CfrLmcwtar Farming, Thursday, Dacambar 24, 1987 Rutgers Cooperative Extension NEW BRUNSWICK. NJ The utilization of poultry manure for crop production is a sound and acceptable agricultural practice when used in a proper manner. Suggested rates, methods and tim ing of application must be fol lowed in order to minimize or pre vent environmental problems mainly excessive odors, nitrate and phosphate contamination of surface and ground waters. These guidelines will be useful in helping farmers use manure effi ciently in their crop production programs and simultaneously avoid environmental problems such as odors, leaching and runoff. • Manure will not be stockpiled in the field unless specific provi sions are made to keep manure dry and prevent runoff or leaching or effluent from the stockpile. Man ure over 60% moisture will not be stockpiled. • Manure will not be spread on ground that is frozen, snow cov ered or too wet to be plowed within the time limits that follow. • A manure free vegetative buf fer zone of not less than 25 feet will be maintained along or around defined drainage channels and sinkholes on slopes less than 6%. On slopes greater than 6%, the vegetative buffer should be 4x% slopexlOO feet Where a vegeta tive buffer is not established, man ure will not be spread closer than SO feet from defined drainage MILK REPLACERS Anyone who has been in the far rowing business for more than a month or so will see pigs starve. Sometimes it happens because the sow has more pigs than nipples to feed them. Other times, two pigs compete for the same spot on the udder. The pig that wins the com petition will grow. The pig that loses usually dies. And we’ve all seen newly weaned pigs go back wards - for a lot of reasons. But the important one is that they don’t eat. Offering a concoction we call milk replacer can save many of these pigs. Unfortunately milk replacer costs money, it can be a mess, it takes time to fool with, and for all your efforts, the pigs may scour and die anyway. But the people making milk replacers know that a lot of bucks are lost with these starve-outs. So they’ve Deen working hard to overcome iie normal headaches. MILK REPLACER COMPOSITION * * Protein in the replacer normally Guidelines Manure Estimated moisture and/or dry matter content cf poultry manure based on volume weight. Net Height of One Gallon of Manure* II channel or sinkholes on slopes less than 6%. Without a vegetative buf fer on slopes greater than 6%, the distance will be Bx%slopexloo feet. For example, the buffer zone for a 10% slope would be: Bxo.loxloo feet = 80 feet. • Manure containing less than 60% moisture and spread on land which will be tilled must be incor porated within 48 hours by: a) moldboard plowing, b) chisel plowing followed by disking, or c) other methods which at least achieve the results equal to a or b. Manure containing less than 60% moisture may be spread on the sur face of pasture or hayland, having more than a 75% vegetative cover. • Manure containing 60% or more moisture shall only be spread on cropland to be tilled and must be soil incorporated the same day by: a) moldboard plowing, b) chisel plowing followed by dis- runs 22 to 30% and should be milk based. Plant proteins (like soy pro teins) cause an allergic response in the gut wall of the pig. The youn ger the pig, the worse the response. There should be few if any plant products listed on the tag. The fat content of sow’s milk is about 30% on a dry matter basis. That’s a little difficult to manage in a milk replacer -- but a minimum of 10% fat is apparently vital to good performance. It’s nqt clear whether animal fat is superior to vegetable oil. Lactose, or milk sugar, should be the main carbohydrate in a milk replacer since pigs can digest it easily. Look for whey on the tag. That’s a good source of lactose. Organic acids are starting to appear in some milk replacers. These replacers are easy to iden tify since “acid“ or “acidified" will appear on the literature some where. Lowering the pH of the milk replacer mqkes good sense. The product won’t spoil as quickly once reconstituted (3 to 4 days (Turn to Pag* C 3) For In 8.00 7.63 7.26 6.85 55 45 6.43 SO 6.02 5.60 The Use Of Poultry Crop Production Percentage Moisture Dry Matter 45 55 king, or c) other methods which at least achieve the results equal to a or b. • The maximum tons of manure where manure is to serve as the only source of nitrogen shall be according to the recommendation of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station found in the latest edition of Commercial Veg etable Production Recommenda tion (E 001), Commercial Tree Fruit Production Recommenda tion (E 002) and Field Crop Pro duction Recommendation (E 003) for the crop and yield desireid. The rate shall be reduced accordingly if other additional sources of N are used. The following formula shall be used in determining the applica tion rate; Wet Tons Manure per Acre= Recommended Nitrogen/Acre for Crop (% Nitrogen in Wet Man ure) (2000x.65) (1). Manure may be spread on no-till com land at 'A the recommended rate during March, April or May. On land with a vegetative cover where manure will be surface applied the maximum annual rate shall be the recommended rate, but in no case more than 6 tons per acre to be split applications in which neither application shall be greater than 3 tons per acre and at least 3 months apart. (1) 2000x.65 = 65% availability in first year. • Land slope shall not exceed 8%, except when injected or plow furrow application is made and then land slope shall not exceed 10%. • The above slope or rates may be modified if application is made according to an approved Conser vation Plan, developed by the Soil Conservation District for control of runoff and erosion, that has been implemented. The soil loss tolerance “T” shall not be exceeded on field receiving poultry manure. Estimating Poultry Manure Moisture Weigh a one ‘gallon can and * record the weight Overfill the one ° gallon container with poultry man- £ urc as it comes from the poultry i house. Settle the manure in the = container by dropping the contain- g* er lightly on a table. Rake off the s top of the container so the contain er is level full of manure. Weigh, the filled container and record the weight Subtract the weight of the empty container from the weight of the filled container and record the difference or net weight of the manure. Use table below to convert net weight of manure to percentage moisture in the manure. Example: if net weight of manure is 6.43 lbs., it contains approximately 50 per cent moisture. Tons of poultry manu re recommended to supply nitrogen for growing 4 tons/acre of grass hay based on moisture and nitrogen content of the manure to be used. 40 45 50 5.5 6.1 1.50 5.3 5.9 1.55 5.1 5.7 1.60 5.0 5.5 1.65 4.8 5.4 4.7 [T7J 1.70 1.75 1.80 4.6 5.1 1.85 4.4 4.9 1.90 4.3 4.8 1.95 4.2 4.7 2.00 4.1 4.6 2.05 4.0 4.4 2.10 3.9 4.3 2.15 3.8 4.2 2.20 3.7 4.1 Tons of poultry manure to supply the preplant nitrogen requirement for a 50-60 bushels/acre wheat of a 60-70 bushel/acre barley crop based on moisture and nitrogen content of the manure to be used. 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2 00 2.05 2 10 2 15 2.20 2.25 •Double values listed in above table for spring topdressing application Tons of poultry manure recommended to supply nitrogen for growing 150 bushels/acre of grain corn based on mois ture and nitrogen content of the manure to be used. 40 45 50 55 e --Tons/Acr- 1.50 8.4 9.3 10 3 1.55 1 60 7.9 8.8 1 65 7.6 8 5 1.70 7.4 8.2 7.2 18 . 0[ 1 75 1.80 7.0 7.8 6.8 7/6 1.85 1.90 6.6 7.4 1.95 6.5 7.2 2.00 6.3 7.0 2.05 6.1 6.8 2.10 6.0 6.7 5.9 6?S 2.15 2.20 5.7 6.4 2.25 5.6 6.2 EC HEEE LIVESTOCK LATEST Moisture Content of Manure, % Tons/Acre-- —- Moisture Content of Manure, \ 50 55 60 65 70 Tons/Acre* 18 19 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 15 1.7 O !- 7 e 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 13 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 14 1.2 1.3 1.2 13 1.2 1.3 Moisture Content of Manure. \ 11 2 12.1 10.8 11.7 10.5 11 4 10.2 11.0 10.7 ■* 9 3 10.4 10.1 70 75 80 2.3 2.5 2 2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.1 2 2 2.0 2 2 20 2 1 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 17 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 70 75 80 13.1 14 9 14.0 12 6 14.5 13.5 12 3 14.0 13.1 13.6 12.7 11.9 13.2 12.4 11.5 12.8 12 0 11.2 12.4 11.7 10.9 10.6 12.1 11.4 11.8 10.3 11.1 11.5 10.8 10.1 11.2 10.5 10.9 10.2 10.7 10.0 10.4 10 2 10.0
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers