puritan gtia6. INTERFERENCE IN FOREIGN MIS SIONS. DR. WOOD'S REPORT. I t is deemed expedient to lay before the B ea rd, at this time, a brief historic recital, an d a re-statement of the views of the Pru dential Committee touching interference of different Missionary Societies and Boards with each other, in conducting their opera deo. Thirty-three years ago, the Committee reported that instructions had been forwarded to be Sandwich Islands to arrest the estab ii„dnent, previously sanctioned, of a mission at the Washington Islands, as it had been ascertained that the London Missionary So ciety regarded that group as within their , ro per field, and wished to occupy it. This 'd'einouncement was accompanied with the declaration, that "it is contrary to their [ t harudential Committee's] general princi ties to interfere ard with other approval to that action and affirmation. Four years later, in 1837, in reporting on the mission then just commenced at Sings the Committee expressed the judgment pore, Singapore, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, that an d similar commercial ports, being " the natdral entrances to great fields of missionary l a b o r," must " necessarily be, to some ex tent, common ground" to different societies ; that is, as was explained, so far as to allow t h e se societies having printing establish ments, and what might. be necessary to make them ffective, together with liberty, at the s ame time, to perform all kinds of missionary labor " within reasonable territorial bounds." The Board concurred in this sentiment, and adopted the following resolution : ".Resolved, That the Board contemplate with fraternal interest the efforts of evangeli cal missionary societies existing both in this country and in Europe, to extend the knowl edge of the Gospel of Christ among the heathen, and will endeavor to promote the beet understanding at home and abroad be tween their agents and missionaries and our own. 11 At the next annual meeting (in 1838) a paper from the Prudential Committee was read to the Board by the Foreign Secretary, on the subject of interference in missions. It rave an extract from a letter received from the London Missionary Society, which cor dially endorsed the principle stated in the Report of 1837, and suggested that socie ties should furnish seasonable informa tion to each other concerning their plans, which might affect the interests of ethers. The omission to correspond with that Society concerning the contemplated mission at Singapore, the Committee stated was an in advertence, and they added : " That Society preceded us at Singapore, and our going there at all is justified only in view of its 'oeing one of the great marts of commerce, which, for the present, must be common ground." The avoidance ofinterference with others in adopting new plans was set forth as of vital importance. To accomplish this it was tiggested, 1. That each Society claim only such territory as it might have a reason able prospect of occupying without long delay, and well cultivating. 2. That " certain of the great centres of human society and marts of commerce" be regarded as open to all, with such a "sectional division," and other arrangements, as will be for the harmony and mutual advantage of the missions sent to them. 3. That elsewhere the different so cieties should scrupulously respect the terri toriql limits of each other's operations in heathen lands. 4. When any large section of the missionary field is occupied by one society, another society contemplating opera- Clans within its bounds should, in the first 'instance, communicate with the society al ready in the field. The Board adopted a series of resolutions affirming the views thus expressed, and directed the Prudential Com mittee to correspond with other societies, as they might think proper, for the purpose of Reuriug a satisfactory understanding among them. This was twenty-eight years ago. Then, and previously, it was a cardinal' principle with this Board to avoid injuring the inter- Ni of any class of evangelical Christians who seek, under whatever forms of worship and church order, to spread the saving knowledge o: Christ among the heathen, or complete a work of evangelization which they had well begu n . That principle the Board has ad hered to since. The Committee, are not aware that a complaint of intrusion has been or can be urged against any of its missions. In India, (excepting, lately, Madras,) and Ceylon ; in Africa and Persia, and Turkey, and Syria, and Greece; in Omanica,' and among Indian tribes on this continent, its missions are in distinct and well-defined fields, Which they entered when unoccupied, and which they cultivate, in general, as fully as is done by any other missionary agencies under similar conditions. Preceded in China only by the London Society, the American Board has rejoiced to work in harmony with others who have followed it in the ports opened to Christian labor, and now desires to see separate fields taken possession of by different missionary bodies, as Divine provi dence may permit, for the Christianization of th e vast interior of that empire. The Committee are happy to testify that the principle of non-interference is generally acknowledged, and seldom infringed, by evangelical missionary agencies in the foreign work. The Earl of Shaftesbury has spoken of it as " the received principle of missionary operations." In accordance with it, ;the American Board and English societies opera lung in the Pacific coast have agreed on boundaries there; the Church and London Societies have done the, same for Madagas car: various societies the same in Africa and Inuia. In conformity with it, the London Society, in 183'5, declined to receive Mr. Ilhenius, and other excellent missionaries of the Church Society, who left the service of the latter in Tinnevelly, and sought to come under the patronage of the former, which i a 1 a mission in t,he adjoining province of T ravancore. Thus the American Board and the American Methodist Episcopal Society dlvide etween them the Bulgarian field in I Tl ThkeY b , and the Church Missionary Society. ea • tetused to listen to urgent solicitations to enter among the Armenians, either in the provinces or the capital. When, less than tutee years ago, strong appealswere made by, nniinhers of the Church of England, for aid to he extended to a company of converts in C onstantino le who, with an able pastor at their head, had withdrawn from the Ameri '.,/:11111361.0TI, and pleaded conscientious con ', ll :ti'ins in favor of an Episcopal " Reformed Armenian" movement, the Committee of that great and noble society, after mature delibe ration, unanimously declared "that the , - ,"ur,eh Missionary Society could not give" e 9esired " countenance or support, as it ~)e a es be an unjustifiable interference'with .great and good wit:Pi k for so T carried on by the American Board of Missions ha Turkey, with the manifest blessing of the .' 4 ,,0f missions." The return, soon after aru o f rela tions disaffected party ,to cordial rela n"la s i u tY 6 the mission of this Board, and equent developm en tian courtesy attest the as well as Chrissy and l i tti.ce of that decision. /he sentiment adverse to interference, and favorable to the division of fields and ar rangements of agenciekneceosary to pT.event, it, has, on the whole, gained strength in lat 6 years. Exceptions to this statement are pre-. sented by two classes which bear the Chris tian name. The first consists of the mission ary propagandists of the Church of Rome. These, claiming that that Church is the only repository of truth and salvation for the world, are justified by their principles In fol lowing us, as they do, with persistent zeal, wherever we go among the heathen, and seizing, so far as they can, the fruits of Pro testant labor and expenditure. Their posi tion is frankly, avowed. They assert a right to oppose and despoil our work, and we meet them as we do Pagan, Mohammedan, and other open enemies to it. Recent events indicate that a similar policy is likely to be pursued "by the highly ritualis tic portions of the Protestant Episcopal Church. These appear to be'far more in sympathy with the Church of Rome than with non-prelatic, evangelical Christians, and increasingly animated by its spirit. In a late instance, which is yet happily without a par allel in the history of Protestant missions, an aggression from that source has been made on a field of small dimensions, occupied by this Board for more than forty years, and at least as thoroughly and successfully cultivated as any field of like character and equal extent has bees by any missionary agency in the world. The distinguished missionary, Dr. Duff, of the Free Church of Scotland, in a speech in 1853, deprecated the entrance of any two denominations into the same field ; and, pleading that none, for example, should intrude upon the Baptists in the Orissa pro vince in India, or on the London Society in Travancore, or the Church of England Socie ties in Tinnevelly, because of " the complete pre-occupation" thus effected of those terri tories, he said : " I would as soon leap into the Ganges as venture to go near Tinnevelly, except as a brother to see the good work that is going OR." Not such are the views of the supporters of the new mission which has been planted in a field in which the missionary force, compared with .the numbers of the people, was eighteen times greater, and the. converts brought to the Lord's table were. more than thirty fold a larger proportion of the population than in the province which Dr.. Duff considered a possession sacred to those who had undertaken its Christian cul ture. If objections are valid to efforts on the same ground when there is a desire of simply fraternal co-operation, what shall be thought of an invasion of direct proselytism, and when instead of an endeavor to build up and help to extend Christian organizations previous ly founded, war is made upon them, and it is proclaimed that what has been done by the first evangelizers in the field is to be regarded merely as preparing the way for the invaders to come in, with a not concealed intent to gain, if possible, the whole land to them selves.* To say nothing of the magnanimity of such policy, we are constrained to ask : Is it Christian ? " Successors of the Apostles," in the work of establishing the church of Christ among the heathen, have for their guidance the ex ample of the Apostles. Did not the great Missionary to the Gentiles give us the true missionary principle in his choice of fields and methods of labor? His testimony con cerning himself was :—" Yea, so have I strived to preach the Gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man's foundation. But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of they shall see ; and they that have not heard shall under stand." Unhappily, it is not yet diffi cult to find accessible portions of_ the world in which the name of Christ is not heard, or where the truths which are essential to salvation are not understood. The Bishop of London recently observed, in a public speech:—" It has been urged that there is a general law of comity in these matters which should prevent any missionary body from trespassing upon the fields of labor of others—a law which. I- fully recog nize, because I feel that heathenism is wide enough, and there is room for all, without interfering with one another, to labor in some different portion of the field." Interference, then, is unnecessary. All the followers of Christ can take part in spreading the Gospel without interfering with one another. Economy:, and the best results, require the choice of separate fields ; for the light is most diffused when kindled at many centres. Friction in this way is avoided. The collisions of rivalry on the same ground produce deplorable effects. The temptation to turn aside from a field of hard, and as yet unrewarded labor, and so to reap fruits of others' toil, or at least work on soil which others have found more productive, is often very strong; but this cannot be jtistified. Such encroachment is felt as a wrong by the previous workers ; and it is well if they do not show human infirmity in resenting it. The trespassers on others' enclosures are un der a dangerous inducement, in defending their aggression, to depreciate and misrepre sent the character and labors of those whom they thus injure. How else shall we account for the efforts to bring reproach upon the mission of this Board at the Hawaiian Islands, by the retailing of old, exploded calumnies by gentlemen whose love of truth we would not impeach, and even by high dignitaries of a Christian Church? Surely, nothing but the exigencies of a false position, opening the ear to testimony unworthy f credit, could lead to the utterance, by such lips, of state ments utterly at variance with facts that are incontestable, and some of which are known to the world. By this means the enemies of Christian missions are made to rejoice, and their friends in all Christendom caused to mourn. But more to be deprecated still are the legitimate effects of such an aggression on native converts, andthe people at large. Its influence may be, and in the particular in ; stance above referred to it seems likely to be by God's grace, overruled for good ; but still much evil must arise. Churches composed of babes•in Christ, with the little knowledge and moral strength which converts from heathenism must be expected to possess, are easily desolated and rent by contentions: It was so in the churches foundetlby the Apos tles. Two opposing ecclesiastical systems cannot, without great harm, be 'presented in rivalry before such. communities. Bishop Selwyn, the faithful occupant of the English Episcopal See in New Zealand, declared him self against such a presentation even when there may be the utmost charity among the missionaries, and said :—" We make a rule never to introduce controversy among a native people, or to impair the simplicity of their faith. If the fairest-openings for mis sionary effort lie before us, yet if the ground has been pre-occupied by any other religious body, we forbearto enter." This declaration of Bishop Selwyn honor able to himself and the Church which he re presented, implies an acknowledgment that openings to missionary enterprise may invite an entrance where the ground is really pre occupied. No field is so fully cultivated but that other laborers may find work to do therein. Invitations to enter may be „ex tended by parties in it. There is often little difficulty in procuring such invitations, if an ear is ready to be given to them. There are always secular interests to be promoted, and *"=We owe them (the first missionaries) many flanks fpr peopleed the way for us by familiarising the pwith these mighty truths."—Past. • Address by Bishop Stadey, p. 11. THE AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1866. selfish ends •to be- gained. Disaffection -to ward their missionary, gu i des may some times occur, on : peilo - nai giorindSr - or Eher maybe restiveness under a pressure neces sary to the healthful development of the nascent Christian communities in self-sup port and self-government. Sympathy with something new in doctrine or forms may show itself among the people, or on the part of their civil rulers. But none of these things can justify the introduction of religious strife into such fields as are here spoken of. To do no more than turn away the minds of weak and unstable converts to que.stiens of differences in ecclesiastical polity, modes of worship, and doctrinal peculiarities, when their interest ought to be concentrated on the simple saving truths of the Gospel, and the. building up of institutions yet in their infancy, is to do great harm. This is aggravat ed when native agents are draWn away, and churches are tempted by offers of increased pecuniary help, and discipline is, rendered more difficult by receiving to communion, and perhaps also employment,.persons who fall under church censure, administered ac cording to the principles of the religious body in previous possession of the ground. If such competitions should ever be allowed to arise, ought they not to be adjourned at least until the accessible - wastes of heathen ism are more largely enclosed, and sufficient time has been granted for growth of ability to meet the shock ? Each of the several ecclesiastical systems is, in the eyes of its advocates, more scriptuial and excellent than any other ; ana its univer sal prevalence is to them a proper object of desire. A particular mission may not, be conducted in the best manner '• or, however conducted, it may yield unsatisfactory results. But does any such consideration annul the evident dictate of Christian wisdom and duty, that the disciples of Christ, who are brought under equal responsibility and endowed with equal rights, by the command addressed equally to all, to " go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature," should so shape their action as not to embarrass and hinder one another in obeying it? The argument from alleged defects and want of success is one liable always to be controverted. It is by no means available only to those who have lately chosen to make it their defence for a course of action which is visited with 'the condemnation of the great body of evan gelical Christians, throughout the world. If we were to imitate an unworthy example, the discredit to which belongs only to the in dividuals who have furnished or, sanctioned it, it would be easy to make out a similar justification for our going, with what we could • plausiby claim to be our better ecclesi astical polity and methods -of missionary working, into a field long possessed by the Church of England ; for in no field cultivated by a mission of the American Board have such lamentable developments been wit nessed, on which a charge of grievous mis sionary failure might, with much appearance of truth, be founded, as have recently oc curred in New Zealand, in one of the most successful of the missions of that Church. But God forbid that we should thus aggra vate an affliction which calls forth our deepest sympathy, and in which we see no just ground for impeaching the fidelity or worth of the agency employed. In conclusion, the following affirmations are submitted to the consideration of the Board:—_ 1. The Apostolic rule of proclaiming the Gospel where its sound has not been heard, not building on other men's foundations and boasting in a line of things made ready to our hands, is one to be acknowleged as in ac cordance with the spirit of the Gospel, honor able to the Christian name, and of the highest expediency in conducting foreign missions. 2. For different denominations of evangeli cal Christians to operate upon the same heathen or unevangelical people, or among the same people just emerging into the light of a saving Christianity, is earnestly to be deprecated, as unnecessary to a full scope for, missionary exertion, an uneconomical dis tribution of missionary agencies, embarrass ing in the carrying out of wise and necessary measures of missionary policy, endangering rivalry and conflict of interests between the missions by effects produced on native helpers, schools, congregations and churches belonging to each, and sometimes leading to distracting and otherwise injurious contro versies between the missions and their friends and supporters respectively. 3. With the partial exception of certain great centres of population, and commercial ports which, being natural entrances to dif ferent inland fields, should to a certain extent be considered common ground, wherever missions labor among a people speaking the same language, they ought to confine them selves within well-defined geographical divid ing lines ; and native converts- eirucated by one mission, employed by it, perhaps or dained to the ministry by it, should not be taken into employment by another mission without the cheerful consent of the:one from which they come ; since the contrary couree, especially if higher wages are also given, works strongly against • the- desirable end of raising up vigorous, self-govering,. self-sup porting, native Christian communities. 