UNIVERSITY PARK - Acid
rain is a fact of life for most of the
Northeastern United States in
cluding Pennsylvania. “Residents
of Pennsylvania have an important
stake in the outcome of the acid
rain debate,’’ according to James
S. Shortle, assistant professor of
agricultural economics at Penn
State.
Shortle said that the state would
benefit from acid rain controls.
“Pennsylvania has been
characterized as being ‘in the eye
of the storm,’ receiving on the
average the most acidic ram in the
nation,’’ he said in the May issue of
Farm Economics, the monthly
economics newsletter of the
College of Agriculture.
Added controls will help clear
the air, but Pennsylvania stands to
lose substantially from a vigorous
control program of industries
important ot the state’s economy.
Shoitle said there is little doubt
that the acid ram is falling. “Acid
ram stems from a phenomenon
more accurately descried as acid
deposition,” he explained. “Acid
compounds and acid-producing
substances are deposited, either
wet or dry, from the atmosphere.
“There is little debate that this is
step up
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Pa. has big stake in acid rain
occurring over broad regions of the
United States. Wet acid deposition,
or acid rain, is easiest to measure
and rates in much of the eastern
United States have rate of deposit
in excess of those, that would occur
naturally. The highest average
deposition rates are centered
around eastern Ohio, western
Pennsylvania and northern
Virginia, according to a recent
publication by the Office of
Technology Assessment. In this
and other areas average wet
deposition rates are many tunes
what scientists would expect to
occur in nature. Dry deposition
averaged over the eastern states
has been estimated by computer
models to be about equal to wet
deposition, or one-half total
deposition.
“Measurements of the acidity of
precipitation in Pennsylvania
indicate the state receives very
acidic ram and perhaps more so on
average than anywhere else in the
country,” said Shortle.
A major question facmg federal
lawmakers on Capitol Hill is
whether to strengthen regulation
of air pollutants linked to acid ram.
The act that largely governs
federal air pollution control
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regulation - The Clean Air Act - is
being considered for
reauthonzation by Congress. In
the process, scientists, en
vironmentalists, and the Canadian
government are lobbying Congress
to amend the act to provide for
immediate and stringent measures
to reduce emissions of air
pollutants linked to acid ram -
primarily, nitrogen oxides (NO x )
and sulfur dioxide (SOj)-
The debate on acid ram control
entered the political sphere m a
major way last year when several
legislators promoted legislation to
impose new limitations on
emissions of SO2 in the eastern half
of the nation.
Two approaches to limiting
damage from acid ram are to treat
affected sites and to control
emissions. Sites can be treated
with lime, but the consensus is that
the application of this alkaline
compound, while beneficial,
cannot be relied upon to limit
damage from acid deposition. The
focus of control proposals is
therefore on emissions control.
The acid ram debate centers on
three key questions: What can be
done to reduce acid deposition,
what are the economic impacts.
Hopper Tanks
Lancaster Fanning, Saturday, June 18,1983-Dl3
and how effective are proposed
regulatory approaches likely to
be? To help answer these
questions, Congress established
the interagency Task Force on
Acid Precipitation m 1980. The task
force has a 10-year research plan
to further understanding of the
causes and sources of acid
deposition; the environmental,
>siv>ial and economic effects of
Planting
nears for
HARRISBURG, PA. - June 15 is
the final planting date for corn,
and June 25 is the final planting
date for soybean acreage insured
by the Federal Crop Insurance
Corporation (FCIC), or by private
companies reinsured by FCIC.
According to Bill Foose, who is
the District Director for the
Eastern Pennsylvania and Nor
thern New Jersey areas, all
acreage of soybeans and com not
planted by the final planting dates
must be reported as being planted
too late to be insured.
‘•Farmers who are unable to
plant prior to the June final
planting dates because of ex-
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acid deposition; and remedial
measures.
In the meantime, political
decision makers are faced with
hard questions that have not yet
been answered fully by physical
and social scientists. They
nevertheless must decide to what
extent the benefits of emissions
control warrant the costs.
deadline
insurance
cessive moisture conditions may
wish to sign a 20-day late planting
agreement, which permits in
surance coverage, but provides for
a lower bushel-per-acre guarantee
due to the late planting,” says
Fouse.
This late planting agreement is
only available when excessive
moisture conditions are present,
such as many areas have ex
perienced during this year’s
planting time.
More information about the new
late-planting agreement may be
obtained by contacting a local,
authorized crop insurance agent,
or through the County ASCS office
located in each county.
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