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TAF.,...16,,,, & 1., etitis to In respect,- the s tud y a"l4/1"1"V4"" Man GUttlateaer 1-14', " '-_. h, thought this reflected ~..,...- s animproiltvoup that said v. ~,inn mtudtaksauts reproductive health decreased access to *PI-4.1.*-- researchea issues. ...„ I think i t % good to „,. p ose d by parental , ... ~. „fly.. barriers couples are usin g v°lll44'"er4 involvement statutes*4 In some iI u ._ 4 .„,, more effect et y. . _ moons women ill Elam AvXo , „,„„.. ~„„ii,„.hAw cwe. r e states. • ' I HIS recen t 44"u'I'*." Coup l e s h t - ott rates changed 1 4 , ...... , m a ki ng progress, ..atittiv ffeaskallat inuil - , ...... 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But liensbao p uin---- 01l w as tower among women age 40 " th e unintended pregnancy rate horttuos *eke int ' It accounting for 49 44 because e , ; . 4 • 4 . 44 , 4 , remains Idll 0 • counted In thiS estimate* the ",""t7 n_t of 5 4 4 ntllll a n _P re vn l Ml A ! VAL .,: im id. , - , hhtigmbeerulitittlesidoStatetslesoyluE477or.eop- e''a‘un. ----Lotw-,liinrci j o 2 n t e ime w it a t al he en rate v o e t . h sod, aear!y 1... m '-' ~.., t a sk . „.A nntv i es „ e .., unintenoed pregnan‘,.c as • *--47-).-- rote of unintendeu _ 1,,,,.. are t ea likely , * **4 _ ...1 ; of ineUMV W ren ""," r pregnancies ana,....ag, ei l el!*‘74aaitrs ', al g EW.t : 4' u ssW,4rlv.tr•ye , f - wts . * „, ; - zks. , \ , a--tk , -z. ,,, ~---% L , • ~.-„,,-.7.„.,„„„ , . .% A civil rights martyr no longer rests in peace By JR. Moe/ving,e f•k - (c) 1998, Los Angeles Times BIRMINGHAM, Ala. - Every few minutes, it's like another bomb go ing off. Above her headstone, one after another, jets from the nearby airport re-create the last sound she heard, their booming engines recalling the tragedy that befell her 34 years ago, a tragedy that still reverberates. Addie Mae Collins was 14 years old when she became one of the civil rights movement's most lamented victims. On Sept. 15,1963, she and three other girls were killed by Ku Klux Klan members who planted dynamite beneath the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, where the girls were getting dressed for Sun day morning services. Monday. as the nation commemo rates the birthday of assassinated civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Addle Mae Collins has be come more than a martyr. She is also a mystery. King spoke at the girls' funeral three days later, telling 8,000 mourn ers and 800 pastors, black and white. that Addie and the other girls were "modern heroines of a holy cru sade." But a baffling discovery was made last week when Addie's sister, Sa rah, ordered her grave opened. Sa rah wanted Addie removed from the lumpy field of decrepit trees and crumbling headstones, which was abandoned 20 years ago. She wanted Addie reburied in a better cemetery, one where weeds don't grow shin high in summertime, where planes don't drown out your conversations with an older sister who never had a chance. But when workers opened Addie's grave, they were horrified to find nothing. They dug two feet deeper, then two feet wider - still nothing. No body was there to accompany the gray marker that read: "Addie Mae Collins ... She Died So Freedom Might Live." "I was really shocked," said Sa rah. "It was really hurtful, too. I've been going there, talking to her for years. Then to find out that she re ally wasn't there. I knew her spirit was with the Lord, but I never thought her remains weren't there." "At times, life is hard." King skid at Addie's funeral, "as hard as cru cible steel." But what would he have made of this latest hardship? Of losing a be loved sister twice? And on this of all weekends. "This is one of those weekends when people are reflecting on the civil rights movement," said a shaken Rep. Earl F. Hilliard, D-Ala., the first black congressman from Alabama since Reconstruction. "This is a tragedy. It's a loss to his "This is one of those weekends when people are reflecting on the civil rights movement. This is a tragedy. It's a loss to history." Rep. Earl F. Hilliard, D-Ala., the first black congressman from Alabama since Reconstruction The fear is that someone took Addle. Over time, the cemetery has been a playground for countless van dals, both casual and deliberate. Or else someone connected with the cemetery moved her, for who knows what reason. A spokesman for Poole Funeral Home, which reportedly handled the burial 34 years ago, re fused to comment, but no one seems sure if Poole even has the cemetery records, or if such records still ex ist. Even the name of the cemetery isn't certain. Newspapers call it Greenwood; history books say Woodlawn The most likely scenario seems to be that Addie's grave wasn't accu rately marked at the time of her death. According to one book about the bombing and its aftermath, "Un til Justice Rolls Down," Addie's par ents could not afford a proper head stone. Now that Addie's sister can, the parents and everyone else who might say where Addie lies has joined her underground. Hilliard, whose spokesman gave the inscribed marker as a gift to Addie's family, said a "monumen tal effort" was being made to retrace the steps of mourners who swarmed through the cemetery so many years ago, but he wasn't specific about that effort. "I just hope it's successful," he said. World and Nation Sylvia Plath's Husband Ends His Silence By John Burgess=(c) 1998, The Washington Post LONDON - For 35 years they've been awaiting an explanation, sometimes growing angry over the delay. Devotees of the poet Sylvia Ptah, who committed suicide in a London apartment in 1963, have wanted to hear from her husband, a fellow poet, who had separated from her shortly before she died. But Ted Hughes kept silent. He got on with his life. He became Britain's poet laureate. Along the way he offered hardly a word about his and Plath's failed seven-year marriage and what role he might have played in the final despair of a woman who became an icon of the feminist movement. Now the wait is over. Hughes is telling his story of their life together in verse, 198 pages of it, starting from the moment he scanned a news photo of young American Fulbright scholars, newly arrived in England in 1955, and wondered idly if he might meet any of them. Prepared in secrecy, the book "Birthday Letters" was excerpted in the Times newspaper here this weekend and instantly became the talk of the literary world, though sales won't begin until the end of the month. "It sounds very exciting," said poet James Fenton. "Good for him, I say, that he's managed to put together so many poems about this subject and allowed us to see them." Today Hughes is 67. Tall and craggy, he writes verse for state occasions, campaigns for river conservancy and gives readings in a voice that could only belong to one of his calling. But for all his accomplishments, his long-ago link with a bigger name is a large part of who he is in the literary world. Writing up to her death in 1963, Plath used jarring, sometimes-morbid It wai tipivotal moment in Ameri can history when the bomb went off at Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, turning part of the beloved local landmark into a pile of bricks. Three weeks earlier, King had marched on Washington and delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. Two months later, President Kennedy would be dead. With Birmingham public schools facing a federal court order to admit black students, the city and the nation were trembling with ra cial tension. Addie's sister, Sarah, lost an eye that morning. She'd been standing amass the church basement from her sister when suddenly the world erupted. Lying in a hospital bed for days, both eyes bandaged, she was unable to attend Addie's funeral. Another sister, Janie Gaines, at tended the funeral but never again visited the cemetery. She never so much as laid a flower there until last week, she told a Birmingham news paper, because the pain was just too great. The pain promises to become still greater and fresher when news spreads that a central figure from the civil rights era isn't resting in peace. As workers clambered over the cem etery Saturday afternoon, searching for Addle, her face filled a TV screen at the rebuilt church_ along with the faces of fellow victims Denise McNair, 11, Carole Robertson, 14, and Cynthia Wesley, 14 - as dozens of visitors viewed a documentary about the bombing. But this particular Saturday, the documentary had a somber post script. Tara Walton, a tour guide, in formed the crowd that one of the vic tims was missing. Many gasped. "Heaven's sake!" cried a woman "Oh no!" said another. The visitors then peppered Walton with questions, none of which she could answer. Are vandals respon images to convey feelings of loneliness and general powerlessness of a woman in postwar America. Her work rang true to more and more people in the 1970 s and 'Bos, notably feminists, and she became one of the best-selling poets of the century. a posthumous Pulitzer Prize winner. Hughes' defenders say Plath was unstable from the beginning - she had tried suicide before their marriage and drove him out of the house. But for the past 35 years, he has been subjected to constant, often-vicious hostility from people who variously consider him heartless, responsible for her suicide or a symbol of male domination in general. Vandals hacked his surname off her headstone in Yorkshire; someone once piled his papers on floors in "You can't read this book without being absolutely swept away by his feelings for her." Andrew Motion a poet and critic several rooms of his home and set fine to them. Andrew Motion, a poet and critic here, doubts that Hughes' hard-core critics will be swayed by the poems in "Birthday Letters." But Motion, who knows Hughes, says the verse proves the man's deep tenderness. "You can't read this book without being absolutely swept away by his feelings for her," he said. It was a tumultuous bond from the start. Their first meeting, in February 1956 at a boozy London party for the launching of a new magazine, has passed into literary legend. Details vary, but they apparently retired to a back room where Hughes appears to have kissed Plath hard and ripped off her scarf, and she to have responded by biting him on the face. sible? Can anything be done? How long has the little girl been gone? Nervously, Walton said only that talks had been under way to bring all four girls back to the church, to rebury them together in a special me morial area, but that those talks were now indefinitely on hold. If Addie can be found, it may be largely the result of efforts by Jim Stokes, manager of the Superior Concrete Co. He's the man Sarah hired to open the grave, and the only man now willing to search for the body. "I thought we were coming to a conclusion of this situation," he said the other day, standing in the forlorn . cemetery, peering at the ground. "In stead, we've just made the situation worse." Stokes has consulted various old timers and longtime Birmingham residents with sharp memories, hop ing one will remember that funeral in vivid and precise detail. But al ready he's discovered what histori ans have long known: When it comes to memory, time is the ulti mate vandal. "You get 10 people out here," he said, "and they'll point in 10 differ ent directions. Some say the body's in this vicinity. Some say it's in that vicinity." He walked back and forth, exam ining the plane of the ground like a golfer, squinting at every name etched in the old stones. He was 12 when the bombing happened, and he remembers little about it. "I wish I'd paid attention," he said, "so maybe I could solve this now." Next to the place Addie was sup posed to be buried is the grave of Cynthia Wesley. Below Cynthia is an unmarked, muddy mound where Stokes suspects Addie may be. But he needs Sarah's permission to dig again, and even then he fears exhum ing the wmng person, inadvertently reopening another family's grief. Idly, he studied the epitaph on the nearby grave of an unrelated stranger. "Gone But Not Forgotten," he read. "That's a for-sure statement." Behind him, however, he failed to notice the epitaph on a laige crypt, a quote from the Book of Psalms: "He is at my right hand," it read. "I shall not be moved." In his new verse, Hughes writes of leaving the party with a swelling ring moat that was to brand my face for the next month The me beneath it for good. He made an impression on her too. She wrote a few days later to her mother that he was "the only man I've met yet here who'd be strong enough to be equal with - such is life." She was 23 at the time, a Smith College graduate who was already a prize-winning writer. He was a Cambridge University graduate in English and anthropology, a sometime rose gardener given to cruising around London in a corduroy jacket with poems stuffed in the pockets. Some of the excerpts published Saturday recount the courtship. He writes of an early walk around London with her We clutched each other giddily For safety and went in a barrel together Over some Niagara ... . You were slim and lithe and smooth as a fish. You were a new world. My new world. They married in June 1956. In later years, they moved to the United States, then back to London. They had two children. Along the way, they became perhaps the premier literary couple of the time. She published her first book of poems, "The Colossus," in 1960. In 1963 came an autobiographical novel, "The Bell Jar," drawing on the despair that led to her first suicide attempt. 22 new Cardinals named, including 2 Americans By Vern Haller=Special to The Wash ington Post VATICAN CITY - Pope John Paul II on Sunday named 22 new cardi nals _ among them two Americans, a Canadian, seven Italians and the archbishops of Mexico City and Vienna. When the new cardinals are el evated officially at a ceremony Feb. 21, John Paul will have named 106 of the 123 cardinals who will be eli gible to take part in the conclave that chooses his successor. With the new appointments, the total number of cardinals, including those over the age of 80 - who are not eligible to vote in the election of a pope - will be 168. The pope tapped American Arch bishops Francis Eugene George, 61, of Chicago and James Frances Stafford, 65, the former archbishop of Denver who is now prefect of the Vatican's council on the laity. From 1976 to 1982, Stafford