JAPAN FIGHTING HARD IN WAR FOR WORLD MARKETS Has Made Tremendous Strides in Manufacturing and Ex porting Since 1914. UER ÌNOUSTRIES THRIVING fHa* Capturad Market» Held by Other Watlona—Trade to Australia Quad rupied—Building 800,000 Tons of Shipplng to Handle Export Expansion In the paat few yeara Japan has nn- È Margone a tremendous industriai devel •pment. The enormous progress made y ber in manufacturing and export ig since the outbreak of the war is ttle realized in this country. It is not fully recognized that Japan li gradually changing from an agricui lural to an Industriai country, and that ■fo bar naw drive to win some of the ■oraign markats she baa captured con- Btd«rabla of the business which was formerly hald by this country. The Igreat expansion of her foreign trade pince lt>l4 is ahown by the officiai re- Ifauraa of her trade in 1916. Kxporta Far in Excosa of Importa. Durine that yaar tue total value of importa was 766,600,000 yen, being an ptocreasa of 224,000,009, while the ex porta for tha aame psriod amounted to 1,117,600,000 yan, haing an Incraase of »baut 419,090,000 yen. The actual ax saaa of asporta over importa for tha paar waa 9X1,000,000 yen, as comparad with 170,000,000 yan for 1916. The changed posltion which haa lakan place since tha beginning of the war may ba seen from the fact tnat Cor the year 1914 there was actually un excesa in tha value of the importa «ver exporta of about 4,500,000 yen. Cottoli taaaufacture is one of her prlncipal Industries, amd the statistics Ihow that the average nunaber of apin * ilw working dally in Japan in 1914 Ithe lateat avallable yaar). was nearly 1,500,000. Wool manufactura waa not parried on before the war to any great axtent, but it haa now received a con plderabie impetus, aad Japanese fac tories are axecuting orders from tha ilvsslan Govarnment. Tha production of iron and ateal — jboth in government and private works j.— has alao been very consideratala, the toast iron oras belng imported from Japan has some 800,000 tons bf shipping now under con«tructioa f pad tha Induatry Is In a flourishing tonditlon. Her merchant marine con alsts of 2,170 steamer» of 1,704, 785 (Con», and 9,187 sailing ships of 572,403 j turni;. Ocean-going steamers exceedlng 1,0000 tona number 448, Witti a total bonnage of 1,4284112 tona. Thirty-nine brean-gotng ateamers af 140,236 tona tacare launched from Japanese yards in |»91« May Use American Maohinery. It might be added that Japan is now j Evestigating the posalbllity of using aaerlcan machinery their mills. The axtent of purchases ■ Mraady declded cn is at *OO,OOO spindles. i How her credit Gtanda may be aeen (trono the fact that hai per cent. loan la quoted on the London Stock Rxchange at 91%. yialding at that price, interest of neariy 5 per cent. Chreat Britain's 4H P«r c« nt - loan is jarooted at so w e see how the rela- Itlvt- positions of the two countriea jtoave changed since 1914. Before that ffateful time no one would have àreamed of comparing the two eredita. Already Japanese manufacturers Ibave quadrupled thelr export» to Aua (traila. Ships which in the past arer jaged a cargo of 460 toas now bring ta Sydney 2,600 tona. The Japanese have captured a great deal of the trade once trmly held by American, British, Qer «nan and Prench exporters. In the sllk market they nave won the premier Epoaltton, and Australian shopa are now 'tllled to overflowing with cheap Jap anese sllks. The following Japanese goods are now sold with great success in the Australian market: Glasse*, sclentiflc instrumenta. silks. Panama hats. cot tons. toys, insulators, electric light ap (jparatus, camphor, sulphur oil, matchea, feaalretware. rubber tires. bottles, por vtcelaln. Japan's rapld industriai and com mercial strides will serve to intensify the formidabile competition which the American manufacturer will have to ■ueet both in domeatic and foreign unarkets after the war. They afford «nother strik"ing proof of the necessity jfor restoring friendly relations be tween capital and labor. securing few mr and better business laws and moulding a better public attitude to >ward businass ao that American in dustry may be rid of its harassments and made atrong for the trade fight after the restoration of peaee.—lndus triai C»nsertation, New York. Feeling the Public Pulae. A board of trade or chamber of com merce can render vita! service to a oommuaity by aldlng in tha passage «f laws which tand to make the com munity more prosperous. In that re jpect tha organlaation acts as an in terpretar, helping to translate the aeeds acj the desires of tne people * imo laws that will encourage, rather «han discourage. huainess entorprise. —lndustriai Oonservation, New York. SOTTON GOOD3 COMPANY BUILDING MODEL CITY. Constructijng 100 Cottage* with Hospi tal, Library, School and Meeting Hall. A big cotton gooda manufacturing company with offices in New York City and a million-dollar plant at Pas sale, N. J., recently completed the pur chasa of 300 aerea of land, comprlsing tha whole villaga of Allwood, near Passale, and haa begun the constroc tioa of a model industriai city. Almast a thousand men are am ployad in the Fassaic plaat, which will be abaadoned. Plana ars to bare a city of about 3,660 population. One hun dred cottages will be built. There will be a hospital, library, school, and meeting hall. Twenty homes for su perintendenti» are to be put up at once. Homes will be purchasad on monthly payments. Social welfare workers, architecta, and industriai leaders have given ad vica to the presldent of the mills. His pian la regarded as the mort advanced stap of the kind, in some respeets, that has been taken in this country. The preaent mill has rest rooms, nuraes, and a dining hall. Dances have been given there every Saturdav eve ning throughout the winter. There have been practically no labor trou bles.— Industriai Conservation, New York. USE OF LEISURE TIME A FACTOR IN SUCCESS. Time Not Spent In Working, Eatlng or Sleeping May Determine Efflciency. "How do you spend your leisure time?" is the question which appears on the application blanks for employ ment in some of the largest business houses today. To some this may seem an uanecessary- intrusion on the pri vate life of the individuai, but tha way in which a worker utilizes the interval between 5 and 8 p. m. and 8 or 9 a. m., as wejl as bis holidays and Sundays, has an lmportant hearing on his effl ciency. Dull heads and unsteady hands, which are often the by-produets of misused leisure hours, are distinct liabilitiee in any work, whether it be mechanically routine or of the sort that requires judgment and adapta bility,—lndustriai Consenmtion, New York. HOW TO SAVE A BILLION A YEAR. Co-operatlon Between Wage-Earner and Wage-Payer Will Save an Enormous Loss. Thare is an estimated waate of a billion dollars annually in industry in the TTnited States, due to labor trou- Mes. This biilion dollars could better be employed to the advantage of both the man who hires and the man who la hired. Capital can gain no advan tage by flghting labor, and labor can gain no advantage flghting capital.' The result of the battla 1s alwaya an expenaive draw. On ali sides, however, ara to be found evidences that both partias have begun to realize the futillty of andless frictioo. — Industriai Cmservution, Veto York. THE HUMAN NOTE IN INDUSTRY WHI Be Moat «trongly Aocentuatad In Corning Yeara, Saya Edison. "Problema in human engineering," predicta' Thomas A. Rdiaon, the elee trical wirard, "will receive durlng the coming yeara the same genius and attention which the nineteenth century gave to the more material forma of engineering. "We have lald good foundations for industriai prosperity. Now we want to aasure the happiness and growth or the workers through vocation educa tion and vocational guidance and wisely managed employment depart ments. A great field for industriai ex perimentation and statesmanahip is opening up."— lndustriai Conserration, New York. NIED FOR LOYAL WORKERS. Man Who WHI Exert Best Efforts to Help Win War. It would be impoßsiole to overesti mate the importance of labor in its re lation to the war, and the necessity for every workingman to give his beat ef forts in ordar not to handicap the gov ernment in lts work of carrying the war to a successful termination. The loyal American workingman may be depended upon to do his full duty if he is not led by the mlstaken policies of his leaders to do the things which his own conscience and his own reason teli him are wrong.— lndustriai Conserration, New York. USE OF LEISURE TIME A FACTOR IN SUCCESS. Usa of Time Not Spent In Working, Eatinq or Sleeping May Determina Worker's Efflciency. "How do you spend your leisure time?" is the question which appears on the application blanks for employ ment in some of the largest business houaes today. To some this may seem an unnecessarv intrusion on the pri vate life of the individuai, but the way in which a worker utilizes the inter val between 5 or 6 P. M. and 8 or 9 A. M.. as well as his holidays and Sun days, has an important hearing on hia eficiancy. Dull heads and unqteady handa, which are often the byproducta of misused leisure hours, are distinct liabilities in any work whether it ba mechanically routine or of the sort that requires judgment arai a3aptabil ity. lndustriai Conservati**, New York. Ali the King» In the World ■-■ • * (Industriai Conservatlon, New York.) T akiri% "Friendly" Advice; Parable If you should ever. /iait Prosperity Town —and we sincerely hope you will some day—drop In to see our stanch friend Samson. True, Samson ia only a mule, but he's some pumpkin in Proaperity Town. Unlike his biblical namesake he doesn't go around pulling down or killing Phiìtetines with the jawbone of hia deceased fa tlier Moreover, when he has had a a. J » * j|. r r i n fl j| - "What Ali» Him?" ahare, & shampoo, and a haircut, our Samson is as strong. nay, strongw than «ver. Samson Is a food, constructive citi zen. It's hia job to run the treadmili that turna di» wkeela of indurtry. IX Samson should quit his jeb ali the fac tories in Proaperity Town would have to dose their doors, and factories, by the way, are the mainstay of Prosperi ty Town. Any time you nappen to pasa the treadmili you can see Samson doing his standing marathon. He nev er seetns to tire at his job. There are folk* in Prosperity Town who think that Samson, as an industriai factor, is