Nitrogen stabilizer developed
I Continual frost Pagt I
with anhydrous ammonia or urea solution fertilizers at rates
equivalent to one-half to one quart per acre, N-Scrve tends to
increase yields, or maintain yields in the face of decreased
use of these fertilizers. Disease resistance is also enhanced.
For example, of 1M tests for which data had been tabulated
by December 1, 1975, a total of 104, or 83 percent, showed
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yield Increases, according to R. L. Tennant, Dow’s Manager
of Plant Nutrition. N-Serve (ailed to Increase yields In only 22
of the testa, and these were Instances where conditions for
nitrogen losses did not occur.
The tests were run on the four crops for which the stabilizer
is registered com, wheat, grain sorghum and cotton at
more than SO locations across the country. In addition, many
other growers not formally involved in the tests reported
similar successes with both fall and spring application of N-
Serve.
Ecological benefits also occur from the use of N-Serve
because it minimizes the volatilization and leaching loss of
nitrogen incorporated in the soil prior to planting. It achieves
this by controlling many of the Nitrosomonaa bacteria which
normally are responsible for the conversion of ammonia cal
nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen. Therefore, the nitrogen remains
in the ammonia cal form attached to soil particles, instead of
converting to a form of nitrogen which can be carried off by
rain or irrigation waters.
In fact, sou scientists estimate that only half of the nitrogen
farmers apply is utilized by their crops. The rest is lost
through natural biological conversion, denitrification,
leaching, and volatilization processes.
Research indicates that N-Serve can cut this loss from 50 to
only 30 percent and sometimes much less, Tennant says. This
explains the success of fall fertilization with nitrogen plus N-
Serve in the com belt. There, historically, nitrogen ap
plication has been held off until the soil temperature drops to
50 degrees F to minimize nitrogen leaching. By then, too
often there has not been enough time left to do the job. •
However, with the addition of N-Serve, nitrogen can be
applied sooner, and with N-Serve be can apply nitrogen at the
spring rate.
According to research at Purdue University, N-Serve or
nitrapyrin in chemistry language is expected to give best
results when applied to light soils which are subject to
leaching losses, or to heavy, wet soils where denitrification is
likely. This is especially true in years that are excessively
wet and-or cold and where nitrogen is early-faU appUed.
On the other hand, Purdue scientists point out that there
will be little or no yield benefit in those soils or years with
Uttle N loss caused by leaching or denitrification. No
significant response would be expected where excessive
rates of nitrogen were applied to compensate for leaching or
denitrification losses. No response would be expected if the
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nitrogen fertilizer used did not contain significant amounts of
the ammonium form.
Dow notes that N-Serve would benefit dealers and custom
applicators from fall application because it enables them to
level their peak work loads. And manufacturers of nitrogen
benefit because fall fertilization comes at a time when they
would otherwise have to shut down production due to lack of
storage capacity.
Protein and Lysine content of grains is also increased by
the use of N-Scrve, says Tennant. Current research shows
that contrary to earlier belief —“seedling crop plants
better utilize nitrogen in the ammoniacai form than as
nitrates. Perhaps even more significant, holding N in the
ammoniacai form for the longer period mitigates certain
crop diseases, particularly Pythium and Diplodia stalk root
rot of com, footrot, or take-all and Leopard-Spot in wheat,
and Vertidlllum wilt and Texas root rot of cotton.
This disease reduction results in part simply from growing
a healthier plant free of nitrogen stress, Tennant explains.
But in the case of Pythium and Diplodia stalk rot of com,
there is a more direct relationship: both these diseases ac
tually feed on nitrate nitrogen. Overall, though, most com
growers have reported healthier, stronger stalks growing on
acreage treated with N-Serve.
While researchers dig deeper into these relationships, Dow
has ample evidence Indicating N-Serve will earn its way in
yield increases anytime the amount of N applied is less than
that which can be utilized by the crop being fed.
“In some cases,’’ Tennant says, “a farmer can use 20
percent less fertilizer without appreciable reduction in yield
if he adds N-Serve. But, unless we come into a period of
critical shortage of N, we’d rather see him add N-Serve to the
same amount of nitrogen he’s using now and increase his
plant population or reduce row spacing to make better use of
the ‘extra kick’ N-Serve gives him.’’
In any event, he adds, N-Serve is good medicine when
nitrogen is a limiting factor, either because application is at
a rate less than optimum, or because of nitrogen losses that
have heretofore been beyond the farmer’s control. Best
response usually can be expected in light soils subject to
leaching or in heavy water-logged soils.
However, throughout central and northern Illinois, for
example, corn growing conditions were just about optimum
in 1975 and the need for N-Serve might have been thought
minimal. Yet the additive still increased yields substantially.
Typically, Donald Hubbard, who farms 292 acres southwest
of Lincoln, Illinois, fall-fertilized in 1974 about 18 acres with
160 Ib.-acre of N plus N-Serve and another 16 acres with 160
Ib.-acre of N alone. The plot treated with N-Serve yielded
197.11 bu.-acre adjusted to 15% percent moisture and the plot
without N-Serve produced 190.45 bu.-acre. This yield dif
ference of 6.66 bushels netted Hubbard an extra $13.15-acre.
“If you like corn, don’t skimp on the nitrogen,” adds
Hubbard who has been farming for 42 years. “And with N-
Serve, the nitrogen will be there when you need it. I’m really
sold on it for fall application.”
At Land-O-Lakes’ Answer Farm near Fort Dodge, lowa,
researchers added N-Serve to 100 Ib.-acre of N and harvested
127.9 bu.-acre of dryland cofn nine bushels more than was
produced on similar land receiving the same amount of N
without N-Serve. At $2.70 a bushel, the “profit” after cost of
N-Serve would have been more than $2O-acre. Surprisingly
enough, a field treated with 140 Ib.-acre of N produced less
113.3 bu.-acre. When N-Serve was added at this rate, the yield
went up to 120.1 bu.-acre 6.8 bu.-acre more than without N-
Serve.
Says Tom Nauman, fertilizer specialist for Land-O-Lakes,
a large cooperative serving some 50,000 growers in six corn
belt states. “We feel real confident we can duplicate these
gains next year—particularly if we have a wet spring again.
This speeds nitrification and accelerates fertilizer losses. If
you knew you were going to have ideal conditions, then
maybe you wouldn’t want to use N-Serve. But the way we
look at it, it’s good low-cost insurance.”
Dr. Cleve A. I. Goring, head of Dow Chemical U.S.A.’s
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