BiRTH OF A VOLCANO, Nature's Process In Forming a Mountain of Lava. THE FORCE OF AN ERUPTION. wpiivuviii i nai uiesiroyea me cast Indian Island of Krakatoa In 1B83 Propelled an Air Wave Three and Half Timee Round the Earth. Though volcanoes hip often apnkiMi of ns burning mountains, they ilu mil burn (it all, nor, In l ho proper sense of 1 the wold, nre thev mountains at nil. A volenti! Is really o Haw In tlu crust of the en nil through which I ho Moire slowing hent lylnjj below (he crust tin innnnced lo bu,rst a hole. Through thin hole great floods of moiled rook spoilt up. Some Toloanoog work at Inter vals; Home nre lu eruption nil the time. As the melted rook Jets up Into tho nlr nnd fulls It naturally builds Itsoir luto a mountain round the hole. The next prii4.iou tins to bui'Ht its way through the heart of that mountain. The chimney It spouts through Ih usu ally called "the plpo." Sometimes an eruption Is so tierce that when the lava (another name for ' melted rock) spouts out it Is burst Into bits. When it falls It Is sometimes ns fine as dust, sometimes the size of cin ders. Most volcanoes, Indeed, nre sim ply gigantic cinder heaps. When the force Is not so great the lava In the pipe simply bubbles over and flows down tho sides of the moun tain, exactly ns porridge bolls over the edge of n pot. As lava Is liquid, (he slope of n lava volcano (or lava cone, ns It Is usually called) Is always very gentle. Falling cinders, on tho other hand, pile themselves up quite steeply. A lavn cone, then, Is always less steep than a cinder cone. And a volcano never burns. WJmt looks like, flame Is only the glow of tho white hot lava on (lie clouds of steain. The more steniu there Is forc ing Its way up the pipe the more the lava bubbles, just as lu the case of the porridge. If (he pressure of s(eam Is very great, then you 4inve the lava blown to hits nnd falling ns cinders, while tho mighty clouds of steniu rise high above the mountain. It is tills steam (hat is mistaken for smoke. Sometimes a cone sends out lava and cinders alternately, so that you have a groat mountain of cinders bound to gether by "layers nnd walls of lava. These walls of tnvn me due to the I 11 i r . i . mot that sometimes more inva wants to come up the pipe than the pipe will hold, so the lava bursts its way out through weak spots In the sides of the mountain. Ktna has no fewer than -70(1 of these cones on Its Blopes. One of tliem. Monte Kossl. is a hill In .Itsel'r, being 4M feet high. Indeed, a WMlol of Ktna looks ns If It were cov-.. eivd with pimples. ' ' When Ulna is really roused It Is far more dangerous ih.in Vesuvius. In 11(81 l( nearly destroyed the city of Catnnia. killing I.'i.ikki people, lu ltliiti It found Its pipe so Inconveniently small thut it had to crack one of Us side. This crack was no less than twelve miles long. At the bottom w kilo hot lava could dimly be seen Jhrougb the clouds of steniu. In 17."." millions of gallons of boiling water Were shut out of tbeVal del Hove, which Is a great circular pit on the lope of the mountain, four or five miles in diameter, its sides being cliffs nearly a mile high In places. The greatest volcunic eruption ever known took place In the East Indies in 1S.XT5. The story makes almost In credible reading. The volcanic Island of, Krakatoa commenced proceeding tv blowing ha f of itself into thin air. From the open 1 1. u no less titan a culii l' lie of rook was shot out. A column or s'cum ami ,ava oust rose into the all' to ji height six times us fiiem as that of Mount Kverest. It upren.l and s; re:id Jill for Hundreds of lies an mid the air "whs black as mid-' night. Sounds as of distant cannomn l:ig were heard i.Utifl miles off. Sea waves fifty feet high killed 8o. tmO pooplp sod were fell ns far off us Calilornl.-t. instead of uu Island half u nii.e. high theiV was now u hide a quarter of a mile deep. The shook of the eruption sent air waves three nnd halt times iiMtiad the earth. The tine dust In the upper atmosphere add ed for months afterward a strange glow to the snnseis In England nnd did not vanish completely for three years. ' ' The exact cause of the eruptions Is not known for certain. A popular the ory Is that tbey nre ennsed by water retting in to the white hot mass which -i-i supposed to lie under the outer crust f the earth. And It is certainly a fact 1 ( .at practically all volcanoes are close to tbe edge of the sea. Some lava flows slowly, some quick l,v. Vesuvius in 1805 sent out a lava st neam that In four minutes had reach ed a spot four miles off. The size of i. Viva stream is sometimes gigantic lu 37S3 Skaptar Jokull In Iceland emitted nvo streams at one tlmei One was ; rty miles long by seven miles broad. 