capital, but we hesitated to state the fact for fear you mlght accuse ua of trying to perpetrate a pun. Samson'a drirer is a man Public, an intelligent, weli meaning person who is just beginning to get along famously with Samson. There was a tim«j, how ever, when Public was so engrossed with the affairs of hte numerous fam ily that he hadnt much time loft for the occupation which gave him hia in come, and mule driring requires study just like medicine, military luetica, mixing mint juleps or any of the other exact Sciences. Something happened recently, low ever, which caused Public to take a keener interest in his job. He was nome eating lunch one day when a man named Agitator, a former resident *f Proaperity Town, passed the tread mili of induatry, and, seeing that it unguarded. thought it would be a good joke on Public to put a few kinks in thè machinery. It wasn't a sense of humflr alone that gave Agitator his in splration. He saw that he might make hla little joke pay. You see, he owned a hardware store in Proaperity Town, wbere he kept in stock a fine line of hammera. axes and other implementa that can be used to adrantage In knock in* and tearinc down. He honed that Public, who didn't know much about machinery, would get disgusted witk the treadmlll when he found that it didn't work properly and would buy & few of Agitatori tools to amaih it up with, for Public didn't have muck pa tience in those days. So Agitator get a crowbar and worked induetrioualy around the treadmlll fer several min utes, after which he bruahed off hia clothes and went back to his hardware store to wait for business. A few minutes later Public returned from lunch with a kad attack of indi 1 gestioa and a grouch against mules and treadmillß in general. Hls ili tem per was increased by Sameon's inabili ty to turn the treadmlll at the accus tomed rate of speed (Peor Samaon puffed and struggled, and manlfested ali the other distreasing symptoms of hard work, but he couldn't keep up to time. Public belabored him untll hls arm was tired. and then, acratchiag his head, he roused lrritably. "1 wonder what ails that mule, any how? He eertatnly gets enough to eat. I've been feeding him right aiong on a good rich diet of proflta." Scratchlng one's head haa often been known to stlmulate a ilow of brilliant ideas, and Public, after continulng the process several minutes decided to via- ■ ■ ' Followed Everyl»ody's Advice; Now l'm Going to Take That Load Off Altogether and Give Him His Old DI et." it his friend Legisl&tor, who ran a mill down the road and who professed to know ali there was to be known about muleology. Legisiator was not only willing but eager to gire advice on the subjeot. "It's aa plain aa the nose on your face what ails that mule," he said, sticking his thumbs in the armholes of his vest and shifting hia cud, after the fashion of sturdy Yankee lawmakera. "You're feeding him too well. and you're not giving him enough work. Cut down his diet of profits and mix some deficlency in his food. Then put on his back severa! sacks of the exceas taxes I've just ground out of my mill." Public, breathing a aigh of relief, tried Legislatori prescription on Sam son, but the treatment merely had the efifeot of reducing the mule's energy stili further. After a few moments more of head acratchiag, Pub!ic decid ed to consult Agitator. Agitator was a wise man. Ai least he talked well, and Public at that time was rery aua cep tibie to oratorr. export advice," said Agitator, doinghis best to hide % grin. "It's apparent to any thinklng man that ali Samson needs is a few hard knock®. There's something compiei about a mule's psychology that needa just that sort of treatment. New I can sell you a splen dld hammer to wallop him with. That will adminieter the proper psychic atlmulus. Then I have come excellent axle grease here, compounded of a mix ture ef labor trouble and industriai un reat. Juat rub a little of that into the machinery of the treadmlll." So Public kought the hammer aad the axle greaae, which waa raally glue Incognito, and went back to Samaon. At keart Public waa a kindly man, and he felt tkat it waa unnecesaarily cruel te hit Samson with the hammer, but he had implicit oeafldence in Agitator, ao he apat on kia banda and let Samson have a few good onea, whleit nearly broke tke mule'a back, but falled to produce any tangible reeults in the way of increaaed speed. Then aa a ìaat reaort Public took up the fake axle greaae, but aa he was about to ruh it into the machinery he saw something that ma de him h«sitate and tken aend for the repair man. Agita tor, it Been a. had underrated hia in telligence. "Well," pald Public, «Tre taken the adrice of my frlenda" (atrong accent on the friends), "but from oow on I'm gelng to use my oyn judgaaent." So wkile the repair man atraighten ed eut tke kinka in the machine Public puHed tke bags of exceee taxea freni Samaon'a back and treated tke mule to » good meal of hia ouatomary food. Preato! Tke mule began to ma, tke treadmlll began to bum, and the board of director* voted te rais* Public'a aal ary fer increasing tke proaperity of Prosperity Town. But that is not the end ef tke etory. Some enterprising sleuth linked up the injury which had been done te the 8 (\ «i ** * « r * »■•«*» ■*•« fi f S * j "Nix on Friendly Advice." treadmili with some of Agitatori oth er actirities, and the mnnicipal a. a thorities decided that they would ei ther have to ckange the unt of tke town or ask Agitator to leave. They voted in favor of the latter alternative, and one fine day the hardware dealei was riddea in etate oa a rati to the outskirts of the city, wherf he was hand#»d his passyorts. —Charles A. Rie eer, Industriai Conservatili, Neu? York. CLOSER KINSHIPIS THE NEW IDEAL IN AMERICANJNDUSTBY Harmony Betwesn Men and Man agement Recognized as a Desirabie Factory Asset. IS NOW AN tNVENTQRY ITEM Modem Manufacturer Cultivates Good will of Workers—Hi» Interest No Longer Confned to Converaion of Raw Material Into Finiahed Produci No established business can operate efficiently without inventory. The in ventory telis the story of whether the business is successful or otherwise. You put alinosi everything you have in an inventory, and the v&lue that you think the article bears in relation to your business. But there are many things which go into the composite body of inventory beside personal property. There la the question of food will. There <s the item of the contentment of em ployees. There is the question of the relation of employer to employee. There is the item of the health hy giene of artisans. And there is the final item, which is always eloquent, of whether or not the men who work are better cititens in the community in which they live. The time has come and gone when manufacturers are exclusively inter ested in oonverting raw into flnished product. Tbe time has come when ali employers r?ust be interestad in the quality of ma*ihood of the men who work. Industriai conservation means tha preservation and protection of the lives, liberties and rights of men in industry as much as it does the pro tection of the ecouomic agencies oC manufacture. It ipells industriai in tegrity. The age of ruthless compe tition ls relegated to the past. The interest» of employees and employers are not necessarily identical. but they are mutuai. If the humblest employee in any induatry is not interested in the success of the concern for which he works he should be eliminated. If the executive of any large industriai concern is not interested In the hum blest toiler the executive should ba eliminated. The Meanlng of Ce-operatlen. The new idea in induatry la a closer kinship and deeper appreciation of the aecessity for mutuality and co-opera tlon. Co-aperaticn means not merely the phyaical eo-cfdinatton of industry; it means the sptrit wtth which the la bor ia performed. Co-operation ls not a qiestion of wage or hours of labor; it la an agency fer the the betterment of employee», stockholders and offi cerà. If an industriai cencern cannot manufacture goot! wlll, it ought toga oat of touaineaa. Industriai eonaervation aaeana mobi liata! indnatrial foroe», both interaal ly and externally. It means proteo tion, aot in the tarlff aenae of that word, but In the seaae of eatabUshlng an indnatrial Rock of Gibraltar agalnat the International trade cendltiona whieh w«l follo* en the termi®allo* of the Hhiropeaa war. The vast eoa» nomlc changes to follow the Euro pean cenflagratlon cannot be werked out by a group of men. The test of democraoy depends upon the contri bution of everybody interested in the maintenance of democracy, independ ent of politicai, aectienal or radiai conaideratlons. Just as sometimes industriai pianta are reorganiaed, so now American In dustry is undergoing a prooess of ro erganitatlon. It is no longor an ago of the bmtality of conapetltien, but of akin In bringing about cp-ordinaiia». Business now means maklng better men and better conditlons far labor, more hlghly speciallaed vooatlonal training, and a non-provincial outlook and realiaation that the eventual great ness of American lndnstry cannot be measured in terms of dollars and cents, but in terms of the manhood of the men who constitute the fibre inter woven in eur acheme of democracy. Welfare of Worker Cenaldered. Meaaures designed to reduce the cost of accidenta in induatry, the high est degree of safety apparata» for workmen, the stndy of fatlgne and ita consequences on the operative, the da velopment of the individuai efflciency of workmen, the problem of sickneaa Insurance, either through voluntary or in voluntary plans; the study of the economie facters involved In a shorter working day, the standardiaation of cost systems—these and dosens of oth er problema are ali part and parcel of industry today.— industriai C'ewaeroe fion, New York. LET YOUR ENTHUSIABM HELP YOU WITH YOUR WORK. Increase Your Personal Power by Put tlng Your Seul Into Your Job. Enthusiasm is the dynamica of your personality. Without It, whatever abiì ities you may poaaes» Ile dormant, and it ls safe to say that nearly every man has more latent power than he has ever learned to use. You may have knowledge, sound Judgment, r>a soning faculties, but no on*» not *>v«*n yourself—will know i* un**' v« ■ cover how to put y- > thonght and action. —ini <,a -.1 <. <>•<- servaJion, New Yer/c.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers