Slaughter Heifers at Lighter Weights to Equal Steer Quality Heifers ahould be slaughtered at less than 930 pounds if their carcasses are to be similar in fat content to steers slaughtered at 1,030 pounds. This was the con clusion of Drs. L. L. Wilson and J. H. Ziegler, Animal Science Department, Penn State University, from a large number of cattle of both sexes slaughtered over the last eight years. A mqre complete description of HAY WANTED Kaolin Mushroom farms Inc. CALL 1-215-268-2262 BEACON MlMglUlia Contains every mineral known to be essential to dairy cattle except those found in even poor quality roughage Improved calcium-phosphorus ratio to aid skeletal development and maintenance and to promote high milk production Beacon Mineral ADE carries 150,000 units of vitamin A per pound to maintain healthy skin and tissue, to improve resistance, to disease, and to step up breeding efficiency The level of vitamin D_. is 300,000 units per pound, to improve calcium and phosphorus utilization and help prevent stiffness and lame ness in high producers One hundred units of vitamin E (often lacking in other supplements) are present in every pound to produce optimum breeding effici ency, and milk production. Ask for it today! Also Available - Mineral Supplement H. JACOB HOOBER EARL SAUDER, INC* Intercourse, Pa. NEW HOLLAND, PA. THARPE & GREEN MILL H. M. STAUFFER & SONS, INC. CHURCHVILLE, MD. WITHER, PA. R. E. RUDISILL RICHARD B. KENDIG CHESTER WEIST Phone 854-2281 Ph. 302-478-3058 Ph. 741-2600 Beacon Feeds, York, Pa. Phone 717-843-9033 these results will be made available at Livestock Day, March 4 at Penn State. Cattle involved in this project were from a crossbreeding research project conducted by the Department of Animal Science, in cooperation with the State Correctional In stitution at Rockview, Bellefonte. All progeny were from Angus-Holstein cows bred to Polled Hereford or specially balanced EIFERS and CALVES McCRACKEN'S FEED MILL, INC. manheimTa. Beacon Reps. BEACON^EEDS Angus bulls. The resulting calves were creep-fed at about eight months of age, and weaned from their dams at 9.S months of age. After that time, both the heifers and the steers were fed a high-concentrate ration until each individual animal reached the assigned slaughter weight. Assigned slaughter weights for heifers were 930 pounds and for steers 1,030 pounds. Heifers and steers both reached their assigned slaughter weights at about the same age, 431 days. Carcass weight per day of age was 1.26 pounds per day for heifers and 1.38 pounds per day for steers. However, average fat thickness over the back at the 12th rib averaged 0.52 inches for heifers and 0.44 inches for steers. Percent cutability, which estimates the percent of the carcass contained in closely trim med, boneless retail cuts from the chuck, rib, loin and round averaged 50 percent for steers and 48.9 percent for heifers. Heifer carcasses con tained slightly more mar bling than did steer car casses, but tenderness, as mineral - vitamin supplement for: DAIRY CATTLE VAN-MAR FEEDS LEESPORT, PA. Herbicides Improve Tree Reproduction Growth of sprouts from stumps following timber clearcutting can be regulated and improved with herbicides, studies at The Pennsylvania State University show. Five years after cutting in mixed oak-hickory forests, both the amount and kind of sprouts can be controlled with fenuron, a non-liquid herbicide, and liquid 2,4,5-T herbicide, as described by Dr. Robert Shipman, forest ecologist from The Penn sylvania State University, during annual meetings of the Northeastern Weed Science Society January 7 in New York City. In summarizing 5-year findings, Dr. Shipman said no harmful effects were observed on non-target organisms such as insects, wildlife and man. As applied according to recommended rates and method of ap plication, the two herbicides - fenuron and 2,4, 5-T - satisfactorily improved tree reproduction and deer browse potential following recorded by Warner- Bratzler shear which measures the amount of force required to shear cooked lean cores was less desirable for samples from heifer carcasses. There were essentially no im portant differences in taste panel evaluation to ten derness, juiciness, or flavor. The greater fat thickness of the heifer carcasses in dicates that the 100 pound difference in slaughter weight between heifers and steers is not sufficient to L result in carcasses of equal ( fat thickness or cutabiUty. Approximately 140 pounds difference in live slaughter weight would be required to result in similar carcasses. Dr. Wilson also stated “although data were not available on feed efficiency, cattle which are fatter at slaughter usually require more feed to produce a pound of weight gain, either in the live animal or in the carcass. Therefore, the heifers in this study were probably less efficient in terms of the amount of feed required to produce a pound of beef.” the pnrz ■ BARN CLEANER Lancaster Farming. Saturday, Jan. 25,1975 clearcutting! Depending upon the inherent sprouting ability of the species and site quality, sprouts serve as a major source of browse for deer and as natural reproduction for a new stand of timber following cutting. The results showed that complete cutting of all timber in creased the amount of stump sprout production several hundred per cent for all species, white oak for example, produced as many as 65 sprouts per stump one year after cutting. Dr. Shipman indicated that available browse for deer fell off rapidly after five years. By that time prac tically all species exceeds 7 feet in height and were beyond the reach of deer. To improve the new stand of timber 3 to 5 inches in diameter, all sprouts - with the exception of the single stem of highest quality - were treated with pelleted fenuron and a basal spray of 2,4, 5-T. The herbicides thereby regulate the num ber, size and spacing of the young stand, according to Dr. Shipman. Five years after clear cutting, the data indicated significant differences between fenuron and 2,4,5-T for individual tree species. Both herbicides were significantly better in controlling the desired MILKING 'PROBLEMS THESE PROBLEM CALL YOUR BOU-MATIC DEALER NOW. WE ARE HERE TO HELP YOU. BOU-MATIC TECHNOLOGY • PROFESSIONAL INSTALLATION • AUTOMATIC DETACHERS AND SERVICE • VACUUM PUMPS • PIPELINE SYSTEMS • BULK TANKS • AUTOMATED HERRINGBONES • PIPELINE WASHERS • AUTOMATED CAROUSELS • PRE-COOLERS • AUTOMATED POLYGONS • REPLACEMENT PARTS, BOU • CROWDING GATES MATIC INSTALLATIONS • STIMULATION STALLS • AUTOMATED SIDE OPENING • MILKERS STALLS Professional milking systems for the milking professional COMPLETE PLANNING - INSTALLATION - SERVICE SHENK’S FARM R.D.4, LITITZ, PA. PHONE 626-4355 - - * •* »** * * * number and size of stump sprouts than the untreated (control) plots. The effects of decomposed logging slash and litter on the amounts of nutrients available for sprout development were also in vestigated. Since most of the woody plants are stump sprouts, they use the large root system of the stump to absorb available water and nutrients. •Soil organic matter, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus increased during the five-year period following clearcutting, Dr. Shipman pointed out. The findings indicated that nutrients are recycled rapidly in cutover mixed oak-hickory stands. Concern over deterioration of the forest ecosystem from a nutrient loss standpoint was minimal under these soil and site conditions, he added. Wibw/- The Irish once believed that children and animals could be bewitched by a spirit that would rhyme them to death. • BUCKET SYSTEM SERVICE 43
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