C2-Lancastar Farming, Saturday, Saptambar 19, 1992 i!i P' Itry ml 'o Penn State “ISSfex Poultry | Pointers THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF POULTRY MEAT PART II FAT COMPOSITION AND FACTORS INFLUENCING CARCASS FAT CHARACTERISTICS Dr. Regina Vasilatos-Younken Associate Professor Poultry Science In the previous issue of Poultry Pointers, the topic of the nutrition al value of poultry meat was intro duced and discussed, and compari sons between the cholesterol and total fat content of poultry meat versus red meats were made. Of additional importance is the composition of the fat in poultry and red meat products. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) account for about 1 to 3 percent of roasted poultry meat, and represent approximately 30 percent of the total fatty acids present, versus about 2 to 8 percent for beef (50 percent of the total fat ty acids). However, it should be noted that more than 40 percent of the SFA in beef (20 percent of the total fatty acids) is stearic acid which, unlike other SFA, does not raise plasma cholesterol levels. Stearic acid accounts for about 6 percent of the SFA in poultry, with the majority of the SFA being pal mitic acid. Morton buildings Since 1903 • Horse Barns •Offices • Riding Arenas •Shops • Garages •Equipment Storage •Warehouses • Aircraft Hangars ©MORTON BUILDINGS, INC. 3368 York Rd. Gettysburg, PA 17325 717/624-3331 Cali or wnta today (or nora information Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) constitute the majority of die total fatty acids in poultry meat (approximately SO percent), the primary form, being oleic acid which has been demonstrated to have hypocholesterolemic effects (lowers serum cholesterol levels). MUFA account for 40 percent of the total fatty acids in beef. Poultry is also substantially higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (20 percent of the total fatty acids) than beef (approx imately 3 percent of the total), the primary form being linoleic acid. There are two mechanisms by which fat is derived within the body of the bird. One is synthesis of fatty acids from nonfat starting materials or precursors ("de novo” synthesis) and deposition into adipose tissue stores, a process known as lipogenesis. This synthe tic process occurs primarily in the liver and carcass (muscle, adipose tissue, and bone) of the chicken, each source (liver, carcass) contri buting approximately 30 percent to whole body lipogenesis in the fed bird. The second mechanism is through uptake, transport, and deposition of ingested fatty acids of dietary origin. The composition of fat that accumulates in adipose tissue stores (as triglyceride) in monogastric animals (such as poultry or swine) is influenced by the composition of the fat consumed. Excellence Since 1903 CONTACT: 1-800-447-7436 ,/.r P.O. Box 126, Phllllpsburg, NJ 08865 908/454-7900 iflinoit only, call 1-800-426-6686 Thus, diets high in unsaturatcd fatty acids will tend to result in deposition of more unsaturated fat ty acids as triglycerides, although some modification of dietary fatly acids does occur (saturation, desa turation, and chain elongation). Because the rate of replacement of fatty acids (turnover) in adipose tissue of broiler chickens is sug gested to be impaired, dietary manipulation of broiler carcass fat composition should be started ear ly in the growout period. Additional facts should be rec ognized regarding manipulation of carcass fat composition. The phys ical properties of fatty acids vary a great deal, depending upon chain length and degree of unsaturation, where short chain length and pre sence of unsaturated bonds lowers the melting point of fatty acids. Thus, plant glycerides which have an abundance of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at normal room temperature. A ration high in fatty acids, such as those containing proportionate ly high levels of plant-derived fats or whole (non-defatted) plant meals rich in linolenic acid, will contribute to more liquid or oily carcass fat problems at processing. Also, a higher proportion of unsa turated fatty acids may contribute to storage problems because of the susceptibility of such fatty acids to oxidative rancidity, in comparison to more saturated fats. Efforts to increase the content of ROLLING 0N...1N THE 90’a When You Buy A Bnllion You Get The Best MEETS THE CHALLENGE BRILLION FLAIL SHREDDERS keep going when others stop! One of the most Important features Is that you get the heaviest gearbox on the market with this machine. 12 & 15 foot. LANDCOMMANDER Controls compaction, rough fields, soil erosion & residue management problems. Adjustable front disc gangs cut the residue. Auto-reset shanks penetrate the soil 8 to 20” to breakup compac tion. The rear discs break clods, Incorporate residue and level fields. To leave more surface residue and control erosion, raise the gang. Easy manual or hydraulic adjustments change disc cutting depth. Now there's oft* way to manage aurfaca residue and compaction problems...stop In and we’ll talk. SOIL BUILDERS are a primary conservation tool that breaks up plow pan to absorb moisture and blends surface residue into the soil with enough residue left on top to control wind and L “omega-3” fatty acids (fatty acids with a double or unsaturated bond between carbons 3 and 4, counting from the methyl or “omega” end of the molecule) may also lead to problems of oxidative damage with storage. The omega-3 fatty acids are reported to lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, and decrease platelet aggregation (related to blood clotting and the develop ment of atherosclerosis) and have Draft Horses Team Up For Festival ACCORD, N.Y. Load up on a pancake breakfast, then help load the freshly cut com at Shell bark Farm on September 26-27 when teams of mighty draft horses will be bringing in the crop. Matched teams of English Shires, Belgains, and Percherons will be harvesting the com in the old style between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. at Shellbark Farm on Route 209 during a two-day Fall Harvest Festival sponsored by The Hudson Valley Draft Horse Association. Visitors to the farm, which is devoted to the preservation of tum-of-the-century farming prac tices, are invited to sip some hand pressed apple cider from this sea son’s crop, then watch black smiths and spinners demonstrate their crafts. The kids can enjoy hay rides in a cart pulled by two oxen named Duke and Dan, then beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarc tions (heart attacks). These fatty acids are naturally abundant in fish oils. Alternatively, the inclusion of proportionately more animal fats, particularly of ruminant origin (for example, beef tallow), will increase the content of saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid and provide a firmer carcass with grea ter shelf life. visit the Wyandotte hens and champion goats. Admission is just $2 per car. On Sunday morning from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m., dig into a stack of hot griddled pancakes served with local maple syrup, fresh apple top ping, and sausage grilled outside over an oak and apple wood fire. Breakfast is $S for adults and $3 for children under 12. On both days, The Roundout Valley Rod and Gun Club will be selling a barbecued chicken dinner both days for $6.30, complete with com, cole slaw, and a highly prized baked bean recipe. More food and beverages will be sup plied by Rochester #2 Fire Com pany, Kerhonkson Fire Company, and the First Aid Squad. For more information or pho tos, contact Shellbark Farm, (914) 626-5128. I Pennsylvania! Olay PIKEVtLLE EQUIPMENT, INfc. Jf ' Adamstown ADAMSTOWN EQUIP INC. Quarryvllle GRUMELU FARM SERVICE Bechtalsvilla MILLER EQUIP CO. Somerset SUMMIT MACHINERY. INC Berwick C.H. RINEHIMER & SONS Dover GEORQE N. GROSS, INC. Watsontown DEERFIELD AG & TURF CENTER, INC East on GEORGE V. SEIPLE Elizabethtown MESSICK FARM EQUIPMENT CO. MARYLAND } Rising Sun AG INDUSTRIAL Gettysburg YINGUNG IMPLEMENT Frederick CERESVILLE FORD NEW HOLLAND Intercourse CB HOOBER & SON I NEW JERS r ~V ~] Laneaeter LANDIS BROTHERS, INC. Lebanon UMBERGER’S OF FONTANA Cohimbua REED BROTHERS EQUIPMENT Maxatawny N.H FUCKER & SONS, INC. Elmer POLE TAVERN EQUIP SALES CORP Naadmora CLUGSTON FARM EQUIPMENT New Holland A.B.C. GROFF. INC ROLLING 0N...1N THE 90 a MEETS THE CHALLENGE Tamaqua CHARLES SNYDER, INC West Grove S.G. LEWIS & SON. INC. EQUIPMENT Bridgeton LESUE FOGG Fairfield CALDWELL TRACTOR 4 EQUIPMENT
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