4. All evangelical missions and their sup porters ought so to rise above partisan feeling, whether it be " sectarian" or "churchly," as to cherish a spirit of unity and brotherly love toward one another, each rejoicing in the success of every other, and instead of dis paraging and hindering others ' each doing what is consistent with truth n to sustain the entire body of evangelicil missions in the good opinion of the Christian Church and of the world. • antts' furnistring aDato MODEL SHOULDER SEAM SHIRT MANIJFATORY, 1035 Chestilut Street. Mclntire & Brother, GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING, NECK TIES, HANDKERCHIEFS, CRAVATS, FORT MONNAIES GLOVES, SUSPENDERS, BOWERY; HIE AB SIMMER RI GAUZE MERINO VESTS - AND PAWS. LISLE THREAD VESTS AI D PAI•ITS. GAUZE COTTON VESTS AND PANTS. LINEN DRAWERS. • JEAN DRAWERS MUSLIN DRAWERS. . . 1 1t:14 - 411 3 taittito.' BM, ST ATTO EERY'S COMMERCIAL COLLEGE TE EGRAPHIC INSTITUTE ASSEMBLY BUILDING, S. w. COB. TENTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. 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Ocean Policies written, and permits issued for travel in any part of the world. , Accident Insurance to persons disabled by accident is like the Sanitary Commission to wounded soldiers in the field, providing the means for comfort and healing and supplying their wants while prevented from pursuing their usual employment. The rates of premium are less than in any other class of insurance, in proportion to the risk. No better or more satisfactory investment can be made of so small a sum. Therefore—insure in the Trove/era. ti) OVIDIV I 1)01:v O,VI ;WW:10 * PANY IN AMERICA. J. G. BATTERSON. President. RODNEY DENNIS. Secretary. HENRY A. DYER, General Agent. WM. W. ALLEN & CO., General -Agents for Pennsylvania, 409 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA GIRARD FIRE AND ILLIVNE 111810RAETCE COXPAN77.-„. OFFICE ON WALNUT STREET. PHlLADErigrat... CAPITAL PAID IN, IN CASH, $200.000. only. - Its capital, with a good surplus, is safely vested. 701 Losses by fire having been promptly paid. and more than $500,000 Disbursed on this account within the past few years. For the present, the office of this oemPany willre main at . . 415 WALNUT STREET, But within a few months will remove to its Own Building N.'B. CORNER SEVENTH AND CHEST NUT. Then, as now, we shall be happy to insure our Patrons at such rates as are consistent with safety. DIRECTOR& THOMAS CRAVEN, ALFRED S. GILLETT, FURMAN SHEPPARD, N. S. LAWRENCE THOS. MACKELLAR, CHARLES I. DUPONT. JOHN SUPPLEE, HENRY F. KENNEY, JOHN W. OLAGHORN, JOSEPH KLAPP, M.D.. SILAS YERICES, Jr. THOMAS CRAVEN. President. ALFRED S. GILLETT, V. President and Treasurer. JAMES B. ALVORD, S ecretary. 103-13, INSURE YOUR LlivE IN YOUR OWN HOME COMPANY, AMERICAN OF PHILADELPHIA, S• E. cor. Fourth and Walnut Streets. Insurers in this Company have the additional g=. , - antes of the CAPITA', STOCK all Ipraid up IN CASH. which, together with OAHU ASSETS. now on hand amounts to $1,143,874 15. Invested wi follows $lOO,OOO 11. 5.20 bonds, 1 100,000 City of Philadelphia Loan 6's. new. 70,050 U. S. Treasury Notes. 7-30. 25,000 Allegheny County bonds. 15,000 U. S. Loan of 1881, 10.000 Wyoming Valley Canal bonds, 12.700 Compound Interest Treasury ' Notes. 10,000 Philadelphia and Erie Railroad bonds, 10,000 Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chi -6,500 City l3 cag - i i T il lt:tsburg and other o : ds. 1,000 Shares. Pennsylvania Railroad 450 shares Corn Exchange National Bank 107 shares Farmers' National Bank 22 shares Re a di n g. Consolidation National Bank. 142 shares Williamsport Water Co in- Mortgagis, an ai-ound Rents, and Real El- tate ' Loans on collateral amply secured Preininm notes secured by Policies Cash in bands of agents secured by bon. Cash , on deposit With U.B. Treasurer,..... Cash on band and in banks Aocruedliaterest and rents due, Jan. I. INCOME FOR TI:U1 YEAR 1865, $544,592 92. Losses Paid during the Year amounting to $57,636 31. LOSSES PAID PROMPTLY. DIVIDENDS MADE ANNUALLY, thus aiding the the insured to pay preminms. The last DIVIDEND on all Mutual Policies in force January 1. 1666. was • FIFTY .P.13:111. of the amount of PREMIUMS received during the year, 1865. Its TRUSTEES are well known citizens in our midst, entitling it to more consideration than those whose managers reside in distant cities. Alexander Whilldin,l William J. Howard. J. Edgar Thomson, Samuel T. Bodine. G eorge Nugent. John Alkman, Hon. James Pollock, Henry K. Bennett, L. M. Whilldin, Hon. Joseph Allison. P. B. Min :I'e, Albert C. Robe aac Haslehurst, . • - . ALEX. WHlLLDlE,Tresideitt. . GEORGE NUGENT, Vice-President. JOHN C. SIMS, Actuary. JOHN S. WILSON, Secretary and Treasurer. C. G. ROBESON. Assistant Secretary. A few first-rate canvassers wanted. g:-,161,061 45 4 147,309 89 169,481 95 217,504. 58 52,469 18 20,000 00 6-5,824 14 10,223 00
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