PHOTOGRAPH OF A TYPICAL BOER SOLDIER. On his never-tiring little horse, the Boer soldier rides to every fight. The horses are left in the rear arid the farmer soldiers walk into battle. The ltoer wears no uniform aud carries his cartridges in a belt about his chest and wherever else he can store them. After the fight he mounts again. This explains the mobility of the Boer forces. OOQOOOOGOQQOOOOOOOOQOQOQOO I THE BLACK PERIL | § OF SOUTH AFRICA § o o O Zulus and Basutos Menace Both o O Boer and Briton. § OOOOOOOOOOCOOGOCOCOOOOOOOO F the Zulus seize theoppor | tunity offered by the Trans it vaal war to strike for free dom, England would have / her bauds full. Should the (/ bold Basutos join arms with r i their fierce cousins, South Africa would become hot * ' soil for the British foot for many long months to come. Both of these uprisings are threat ened; both are greatly feared. The A RICH ItASUTO. Zulu situation iu particular is watched with anxious eye. England for a while was overmatched in the last Zulu war ami victory was bought in the end with rivers of English blood. Scarcely any greater misfortune could como just now than an uprising such as this. The Zulu is undoubtedly the best native fighter of South Africa. He is physically a splendid savage—fierce, powerful and enduring. Add to this the momory of a magnificent past, the ,traditions and courage of a race un whipped except by white men, and by them only at fearful odds, and you have a worthy foeman. The Zulus r—s»p?®E DEBATE IN THE BASUTO VAMLAbWtf!^ yielded to the away of England through force indeed, but the fight they made then was one to keep alive the hope of a better ending for renewed struggle. The secret of the Zulu power lies. first, in organization, and second, in the tradition of victory. Organization under the great chieftain Tshaka at the beginning of the present century gave them their first superiority over other savago tribes, and an unending seiies of victories for half a century or more produced a race of rare cour age and warlike prowess. The story of it describes the Zulu of to-day. What is now known as Zululand—a wild country, bounded on the north by the Transvaal, on the south and west by Natal and on the easj/; by the sea—was then divided among several savage tribes, of • which the Zulus were one of the weakest. The chief of a neighboring tribe, the Umtetwas, plotted the murder of his two sons, one of whom, however, escaped, and in his wanderings fell in with the British, the organization of whose forces he noted with shrewd under standing. After his father's death he jeturned to his tribe, was made chief, and proceeded to organize his warriors into brigades, regiments and compan ies, British fashion, and had remark able success iu warfare. One of his lieutenants was a youth of fierce and restless energy. He was the son of a conquered chieftain and his name was Tshaka. He studied the organization of the Umtetwa army zealously and saw in it wonderful things not accomplished by his wise but mild chieftain. He made up his mind that some day his own chance would come. Winning consideration, Tshaka was finally, as a reward, appointed chief of the weak tribe of Zulus. He organ ized them perfectly, and when the chief of the Umtetwas was killed in battle Tshaka announced the indepen dence of the Zulus and upheld it bv force. This done Tshaka started into make the Zulu power supreme. He attacked his weaker neighbors first, and with every victory absorbed the young warriors into his own army and destroyed the old men, women and children. Iu this way his own army grew marvelously, and his conquered neighbors lost recuperative power and eventually identity. He divided his young warriors into regiments, distinguishing each regi ment by dffferent colored shields, and established with rewards a competi tive spirit among regiments. He trained them to advance and attack in solid formation, something new in South African savage -warfare, and he developed the close quarters attack with the short stabbing assegai or spear, so generally used among South African tribes. Then he established an inviolate law that any soldier returning from battle without assegai or shield, or with a wound in the back, should be executed as a coward. By another law young soldiers werg forbidden wives until after long servioe, unless meantime they earned tbem by dis tinguished bravery in the field. Absolute discipline was inculcated. An expedition never knew its destina tion and purpose until far from home. In attacking the first onslaught was always in solid formation, supported on either side by wings of skirmishers. Flank movements were a regular manoeuvre, and as effective iu savage as in civilized warfare. It can easily be seen how the Zulns, under suoh a system, swept all before them. The undisciplined sav ages of the plains and forests weut down like grain before the reaper. And every new tribe subjugated was ruthlessly amalgamated into the vic torious nation. The Zulus swept the coast, subju gated Natal and pushed their fierce, bloody sway far inland. The terror of their name passed far north and far south. Nor was there limit to their ravages until the Dutch settled in Natal. Then began a series of fieroe fights in which the