El4-Umcaster Fannins, Saturday, January 11,1985
Apple
(Continued from Page El 3)
apple grower’s fruit has changed
considerably over the last 15 years.
A continuation of the trends in
domestic _ consumption and in
ternational trade would have
varying effects on U.S. growers.
Growers of fresh-market
varieties would be producing for
an expanding, higher priced
market and therefore would tend
to produce more apples. They
would then have a larger volume of
cull apples which they could divert
to the growing canned-juice
market. In contrast, growers
producing primarily for the
canning market would be facing a
shrinking market and lower prices
due to unprofitable alternative
outlets. These growers could be
forced to change production
practices or varieties to meet the
requirements of the more
profitable markets.
Growers sometimes recognize
opportunities long before they
appear as a trend in statistical
data. A few years of lower prices
or restricted deliveries of
processing apples, accompanied
by lower gross returns per unit,
can encourage changes. Growers
commonly make these changes by'
planting different varieties when
they expand orchard acreage or
replace old orchards.
Tmtdtin
Applt Production
Apples comprised nearly 16
percent of the tonnage of all fruit
grown in this country during the
early 1960 s (Table 2). While some
commercial production is reported
in the majority of states, most is
concentrated in nine states (Table
3). Michigan, New York,
Washington, and the six states of
the Appalachian Region produced
about three-fourths of all U.S.-
grown apples in 1980-84.
These states are collectively
increasing their share of national
production. They accounted for 72
percent in 1970-74, 74 percent in
197&-79, and 76 percent during the
last five years.
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industry adjusts
From the early 1970 s through the
early 1980 s, total U.S. apple
production increased about 30
percent. A 10 percent growth in
population during that period,
coupled with an 18 percent in
crease in per-capita consumption,
accounted for use of nearly all the
increased supply. In Washington,
where production is fresh-market
oriented, apple production in
creased 87 percent during the
period, while the remaining states
averaged only a 13.6 percent in
crease. Of the major apple
producing states, New York,
Michigan, and Washington enjoyed
the highest rates of growth.
Apple production in the Ap
palachian Region has not in
creased as rapidly as it has in the
other major producing states.
Among the six states in the region,
only North Carolina has
significantly increased production
since the early 19705. A number of
reasons may explain why the
region has not kept pace with the
rest of the industry. The climate
may not be as favorable for the
production of fresh-market apples
as it is in other regions. Or perhaps
the region’s resources can be used
more profitably in other kinds of
businesses. A more probable ex
planation, though, is that the
Appalchian Region simply has not
had enough time to adjust to recent
market changes because it is an
old production area. Adjustment is
much faster and easier when
production is in an expansion
phase. Washington, for example,
has increased output by expanding
acreage and incorporating new
production techniques.
Evidence of change in response
to market forces is slowly
beginning to appear in the Ap
palachian Region. The 1972 and
1982 surveys of Pennsylvania
orchards and vineyards reveal
some changes in the apple industry
during that decade (Table 4).
Growers have been expanding
their potential for fresh-market
production by planting more fresh-
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market varieties like Delicious. In
addition, the number of growers
and acreages of apples continue to
decline, and the average number
of trees per acre continues to in
crease. Because these higher
density plantings require smaller
trees, 43 percent of all commercial
apple trees today are dwarf,
semidwarf, or trellised, compared
with only 25 percent in 1972.
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Larger growers are still in
creasing their share of total out
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are responsible for the bulk of
apple production in Pennsylvania.
The remaining group, more than
500 growers, accounts for only 15
percent of Pennsylvania’s annual
production. Many of these small
growers and some of the large
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marketing outlets such as roadside
stands and farmers markets where
apples are sold fresh and as cider.
Pennsylvania apple growers
appear to be making market
directed adjustments in production
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by shifting emphasis slightly from
processing varieties to fresh
market varieties. However,
judging from the quantity of recent
plantings of York (primarily a
processing variety), there is still a
fair degree of grower optimism
about the peeler market.
Growers are getting larger and
adopting new planting systems in
the hope of increasing efficiency
and enhancing the quality of ap
ples grown. As more and more of
the adjustment process is com
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may find it is able to hold and even
increase its portion of the market.
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