Breeding structure of dairy cattle reported
BRATTLEBORQ, VTr -
The breeding structure of
U.S. dairy cattle is greatly
influenced by the artificial
insemination industry with
selection of sires becoming
more intense every day,
according to a Holstein
Science Report recently
published by the Holstein
Association of America.
Dr. A. E, Freeman, of
lowa State University,
concludes in his report that a
major contribution to
genetic inprovement of dairy
cattle has come about
through the efforts of the AJL
industry. However, he adds,
sires selected and progeny
tested by private breeders
and syndicates'of private
breeders continue to aid in
the overall contribution
made by the many A.I.
organizations.
' ‘ t Freeman has represented
the Holstein Association on
several technical-assistance
assignments in Europe. His
report is based on a formal
presentation made last year
at a dairy conference on
catle breeding at' Warsaw,
Poland. '
U.S. figures show that the
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vast majority of dairy herds
are owned and operated as
family units. Of the nearly 11
million milking cows in the
United States, about four
million are enrolled in the
Dairy Herd Improvement
Program.
The average herd size on
official test stands at 77
animals. The average herd
size of all U.S. dairy herds is
about 68 animals. The
proportion of cows tested,
herd size, and production
levels vary widely from
state to state.
The new report lists
Holsteins ahead of all dairy
breeds for production of milk
and fat.'The HolsteiiTbreed
accounts for 91.5 per cent of
all cows on official test. Ibis
percentage, however, ap
pears to be slightly higher
for cows not on test. The
potential economic return
from breeding a large
number of Holstein cows
allows large capital in
vestments by A.I.
organizations in genetic
imporvement programs,
according to Freeman.
The Holstein Science
Report reviews the in
iesei
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WASHINGTON, D.C. - It
is estimated that autos kill
millions of wild animals on
U.S. roads each year.
Much of the damage oc
curs during the Spring and
Summer, when rural roads
are jammed with holiday
bound motorists.
If you are about to go on
vacation, the National
Wildlife Federation urges
you to observe these
humanitarian rules:
Remember to look out for
animals, both wild and
domestic, along the high
ways. By driving alertly,
especially at night, you can
help spare the lives of
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novations in practice today
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There is a definite emphasis
on research directed toward
genetic improvement of
dairy cattle. Developments
involved with the use of
computers are being tried on
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on herds more easily
available for management
decision.
Developments in
reproduction that employ
superovulation and frozen
safety urged to spare animal life
creatures who normally
panic when confronted with
a speeding auto.
Dr. Fred R. Scroggin,
president of the NWF, issued
the appeal. “We can’t
assume that wildlife will act
rationally when they see
your car,” he said. “The
driver must be rational. You
may have to stop completely
to avoid a collision that could
kill you as well as that
roadside animal.’’
Scroggin noted that 29,914
wbitetail deer and 84 bears
were killed by autos in just
one state, Pennsylvania, last
year. In one area, Allegheny
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Uncaster Farming, Saturday, May 19,1979-
embryos are becoming more
wide spread. The impact of
these developments depends
on their effectiveness and
costs, but have a potential
for breed improvement
according to the report.
Copies of the Holstein-
County, drivers killed more
deer on the highways than
hunters bagged during the
hunting season.
Three Pennsylvania State
University employees who
conducted an informal
survey of the wildlife toll in
their area are convinced that
millions of animals die on
the state’s roads yearly.
Along their 40-mile com
mutation route alone, in one
month they counted 65 dead
rabbits, 34 birds, 20
opossums, and a number of
raccoons, skunks, groun
dhogs, cats, dogs, squirrels,
deer, chipmunks, snakes,
foxes, and porcupines.
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Science Report, “Breeding
Structure of the Dairy Cattle
Industry in the United
States,” are available from
the Holstein Association,
One South Main Street,
Brattleboro, Vermonto93ol.
The three noted that the
greatest number of animals
died on unfenced, two-lane
roads bordering farms or
forests.
NWF’s President Scroggin
also advised against
“adopting” or “rescuing”
wildlife. “Wild animals
make bad, and even
dangerous pets,” he said.
Except in rare cases where
an injured animal might be
taken to a veterinarian for
treatment, and then released
again into the wild, he said,
most wild animals are better
off left to their parents.
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