and
soon developed methods of their
own.
For many woodlot owners to
day, the making of maple syrup in
the early spring is an important
part of their activities. For some it
has become a major cash crop
from their woodlands. It is a
unique crop in that it is often both
produced and processed entirely
on the farm.
The Province of Quebec by far
leads North America in maple
Nashville Recording Star
To Appear At Banquet
GEORGETOWN, Del.
Singer, songwriter, and comedian
Johnny Russell will provide enter
tainment for poultry industry per
sonnel at the 1994 Delmarva Poul
try Booster Banquet on Tuesday,
April 26, in Salisbury, Md.
The announcement was made
by Walter Moorhead, president of
Delmarva Poultry Industry, Inc.
(DPI), the 4,000-member trade as
sociation working for the contin
ued progress of Delmarva’s more
than $1.25 billion-a-year poultry
industry.
Russell has written songs for
many of country music’s most
popular artists, has recorded a
number of songs, and has won
numerous awards. He has appear
ed on many television and radio
programs as a singer, storyteller,
and comedian. Guests at the ban-
305
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products production. In 1984,
Pennsylvania ranked ninth in pro
duction behind Vermont, New
York, Ontario, Ohio, New Hamp
shire, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
States and Provinces producing
less than Pennsylvania include
New Brunswick, Massachusetts.
Nova Scotia, Maine, and Minne
sota.
The two tree species most often
tapped for maple sugar production
are the sugar maple (Acer sac
charum), and black maple (Acer
nigrum). Sugar maple is far more
common in Pennsylvania than is
black maple. Tapping generally
does little harm to die tree if cor
rect guidelines are followed.
Trees that have been defoliated
by gypsy moth or have suffered
foliage damage from pear thrips,
should not be tapped. Trees less
than 10 inches in diameter should
not be tapped. Trees less than IS
inches should have only one tap.
Trees greater than 20 inches can
have four taps.
Tap holes are made by boring a
7/16 inch diameter hole at a slight
upward angle into the tree to a
depth of 214 to 3 inches deep. A
spout or spile is then gently tapped
into the hole until it fits snugly. A
galvanized bucket or special plas
tic bag can be attached to collect
the sap. Many of the larger pro
ducers are using a plastic tubing
system that collects sap and takes
it straight to the sugar house or to
Singer, songwriter, and
comedian Johnny Russell
will provide entertainment at
the Delmarva Poultry Indus*
try, Inc., (DPI) Booster Ban
quet April 26 St the Wicomico
Youth & Civic Center, Salis
bury, Md.
\
MILK PHOT
PRO
TEIN
35,274
27,907
29,865
31,855
31,909
28,518
25,874
25,501
26,920
29,722
24,018
974
3.3
29,871
932
907
892
3.2
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3.2
29,376
27,993
27,970
Time
To
quel are sure to enjoy his show.
The Booster Banquet marks the
end of the annual DPI Fund Drive
and close to 2,000 DPI investors
are expected to attend. One ticket
for the dinner is provided for each
$125 investment.
In addition to the entertainment
and announcement of the Fund
Drive results, a number of awards
will be presented. Delmarva’s out
standing poultry growers will be
recognized, as will the recipients
of the DPI Medal of Achievement
and the Delmarva’s Distinguished
Citizen Award.
Membership in DPI is available
for any person or company wish
ing to support the local poultry in
dustry’s trade association. For
more information, contact the DPI
office at R.D. 6 Box 47, George
town. DE 19947-9622, (302)
856-9037.
MAGMAS
SHEILA
CLASK S DOMCAM
TEDDI
*
PAT
PAT
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GASYKAREN FREYESMDTH
LORAIN
ALAN ( RBOIA COSTEAD
GIKA
EMCEAM
MASK + CHRIS CORNELL
VAKESS
RICHARD L FIELD
BONNIE
ORAMGE SOCKET LPFINC
52
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BRENDA
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SELDOHSEST”F"FAia(
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STARLA
856
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Make Maple Syrup
Producers also fever trees with
known higher sugar contents in
thinning and timber stand im
provement.
Maple syrup can be made into
other treats. Maple sugar, maple
fudge, and maple cream are just a
few. A great place to sample ma-
large storage tanks.
Eventually the sap is brought to
the sugarhouse where a large eva
porator reduces the sap to syrup.
The sap is stored in a covered tank
and is slowly let into the evapora
tor. The evaporator is made up of
a series of pans for boiling water
from the sap.
Sap is added in at one end of the
pan until a predetermined level is
reached. As the water evaporates
from the sap, the sap becomes
more concentrated and moves into
other pans. Sap is constantly add
ed to the sap pan to maintain a
constant level. The sap moves
along the different compartments
losing more water to evaporation
along the way.
Finally, the finished syrup is
drained from the syrup pan at the
end of the process. The syrup is
strained to remove “sugar sand”
and other impurities and sealed in
containers.
The amount of sap needed to
make a gallon of syrup varies with
the percent sugar of the sap. Sugar
contents of sap varies from tree to
free from less than 1 percent to
sometimes 10 percent The normal
is about 2 to 3 percent.
Approximately 40 gallons of
sap with a 2 percent sugar content
is needed to produce one gallon of
syrup. Maple producers are often
concerned with maintaining
healthy trees as healthy frees have
a higher sugar content in their sap.
3-5
2-9
7-5
3-5
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RH
GR-H
8-0
6-3
5-11
GR-H
5-11
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Plants Tailored To
Resist Viruses
WASHINGTON, D.C. For
sale: plants immune to disease
causing vims
That’s what gardeners and far
mers can look forward to, say U.S.
Department of Agriculture scien
tists who have built virus immuni
ty into laboratory test plants.
Plant pathologist John Ham
mond of USDA’s Agricultural
Research Service says immunity
can be bred into future plants—
from ornamental flowers like
orchids and gladiolus to peas,
beans and other farm crops. A vir
us outbreak can be costly one
virus reduced the $l3 million-a
year market value of commercial
ly grown gladiolus in Florida by
15 to 20 percent
Hamond and colleagues at
ARS’s Bcltsvillc. Md., research
center used a genetic technology
antisense to create immuni
ty. “We reserved the coding sequ
ence of a piece of genetic material
taken from a plant virus to create
an antisense gene,” he said.
“When we inserted this gene in
some experimental tobacco plants,
we found it ‘disarmed’ invading
plant viruses.”
Antisense technology is a form
of genetic engineering in which
cells are instructed to do the oppo
site of what one of their genes is
telling them to do. Antisense is
now new, but this is “the first time
26,369
26,446
305
305
3.3
3.1
26,295
27,109
305
305
3.3
3.1
26,694
301
3.3
27,066
26,031
305
305
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30,582
305
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305
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305
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305
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2.9
23,799
295
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305
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pie products and have a good time
is at the Endless Mountain Maple
Festival at the Troy Fairgrounds in
Troy on April 23 and 24.
If you would like additional in
formation on making maple syrup,
you can contact a local maple pro
ducer or the county extension of
fice.
it’s been used successfully to cre
ate virus-resistant plants,” Ham
mond said.
Plants with the antisense gene
will chum out antisense RNA
the chemical cousin of DNA—as
genetic material that, binds to an
invading virus’s RNA. This bind
ing apparently prevents the virus
from reproducing itself in the
plant. If the virus can’t reproduce
and spread, then it can’t harm the
plant, the scientist explained.
Hammond found that the anti
sense gene that was taken from
bean yellow mosaic virus pro
tected the engineered tobacco
plants from the virus. A desert
species of the tobacco plant, Nico
tiana benthamiana, was used
because it’s very susceptible to
poty viruses the largest group of
viruses attacking crops in this
country.
Hammond worked about two
years with plant pathologist
Kathryn Kamo and plant geneti
cist Robert Greisbach on perfect
ing the anti-virus gene technology
at their Beltsville labs.
He estimates that the antisense
gene might be ready in two to five
years for breeders of floral and
other crops to use. Similar anti
sense genes should work in the
future to combat related viruses
that infect fruit trees.
863
819
2.9 767
2.3 601
872
849
3.5 932
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806
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855
2.5 753
835
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