Recycling
(Continued From Page 12)
yield more in revenue than they
cast to operate. Some systems
might show a profit if "cost
savings accruing from the long
range benefits involved were to
be calculated.
- Disposal costs can be reduced
by cutting back the quantity of
waste for which a municipality
must provide ultimate disposal.
Savings also can be produced by
reducing the quantity of virgin
resources mined, pumped, or cut
and thus extend raw material
supplies. Recycling technology
simply does not now yield
products which are competitive
on a cost basis with those made
from virgin resources. And
recycling systems aren’t likely to
be given very serious con
sideration if recovered materials
cannot be sold at a fair price -
which isn’t going to happen
unless a considerably larger
market develops than now exists.
While it is essential to make
I I USED EQUIPMENT
I—I.H.1 —I.H. 706 D Tractor 310 Engine
1—1537 Case Skid Loader 4 Wheel Drive
I—W.C. Allis Tractor with Cultivator
I—Massey Harris Pony with plow & Cultivator
I—New' Holland Model 67 Baler
I—9A Disc Harrow
I—Smoker 24 ft. Elevator
I—l. H. 550 - 5 Furrow Trip Plow
I—I.H.1 —I.H. 440 - 4 Furrow Trip Plow
I—4 Furrow Allis Automatic Reset Plow
1— Model 311 Plow
2 469 Haybines (waiver of finance)
. 1—461 Haybine (waiver of finance)
New Idea Unisystem with Corn Picker, Combine and Forage Attachment
USED TRUCKS SPECIAL DEMONSTRATION MODELS
I—lnternational 1964 Scout Used at Vo A g Da y s at Hershey. Pa.
I—Dodge 5 Ton Truck 1952
MESSICK FARM EQUIPMENT
2750 North Market St.
Promise or Primrose Path?
waste commodities accessible by
improving technology, simply
creating a supply will not ensure
a demand. Limited demand, not
supply, is in fact the main barrier
to increasing recycling.
Obstacles relating to
limited demand
On a nation-wide basis the
industrial demand for reclaimed
metals and other commodities
actually has been declining when
compared with the increased use
of virgin materials, as shown in
the following table.
Federal, state, and local laws,
regulations, programs, and
policies often operate to hold
down the market demand for
recycled products. Producers of
virgin materials are entitled to
depletion allowances, capital
gains and other tax advantages
not accorded to salvagers of the
same products.
They also enjoy much lower
freight rates. Until recently it
cost 250 percent more to ship a
Reduced Prices and Waiver of Finance
1—420 Baler with Thrower
1—990 Mower Conditioner
Phone 367-1319 or 367-1439
Secondary
Demand for
Metal Year Post Consumer Sera
1951 37,800
Iron 1970 33,000
Aluminum 1951
1970
1951
Copper 1970
1951
Lead 1970
1951
Tin (in 1970
thousand
tons)
ton of steel scrap than it did for a
ton of raw ore. Secondary
materials dealers argue that
federal regulation of interstate
transportation is indifferent to
their need to deliver scrap
materials to purchasers who will
recycle them. In reply, the In
terstate Commerce Commission
says that actions such as its
recent order allowing truckers
to make application for hauling
waste products for recycling at
less than the published rates
shows that it is responsive to the
public interest.
Operating more indirectly to
limit market demand are pur
chasing specifications based on
material, not performance.
Labeling standards intended for
consumer protection but
reflecting special-interest con
siderations (e.g., “reprocessed”
wool) also discriminate subtly
against recycled products.
Zoning regulations and land use
plans often provide no sites for
auto-salvage yards, in which case
a greater number of junked autos
become part of the municipality’s
disposal problem.
While the use of recovered
commodities by manufacturers
sometimes is suspected to be
uneconomical, industry has
responded with research and by
participating in many ways in
recycling programs. Some in
dustries have increased their
reuse of scrap commodities while
many others haven’t done' so
because not enough material of
high quality is available at costs
competitive with virgin raw
materials. Some critics label
industry participation in
recycling as merely a public
relations effort, but we should
NEW & USED CADETS
Elizabethtown, Pa,
Industrial Demand* for Selected Metals
(in thousand short tons, except tin)
77
177
458
504
442
506
remember that under our
economic system industry is
encouraged to maximize its
profits.
Crucial decisions lie ahead
Recycling may have to be
subsidized for whatever period is
needed to wean industry away
from a nearly exclusive reliance
on virgin resources. If the choice
of material is to be made on the
basis of what is environmentally
best, then the full cost including
environmental social costs will
have to be paid. And of course
most of the added expense
eventually will probably be
passed on to the consumer.
All that has been said should be
enough to indicate that an
economic incentive system which
produced the desired result
would require complicated ad
justments in the processes of
production, distribution, and
consumption. It also is apparent
that creating incentives involves
political, legislative, and ad
ministrative tasks probably
requiring a relatively long time
to accomplish.
No attempt will be made here
to assess the importance of
particular legislative proposals
since this would be mostly a
speculative endeavor. But it can
be said that the re-onentation of
material-use patterns will not be
This product
and other
‘P'loduc&i PnoyteM’
available in the ]/
Northeast from.
HP
I NEWFIELD. IM—I. 08344
I \ Phone SO9 592 4400
I BAOADWAV VA SELBYVIIIE O€L LITITZ PA
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THE
Lancaster Farming. Saturday, October 20,1973
Percentace ol
Industrial Secondary Demand
Demand To total Demand
104,600
116,900
999
4,128
2,183
2,820
1,078
1,335
36. 17,
28.2 %
1.1%
4.0%
21.07.
17 . 8%
41.0%
38.07,
34.87.
27
painless economically. Success
will depend to a very large extent
on public support. Citizen par
ticipation will be vital in any
decision-making about
municipally-sponsored recycling
efforts.
And whatever the ultimate
choice of a municipality might
be, it certainly would be a
mistake to put off using any ef
fective means of resource con
servation now available while
anticipating that some day
commodities will be transformed
into high quality materials that
everydoby wants.
Taking Stock
More than 32,500,000 persons
own stock in United States cor
porations
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