was auxiliary bishop of Baltimore, where he was born. The Canadian is Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic, archbishop of Toronto. In Chicago, George said that his elevation to cardinal is as much a rec ognition of the place that the Chicago Archdiocese holds in the church as it is a peztonal honor. "I knew it was going to come sometime," he said during a news conference at his resi dence. "This is an honor to Chicago primarily. I'm really very grateful." Trying to make it on reduced assistance By Kim Murphy=(c)l99B. Los Angeles Mmes LEWISTON, Idaho - Colleen Asdefoni isn't one of the 63 percent of Lewiston welfare recipients dropped from the rolls. She's still try ing to make it with Idaho's reduced cash grant."l'm so far behind, it's not even funny anymore," said the 25- year-old single mother of three. "I was getting $382 a month, which wasn't enough to begin with. You're not really gaining, but you're stay ing above water. In July, it went down to $276. And I completely drowned." Medicaid still pays the doctor bills for her 7-year-old daughter, who was born with a hole in her heart. But But they never found a settled nest, traveling frequently. Tension began to appear at home. All the time, deeper rage and frustration were spilling out in her writing. Many of Hughes' critics see him in some of it. Her poem "Daddy" focuses on feelings of love and abhorence for her father, who died when she was 8, but her husband seems to appear in the words as well: The vampire who said he was you And drank my blood for a year, Seven years, if you want to know. In 1962, involved with another woman, Hughes moved out. He left Plath caring for their two small children. One night in February that year, she turned on the gas in the kitchen. She was found dead the next morning. Hughes inherited rights to her works and later edited and published some of them. His career advanced - he became poet laureate in 1984 - but the sniping continued. At times he responded to critics in letters to newspapers, but for the most part he let it go. "That silence seems to confirm every worst suspicion," he wrote in a 1989 letter. "I preferred it, on the whole, to allowing myself to be dragged out into the bull-ring and teased and pricked and goaded into vomiting up every detail of my life with Sylvia," according to "The Silent Woman: Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath" by Janet Malcolm. But now, for reasons he hasn't explained, Hughes is giving a detailed account, in poems that were written over the past quarter-century. Motion, one of the few people to have read the full work, says the poems' complexity increases as Hughes moves toward her death. "You feel it's written in a burning, continuing process - like she's just left the room," he said. George succeeded the late Cardi nal Joseph Bernardin as head of the Chicago archdiocese. Bernardin, who was the church's senior prelate in the United States, died of cancer in late 1996. Cardinals, in addition to electing popes, are influential church leaders who advise the pope and often hold key Vatican positions. Among the archbishops named as cardinals are: Christoph Schoenborn of Vienna; Norberto Rivera Carrera of Mexico City, which is the world's largest Roman Catholic diocese; Paul Shan Kuo-hsi of Taiwan; Antonio Maria Ruoco Varela of Madrid; Serafim Fernandes de Araujo of Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Polycarp Pengo of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Jean Balland of Lyon, France; Salvatore De Giorgi of Palermo, Italy; and Dionigi Tettamanzi of Genoa, Italy. Other nominations included four Vatican department heads, three Ital ian archbishops chosen for special merit and Bishop Adam Kozlowiecki, a Polish missionary in Zambia who was imprisoned at the Nazi concentration camp in Dachau, Germany, during World War 11. The pope did not reveal the names of the final two cardinals, a practice usually reserved for prelates in po litically sensitive positions. The pope said a 23rd cardinal whom he had planned to appoint, Giuseppe Uhac, secretary of the Con gregation for the Evangelization of People, had died Sunday morning. now, Astleford's 9-year-old daughter has been diagnosed with leukemia. Her doctor says she must be treated in Portland, Ore. And Astleford has no car. Why not move 10 minutes away to Clarkston, Wash.? Washington's cash assistance program also requires work or job hunting every week, but the benefits would be $642 a month - at least after the first year. Astleford shakes her head. "That's what everybody asks me," she said. "I have kids = this is their home.... Now, they have their school, they're happy. They have their friends, and is it fair to drag them somewhere else again?"
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers