4 V Ctusri Cffie 11 1 03 h : !: li ti I i VOL. IX. MILFOKI), PIKE COUNTY, PA., FRIDAY, JANUARY I, 19Q4. NO. 0. 1. t THE WASHINGTON LETTER. Resarding the dnmoeratio opposi- j tion to the Panama canal treaty, which continu 8 to b the main tnpio of conversatiin here, Senator Sim mons, a democrat from North Caro lina, says "If the democratic party be instrumental in bringing about tho defeat of the treaty, the Amer ican people will hold tho party re sponsible thorefor and might soon forget the conduct of the president." This is but one of umny expressions of opinion by democratic senators, which makes Mie republicans certain tlmt the treaty will be ratified. In annonnoinir their opposition to the treaty, the minority senators have been described ns deserting a sinking ship, and politicians are now asking what will bo the effect of Senator Gorman's blunder in start Ing bis party on a course from which were turned by tho instruction of their state legislatures or by the demands of democratic governors and their party press. The Mary, land senator has led bis party into n mistake and lias injured, If not de stroyed, bis chances of the demo cratic nomination ; at least snoh is the general opinion here. It i sig nificant that Leader Murphy of Tammany Hall, whose motto is suc cess and who judges men merely by their vote getting ability, has given out a partial endorsement of William Randolph Hearst as tho next candi date, although unt 1 recently the Tammany leader was very friendly with Senator Gotman. Representa tive Cooper of Texas, who declared that Gorman is a "slick politician" but that this reputaion is not popu lar with the people, says that Hearst will get the nomination and that Gorman will manage the campaign. It is thought by many that Senator Gorman's mistake on the canal question will rob him even of his title of "slick politician." The nest democratic caucus where tho canal question will be discussed promisee to be a stormy one, and may result in Leader Gorman's practical down fall. Senator Morgan will speak against the cnnal and it is believed that will occupy much of the senate's time but little of its atten tion. If the democrats insist upon delivering campaign speeches in tho senate, the republican majority will bave the treaty considered in executive session. Events in tie Far East are receiv ing much attention from the admin istration. The Chinese Commercial treaty hat still to be ratified at Peking by receiving the Imperial Seal, and officers of the state depart ment believe that Russia is secretly opposing such ratification, in order to prevent the opening of the Man oburian ports of Antung and Muk den to American trade. The Rus sian fear that if America acquires such an interest in Manchuria, it will oppose its permanent occupa tion by-Russia or perhaps get in volved in the Rnssian. Japanese dispute American Minister Conger has received instructions to nrge a prompt ratification of the treaty, and our government is of course determined to prevent Russia from successfully opposing it. War be- teon Russia and Japan is regarded ns certain and Real Admiral Evans has been ordered to proceed at once from Honolulu to Chinese waters with the Asiatic Heel which is under bis oommand. While it is thonght that hostilities may be posponed for some time, the administration in tends to have a fleet on the scene in order to protect American interests Chances of a war with Columbia is much discuMsed here, and it is thought quite possible that Coloua bia's determination to attack Pana ma will involve her in a conflict with the United State'. General Reyes, who is stili in Washington iu.ugui.iv Ike, 'Uitit-.r til ttu anij continues to cable-Ms countrymen to bo puLimit, and not to forget tiittt I wur with l'u nan. u nit-ana war wiib tho only world power in the Western i.eiiiLsplieie., l!d hritt handed .'! re t.iry liny a le.te of protest lifiiitist the Vi..: 1 i'UfifllH, !-M In I Vl O I ' , u tLa com".. I". . ! of d-nU the i l.:a con!: y the Li be ii-U n.!j i. vent H. Stale recognition i is K waning the re to Columbia. if .1 .- t. y I ! .i f of i . o as s-iser 1 li. i t f-iJ t t ti i'.u-: it Iht ty t:. ,f tbi Of I p. h- ceptance by representative men on the Isthmus, Minister Bunan-Varlila ; brought to the state department j official notice that the act of the junta lias been formally approved by tho municipal councils: of th 12 principal provinces of the republic. Admiral John O. Walker has re- turned from the Isthmus and hand- ed a snti-ifactory report to the pres. ident. He says that the health ot i the marines on the isthmus is good, that there pienty of them to protect Panama, that their presence is do sired by the inhabitants and that it is not advisable to send regular troops as this this action might cause some uneasiness Mil Inter TV. I. Buchanan is now at l'auana and was accorded a magnificent recep tion at the government palace. All the ministers, members of the junta and prominent foreigners were present. The new American minis tor was oRcrrtnd by a body of troops and given a guard of honor. Ho has presented Wis credentials and complete diplomatic relations with the new republic aro thus es tablished. Great Britain and Cuba have reoognized Panama. The administration is prepared for any emergency on the Isthmus. More marines aro being sent and several transport ships are in rendi ness to hurry troops to the scene in case of trouble If there must, be war, it Is thought that the most humane way would bo end it at once and in such ft manner that it would not ocour again. Colombia would be defeated quickly and would perhaps become American territory. After A long conference, President Roosevelt, and Secretaries Root and Shaw decided that tho beHt method of raising money to pay for the pur chase of the friars' land in the Phil ippines would be to issue 17,000,000 of 4 per cent bonds redeemable after ten years and within thirty, An Act of tho last congress authorizes the issue of such bonds. They are to be offered for sale in January and there will doubtless be a good market for them in this country, especially as they will Te accepted by the govern. ment as security for the deposit of public funds. Within the last seven months fS, 000,000 of 4 percent Phil ippine bonds have been issued by the government and were sold above par. More than one half of these bouda are now on deposit with the government as security for pub lie money. It is believod that the new bonds will bring a good price. Governor Taft has sent words that the contract with the friars has been signed and provides for pay. ment within six months. Real Estate Transfers Joseph Crump, et al., heirs John Crump to Charles W, Crump, 50 acres, Lehman, part of William Phillip, fl25. Catharine Carroll to Blooming Grove Fark Association, 60 acres, Blooming Grove, part of Henry Bar net and John Wigton, tl00. George Willets to same, 100 acres, Blooming Grove, part of John Wigton, 1250. George Danmann, Jr., treasurer, to J H. Van Etten, three deeds for lands in Blooming Grove, 125 acres assessed to Samuel Marshall, CO acres, assessed to Catharine Carroll, 3?7 aers, Patrick Patten. J. II. Van Etten to Blooming Grove Park Association, assignments of above deeds, ft. Ruih A. Quick to Nena C. Gun- Ranis, lot in Matamoras on Madison street, II. Anna Sehanno to Louis Budell, Hotel Schanno property, Dinguian lio.ooo. Fred Gebhard, et al., to Magdelene Gebhard, lot 515, Matamoras on Pennsylvania avenue, 12. Aaron Heudershot to Mis. S,un;. 1 C'nii, 3 acres, Wetfiill, near Mill i Rift, 1,100. Jiilui'.m Margaret Linck to Robert i'leus-je, 3;i'J acres. Greene, part of Mary Stocker, No. 2t, t'ioOO. Rudolph Litii'k to M iry 15 H.cini, same land, t .'JuO. ii:);. Vrrv-iit-(l t! a d ini.lts s (Y:ir, CI., tit".: y us i of t'., i-: :"iel.e.l fctt.i: hw of CliM im hi i,l 1 .:ii : us the f-i. ! ii -.,r-tf e j ; : .o i t ,y be .f j. ) I:'. the ! . t fU " -,u. V... ' 3 K . ' In v ivy 'hi LOCAL AND PERSONAL NOTES Rnbort Terwilligcr of Lakewood, N. J,, was a, recent visitor hero. Oscar M. Wells of New York was a guest with his mother recently. Harold Thornton of New York enjoyeti a nriei visit uere recently, John Gonrlny of Newark spent a few days recently with bin family hero. George t'latk and wife of Mata nioras called on friends here tho first of the week. F. W. Pinner and wife of New York passed n few days this week at Brookside Villa. ' William A. IIulsler of Honesdale has been reappointed D. D. 8. M. for this the 14 District. John Depnn, en employee at the Waldorf in New York, visited his family hero this week. Mrs. Mamie K. Peters and daugh ter of New York are domiciled at the Armstrong cottage. Frank Rudolph and wifo of Port Jorvis have boen visiting the for mers mother here a few days. Miss Helen Ruth Biddis ot Wash ington has been for several days a guest with Mrs. Edward Cahill on Broad street. Miss Bertha Williamson of Lake- wood, N. J.. is visiting her mother, Mrs. A. N. Roe, in Branch ville for a couple of weeks. Frank Crissman, proprietor of Hotel La Tourette, Bergen Point, was a guest with his mother here over last Sunday . Rev. Charles Beattie, D. D., of Middlotown, N. Y., whose serious illness has been noted in the Press, is reported as slightly improved. W. D., a brother of Hon. J. C. Price of Branchville, N. J., recently elocted state senator, who has been very ill, is said to be improving. OBITUARY MRS. WILLIAM LYNCH Anna Boll, wife of William Lynch, died at her home in Port Jervis Sat urday, December 2Cth after a long illness of consumption She was born in Milford October 5, 1869, and was a daughter of James and Anna Boslor of this place. About twelve years ago she mar ried Mr. Lynch, a conductor on the the Erie, and has since lived in Port Jervis. She was an active member os the M. E. church and will be mourned by a largo circle of friends. Her husband and three children, Ruth A., Willian R. and Helen M., survive. She is also survived by her father and one sister, Karah, wife of Thomas M. Brink of Ding man's Ferry, Penu'a. Tho funeral was held Tuesday and intermont in Milford cemetery. Sunday Schools Elect Officers The Presbyterian Sunday school has elected (he following named for the ensuing year : Sujieriu tendon t George Mitchell. Assistant J. F. Huntington. Librarian and Secretary Louise Klaer. Organist Maud Klein. Assistant Alice Baker. The Methodist Sunday school has elected the following : Superintendent P. N. Bouruique. Assistant William Anirle. 2nd Assistant J. A. Myer. Secretary Harry Armstrong. Treasurer Miss Olmsted. Librarian Lewis Gregory. Organist Myrtle Ryder. Assistant Leila Gregory. There is a great discussion going on in the papers as to whether congress shall or shall not admit a delegate Irom Porto Kieo. It is contended that the fundamental law of the republic makes no provision for delegates from territories and that the whole question will again be i'.ii.-ed whether Porto KU'o is a territory finjimr t Oklnhmel, New Mexico or 1 hi wait. It matters little, in discu-aing t lie ribt of the houe of I'epreM-iilatives lo accord Pono liico a deteguie or not whether that i-laiid is upon the same footing as i ia aii or )k lahooia. 1 legates do not constitute a part, of emigres. Thev sit in the lhiti-e only by grace of the House, and have no voting: I I" If the lloiiM- sees tit to u 1'orto l'.iean to appear upon i.-i II Mir in liehaif cf Ids i.-lan.i, as it pri.h.ihly win mv lit to do so, it will i. ud uiiij.lt- ihiU.i 1 1 ty fur bin li action. I A e'1' or t',vo ff wntnr t.'iKpn bii'f Hll lei. II' bi t lie biCii k f.-t Will liMlttl- ly Lei p t he bov i-U r ilar. ll.ir.il : .lLii;e fd.imKl bl h voided. v in-il a ui'ituve is iie. tail a ''i!.in- I 1 1 . i j ' iv lii'iuu'li and Li rr 'i a nSis j ! i.. y in.-, n,i, j an, I ..nth m the.ir I ol ! ,S, o:.t , ,iio by l,.,!i-li .V ;-. ni u.l , net al ! -i i la at, in. CHANGES Ift GAME LAWS Bome Vary Appropriate SugR-eetions Made Deer and Bird Open Sea sons Should be Different Ixiiis Vat.lkv, Ore. 1H, 1003. Mr. Ehitor: I notice In your Inst Issiit that some pa rib's propose some changes in the game laws. As nn old resident, and one who takes some Interest In protecting game, I fail to see where the proposed change would do any good. If we are to have a change it lumld be in the dog law, either let us use dogs in hunting deer or otherwise et us have a law that can be enforced. I think it safe to say that of the deer killed in Pike county the past season were chased by dogs. It hould be remembered that nenrly all dogs will chase deer to some extent, and when a deer is started and chased 300 or 400 yards by a. dog it will continue on a mile or perhaps more before it stops, and with the men properly stationed this is far enough. The men who go with the dogs claim to be hunting birds and rabbits and some of them carry Winchester rifles at the same time. Our oflicera know these matters exist but they can't help it, even where they are inclined to do their duty they are powerless. I wish to call your attention to one thing more, for instance, Messrs. A. and II. are neighbors and very warm friends. Mr. A. keeps a stopping place for hunters mid hunts some himself. Mr. B. does not hunt, he keeps R or 4 deer dogs just because he likes to have them around when a party of hunters come from Milford or some other place. Mr. B. is made acquainted with the fact, in the morning Mr. A. stations his men on the brook and other good stands. Mr. H. takes his dog and drives the deer In but does not show himself to the partyj and tho dog Is a total stranger no one knows anything about him, still he lives to come again. There is a great deal more that could be written along this line but I have already said enough. One who has a desire to protect game and hunt as the law directs it has a very discouraging outlook. It seems to me the deer law should be left as It is and the bird and rabbit season be from the first of September to the 31st of October. Allow dogs to lie used those two months and no more. Wildcats and foxes should be killed with poison every month in the year except (September and October. Ol,r Rkmidkxt. 