A22-Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 17, 1993 lull Poi iti try Penn State Poultry j Pointers MANAGING BROILERS DURING HOT WEATHER W. D. Weaver Professor And Head, Dept. Of Poultry Science Pennsylvania has certainly experienced a severe winter, punc tuated with low temperatures and a large accumulation of snow, all of which can place extreme stress on all species of poultry. With the winter of 1993 and its many days of snow and bad weath er still imprinted on our minds, poultry farmers may have difficul ty focusing on hot weather and the stresses, and in some cases, death, that can occur under these conditions. But we all realize that winter is followed by spring and then sum mer, and in many instances the stresses imposed by summer heat can be even more devastating than the cold conditions of winter. Genetically, broilers are selected to grow rapidly and to convert feed to meat at a high level of efficiency. To accomplish this feat, broilers have had to give up a number of fitness traits which allow them to survive under some what extreme conditions. The ability to withstand heat is such a trail. For example, produc ers continue to upgrade their facili ties to assist birds in coping with hot weather. First, fans were used to remove hot air and to create air circulation. Then, approximately 10 years ago, evaporative cooling systems (both foggers and pads) were introduced to further assist with keeping birds comfortable. Most recendy a management practice known as tunnel ventila tion has been installed in a number of Pennsylvania broiler houses to further aid in the reduction of the stresses associated with summer heat. POULTRY PARTS IN STOCK See Us For Your Parts And Repair 1 Needs. jm • Augers • Bins MOTORS • PVC • Fill Pipe Direct Tubing • Fill Drive • Boots Elbows Belt Drive • Hopper Switches Check Our We Ship Werehouee Prices UPS LI ia service .. Jin Ini' t Poultry Systems Speckibtlt FARMER BOYAQ. 410 E LINCOLN AVE. MYERSTOWN, PA 17067 Hours: Mon.-Fri. ™ 717-866-7565 ,/.J* Before proceeding with a dis cussion on the operation of the var ious ventilation and evaporative cooling systems, let us address the mechanisms birds have at their dis posal for regulating body tempera ture. In addition to two lungs, birds have nine separate air sacs located in the body cavity that aid in reduc ing body temperature. By increas ing the rates of respiration (pant ing), the bird is able to increase the rate of airflow through the air sacs and accelerate cooling by evapora tion (heat required to convert water to a vapor) and convection (heat removed by passing cool air across a warm surface). Birds also cool themselves by dusting in the litter which allows heat to be transferred from their body to the litter (heat transferred from a warmer to a cooler object by contact is known as conduction). Birds will also hold their wings away from their bodies, which allows greater amounts of cooler ambient air to pass over a larger portion of the body surface (another example of convection). The orientation and general design of the poultry house can impact on how cool it will remain during warmer months. The long axis of houses with curtain sidew alls should run east and west. When adequate roof overhang is provided, this arrangement will not allow the sun to directly shine into the house during the warmer months, because during this lime of year the sun traverses a higher arc in the sky. Further, during the TERRA-TRONICS I Electronic Monitor Measures Working Acres And Ground Speed • Hasy-io*scc digital readout • Easy-io-opcrale touch sensitive keys • Operates with any field implc • ment requiring acre measurement - pulled, mounted, or sclf-propell I ed sprayers, combines, etc. Rc t $21200 SPECIAL $lBB.OO At Last! A Reliable, New Stainless Steel AG-CHEM FOAM MARKER Each Foam Marker R=s \ 'l' _ Contains: 586900 • Mixing chamber for each boom, special -’<S • Drop hoses for each boom. $830.00.1 m "’ll • Electric harness for in-cab controls (on-off/left-right). • Hose for boom lengths up to 47' The Ag-Chem foam marker offers you efficient operation with a 12 volt compressor that draws only 9 amps. Independent left and right boom markers can be controlled from the cab for on-the-go operation. That lets you operate either boom marker for precise, economical foam placement And best of all the Ag-Chem Foam Marker produces a dense foam within seconds of agitation, and has a dependable output that can be adjusted for volume Use with the new «0-to-l™ high concentrate foam. Handy Half Gallon FOAM DYE AG FOAM For Higher Visibility Foam Reg $lO 20 SPECIAL SPECIAL M Sprayer Nozzles colder months when the sun remains closer to the horizon, it will many times shine into the house and produce some solar warming. Adequate roof insulation is also important to reduce the heat that can be gained through radiation heat transferred from a warmer 'roof) to a cooler (bird) surface. Fibrous (fiberglass, cellulose, etc.) md rigid board (polystyrene, aolyurethane, etc.) materials are generally used for insulation in toiler houses and should be installed at a rate that will provide a minimum of R=2o in the ceiling and R=l4 in the sidewalls. “Tunnel ventilation” is a new management concept which has been introduced during the last several years to further aid produc ers in coping with high summer temperatures. The system places all of the exhaust fans in one end of the building and the air inlets in the other, and when operating, creates a constant stream of air down through the house. Tunnel systems are normally designed to create an air jet which travels at approxi mately 400 feet/minule from the inlet to the far end of the house (another example of convective heat loss). The best way to conceptualize the system is to view the cross sec tion of the house as one large air inlet, for example, a house which is 44 feet wide and has a 10 fool high ceiling would have a cross section SPRING SPECIALS "" ihc"4 Sfour Compkte Headquarters for Sprayers & (Pans $9.25 :ock A Comple Hypro 1^ Pumps And We Also St< Tee/ct And Accessories FRANK A. FILLIPPO, INC. - WANTED - DISABLED & CRIPPLED COWS, BULLS & STEERS Call: Frank Fillippo - Residence - 215-666-0725 Steven Fillippo 215-666-7976 $ 12.00 Hn. ;e Line Of: • Sprayer Hose • Ball Valves • Nylon Fillings • Poly Tanks area of 440 square feet. The calcu lation required to determine the needed fan capacity is simply 440 square feet x 400 feel/minutc (speed of the air jet) = 176,000 cubic feet/minule or CFM. Tunnel ventilation in general operates in conjunction with fog gers installed in bands approxi mately 50 feet apart across the house. Fogger nozzles should be a hollow cone design and emit a wide angle mist (approximately 100 degrees), and when operated at a minimum pressure of 200 psi (pounds per square inch), provide approximately two gallons of water per nozzle per hour (2 GPH). Further, the combined capacity of all nozzles should provide nine PACER PU Self-Priming Centrifu; FEATURES: • Self-priming to 20 feet • Total heads to 120 feet • Capabilities to 200 U.S. G • Built in check valve • Equipped with VA ” or 2 female threaded connectio: NPT • 3 H.P. ‘S’ Series IVI ”Or 2" Ports Reg $212 00 SPECIAL $185.50 $220.50 • ‘S’ Series Pedestal Pump Only, iv or r Res snsoo SPECIAL $ 120*75 Raven Tough Polyethylene Tanks • SPRAYER TANKS - ALL SIZES For New Or Replacement AVAILABLE FROM aJ5£ PAUL B. ZIMMERMAN, INC. M Mww «< LWb, M IT**) I MHn W««rfC»*nW (717) 738.7350 • HARDWARE • FARM SUPPLIES • gallons of mist (water) per hour per 1,000 square feet of floor space. As geneticists continue to select broilers to grow more rapidly and the market place continues to require larger birds, integrators and producers will be continually challenged to upgrade their man agement practices to cope with hot weather conditions. First, produc ers must understand the bird’s natural mechanisms for cooling itself, then be willing to assist these mechanisms with mechani cal systems to maximize perfor mance. Tunnel ventilation sup ported with foggers is the system of choice today for accomplishing this feat. KEN CLUGSTON (717) 665-6775 CRAFT-BILT CONSTRUCTION INC. FARM-HOME BUILDING 1242 Breneman Road MANHEIM, PA 17545 PH: (717) 665-4372 BUiLDiNG & REMODELING FOR DAIRY RESIDENTIAL SWINE ROLE BUILDINGS BEEF STORAGE • 5 H.P. ‘S’ Series With I/C Briggs Engine 2” Ports • 5 H.P. ‘S’ Series 2” Ports Reg 252 00 SPECIAL $290.50 1 t M . STATIONARY TANKS - For 25 GAL. Liquid Fertilizer Siorege 2500 GAL Ings loupl • 5 HP. “S’ Series With Honda Engine 2" Ports Reg 482 00 SPECIAL Reg 332 00 SPECIAL $421.75 E—HOOItt I liifr n Thurs Fn 74 301 Tues Wed 75 30 I M 14 “ 1
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