white man and the rifle finally triumphed and the Zulu power was broken, or at least reduced to the point of non-interference with the movements of the Dutch and the Eng lish, who soon after swarmed over the land. But while taught to respect the white man, the Zulu nursed his tradi tions, his pride and his ferocity. It was a disgrace in his eyes to labor ex cept in the prosecution of war. Un der Cetewayo, the great chief whose power England broke in a war iu which she met several terrible re verses and lost hosts of splendid men, the Zulu was at heart the Zulu of the great Tshaka's days. And this is the people who now threaten to avail of England's troubles to regain their freedom. Thty are the name in spirit and are rich in re sentment. For years they have nursed their wrongs. What they have lost in savage fierceness by a genera tion of peaceful subjection is more NATIVE rOLICEME.V OF THE PKOVfNCE OF NATAL, 8. A. i than matched, say recent writers, by their gains iu knowledge. They still retain their terrible stabbing assegai, but they have added the rifle, and are splendid marksmen. They dream of restoring the splendors of thoir past, and if they rise can be counted a ter rible foe. Zululaud to-dny has a population of about a hundred and eighty thousand natives and less than fifteen hundred whites. The only occupation of the natives is the raising of cattle. There are 8900 square miles iu the district and the government ia a British pro tectorate. ZI'LU BOYS AT THEIP. MIDDAY MEAL "MEALIE PAP." The Basutos, while by no means the peers iu war of the Zulus, occupy a strong position. Basutoland is bounded by Cape Colony, the Orange Free State and Natal. They have only 600 Europeans in their entire territory. The country is a splendid grain pro ducer, and the Basutos are thrifty and rich. There are wild mountain dis tricts to serve in time of need. They were once a warlike power of some consequence, and in 1879 they stood off England in a war over dis armament to a compromise by which the Cape Government has since paid them 390,000 a year toward the cost of government. They are in large measures self-, governing—of course, under British dictation—and enjoy a considerable measure of civilization. About fifty thousand out of a population of two hundred and twenty thousand have been converted to Christianity. In one of t'aa accompanying large illustrations is Bhown a meeting of the most extraordinary parliament, perhaps, that ever came together to discuss State affairs. This congrega tion of ebony skinned politicians is the Kaffir Parliament of Basutoland, which lies to the northeast of Cape Colony, and ia consequently intimately assooiated with the present African muddle. These Basntos number over 200,000, and oocupy the finest grain A ZULU WARRIOR. and grass producing territory iu South Africa. The capital of the country is Maseru, with a population of GOO, and it is here that the native parliament meets to discuss matters of State. Basutoland is really a British protec torate, but the imperial authorities interfere very little with the liberties and ways of the natives, the only white official being a resident com missioner who levies a very small "hut tax" ou the uatives in return for which they receive the protection of British troops along their frontier. Handling Large Military Force*. Some of the practical difficulties of handling large military forces may be inferred from the following statements in T. Miller Maguire's "Outlines of Military Geography:" "A Britibh division on the march along an ordinary main road without an advanced guard would be five miles in length. If the modern Ger man army were put iu motion the whole military road from the Rhine to the Russian frontier would be thickly crowded with soldiers, guns and transports. Jf an army corps ol 30,000 men and 10,000 horses rests for a day or two preparatory to a battle or during a siege it eats up all pro visions procurable iu a piece of rich country uine miles long by five miles wide." An Accidental Consequence of a KUn. Webster Snider, of Sullivan, Ind., went to Terre Haute to have a piece of knitting needle removed from his arm where it found lodgment when his sweetheart was playfully resisting his effort to kiss her. Snider says that when bidding the young lady good night he attempted to kiss her. She resisted and there was a scuffle. He kissed her and in doing so ran his arm against the needle, which she held in her hand. It penetrated the arm four or five inches and three inches of it broke off iu the arm. The X-ray was used by the surgeon and the piece of the needle was re moved. An Arizona Curiosity. This enormous cactus grows near Phoenix, and is one of the curiosities of that region. It is about forty feet high, and its great size may be easily noted from a comparison of its height " "I A CHANT CACTUS. with that of the men standing under it. The cactus fiber is used for roof ing of huts in Arizoua and otiier States wtwre it is found. STORY OF A MALARIA GERM. What One of Thein Han to Contend With in the Human System. Theodora Waters, in Ainslee'a. has edited the life-story of a malaria germ. Here is the germ's description of a light with the phagocytes: "Just then a lot of our uew-born brothers began crowding upon lis from behind, and when wo turned to remonstrate we saw, away to the rear, a grand com mot%n. A fight and a retreat were going on. It wai slaughter of the most horrible kind. There at the head of a tide of blood were columns of phagocytes cutting into the rear guard of malaria germs, killing them, swallowing thorn whole and growing lustier as the process weut on. It was an awful spectacle. I huug back, fas cinated. A phagocyte would race down the current with a swift, over hand stroke, reach out and grasp a microbe from behind. Then the arm of the phagocyte would shorten, and, as it seemed to me, retreat into the white monster's interior, dragging the germ with it. Sometimes a phago cyte would grow facetious, and would bmnp against a poor germ as though shouldering him out of the road. Away would go the poor germ, swim ming fast iu order to avoid the en counter, but his enemy would then swim faster, strikiug him fair iu the middle, and with a slow motion going inside out like a glove, and actually takiug the germ in with him. I'gh! I should have remained there in a sheer spell if my companion had not pulled me along with him. " 'Make for a red blood cell,' he called as we went onward. "'What,' said I, 'a red call? Wa have just come from one!' "'Nevermind,' he replied, 'liud a red cell and eat your way inside. It is our only chance. See, the others are doing it!' "Sure enough, many of my brethren had selected good red blood colls and were penetrating the skin and climb ing iußide to escape the phagocytes. It seemed to me so unfortunate, just as we had gained our free dom, but it was better thau death. Ho we looked for cells. Every cell we came to, how ever, was beiug occupied, audit seemed to me that the phagocytes were gaining on us when my com panion suddenly pulled me to one side aud cried: " 'Look out! Look out! Keep away from that current near the cen tre there. It is worse than death!' " 'What is it?' I cried, for I could see nothing. " 'Don't you see?' he said, hugging the wall of the tunnel, 'there it is, that discolored streak, running near tho centre of the stream. It is caused by what men call quinine, and it is deadly if you swim iu it.' " 'How does it affect you?' I asked. " 'lf you swallow it, it numbs you —makes you incapable of motion— stupefies and prevents you climbing into a red blood cell—it is living death, aud a friend of the phago cytes !' "I shiulderel and swam oil. At the and of a sewer-like opening, my friend darted to one side aud seized a red blood cell which was unoccupied. He began work on it at once. " '(iood-by, brother!' he said. 'Here is where I stop. I've work to do. Hope you'll get out of the wet before our white friends catch you. Look out for the quinine streaks.' " i;»ll» Go Out of Style. "The old-time bell-ringer wiil soon be as extinct as the dodo," siida church organist of this city. "Not only that," he continued, "but tho old-time bell itself is doomed, aud I venture the assertion that the casting ol' them will practically cease with uext year. "The modern bell is not bell-shaped at all. It is a bronze cylinder, open at both ends and suspended in a hori zontal position by piano wires. When struck ou the side with a peculiarly shaped hammer,made for the purpose, itgivesouta beautiful note, varyiug in pitch from a deep reverberation to a silvery peal of indescribable delicacy and clearness. Its character depends altogether on the length aud diameter of the cylinder, and a set of 1 tiles have been formulated by which it can be determined with absolute mathe matical accuracy. "With the old-style bell there is al ways a great deal of difficulty in tun ing, aud its pitch, when it comes out of the casting box, is largely a matter of chauce. Sometimes the tuners will work over a bell for months, drill ing out pieces of the interior and tak iug off a bit here aud a bit there be fore they get exactly the note they want. The new system will do away with all that, and when a chime is ordered the cylinders will bo perfect ly adjusted to tho required scale."— Now Orleans Times-Democrat. I'ovpoU*)* Lfnpel Into the Air. "I bail a singular experience on Long Island hound once," said the owuer of a Mystic smack. "We were rowing up a long and narrow creek when we observed a school of por poises ahead, also going up. We were very near the heat and began to row and splash, making as much noise as possible to see if we could not drive them ashore. But the porpoises swam ti'oug until they found that they were trapped, then tinned aud came at us in as pretty a chaige as j'ou ever wit nessed, making the water boil and esthe a TOSS the entire creek. When they reached us we stood up aud yelled and waved our oars, but it did not afloat the porpoises, and they went into tho air, three going over our boat as dean as a whintle and two leaping over a second boat which had joined as. We had placed tho boats bow to bow across the stream so that they formed a very fair hurdle. One of the porpoises went over my head, so that I saw it above me, and I esti mated that it leaved eight feet."—New Vork Sun. FOR THE HOUSEWIVES. Caring for Cut fllasH. In caring for cut glass, tepid water, pure soap and a stiff brush are the first essentials. After washing and rinsing, place the. cut glass in boxwood sawdust. This will absorb the moist ure in the cuttings. Next remove tbe sawdust from tbe plain surfaces with a soft cloth, and the cuttings with the brush. By following these direc tions, tbe original clearness and spar kle of the glass may be maintained in definitely. The .Screon for tlie Nursery. Ons of the most useful furnishings in the nursery is a screen, especially where a child is delicate or the ven tilation difficult. Pretty aud enter taining effects for the children may be obtained by covering a frame with brown holland aud pasting upon it il lustrations from the magazines or pretty cards. Care should be taken to select pleasing pictures, and to ar range them so as to give au object lesson iu taste and color. Jmlglpg Table-Linen. There is nothiug so difficult to judge as table-linen; no fabric where adul terations or exact qualities are diffi cult to discern. In other than high grade establishments, where one must depend upon personal judgment for the purity of a fabric, there are a few points to keep in mind. Pure linen is hard and slippery, never soft and pliable, if a moistened finger be ap plied to an all-linen cloth the moistnre will at once apjieav on the other side, whereas iu mixed goods it will appear slowly or not at all. Tbe flax odor is always noticeable in linens, and every woman should learu to recognize it or its absence. —Woman's Home Com panion. Kepplti!- Cut Floivf"! Frrali. "There 'ire many ways to prolong the life f>f cut flowers,•' said a well known florist recontlr. "Tho sim plest one and usually considered the best is to put the sterns into boiling water for two or three minutes, and then place the flowers in a vase of tepid water. A bit of stick charcoal in tho vase will kee j > the flowers fresh for many days. "A simple remedj for the unpleas ant odor which is produced iu the water iu which mignonette has been placed is to put a little sal ammoniac iu the vase." Tli«* I'Otato Problem. Periodically certain domestic seieuce authorities make the statement that pototoe.s are not a wholesome food. This is invariably promptly taken up and circulated iu the public prints. 80 frequently has the re*iort gone round that it h.is become ulmost a popular belief, and the "starchy po tato" has been widely frowned upon. It is a relief, therefore, to the overs of this vegetable and to housekeepers everywhere, who depend upon its regular service, to learu through a bulletin issued by the department of agriculture, "that there is no reason to suppose that potatoes are not as a rule a useful aud wholesome article of diet." The paper goes onto admit that the potato is essentially a st-jrch foul, aud, "eaten alone, it would fur nish a very one-sided, badly balanced diet which would frequently prove unwholesome to most people. When eateu with meat, eggs, fish, etc., which are essentially nitrogenous, an evenly balanced diet which iu most conducive to health and vigor is se cured." Experiments made under government authority show further that potatoes properly cooked furnish useful material iu a digestible form to the human system. Tbe bulletin sums up the matter thus: "They have been a staple article of diet, for many years without harmful results, and there fore tho conclusion that under ordinary circumstances they are other thau a useful and wholesome food seems un warranted." ltecipo*. Apple aud Celery Salad—A delicious salad may be made from apples aud celery. 1-irst chill them in cold water. After they are diced mix equal parts of both together, salt to taste and blend thoroughly with mayonnaise dressing. Serve on lettuce leaves and garnish with cherries. Tomato Scallops—ln making tomato scallops place alternate layers of breadcrumbs and tomatoes iu a but tered baking tin. The torn a oes may be either c.inued or fresh. Sprinkle pieces of butter and salt and pep| cl over each layer. Cover the top with buttered breadcrumbs aud bake until brown. • Turnip Soup—Smooth over the fire in a saucepan one heaped tablespoon ful of flonr and a little less butter. Then add by degrees three scant piuts of milk and let boil up well. Add a level teaspoonful of salt, 11 dozen tiakes of red-pepper pod and a quarter of a saltspoouiul of grated uutmeg. Now stir in well a teacup of cooked and finely mashed turnip and serve. Cheese Canapes—Cut bread into slices one third of an inch thick; cut the slices into rounds with a biscuit cutter, or cut off the crusts with a knil'e, and serve in squares. Season some grated cream cheese with cay enne or paprika, and mustard. Fry the bread in a little butter. When brown 011 both sides remove from the frying pan. Sprinkle over them the grated clioese, and place iu the oven till the cheese is melted. Serve hot. Onion Jelly—Uoilsix finely chopped Bermuda onions in a quart of watei until tender; strain through a jelly, bag and add the juice of ihree lemons and one-half cup of sugar. Soak one lourth box of gelatine for half an,hoar iu a half teacup of cold water. Boil t>ie onion juice down to one pint, and while boiling add the dissolved gela tine. Stir well and strain iuto a mold, previously rinsed with oold water. Let get cold, and serve with pigeona.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers