D4-Lancaster Farming Saturday, November 17,1990 David Kradel Herbert Jordan Milton Madison Penn State Poultry Pointers I ;el Donald Singleta: Herbert Sie BASIC RESEARCH AND THE EGGSHELL FACTORY H. S. Siegel Professor and Head Department of Poultry Science The shell of the average chicken egg weighs about 0.18 ounces. Therefore, a hen that lays 250 eggs in a year produces about 2.8 pounds of shell annually, 98 per cent of which is calcium carbo nate, or calcite, the same mineral that is in limestone. The hen obtains the calcium for the shell from two sources; (1) directly from the feed and (2) from reserves in the bone. However, because the bone restores its reserve from the Iced, in the end the total amount ol calcium comes from that which is consumed. The proportion coming directly from die feed or from the bone reserve depends on how long it has been since the bird has eaten. Dur ing the second hall of the night, as the intestine begns to empty, a greater proportion of the calcium of the eggshell comes from the reserves in bone. What is the mechanism by which bone calcium is made avail able for shell formation? Dr. Carol Gay, a researcher in try's first macadam road. [orris Mast poultry science and molecular and cell biology at Penn State, is inves tigating the manner in which cal cium is removed and replaced in the bones of hens during the shell making process. Gay is studying the activity of a microscopic cell type called the “medullary bone osteoclast.” It has been shown that the activi ty of this cell is synchronized with the egg-laying cycle. During the 10-12 hour period when the egg shell is being calcified, a part of the osteoclast called the “ruffled bor der” appears; it is not seen at other limes. At the edges of this ruffled bor der are projections that contain a calcium dissolving substance. As the activity of the osteoclasts pro ceeds, calcium in the blood of the bird increases, making more of it available to the shell gland for deposition on the eggshell. It is important to note that cal cium turnover is more rapid in the bird’s skeleton than it is in mam mals (rats, rabbits, humans, etc.). Part of this difference in turnover rate is due to the fact that a bird’s osteoclasts arc more aggressive than those of the other animals. These basic studies on the avian osteoclast will further our under standing of shell calcification and improve the management of flocks for best shell quality. State 4-H Winners In Cambria Co. HARRISBURG (Dauphin Co.) — Cambria County 4-H horse members received 20 awards at the 31st annual state 4-H Horse Show held October 26-28 at the State Farm Show Complex. County winners in 4-H horse performance classes were: • Grooming & showmanship 13-15 years: Daron Murton, Min eral Point, fourth. • County team: Sherri Balzano, Ashville; Ginger Bender, Carroll town; Courtney Buchan, Cone maugh, second. • Pole Bending Pony: Jeffrey A. Vamer, Portage, third. • Pole Bending Horse: Gregory Dishong, Mineral Point, fifth. • Raised Box Keyhole Pony: Troy Bracken, Nanty Glo, fourth. • Raised Box Keyhole Horse; Angie Buck, Ebensburg, seventh. • Saddle Seat Equitation Jr. Div.: Kim Balzano, Ashville, fourth. • Saddle Type Pleasure Ponies: Erin Giblock, Lilly, seventh. • Draft Horse Single Cart: Kelli Wright, Summerhill, second. • Obstacle Trail Course: Aman da Loncar, Johnstown, third. A LESSON WELL LEARNED... LANCASTER FARMING'S CLASSIFIED ADS GET RESULTS! Phone; 717-394-3047 or 717-626-1164 • Walk-Trot Equitation: Aman da Loncar, Johnstown, second. In 4-H horse production classes members breed and raise then own project animal. Local win ners were: • Ginger Bender, Carrolltown, third, Arabian Ye:irling and 2 yr. old Colts. • Melissa Grow, South Fork, first. Hunter Type Pony Colts and Fillies of this yr. • Christie Smith, Ebensburg, second, Paso Fino Yearling and 2 yr. old Colts. • Trin Smith, Ebensburg, sec ond, Paso Fino Filly of this yr. • Michael W. Grow, South Fork, first. Quarter Horse Colt of this yr. • Kelly Lynn Layton, Johns town, third, Quarter Horse Year ling Filly. • Christopher Horn, Ebensburg, second, Stock Type Horse Year ling Filly. • Richard Waterhouse 11, Johnstown, fourth, Stock Type Pony Colts and Fillies of this yr. • Christopher Horn, Ebensburg, first, Stock Type Pony 2 yr. old Geldings. ...madttbfa&t Contact your nearest dealer. INGRAM BARN EQUIPMENT BtllcfonM, PA 814-383-2798 SOLLENBERGER SILO Chambaraburg, PA 717-264-9588 ROVENDALE SUPPLY FICKES SILO CO. W.taontown, PA Nmnvlll*, PA SOMMERSET BARN 717-538-5521 717-776-3129 EQUIPMENT FARMER BOY AG DAG SILO REPAIR ™.m?ownPA 814-445-5555 717-866-7565 814-683-5202 TOM DUNLAP DONALD NISSLEY HO 717-398-1391 Willow St, P* „, 7™™’ 717-786-7654 814-684-1777 MENDENHALL PHIC BUILDERS LANCASTER SILO DAIRY SUPPLY PottfownP* UncMUr. PA BrooKvlll#, PA 215-323-4070 717-299-3721 814-849-5539 CECIL DAIRY SERVICE DAV, pJS™ LLS 301^9 M 23 717-789-3961 215-257-2966 Several other county horse club members competed in the state contest and received recognition. They were Melissa Mitchell, Can dy Davidson, Justin Sowalla, Julie Farabaugh, Jennifer Balzano, Lesley Suppes. Jerry McCammon, youth exten sion agent, pointed out that com petition gave 4-H’ers an opportun ity to display their horsemanship skills. The primary purpose of the state 4-H horse program is to develop skills in horse manage ment. Through competition, the 4-H’ers develop riding skills, gain self-confidence, and learn proper care of animals. The state show culminates the year for more than 6,000 Pennsyl vania 4-H members enrolled in horse and pony clubs. More than 650 winners in coun ty and district competitions from all over the state vied for awards. Cambria County had 26 4-H’ers entered in the competition. Events tested skills in showmanship, equitation, pleasure, jumping, driving, and timed events. P 0 Box 11 • Lakt Mills Wl 53551 DETWILER SILO Nowvlllt, PA 717-776-6321 WHEELER INDUSTRIAL nAiav SUPPLY BRENNER DAIRY Soirwrtet, pa EQUIPMENT 814-445-8917 Sportonoburß. PA 814-654-7309 Tiberdome Incorporated 1414) 648-8376 GNEGY SURGE SERVICE Washington, PA 412-222-0444
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