PAGE TWO THE CITIZEN. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1912. 00O Suicide of Nogi With the Whole A Spartan, Trained For War, He Was Unsparing of Himself and His Men. 000 THE suicide oC General Count Nogl nud his wife 011 the occa sion of tin.' funenil of tho Into wiiperor Mubmhito of Jnpnu, straiiKo as It pounds to western ears, was, after nil, In hooping with the whole life nnil character of tlio roan. In nil that he illd, In whnt no required of himself no les tlinn of thoeo who served under him, the dead poldlcr represented n sterner ago and a more self forgetting principle than aro com mon under occidental civilization. IIo was on mural lxni, and ns a samurai ho died, carrying out to tlie Inat ex treme that devotion to the memory of his mnster which Is summed up In that curious doctrine of Bushldo. The man who could hear without re pining that his two sons had been slain In one battle and could order through all the long months of the siege of Tort Arthur wave after wave of his gnllsnt Httlo soldiers to certain death before Uusslan guns and bay onets was only carrying out the tench, ings of his creed when he refwed to survive the monarch by whose virtues his own military glory had been won. Count Maresuko Nogl was born In IS 19 a ChoNhu samurai and was grown to manhood before tho great Japanese awakening. Ilia birth des tined him to tho profession of arms, and like a Spartan lad the wbolo of his training was directed to train him in hardihood and valor. When ho wns only fourteen ho was studying tho art of war at tlie capital of the lord of the Choshu, and to fit hitueclf for the service of his superiors he set himself to subdue "every natural desire. Ho schooled himself to disregard pain, to think little of personal pleasure, oven to soom lndlfferont to bis own family, and above all to pcorn tho fear of death. With this end In view, ho fasted for long periods, traveled barefoot on frosty mornings and took long Jour neys In the fiercest summer heat. It Is even said that In order to harden him self to the sight of blood he attended executions and dabbled hl3 bands in the blood of the victims. So H came about that when tho Sateuma rebellion began he was one of tho sternest of the lighters. lie wis in command of the Fourteenth regiment and before the revolution came to an end hnd been twice wounded severely. During the period In which Japan was preparing herself for tlie great Btruggles which have raised hex to a front place among the nations General Nogl was studying the art of war and imbuing himself with all Uint modern science could add to tho wonderful training In hardihood which was his by racial tradition. During the Chino Japanesc war ho was In command of the First brigade nnd took part in nn attack on Port Arthur, which was aft erward to bo tlie scono of hta great military exploit. The place was then nothing like as well fortified as it was by the Russians, nnd its defense was feeble in comparison with tho resist ance of General Stoessel, but it is a fuir supposition that whan Japan crossed swords with its northern neigh bor It was the oxperienco and the knowledge that he gained in tho earlier war which partly caused General No pi's selection to assail tho Busalan stronghold with the third Japanese nriny Siege of Port Arthur. The history of tho great siege of Port Arthur Is one of tho most notable In tho history of war. Nogi landed at Petslwo on May 4, 1001, and occupied Dnlny four days later. The communi cations of Port Arthur with the north were thus cut, and from that time on the grip of Nogi on tins fortress began to tighten. Tho actual Investment was not complete lieforo July 30, bnt for two months the Japanese commander had been skillfully driving the Russians back and resisted successfully every attempt of Stoessel to break through his lines. It was not till tho first day of tho new year that Nogl was victorious, but in all his siege operations one characteristic stands out his absolute ly remorseless use of his men. Twice before the lliml assault on tho 203 Meter hill, which determined tho fate of tho garrison, thcro were three days of general assaults. To tho Russians, hidden behind their breastworks and covered by their redoubts, they were terrible enough, but to tho Japanese army they wero almost incredible trials of courage. An oyewltness on tlio Russian eldo thus describes tho third attack of Aug. 21, 1004, after tho Japanese assault had been beaten off at 11 p. in. and 2 a. in.: "At 3 a. m. a third attack commenc ed, nnd It seemed oa if tho passion less, cold hearted Nogl had sentenced the last of his troops to death. Slo signal was givou, nnd a fresh woj of living flesh and blood rolled forward. This tlmo it was tho attack thoJprlng of a maddened, wounded, blooddrnnlt herd of tigers, not men. Our truly awful flro was of no avail. Tho mass roared forward with tho strength of a tidal wave." On this occasion tho little brown boJ aiflrs recoiled, leaving behind them on Was In Keeping Life of the Man Success In War With Rus sia Gave Him Rank Among Great Captains. ooo tho Are swept heights no fewer than 22,000 of tholr comrades. It was tho apparent callousness of Nogl's strate gy which staggered tho world, nnd yot in it ooukl bo discerned a deliberate design. Under tho guns of Port Arthur lay tho Russian fleet, and half around tho work! was coming tho fleet of Ro Jostvcusky to unito with them. In tho north of Korea tho Russians wero growing dairy stronger in splto of many defeats, nnd dny by day tho ox cheqocr of Jnpan was feeling tho ef fects of the war. It wns nbsolutoly noceosnry to capture Port Arthur at all coats os quickly n possible., and Kogi coolly, but not cruelly, determin ed to spend his men lavishly m com pleting the taBk which tt was their duty to perform. Death of His Two Sons. What ho asked his men to faco ho was willing to accept for hlmnolf. When tho nowa enmo of tho death of his son at' tho battle of Nanshan ho turned to his wife nnd wild: "Do not have any funeral ceremonies yet. My sons and I offered our lives th stcrrf oia ynrfiufnr ITo had bow created n baron In 1805 and now wni elovnted to tho rank of count His work over, ho retired to qulot llfo, tnk. ing with htm tho Arab chargor which Stoctiml hod profcontcd him at the fall of Port Arthur nnd tlio horses which lio tuul ridden all through tho cam paign ami wero now given him by tho nation. IIo wns a member of tho supreme military council of Japan, one of tlio famous older stntostnen, nnd nmld nil his honors preserved tho same charac teristics of tho stern, solf rontrnlned soldier to whom discipline wns part of his nature and duty Ills only nlm. Only onco did ho leave Jnpiin, when bo wont to England to attend tho coro nation of King George V. an the ropro oanttivo of tho emperor, whom ho hfw rofUHod to survive In all his prlvnto Ufo ho remained nn unassuming and rotlrlng ns If ho hnd not performed ouo of tho greatest military fonts of mod ern times. What Harakiri Is. Ilnmklrl, or self dlsombowolment, is the nntlonal form of honorablo sulcldo. It waa originally tho method of self destruction permitted to royal offenders in feudal times. Harakiri Is said to have been tho growth of medieval militarism. Nobles practiced it hi tho oarly daya to pro vent thomselves from falling Into tho hands of tho enemy. As early ns tlio fourteenth contury tho custom of com mitting harakiri had boeoroo a much valued prlvllogn. Unrnklri was of two kinds obligatory and voluntary. In tho first kind, which wns tho moro an cient, a noblo who had offended or had boon disloyal to his ruler would ro colvo a Jeweled dagger from tho mika do and a notification that lio had a certain number of days In which to kill himself with It. The offender made Ooorrifiht by Undorwood & Underwood. THE LATE GENERAL COUNT MABESTJKE N0QL to tho emperor wlicn this war began. Ono service may in a little tlmo do for tho threo of us." With Port Arthur captured, Nogi and tho remains of his army were sot free to Join tbo main body of tho Japan, who under Field Marshal Oyama were steadily prowlng tho Russians out of Korea. Ho arrived on tho northern sceno of operations m tlmo to take part in tho great battle of Mukden and in this co oo was intrusted with a vast turning movement, which, if it did not require tho mm rolentlesa determina tion oa tho storming of tho Port Arthur heights, demanded military skill of the hlghet order. NogTs corps was on tbo left of OyamaB position, nnd bo re eetvod ordern to march duo north, be tween tho Sha river and tho Hun to turn Kuropntktn's right. IIo showed in tills march all tlw dash nnd energy which hod been proved nt Port Ar thur and carried tho feoWo Russian re sistance completely before him. Nogi showed signs of crumpling up tho en tiro Russian right nnd establishing hlnmotf on Kuropntktn's line of re treat. To prevent tho ro-enforcetnent of tho Rnssinn right it fell to Kuroki nnd Nodxu on tbo Japnneso center nnd right to pnciifteo their corps in fierce attacks on tho Russlnn position, and to them, porhnps, fell the fiercest fl(ibt. ing, but nothing could excel tho driv ing force of Nogi'B advance, nnd the sucoesn of this movement has lecn de clared by competent military critics to havo been directly responsible for the downfnll of tho Russian nrmy. Ho forced Kuropatkln's men back on thomsolvps till they wero crowded Into a small position, raked from threo sides by artillery flro, and ho prossod on till ton days from tho tlmo that ho had liegun his groat turning movement ho had established himself squarely across tho RuBslan retreat Only onco was ho checked, four days before tho end of tho groat conflict wben Kuropatkin hlnwolf sent forward first forty bat talions and tbon led himself elxty-flvc in nn effort to break through tho en emy's linos. Tbo valor of tho Russians caused real anxiety in tho Jn panose headquar ters, but tbo stern determination of Nogi wns chocked, not defeated. He roochod Kuropatkln's roar, and the Russian army became a mob. To no general returning from Uw war ne a greater vrolcomo given than to elaborate preparations for bis suicide and disemboweled himself on a raised dais whllo his friends sat around In a setnlcirck) and watched his death. Tlio operation consists in plunging a dagger Into tho stomach on tho left sldo and drawing rt to tlio right and upward. Tho victim's dagger in an cient tlmoa waa taken to ttio mikado oa ovideooo that tho heroic act had boon committod. Voluntary harnklrl, which baa long survived in Japan, is committed by persons as proof of loyalty to a dead superior, and sometimes m a public protest against what tho suicide be lieved to bo n falso nntlonal policy. In 1B01 Lieutenant Takcyoshl killed himself by harakiri near tho grow of his ancestors bocnuso lie felt that his national government was not sufilcleiit ly vigorous In taking precautions against possiblo Russian encroach ments in the nortliern part of Japan. It has boon no uncommon tiling for Japanese women to kill themselves for Similar reasons, but Instead of cutting tnoir stomachs tliey slash their throats. It la asserted that in Japan each year nt least l,r00 haraklris aro com mitted, nearly ono-half being volun tary. Friends of tho victims tako much grim pleasure in relating stories of tlio bmve manner in which tlio deed is done. A BILLION DOLLAR CROP. Northwest Harvest Will Net $1430,000,. 000 Over Last Year. Tho vnluo of tbo crops nnd livo stock products of tlio farms of Minnesota. North Dukota, Soutli Dnkotn, northern Iowa, Montana and western Wiscon sin this year will aggregate a billion dollars, according to careful estimnfos mado by tlie Farmer. Tho publication also looks forward to tho biggest do mand for machinery nnd supplies in tho history of the northwest It Is estlmntod that tho farmers of fho Dakotas, Minnesota and Montana aro harvesting flold crops worth $5130.. 000,000 at prosont If this estimate is true tho year's earnings will sliow nn tocroneo of $100,000,000 over Uw crop valuo for this section in 1011. Pyi-you. enter Cars In England. Tho first pny-a-you-ontcr ears in England wero Introduced laet Juno on the Gateshead, Newcastle. Inclosing a 8tamp. Touch your tpnguo to tlio center of tho gummed Bide of a stamp, press tho latter gently to tho corner of a letter sheet and tho recipient will be nblo to removo It readily without dnm nglng the stamp. This plan leaves the muellago intact all around tho stamp, nnd it enn be used without danger of Its dropping off tlio envelope. Assurance. Strictly, "assuranco" is applied only to tho contract for llfo Insurance, the other term, "Insurance," being reserved for tho remaining forms of contract for Insurance. Aluminium. Ono of tho most widely distributed elements is aluminium, for It Is estl mntod that about a twelfth of tho earth's crust at least Is composed of that material. Tlio metal exists only as n compound hi nature. One of Its most interesting properties Is Its ci tremo lightness, for its specific grav ity Is only ZJM, about one-third that of iron. It resists corrosion well and Is a good conductor of electricity. Denmark. Nearly ono-half of tho peoplo of Den mark livo exclusively by agriculture. Clay Pipes. Justin McCarthy went to London in 1852 nnd found clay pipes In fashion. "It wns thought quite the right tiling for a man of fashion to appear In the broad day with a clny plpo in his mouth," ho wrote. "Many a young man stuck n clay plpo In his mouth nnd pretonded to bo a real gentleman." Many of Them Do. tt is eney enough to be pleaoant When everything gtxa JuBt rlgbt But tho girl worth whllo 13 the plrl who can smllo When her shoes aro much too tight Chlcnco IUtoord-UoraM. Usual Way. Mrs. Powers I will never forget the things you sold to mo before wo were married. Mr. Powers Bet a hundred you won'tl II ad I known that you had such a good memory I wouldn't have married you. Philadelphia holo graph. OnhancHcapplng. Maud Why does Kate tako off her jrodding ring whenever sho sits down to road a novel T Ethel Becauso Bho enjoys rending ono bettor if sho can temporarily for got that ehcfa marrlodv Boston Tran script Turned Down. Elhv-That young farmer tried to kiss mo, saying that ho had Dover kiss ed a girt before. Btella What did you ten hlml Ella That I was no agricultural ex Deiimcnt station. Now York Press. -The fair, tho great fair soon. ABSOLUTE SECURITY, Wayne County Savings Bank HONESDALE, PA., 1871 41 YEARS OF SUCCESS 1912 BECAUSE we have been transacting a SUCCESSFUL banking business CONTINUOUSLY since 1S71 and are prepared and qualified to renderVALU ABLE SERVICE to our customers. BECAUSE of our HONORABLE RECORD for FORTY ONE years. BECAUSE of SECURITY guaranteed by our LARGE CAPITAL and SURPLUS of 550,000 00. BECAUSE of our TOTAL ASSETS of $3,000,000.00. BECAUSE GOOD MANAGEMENT has mado us tho LEADING FINANCIAL INSTITUTION of Wayno county. BECAUSE of these reasons we confidently ask you to become a depositor. COURTEOUS treatment to all CUSTOMERS whether their account is LARGE or SMALL. INTEREST allowed from the FIRST of ANY MONTH on Deposits mado on or before tho TENTH of tho month. OFFICERS : W. B. HOLMES, PRESIDENT. II. S. SALMON, Cashier. HON. A. T. SEARLE, Vlcc-Prosldcnt. W. J. WARD, Asst. Cashier T. B. CLARK, E. W. GAMMELL W. P. SUYDAM, DIRECTORS : H. J. CONGER. W. B. HOLMES, C. J. SMITH, H. S. SALMON. J. W. PARLEY, P. P. KIMBLE, A. T. SEARLE, Advertise in THE CITIZEN YOUNG MARRIED PEOPLE Th "BUYUAHOM" ReafWaFy --HAS AN IDEAL HOME FOR YOU With all modern conveniences located in one of the finest and healthiest sec tions of Honesdale. Don't Worry About Getting a Home Let the "Buyuahom" Realty Company worry for you. Information cheerfully given Drop a postal to P. 0. Box 524, Honesdale, Pa,, and we will tell you all about this unusually rare bargain. LIST OP PROPERTIES IN HONESDALE, PA.: Vacant lots at Blandln; 1 dwelling house- on Park street, Honesdale; 1 dwelling houBo on Court etroot, Honesdalo;2 dwelling houses on East Street Extension; 1 dwelling house- and vacant lot on 16th streot; 1 dwelling house on 13th streot; 1 dwelling house on 17th stroot. Also farms, hotels, and business properties.
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