'i ie other fifty miles by fifteen. The iivi i ige depth of both was about a liun'lred feet. Ltiva cools very, very slowly, except m tbe surface, which cools at once. It Ik an extremely bad conductor of .ber.t. Twenty years after a stream of luva was sent out from Jorullo. In Mex ico, tourists could light their cigars through chinks in the surface, and th ' surface had been cold for twenty years. .In 1828 a layer of snow many feet ,thick was found unfler a layer of Vesn vian lava. It wa still unmelted Ht.-1 Is probably there still. Pearson' .Beeklr. STRUCK' A SNAG! A Painful Jolt Fop tho Good Rood Ambassador. j I'll never forget (ho night 1 called on iuo vtmow inrn. sue owneu tony acres on the main road, which 1 hoped to have Improved, lu practically every house In tho county 1 had been hos pitably received because I was a hu man being. A pioneer citizen, member of the Good Itonds club, took me In n carrlnge to see the widow. "I'll watch tho horses," this wise old clllzon said. "I don't kuow what would frighten them," I suggested, but be seemed to expect a brass band or soino other tin usuhl sight, although It was 8 o'clock at night, I soon knew why ho prefer red to sit oift there In the cold, "Mrs. Yarn, I believe?" 1 began lu gradntlngly when tho door was open ed. "Well," the person who stood there observed, "I've been hero forty 'years. You ought to believe It." "This," thinks 1 to myself, "Is a st in n go place for curbstone humor." And then aloud: "I have been talking for good roads, madain. We have de cided to run a rock road by here, and as"-. "Who has decided?" This lu the voice of a conductor when he asks you how old your lltlloboy Is. "Why," I stammered, "the Good Itouds club, and" "I don't belong to It, do I? They wouldn't have a woman . member, would they?" "I'm sure I don't know, I hnve been chlefly"- "Sure you don't!" the Widow Yarn snapped. "You're chiefly concerned about taxing my forty acres Into tbe county treasury without letting me vote on It. What right hnve you to como over here to build ronds? Are you a rond builder? Did you ever build a rood or pny for one?" "Madnm," I gnld, "you renlly do hnve a voto on this question If a rond dis trict Is organized. You hnve forty votes one for every ncro you own. and" Her face lighted up with a light that never was seen before on human faco unless perhaps In riding on an old transfer or getting rid of a bnd nickel. She opeued the door wider I had not been admitted up to that moment nnd asked mo to enter. . "You say I have forty votes?" sho Inquired. "You hnve," I assured her, feeling like the bearer of good news. "Well, glory be!" tho Widow Yarn sighed, rocking herself .comfortably. "Glory be, say 1! Yl fast them nil against your old mrk road. Now I niust be getting ronfly for prayer meet ing." Charles fliillon In Harper's Weekly. TheTerrors of Franknesa. "The.ro Is no worse vice than franlt ,noss," said a playwright. "How should I feel, for example, If I asked you for your opinion of my plays nnd you an swered me frnnkly. quite frankly? Why. I should feel like tho poor lady at tbe bridge drive who snld to her hostess' little daughter: " 'Your eyes nre such a heavenly blue.. And what color nre my eyes, dnrllng? "The chlld'a hltih treble trnvelud easily to the farthest corner of the quiet room as Bho replied,, looking earnestly up Into hor questioner's face: " 'Dwab middles, yellow whites and wed wlms!' "Exchange. Rutkin and the Turners. How closely famous pictures can be imitated by skillful artists wns proved by an exhibition by Ituskln in 1875 of a series of facsimiles of Turner's pic tures lu the National gallery, I.ondou. The collection wns iiccotnpanled by a characteristic note from ItusUlu. Ui which he said. "I hnve given tny best attention during upward of ten years to train n copyist to perfect fidelity In rendering the works of Turner and have now succeeded in enabling him to produce fmsliniles so close as to look like replicas facsimiles which I must sign with my own nnnie to pre vent their being sold for real Turners." Kith and Kin. "Very Interesting conversation In here?" asked papn, suddenly thrusting his head through tho conservatory window, where Ethel, Mr. Tomklns and little Eva snt very quietly. , "Yes, Indeed," snld Ethel, ready on the Instant with a reply. "Mr. Tom kins and I were discussing our kith and kin, weren't we, Eva?" "Yeth, you wath," replied little Eva. "Mr. Tomklns said, 'May I have a kith? and Ethel said. .'You kin."' London Tit-Bits. A Deduction. "Little Willie Withers V ibe bright est and best behaved boy -o ri neigh borhood." ... "Allow me to deduce." , . "Go ahead." . "You don't know little Willie, and I you've recently been chatting with his mother." Birmingham Age-Herald. Envious. Howell I'm engaged to Miss Rowell. Congratulate me, old man. Powell 1 would If I did not know that In her case a nomination is not equivalent to an election. Smart Set. Another of Woman's Right. ( "How are Brown and his suffragette wife getting along?" ... "Not at all. She insists on reading the sporting page before he does." Detroit Free Press. Time ripens all things. No man is ! born wise. Cervantes. ... BROWN'SPARTNER. The All Around Genius That Would Just Flit the Bill. -'' Tho following Is quoted from the American Magazine and Is signed by II. Lee: "Here's the whole thing lu a nut shell," snld Brown to me. "I am uow twenty-eight years old, hnve my own business nnd hnve brought It to such a slate that I have decided to take a partner." "Take one," answered I. "There's the rub," bo gave back. "My partner must be such an all around knowing one that I'm afrnld I'll have bard work to (111 the posi tion. "My partner must be able to make laws and to enforce .them, must be able to carry out complicated chemical work, must be a skilled mechanic, must know something of economics, must bo able to buy wares of all kinds with duo consideration of my finances and must bo able to do tailoring of a kind If necessary." "Hold on, Browut" said I. "Are you dippy, ns the vulgarians sny?" "No," replied he. "I wnnt a wlfo. Look nround among your friends nnd see If any one man among them could do all that a good housewife should be able to do. She must make Just laws for the family and euforce them. She must understand the complicated proc esses of cooking. Making, mending, washing. Ironing and otherwise car ing for tbe clothing of a family re quire mechanical skill. Bringing up a Child properly requires far more knowledge nnd wisdom than selling dry goods of standard makes and prices year after year. Where are more science and skill required than In the sickroom? And If the wife does not know how to do all of these things how can she direct tbe work of her paid help, especially If tbe help knows less thnn she does?" "My dear boy," said I, "do the way 00 per ceut of us do marry nnd trust to luck." SAVAGE ATHLETICS. Canary Islanders Who Would Have Mads Good Ball Players. In this a go of athletics one might think that no pcupln ever showed so much Interest In foals of muscular might nnd skill ns those who hnve per fected ' football, but modern games, and even the games of the Greeks nt Olyiiipin, may havo been mora than I matched by the sports of peoples now I held lu light esteem. Wo have tho ac- counts of excellent authorities for the contention that tho athletic training of i Canary Islanders makes even tho col- lego giants of today seem weak nnd ' effeminate. I These islands enme Into subjection I to Spain about tho time Columbus dls ' covered Amerlcn. Tho couquest wns due solely to the superiority of Euro pean weapons Hnd not to better skill and prowess. Nntlve soldiers were trained athletes developed under a.sys tem thnt bold athletic sports to be an Important business, like military drill. Spanish chronicles hnvo left nccounts of sports of the Islanders. From baby hood they were trained lo be brisk In self defense. As soon ns they could toddle the children were pelted with mud balls that they might learn how to protect themselves. When they wero boys stones and wooden darts wero substituted for bits of clay. In this rough school they acquired the rudiments of wnrfnre which en- nblod them during their wnrs to cntch in their bnnds the arrows shot from their enemies' crossbows. After the conquest of tbe Canaries a nntlve of the Islands was seen at Se ville who, for a silver piece, let a man throw at blm as many stones as he pleased from a distance of eight paces. Without moving his left foot he avoid ed every stone. Another native used to defy 'any one to hurl an orange nt him with so great rapidity that, ho could not catch it. Three men tried this, each with a dozen oranges, and tho Islander caught every orange. As a further test ho hit his antagonists with ench of the oranges. St. Louis Republic. Stopping Hiccough. Hiccough Is a distressing nnd some times a dangerous complaint. Many times a swallow of wnter will stop It If simple nicujures full tho following has been found very efficacious: The nerves that produce biccou. i nre near the surface of the neck. They mny be reached and compressed by placing two fingers right In the center of the top of the breastbone between the two cords that run up either side of the neck and pressing Inward, downward and outward. ' A few minutes' pressure of this kind will stop tbe most obsti nate hiccough. Dr. Charles S. Moody In Outlngr A Gentleman and Boota. The "first gentleman In Europe" got the very worst definition of a gentle man from bis valet when driving down to Brighton. Tbe prince regent was arguing about the gentleman and final ly turned to bis valet. And tbe valet replied that a gentleman was one who did not clean his own boots. It was a flunky's reply. One likes better tho demand of tbe Duke of Wellington. "Give me men who enn sleep in their boots." London Graphic. Snubbed. ., - Hamm Do you recognize the profes sion? Ticket Man Yes, but if you'll stand out of the line quietly I won't give you away. Cleveland Leader. A Friendly Greeting. "How did you enjoy your vacation?"' "Fine! It made a new man of me!" "I congratulate your wjfe." Ex " ' TOWER 0FJ.0MD0N. The Picturesque Old Structure on the Banks of the Thames. Tho Tower of London is one of (lie inosi ph inh-sipie pint'os in nil Eng. laud, it is loomed o.i ni: north bank of I he Th. linos nnd. just east of the business disirict of London It occu pies nlioiii twelve acres ami in sur rounded by a blond and shallow luonl. lu feudal (lays It was one of the strongest fortresses In the country nnd was deemed impregmihle. It Is now II government storehouse and iilinor.v and, above nil, one of the sights of London. The liioal. which, with the ha 1 1 le nient and lowers, makes tho stone structure such a hoary nntlqhlty, Is bordered within by a lofty rnstelhiteil wall. At frequent Intervals of this pari of the structure there nre massive flunking towers. Within llils wall rises nnolhcr of similar construction, but of greater height. Here are the vnriotis barracks and tirniorles. In the center of all Is the, lofty keep or donjon known us the While tower. This was erevled In tho days of William (he Conqueror and contains one of the most charm ing little chapels of Norman design which have remained till the present day. ' Tho White tower wns (he court of the I'lniitngenet kings. In (he north west corner Is St. Teter's chape!, now the garrison church. In another pari Is the Jewel office, containing crown jewels of enormous value. One set which you see In the center of a case Is said alone to be worth .about $15. 000.000. Nearby Is tho horse armory, contain ing a truly wonderful collection of an cient and mediaeval arms and armor, lu the court Just beyond Is a slab marking the spot where Anne lloloyn. wlfo of Henry VIII.. was beheaded Similar fates befell many other fa mous personages in English history within (he great walls of tho Tower of London.-Huston Herald. NIPPED THE REVOLT. Dramatio Manner In Which Zelaya Caged the Conapirators. Zelaya, the extraordinary nino who for sixteen years retained the presi dency of Nicaragua, only (o lose It be cause he went too fur In cITciidlug the' government of the Lulled .Stales, was never satisfied unless he performed his coups d'cliils In Hie most drntmitlc fashion possible. This story the New York Sun tells of him: His spies once brought hlni Informa tion that u revolution was being plan ned by several of his army officers. They wero to meet on a certain eveu lng at the house of one of the conspir ators to arrange the final details. Whllo they were eugerlydlscusslng (lie best way to seize the president the door opened and lu walked Zehiyn himself. "Good evening,, gentlemen," be said pleasantly. "I heard you had a party hero this evening, and I have dropped in to Bhnre the fun. (Julie a distin guished gathering. You nre discussing military mutters, no doubt." He went on. chatting affably for a half hour, while his enemies were torn with fear and suspense, hid he know of the plot? 'Most of them thought he did and wondered whether they bail better not put a bullet in him at once. But he was so cordial, so thoroughly at ease, that they hesitated. Presently he rose, poured out some wino and raised his glass. "A toast, gentlemen," he said. "Here's long life to tbe president ofj Nicaragua and confusion to all trai tors!" As he spoke be hurled the glass against the window, where it smnshed in pieces with a crash. Tbe door flew open, and thirty or forty soldiers, who had been waiting outsldo for the sig nal, rushed In. All the plotters were convicted, but the president dealt leniently with' them. Kome were Im prisoned and. some exiled, but none wns shot. - How Weasels Carry Eggs. One morning a weasel was surprised crossing the public highway leading, from Jedburgh luto Oxnuin vVater. It was observed to be carrying some! bins under Its chin aud pressed ngalnst Its slender neck, and when a collie dog belonging to one of tbe onlookers made a dash at the little creature It dropped Its burden a hen's egg-nnd. gilding under the roadside hedge, dis appeared In the woodlund. On being picked up the egg was found to be without a crack. The nearest poultry run Is about 300 yards distant from the place where tbe weasel was Inter cepted. Scotsman. ' 8piteful. Patl.mce I hear you're engaged to be married. ' Patrice Where in tbe world did you hear that? - "My maid told me." "How did she bear It?" "A policeman told her." "More mystery. How came a police man to know It?" "Why, tbe man you're engaged to told him when tbe officer was taking him home!" Yonkers Statesman. The Judge's Joke. Sheriff Guy Is responsible for a court of session story. Once when tbe pres ent lord justice, "Clerk, was conduct ing a jury trial be made a small jest. Tbe audience thought ' It Its duty to lausb. "Sllencel" shouted the macer in measured tones. "There's nothing to laugh at:"-Westmluster Gazette. A Shocking Question. Traveling Mau (to hotel clerk at counter) Can I take a bath here? Clerk (indignant) No, sir; hire a room. I.Ipplncott's. . Party's Fate or One Vols. ' " Instances are. coulmon enough la elections wlieu a sluglo voto l.irns the scale, but fur thnt vote to decide not only the fate of a candidate, but of as purty as well, is rare. Yet a majori ty of olio lu parliament, which mny logically depend on a majority of one lu tbe country, lias worked some of the most momentous results possible The clusslcnl exeuiplo is tho act of union of 1700, certainly among the largest, most Important and most remarkable changes ever accomplished by a legis lative body. One hundred and six voted for it and 105 against. Then a majority of one carried the great re form bill lu 1832. Majorities only a Utile bigger hnve again nnd again been responsible for furrenchlng consequences. A majori ty of 'five threw out tho Melbourne government In 1830. By the same fig ure Lord John itussell's government wns defented lu 18(1(1. Gladstone went out of office lu 1873 becnuso bo lacked three votes, and the public education act, one of the most Important ever passed, was placed on the statute book by a majority of two. Loudon Chronicle. Wild Dogs of Asia. The whole tribe of wild dogs, which In closely allied forms ore to be found In the wildest Jungles nnd woods of Asln, from the Himalayas lo Ceylon and from China to the Taurus unless the "golden wolves" of the Itomnn em pire are now extinct In the forests of Asia Minor show au Individual and corporate courage which entitles them to a high place among Ibe most dar ing of wild creutures. The "red dogs," to give tbem their most characteristic name, are neither large In size nor do tbey assemble In lnrgo packs. Those which have been from time to tlmo measured and described seem to aver age some three feet In length from tbe nose to the root of the tall. The pack seldom numbers more than nine or teu, yet there Is sufficient evidence that they are willing and able to destroy any .creature thnt Inhabits the Jungle, except the adftt elephant and perhaps j tho rhinoceros, creatures whose great Blze ana leathery hide make them al most Invulnerable to such enemies as dogs. London Spectator. London's Big Ben. Why Is the large belt In tho tower of the house of parliament In London culled Big Ben? Tho average London er hlmBclf seems to have no Idea how It got Its name. When tho building was designed Sir Benjamin Hall bad a great deal to do with carrying out the plans of the architects, being high commissioner of public works, and bis coworkers appreciated tho fact that to. him the city of London wns largely in debted. So when tho question came up in parliament ns to the nnino of the enormous bell thnt was to bo bung lu the tower n member shouted, "Why I not call It Big Ben?" Thin suggestion was received with much applause as well ns with roars of laughter, for Sir lienjainin was an enormous man, uotn lu hclghl'utid girth, and had often been culled Big Ben. From that day on the bell whoso peal every Londoner knows has been known only as Big Bun. Hn flier's Weekly. I Mighty In Titlee. Tbe ruler of Turkey, In addition to the titles sultan and kha-kban (high prince and lord of lords), also claims sovereignty over most districts, towns, cities and states In tbe orient, specify ing each by name and setting out in each of his various titles "all tbe forts, citadels, purlieus . and neighborhood thereof In regular legal form. His of ficial designation ends, "Sovereign also of diverse nations, states, peoples and races on the face of tho earth." All this Is in addition to his blgb position as "head of the faithful" and "su preme lord of all tbe followers of tbe prophet," "direct and only lieutenant on earth of Mohammed." i i the Seal of pgwaBSvPBMasMasaaM A" ' h world you will find that Vlt-:'X!'T4 k 'reMea' "omen endorse and up- NisiljHJl feW hold the "J. & K." Shoe. ' ' Vlx' jHr v They find ,hat ' fit bett" hid' ' ' ' iti?' y ' - Til '1pe 'onKer n' s"'ve betto "vice than nVtSv f'Vj any shoe they can buy for the same money. lS Oar Stock is Very Complete Now Call and examine the new ideas in low cut effects for .Spring. ' - You will be pleased beyond, measure. .iHL .-.mm- THE "J.&K." SEAL MEANS STYLE EXCLUSIVENESS BING-STOKE COMPANY Reynolds villc. Pa. - t f u Fx, O h W X h a . o p . a o 1-1 Q to I 3 0 CO 0 JOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS. .T,IB,. stockholders "t the Jnfrnrson and Ulenrflald lionl and Iron Company, a eiiriMirHllon orxanlwil anil exiting under the Ilium of the Oommonweallh of PnnriHVl viinla, with Its principal olhoe at Ken olilnyllln, Jefferson county, I'lnrmylvauJa, are hereby notlHed that a meotlni will be hf.lfl nr. Ill n'el.mls a ... j of .Inly, A. I). 1010 at the Kminral onice of sulci company, totakn action on the approval or disapproval of the pronomxi Increase of tho ImlelitoriiiBiM of said corporation, In f , , Y " "', mowing resolutions, which wnre adopted by a majority of the -n re Hoard of II rectors of the JelTereoa ana Olearflo d Coal and Iron Comuany, to- ri'E5.I'VEri' ,ThHt. ,he 'ndnbfednoss of theJcfToMon ft OhiBrflnld Coal ft Iron Uom nany lie Increased from Two Million, One llundrnd and orty one Thousand t.l41 Out)) Del are to Four Mlilin mi ii..J a ' '!?lyV!'Sl(?UM2,', .MI.0lXi) Dollars." HMOLVKI), That a mmuin of the stockholders be called to convene at the Keneriil office of this company on the 12th day of July, A. I), two, to take action on the approval or disapproval of tho proposed Increase of the (ndebtednese of this com pany, and t hat the secretary be and Is here . by law" 1,6 notlL'e tn,,reo' as required May 10, 1W0. Secretary. JjJXECUTOft'S NOTICE. Estate of the late Mrs. Sarah Welsh, of Keynoldsvllle. Notice Is hereby (tlven that letters testa mentary on the (ml ale of Mrs. Sarah Welsh, late of Keynoldsvllle borough, county of Jefferson and state of Pennsylvania, de ceased, have been granted to the under signed, to whom all persons Indebted to said estate are requested to make paymenVand those having claims or demands will make known the same without delay. v. J. Kbr, Executor Exclusive Style
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers