Good management prevents sheep problems > / >■ » ' v s . *'**?***» v< ♦ \ '! . t Dr. Gary Brubaker, professor of animal science at Delaware Valley College, shows the proper way'to make an inter-muscular injection in a sheep. He spoke at a recent sheep seminar held at the college. S Shenandoah AGRI EQUIPMENT, INC. OFFERS COMPLETE • SALES • INSTALLATION • SERVICE STORE HOURS: Mon. thru Fri. 7:30 till 5:30 Saturday 7:30-12:00 SPUN STEEL ADDS STRENGTH WITHOUT SEAMS The Top Lid and Bin Expander Ring are spun from single pieces of galvanized steel. Reinforcement ribs keep the Lid round for a tight fit. The one-piece Bin Expander Ring is smooth, without seams or welds to leak or hold back feed. Comes complete with steps as illustrated and 2 x 4 skids and pulls for easy moving. FEED FLOW ADJUSTMENT Controlled by Crank in top of Bin is con nected by four Rods to Floating Feed Gate. Nudgers on Floating Gate allow hogs to agitate feed by revolving Gate full 360° as they feed. AGRI- CATTLE - HOG - POULTRY EQUIPMENT ByKENDACEBORRY DOYLESTOWN - Most health problems in sheep can be prevented largely through good management, proper feeding, strict sanitation, and a vaccination program. That’s the word according to Dr. Gary Brubaker, professor of animal science at Delaware Valley College. He was a speaker at the recent sheep conference held at that college. A disease is any deviation in the normal bodily func tions of an animal, Brubaker explained. An infectious disease is one that is caused by microbes, such as bac teria, viruses, fungi, spores, etc. Contagious diseases are spread by microbes rapidly from individual to in dividual. A noninfectious disease is a nutritional or metabolic disorder, and no microbes are involved. Some normal physiological values for sheep include a rectal temperature averaging 102.3; ranging from 100.9 to 103.8; pulse rate per minute ranges from 70 to 80 beats per minute; and respiration rate averages 12 to 20 per minute. A good sheep health program is for the most part a preventative program, Brubaker stressed. He told of some general management practices for the prevention of disease. Proper facilites “build out” disease problems and build in sanitation, he noted. The facility should be designed for easy cleaning, good ventilation, proper drainage, pure water and H^>LE FINISHING “Dealer Inquiries invited” EQUIPMENT, IN c. R.D. 4 EPHRATA, PA. 17522 PHONE 717-354-4271 uncontaminated feed, isolation areas, and pasture rotation, among other things. A good shepherd should avoid stress in his flock. Stress lowers disease resistance. Some non specific stresses include transportation, over crowding, drastic feeding changes, excessive noise and handling, poor ventilation, adverse weather conditions, and internal parasites. Visitors should be limited, he added, new animals should be quarantined. Foot dips should be used. And the sheep facility should be cleaned and disinfected thoroughly at least once a year. A shepherd should learn to know his animals by ob serving them as frequently as possible, Brubaker said. He should follow a good external and internal parasite control program. Proper nutritions, should be provided, and the animals should be acclimated to the various stages in sheep feeding. A shepherd should outline a disease preventive program that will fit the needs of the flock. A suggested program, he added, might include a vaccination program for Enterotoxemia, Sore mouth, and Tetanus. Enterotoxemia is also known as overeating disease, bloody scours, pulpy kidney disease, or apoplexy. The disease is caused by the toxin produced from Clostridium perfringsns, type C and D, which are HOB Frans 14 GA. SPUN STEEL BASE Seamless spun steel base pro vides uniform feed flow. A smooth, steep cone extends within an inch of the adjustable Feed Gate to keep feed within easy reach of the hogs whether the Bin is full or low. Lancaster Farming, Saturday, July 7,1979 normal bacteria of the small intestine. Symptoms will usually occur in young vigorous large-sized lambs, suckling as well as feeder lambs. They will be seen to be shivering, giving nervous symptoms (such as head drawn back, convulsion, grinding teeth, frothing at the mouth,' or comatose). There may be bloody diarrhea, a general sluggishness, with the animal going off feed, and sudden death. For prevention, the ewes should be vacinated twice during pregnancy, eight and four weeks before lambing. Lambs should be vaccinated at 30 and 60 days. Some important predisposing factors for the disease, Brubaker noted, are a sudden change in feed, or irregular feeding; excessive high energy and insufficient feeder space, and feeding various sized lambs together. Using management as a prevention for the disease, one should have gradual feed changes, be sure the sheep are free of internal parasites, have ample feed in front of the lambs at all times, and use antibiotics in the feed (10 mg per pound of feed). The disease Sore mouth is also known as ovine ec thyma, contagious ezthyma, proliferative dermatitis, scabbey mouth, and con tagious pustular dermatitis.. To prevent it, the ewes should be vacinated prior to breeding, and lambs should be vacinated around docking time. This vaccine includes a live virus which is rehydrated. To apply it, one scarifies the area about the size of a quarter on the inside of the flank and applies one drop of the virus solution, brushing it in. Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is caused by a toxin produced by an anerobic organism that is commonly found in soil and horse manure. The spores live for years and can be a con tinuing disease on some premises. 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