Using UNIVERSITY PARK - Animal scientists, agronomists, agricultural engineers and foresters in the College of Agriculture at Penn State are studying the potential for using Pennsylvania’s four million acres of unused land as pasture for beef cattle and sheep. Such marginal land commonly consists of abandoned cropland, unused for 10 years or more, and stands of young pines or open, sparsely populated hardwood stands. These lands present an untapped forage resource for the state’s beef cattle and sheep, according to animal scientists L.L. Wilson and H.W. Harpster. One approach in assessing this potential has been to study the nutritive value of the native or “wild” vegetation already present. Surprisingly, many weeds are palatable for sheep and cattle if the plants are grazed while young. Calcium phosphorus, magnesium and copper levels are highly desirable in these weeds and can Organize job taking to UNIVERSITY PARK - Don’t waste your time or that of a potential employer until you have your act together. Whether you are entering the marketplace for the first time or trying to re-enter, you must know how to market your skills and abilities. Designed to help you develop basic skills useful in finding a job is a correspondence course available from The Pennsylvania State University. Titled, “Job Hunting Skills,” the course presents some basic principles and techiques for organizing your own job hunting campaign. Home mointenanee file saves time, trouble YORK If you can’t remember who fixed your furnace the last time it broke down or how much it cost to replace your kitchen fan blades, you may have some problems the next time you need to take care of either again. A home maintenance file can help you keep track of all work done and purchases made, what each cost, and the store or service center you went to for each item or repair. A home maintenance file also can help you figure out how much to budget for maintenance or replacement in the future. Although prices for both tend to go 4 million supplement the low levels of many conventional grasses and legumes. The potential productivity of marginal lands, in terms of animal carrying capacity, is very im portant to farmers. In studies led by Dr. Wilson, three to five acres of old abandoned farmland were required to meet the nutritional needs of one beef cow and her calf during the grazing season. For a growing steer, two and one-half acres were needed. Sparsely wooded pine or hardwood stands would require 10 to 20 acres to support each cow and calf. How marginal lands are managed is also vitally important. They should be sparsely grazed, or rotationally grazed, since these pastures are extremely fragile, and overgrazing can cause erosion. Thus, such hill pastures need a 30 to 40 day rest at least once, or perhaps two or three time's, during the grazing season. This can be accomplished by rotational grazing, Dr. Wilson search before the read Sixteen traits sought by em ployers are listed and discussed. Some of the other topics discussed are: knowing yourself, learning about an occupation, how to find employers who are hiring people like you, what an employer can legally ask you, writing ap plications, personal resumes and job letters, the job interview, and getting along on your new job. You can get a copy of the seven lesson course by send $6.75, in cluding handling, to JOB HUN TING SKILLS, Dept. 5000, University Park, PA 16802. Make check payable to PENN STATE. up, you’ll at least know how much it cost last time and you can get some idea of what to expect. And the file can help you remember which service people to call - or not to call - the next time something needs to be fixed. You can also use the file to store warranty and “use and care” information. It is a good way to keep track of the model number or serial number of certain parts that need to be replaced often. Be sure to file the exact name and type of paint you’ve used so you can be sure to get the same one if you have to repaint a wall or trim. unused acres for pasture pointed out. Wilson and Harpster cautioned that most hill land pasture is poorly drained, thus subject to trampling by livestock which destroys the surface for future growth of grass. Use such lands only when the ground is dry enough to avoid muddiness. Mud will lead to trampling of grass cover. Trees may be helpful in reducing erosion and holding soil. However, in most cases it is still best to fence cattle out of woodlands, and manage the hill land pasture so as not to damage trees. “Location of hill pastures is also important,” Wilson commented. “Southern slopes many times will have grass ready for grazing two to three weeks earlier than nor thern slopes. Southern slopes also tend to dry out quicker in the spring, allowing fertilizer ap plication and increased growth earlier in the spring,” he added. In addition to studying the productivity of marginal lands in their natural state, the researchers also looked at improving forage availability through more in tensive management. Four pasture establish ment/management systems studied included; 1. Surface seeded with recom mended legumes and grasses, no lime or fertilizer applied, 30 per cent brush cover, grazed with sheep and goats. 2. Same as 1 but grazed with sheep only. 3. Surface seeded with one-half recommended amounts of lime and fertilizer, rotationally grazed by sheep. 4. Same as 3 with full recom mended amounts of lime and fertilizer. The value of intensive the one that keeps rolling when others quit! EAR BL Ml Automatic pioneered the development of the unique crusher unit which shells corn and shreds the cob ahead of the rollers which crack the kernels and reduce the cob further. No troublesome screens to change or slow down the capacity. It comes with 8-foot hydraulic intake auger and 54-inch blower. Also available with an 11-inch tilting discharge auger with 10-foot reach in place of the blower. • UNIQUE CRUSHER ROLLS shell the corn, crush the cob ahead of the rolls, no screens to plug. • FATIGUE-PROOF DRIVE SHAFTS, ground and polished. • CARBON STEEL ROLLS, hardened to a 56 Rockwell “C”, out perform other rolls in capacity and durability. •20-SPLINE, 13/»-inchl 3 /»-inch PTO shaft with shear pin protection. DvnFD Supply |\| ULl\ WVI I *-■ Chambersburg. PA 17201 0219 CO. PH /17 263 9111 management was clearly seen in terms of the pounds of lamb produced per acre, according to Dr. Harpster, sheep project leader. System 1 produced 76 pounds; system 2, 95 pounds; system 3,197 pounds; and system 4,333 pounds of lamb per acre. The growth of kid goats was an added benefit on system 1. “These results were averaged over three grazing seasons and thus reflect normal variations in rainfall from year to year,” Dr. Harpster stated. The increased lamb production on systems 3 and 4 were a direct result of increased forage growth First aid for spots and stains DELAWARE COUNTY - It always seems to be just when cleaning supplies are low that spills and stains occur, says Maryetta Dorricott, Delaware County cooperative extension service home economist. Most people try to keep their medicine chest equipped with emergency supplies and food shelves stocked for the unexpected. However, not many well-prepared to treat spills and stains on favorite clothes. Prompt action can mean the dif ference between wearing clothes again or sending them to the discard pile. Most stains on washable fabrics can be removed with items nor mally on hand such as white ab sorbent fabric, all-purpose detergent and soap, baking powder, cornstarch and deodorant bath soap. More specific cleaning materials such as drycleaning fluid con taining perchoroethylene or trichloroethane, enzyme pre-soak, through ft rtilization and improved forage use through rotational grazing. Both practices are im portant in obtaining an economical return from marginal land, Harpster affirmed. The impact of the goats co grazing with the sheep in system 1 also suggests a useful management tool. While sheep preferred the more conventional grasses and legumes, goats clearly preferred brushland. After two to three years of grazing, much of the brush disappeared, allowing sunlight penetration and emergence of seeded grass species. non-oily fingernail polish remover, clear household ammonia and household cleaner, are found in most homes as are common laundry products like chlorine bleach, oxygen bleach, and prewash soil-and-stain remover. However, few people think to include color remover, rust remover, paint solvent, banana oil and sodium thiosulfate in their regular stock of cleaning supplies. If all or most of these cleaning items are not on your laundry shelf, you may want to add them to your next shopping list. This checklist and other useful information is yours for the asking in a new publication now available from your Delaware County Cooperative Extension Service. Call 565-9070 and ask for a copy of Removing Stains and Odors from Washable Fabrics. Penn State is an affirmative action, equal op portunity university.
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