—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, March 19, 1977 16 To most farmers the term lepto or leptospirosis is just the name of another disease they have read or heard about, but has never been close enough to cause concern or alarm. To some, however, it is a very real entity, one which has cost thousands of dollars in lost calves, abortions, lowered production, mastitis, rebreeding problems, and veterinary bills. Leptospirosis is a very real and ever present danger, one which every farmer should be aware of, knowledgeable about, and prepared to protect his herd from. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by an organism which infects and can be carried by a large number of animals including cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, skunks, foxes, mice, rats, and humans. Leptospirosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment is complicated by the fact that thpre are 22 groups of lepto organisms containing more than 100 serotypes. Fortunately there are no more than five types which we presently need be concerned about. Leptospirosis infections often occur without any noticeable specific signs, but can result in a variety of disease con ditions, the most prominent one being abortion, usually in the last trimester of pregnancy. Other major conditions are fever, loss of appetite, mastitis, and reduced milk produc tion. The “abortion storm” is the most feared and well known effect of leptospirosis, and its reputation is well deserved, as it has resulted in tremendous losses in many herds. Lepto often starts as a febrile stage and may be accompanied by decreased appetite and reduced milk yield. Abortion, when it occurs, is usually one to five weeks following the onset of signs. Approximately 25 percent of infected cows in the last trimester of pregnancy abort, and rebreeding problems often follow for several months. In calves the disease is often more pronounced with a higher death rate than with adults, and often with kidney involvement resulting in bloody urine; hence the common name of “Redwater disease of Calves.” In swine lepto is present in all parts of the United States. The primary loss is abortion in infected pregnant sows or weak pigs at farrowing which often die within 48 hours. The secondary problem is that swine can remain carriers of the organism for up to nine months, possibly longer, and provide a source of bovine or even humn infection, (“Swineherders disease”). Thus it is very important to keep swine and cattle separated. The five major serotypes infective for domestic animals are Lepto pomona, gripootyphosa, hardjo, ic terohemorrhagiae, and canicola. Laboratory diagnosis of the particular serotvue may be confusing because of crossover between the serotypes. According to Dr. Lenn Harrison of the. Pennsylvania Bureau of Animal Industry Laboratory, the. most prevalent serotype in the state is L. pomona, followed by L. Grippotyphosa and L. Hardjo. Lepto Canicola and Ictermemorrhagiae are here and have shown reaction but their importance is still difficult to evaluate. The disease is widespread as, according to Dr. Harrison, “positive samples have been received from every major fanning area in Pennsylvania.” LANCASTER FARMING FOR FULL MARKET REPORTS fo WISCONSIN \fJ3tl SALES'S SERVICE BRING YOUR ENGINES IN FOR REPAIRS NOW!! 10% OFF APRIL Ist W On All Parts Used In Repairing Your Engine Don't Wait Till The Spring Rush. MILLER'S REPAIR 1 Mile North of Bird-m-Hand 8 mrfes-East of Lancaster RDI, Bird-in-Hand. PA Phone 717-656-9013 READ fc Treatment and control are difficulfonce an infection is established because of the relative ineffectiveness of an tibiotic treatment and the existence of carrier animals which otherwise may appear quite normal. Antibiotics may shorten the febrile period but often will not alter the course of in fection in other respects. The organisms also tend to ac cumulate in areas of the kidneys out of the reach of an tibiotics, and may be shed in the urine for several months. Prevention then is the key to lepto control. The usual source of lepto infection is a carrier animal which sheds the organism in the urine. They do not multiply outside the body, but can survive in surface water (ponds, streams, marshes) *' v ‘ ? *-1 "Ok w v * -*?**- ' k *?'£<*- I ** f®* ''" -» v j ' v W '■k7j~*,. •^rr r> - '^liyi If you’ve been using tractors up to 65 hp, your next logical step up in power is the 80 hp 1410, available with 12- speed synchromesh or range power shift transmission According to offi cial tests, the 1410 synchromesh is the fuel economy champion in its horsepower class It used a miserly 291 gph m the varying pto power tests The 80 turbocharged horses provide muscle and strength to han dle heavy field jobs, yet give oper ating efficiency that cuts costs on lighter work And you get the all-round versatility and maneuverability you need for big and small barnyard and feedlot chores - f 80 horses that won’t say no. You II like the power, response and accel eration this Case diesel packs into its 219 turbo-cubes And you'll like the added strength built into this engine's cylinder block, crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, bearings, valves and timing gears The crankshaft is a toughened steel forging statically and BINKLEY & HURST BROS. A, 133 Rothsviile Station Rd. 'Official t#st ¥ I v r a«r ase low-profile line dynamically balanced to run smooth ly. The engine has a dry micronic air cleaner with service indicator, plus cold starting aid Hydrostatic steering. Like the larger Case 1070 and 970 tractors, the 1410 has a transverse mounted cylinder that moves with the front axle to pro vide increased accuracy for precise steering There’s less than three easy turns from lock to lock Selectamatic hydraulics. A single lever provides depth/draft control for mounted ground-working implements, height control for sprayers, mowers, etc, and a third position that offers traction control for a semi-mounted plow with gauge wheel. Tandem hydraulic pumps now pro vide a maximum 15 5 gpm remote ca pacity With a power beyond manifold, the full oil output of both the 8 75 gpm 3-pomt hitch pump and the 6 75 gpm remote pump can be used to speed up loader operations And the lift capac ity of the Category II hitch 24 inches SALES A SERVICE Utfe, PA 17543 Phone (717) 6264705 for up to six weeks. They are also carried by wild animals s. the most important step in prevention is vaccination. TW are several vaccines available in costs ranging from 15 a head to $1.50 a head, and with lepto vaccines you exactly what you pay for. The cheapest vaccines contain onl! L. pomona and vaccination for one lepto serotype does not provide protection against any other. So vaccination with l pomona vaccine may still leave your herd wide open for lepto invasion. Your veterinarian is best able to determine which vaccine or combination of vaccines, if any, is most suitable for your particular area. 1 Incidence of leptospirosis is greatest in spring and sum mer, and vaccination in early spring' will best provide the highest level of protection when most needed. One must remember, however, that no vaccination is 100 percent ef fective, but only protective to a certain degree. Lepto vac cination, fortunately, is one of the more effective ones. Vaccination is recommended annually to all animals in the herd over six months of age, as vaccination of younger animals tends to be less effective. Again, early ingestion of colostrum by newborn calves is very important for tran sferring immunity from dam to calf. Vaccination for lepto or any disease is much like in surance. You may never know if the vaccination has really been needed, although additional peace of mind is one of the intangible benefits. However, once lepto has struck and your herd is not protected, it is too late for those cows already affected. The choice is yours. ‘ f behind the hitch point is 5535 pounds Hydrostatic steering has its own 4 7 gpm pump Optional 12-speed range power shift transmission has a sep arate 575 gpm pump A full-flow hy draulic filter is standard, plus an oil cooler with optional power shift Independent pto. The hand operated power takeoff clutch is independent of the traction clutch You can stop and start the tractor without interrupt ing pto power, engage or disengage the pto on-the-go or standing still The 540 pto speed is standard. Optional is a 540/1000 rpm dual speed pto You can switch this stub shaft by sim ply reversing, then replacing the shaft flange cap bolts It cannot be mounted the wrong way (See picture page 2) Oil-immersed disc brakes aid in steer ing with right and left pedals A con venient center master pedal equalizes braking power for transport and haul ing There is also a hand operated parking brake of
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