8 Christmas in tha Churchei Christmas week,. the most sacred of all anniversaries, has just passed. Tho week to which pooplo, in all Christian countries look forward as a time of pleasure, rest and merry making. Christmas exercises were bold in all our churches. On Christmas evening in the Pres byterian church tha usual order of things was somewhat reversed. The tree beautifully trimmed and bounti fully laden with gifts, stood in the rear of the church with the chairs facing it. A Christmas service was rendered by the members of the Suuday school with the aid of the choir, In one selection Miss Alice Baker sang the solo. This was Miss Baker's first appearance before the publio as a singer, and it was a pleasure to the listeners, who hope to hear her again Mr. 8mead read appropriate pas sages of scripture and delivered a brief address. The chief interest of the young people was centered in the tree and when the gifts from it wore distributed the exercises closed. The Sunday school connected with the Church of the Good Shepherd held exercises in Brown's Hull Mon day evening. A cautata, under the supervision of Mrs. Perot, was ren dered by the younger members of the school iu a manner which showed most efficient training. Among those who took prominent perls were Nora Degen, IJettio Unsworth and E'nnm Vitn Cainpnn, three annuls. Suutu Clauia canid down the chimney, to the great de lisht of the children, and after a merry greel mg deposited his Milfotd pack and witii a cherry good xy, departed ns he came, thftn were j then distributed and each, judging from the dof.ht with which !t ws received, m.iat have been selected j with the umiul care pxereivd by this mythical benefactor. A rifclitrurd ll,ift Harming hko n.aJ down the street dumping t lie occupants or a hundred other Bed, tents, a it every dayoecur rences. It le hooves 6 very liu.iy to lu.vd a r.-lijhio halvo handy and there x none us j'ood as ii-.tcUien' Aiiilca S:!vo. I' nns, cut-., holes, e .'-.n, a !. ! p:b s C.iHppe.ir quu kly : r iu k.;v mi ;i fi'cft. i'-, ut all U 1 I , ' -1 li. INTERESTING NEWS ITEMS A marriage license lies been grant ed to Hurry J. Kramer of Port Jervis and Ella D. Drillir of Mata moras. Letters of administration on the estate cf Jesse L. Gunn, late of Lehman, deo'd, have been granted to J. W. Frazier. Carrie, wife of Henry Clay, died at her home at Angles saw mill in Delaware Thursday, Deo. 24, of peritonitis aged about 50 years. The funeral was held last Sntnrday. The boiler of an engine on the Erie exploded Tuesday near Long Eddy killing Frank Loven, the fire man, and severely injuring the engineer and three other men. 'Squire Ludwig, with his usual generosity, treated tho Gazette force Christmas to a largo cake. The account tloes noc mention tho num ber of plums it contained. An accident in which 64 persons lost their lives occurred last week on the B. & O. Railroad near Laurel Run, Pa. Bome timber fell from a passing freight train on the tracks in front of the Dnquesne flyer throwing it over an embankment Dr. Webb, who owns a large game preserve in tho Adirondack regions will, it is said take down the fence and permit the moose, elk, deer and beavers roam at will. Ho experienc ed great trouble in keeping up the fence because of trees which had been burned fulling on it. Miss Sallie Brodhead of Toby, hanna, Monroe county, and Prof. W. E. Brown, principal of the Moscow school, were married Deo. 24, and the same day James II. Taylor and Miss Mary J. Reinert, both of East Stroudeburg, were joined in holy wedlock. Id tense cold weather set in last Saturday, which was so far the coldest day of the season and held the record for the past 20 years for tbi month. During the first part of the week little relief was experienc ed and the cold which was general caused much suffering and delay in trains on all railroads. Our Native Birds A recent publication of the depart. ment of agriculture of this state is devoted to the eoouomio value of our native birds, and treats of kites, bawls, eagles, falcons, etc The conclusion is that no birds are more beneficial to the Interests of the husbandman than are these and none are less fully known and less appreciated for their good effects and, too, that none are nfore meroi lessly slaughtered by nearly all persons at all times. The worst hawks we bave and the ones most destructive to small birds and poultry are the sharp shinned hawk known as the Pigeon hawk which is the smallest of the hawk family but one of the most daring. Of 159 stomachs examined, 6 con tained poultry or game birds, 69, other birds, representing about 45 different species ; 6, mice ; 5, insects ana S3 were empty. Thus it seems fond of poultry, kills few mice, but destroys too many beneficial small birds. The other, known as "Coopers hawk, is larger than the other and is often called the "Long tailed small chicken hawk " It eats larger birds and tackles older poul try. Of 133 stomachs examined, 39 were empty ; 34 contained poultry or game birds, 62, other birds; 11 mammals ; 1, a frog ; 3, lizzards ; and 2, insects. While all hawks take poultry to some extent, yet the number of noxious animals and insects they destroy, more than compensates the farmer for the damage they do his poultry. Annual Election The annual electiou for Managers cf tho Milford Cemetery Association will be held at the office of C. W. Bull iu the Borough of Milford on Monday, Jan. 4, 1904, between the hours of 2 and 3 p. in, Wii.i.ia MiT' HKix, Secretary. f ijlil Will He Hitter Those who will persist iu closing their culls Hf'.iinil the coutmuul recouiuitiinlttUou of Dr, King's New l.'iscovery for consumption, will have a l.mg and bitter fieUt wits their troubles, if sot muted earlier by fa,t,d teVii. illation. U-.nd whi-t T. il. Ileal 1 of ceall, Min,, has to say : "Last fall oiy wifo had eve syin ' mi of consumption, t took Lr. Kti.g'n New L:,-oovery after everything tlntt bad fulled. Im provident Crtiuo at onoeanl ( ur bottles entirely cuie.l her," t,. -r-tu t't' l by all t!ru i'tv y iv n t (.1. Ti'-id b. u .t fita. BIRDS OF THE WINTER TIME Birds of Great Value Which Should be Protected and Cared for During the Winter Certain small birds that remain with us during the winter time are of very great value, although their economic effects are not generally known. Those birds are very bene ficial for their destruction of both weed seeds and insects. Somo, like the sparrows and horned larks, feed during'the winter upon seeds alone, most of which are the seeds of weeds that are more or less obnoxious; others, like the quail, feed upon both seeds ahd Insects, and some feed up on insocts alone, even during the winter, when it is popularly thought that no insects are to be found. It s to these and the necessity of pre serving them that we wish to call especial attention at this time. Two very important birds that remain with ns all winter and feed entirely upon insects, especially in orchards, are the Downy and Hairy woodpeckers. Members of this family can be known by their dip ping flight, their short, sharp notes, their sharp rigid tail feathers pressed against the tree for support, two toes in front and 2 behind insuring a Armor grasp, their hard pecking against wood, their modest white and black colors, nd the patoh of red on the head of the male They are found mostly on the trunks and larger limbs of the trees, head up ward, searching for grubs, chrysa lids, etc, They are erroneously oalled "sapsuckers," and are killed through ignorance of their own value. They do not suck sap, nor njure the trees. Protect the small woodpeckers of the winter time and thus protect your fruit crops. Two other valuable winter birds are the two species of nuthatches These can be known by their drab and grayish oolors, no red, the call which is a nasal "pank," and their alighting on the trunks and larger brandies of trees, mostly head down ward. They do not peck into wood, as do the woodpeckers, but they pry into every crack and crevice and under every possible scale of bark in search of insects of any and all kinds of stages, and will freely eat eggs, such as those of the pear tree Psylla, Apple Aphids, eto., larva? such as hibernate beneath loose bark, pupie or chrysalids of all kinds of Insects that are to bo found in cracks and under bark, and adults or mature insects that are hibernating. For the extraction of such pests these nuthatches have bills that are especially long, sleder straight and pointed. Another remarkable valuable bird of the winter time is the common Chickadee. It can be known by its small size, black cap on its head bluish gray back, and lighter under side, and especially by the fact that it generally alights on the twigs of trees and swings bead downward and every way, while clinging with its feet, like a veritable acrobat. It lives altogether upon insects, and eats an immense number of them Its chief food consisting of the eggs of plant lice, small chrysalids, etc A study of its stomach contents has proven beyond a doubt that it is one of the most valuable birds known to the fa rmer and fruit grower. The brown Creeper also often occurs iu our orchards during the winter. It U a small bird, slightly larger than the Chickadee, with a very long, slender, curved bill, with which it extracts Insects of all kinds and in all stages from their winter hiding places where none but an expert entomologist would think to find them. It is one of the few kinds of birds with stiff and pointed tall feathers upon which it rest at tlmea, as upon a third leg. All of these birds can be aided by putting fat meat, suet or trimmings from butcherings in trees for them. Place bands of tin around the trees and cuts and squirrels will not get the. focal put up for the birds, which are our most useful allies. Tor quails it is necessary, while there is prolonged snow, to fed them by setting sheavns of un thrcshed grain of any kiud in brush piles and scattering straws with grain iu the head over brush so the falling snow will not cover it. If this be not done most of the quails in this state are likely to die of ; starvation. Prof. li. A. burfuce, fcutte College, Peuua. A Colly M.itnk I'lunders are sometimes very ex pec.r.ive. Occasionally life itself is the price of a mistake, but you'll never bd wrong it yoa t.iUa Dr. 1, ilia's icw Lite Puis for dyspepsiu, dr.A!nes, he-Hilaehe, liver or bowoi troubles. Tlity are yei,Ue, yet thooi:,U. at ':! dr.. -J.i. THE RAMBLER'S PICKINGS Write It with a four, A Happy New Year to all ! Whore is the chap who prophesied an open winter? Do not miss the oyster snppor and lance of the Fire Department this Thursday evening. The different ice houses around here are filled early this winter and with first rate ioe. Rambler is muoh obliged for several Christmas presents Hopo the Prkss "devil" got bis stocking full. Last Saturday we had a young blizzard. Yet the sleighing w as poor. Sunday was disagreeable and our streets were deserted. I understand some of the boys have found out the meaning of the word Kationjammer, and they also admit knowing something about it. Poetry is all right, but I saw some oomposed by a woman somo time ago and sent to a friend whioh clearly was entitled to a medal if it oonld have been published. There was a little birthday party held in, this town which together with the celebration of Christmas both being on one day made things so lively that a pocket book contain ing fifteen dollars took wings toward 1904. Who got it? The annual election of tho Milford Fire Department for the election of a chief and first and second assistant will be held in the Borough building on January 5 between the hours of 8 and 9 p m. Sunday school attendance will now be on the deoreasa for awhile until picnic time anyhow. One lady oonneoted with one of our churches remarked to ns that there were a few children so religious about X-mas time they would attend Sun day sohool in two churches. The World's Canals The Suez Canal was begun In 1859 and was completed In 1809. The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, con necting the Baltic and Noith Seas, was completed in 1805. Among the big European canals are the Cronstadt and St. Petersburg Canal, Corinth Canal, Manchester Ship Canal, and the Eibs and Trave Canal. The Corinth Canal connects the Gulf of Corinth with the Gulf of Aegina. The canal reduces the distance from Adriatic ports about 175 miles and from Mediterranean ports about 100 miles. Its length is about four miles and Its cost 5,0(10,000. The canal connecting the Bay of Cronstadt with St. Petersburg is a work of great strategic and commer cial importance to Russia. The canal and sailing course in the Bay of Cronstadt are about sixteen miles long. The width ranges from 220 to 360 feet. The Manchester Ship Cana!, which connects Manchester, England, with the Mersey River at Liverpool, and the Atlantic Oean, was opened for traffic January 1, 1894. The length of the canal Is thirty-five and one half miles, the total rise from water level to Manchester being sixty feet, which is divided between four seta of locks, giving an average to each of fllteen feet. Three ship canals Intended to give continuous passage to vessels front the head of Lake Superior to Lake Ontario and the St. Ijiwreuce River are the Welland Canal, originally constructed in 1833 and enlarged In 1871 and 1900; the St. Mary's Fulls Canal at Sault Ste. Murie, Mich., opened in 1855 and enlarged in l-,sl and 18!iti, and the Canadian Canal at St. Mary's River, opened in l9.r). The Suez Catml is usually consider ed the most important exiwnplo of ship canals, though the number of vessels passing through it annually does not etiital that passing through the ct'iiuls connecting IiUe Superior with the chain of great lakes at the south. In length, however, it ex ceeds any of the other great ship canals, its totul length being ninety miles, of which als'ut two-thirds is through shallow lakes. Two canals connect the liultic and North Seas through Germany, the first, known as the Kaiser Wilbehii Canal, having )ee!i completed in 189.5, and constructed largely for military and naval purposes, but, proving also of great vaiuo to the general mercantile traltic. Work upon the Kaiser Willieiin Canal was begun in lss7. The. leiiitli of the canal is si xlyone mi ies, the tern linu.-i in tiiu liultic Sea being at the harbor of Kiel. l'ii.-jtuau' id hoadnuHrtera f.:t Lowury ' U'H.'I M'tlth 1 i t A i t I i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers