, v V" * i ' an giv{°K therthatanoe of ’ mow it wbOld aid <p»ntry not to interfere T "KOI Beo*o»e the oountrywould spurt inter ftr«nc«, aod io be etronger than ever for the '-•Hori. of eroshmg.out the rebellion and that ihall be cthahed Oat. Mark spin the ineidi ,;ooe wayin which thp pqint.was pat. jEiey ' knew KOw we felt' - because of the ;action of England—-they knevv that the-heart of the na tion heat true to tlid Constitution, and ‘that it could not brook any interference on the part of 'England. 'Whatlhen did these joliticiahe do? ' Thw asked the BHtish'Minister to use the in fldence if British diplomacy to induce other nations to interfere, but to take care that Great j Britainshould keep out of eight, lest we should see the oat under the meal.• [Laughter.] This • is preoiselythe /proposition theymade. You • obserVe-that in speaking of these-men, I hare, np to thismomept, used, tfee word politicians. : What kind of politioianif ' [A voice: '‘Cop perheads.' Hisses and gr ans.] • They cannot bo*democratic-politicians/ [,Of coarse they cannot;'] -How 1 should likeito hear Andrew ’ Jackson sfiy a few words upon; such politioians whffcallthemselyes democrats.' [‘He’d hang 'them.’J No, I don’t think he would Bare an ‘opportunity to do so’; be never would bo able 'to oatoh them. [LaugMer.] I bare felt it my duty here in the city of NewYorb, because of the interest { hare in pablia affairs, to call at tention tiftthis most extraordinary fool—that 'there aremen in the odmnjnnity so Ipst to pat- j ■ 'riotism; so bound Up in the traditions of party, ‘ soeelfiah, as to be willing to temper with Grist Britain in order to bring about the separation i of this country. ,It is- the most alarming, fact that’ I ihare yet seen. I had rather see a hun dred thousand men set in the 1 held 'on the rebel sider-aye, I had rathersee Great Britain armed against tie openlyj as she is covertly—than to j . be forced to believe that"there/are amongst us euch men astbese, lineal descendants of Judas Jceariotintermarried with the race of Benedict . Arnold. “Brooks,"] It has shown me. a greotdonger with vfrhjch. we are threat ened, and I,calif open all true men to sustain be loyal to the government. [Loud ebsers.] As yon, sir, was pleased to pay,'the pfoeent government! was not the gov ernmenkofmy eboioe-j-Idid not vote for it, or .for any part of it; but litis the government of my countryi it is the only organ by which I can exert the, force of the.oCentf.yto protect its in tegrity? and as long as; J- biilicvo that govern ment to-be honestly administered, I will throw •a mantle over, any mistifes Shatl may think it has made, and support; if testrtily, with' ; hand and purae.so help me God 1 cheer ing.] , 1 have no loyalty if b man or man; my loyalty is to the goWf ffoent; and it makes ''no‘difference to me whff, ie>p«ople have chosen te-administer tbe gover. in rat, so long as the ■ehoioe has teen constituffonaily made, and tbe persons so chosen-hold tf tie places and powers, lama traitor and'a falsi man if Pfalter in my support, r [Applause.] '< Jhislis what I under: stand toilie loyalty to a' f venjroent; and I was sorry -to, learn; as I did t[ >other day, that there wds a man iff New York whh, professed. not to .know tiie meanlngof the Vord/loyaUy. [llisses, groarfs, and cries of ‘‘/Vdoid."]’' I desire to say hem that it is the d» y .of every loyal man lgyal to the governmf t, to sustain it, to par don its hirers, and help, % tq them, and . te.doall Be oan to aid'd Iff carrying the coon try on in the course of! lory and grandeur in which it was started b‘ burp l fathers. And let tna'say to yon, my £rt ;da— young men, that -cabman who opposed!:ds jpountry in time of ■war ever.prospered, [b 'Chat’s so."] The To ries of the Esvolntion' .Be.: Hartford . Ganvcn tionists of l&12, the, immortal seven who-voted - against the supplies for tb e Mexican. War-all history is against these/ men /1 Let no politician if ont day pnt himseK'Jn the way of (he march Of 'this country to glory/ffnd greatness, for whb ' ever does so wiJI surely- (fe cjjpshod. The coarse of our nation is onwartvandfet him svho oppo ses it beware. "The is after,'.mows on, (hough the adder may writhe, ff if theicopperheads curl ‘rodnd the blade of the sfyihe.': [Loud applause.] It only remains, sir, ftjfi me to repeat the ex pression of my gratitude to'you' and the citi xens of New York here-edsembled for the kind ness with which yon ana they have received mo and listened,. for whiob pleaho again accept my thanks.", [ProlotfgM’chearing.] Who aee.Bstiw.ei) X& Pensions. —The .ques tion is often asked, ■ Woip entitled to pen sions t”. !•>* act of .Congress passed July, 1862, made liberal prWeloiif Tor granting pen mans to disabled soldiers w£o bare served-in the army of, the Unloiripcethe 4th of March, •1861, and also to' the Widows'(and children un der sixteen years of sge), as well as mothers and dependent sisters ,)f soldiers killed inbst tleror wfao' shall 'die! 1y tejaaon of wounds re csivedot diseases coniracted r in service and in.the line’of duty. The prtyisions, as a • whole, are much more liberal than the oldpen eion laws for* the Revolution pr the war of 1812. The amount of pensiq o«'l,for disability are as follow?;' ‘ 1! ? V . Non-commissioned oil ce s/musicians, and privates, per month $8 Second Lieutenants, 15 First Lieutenants,*.... Ji, i.. ; 1" 2O Hqotft... ...ty 25 higher ran) 30 But a large majority f those accepted as pen tionsrsare only parti; ly disabled, ondthaam’t of pension is rated ao.brdingto their disability, trbieb may ha one ft nrth.onq third,*one half, etc. The disability ft \ biased bn the proportion which this effects of t » *onnd received of dis ease contracted in p\. blic service- octually dis ables oneftom obtaii pg a , livelihood. Th«;lowa ELicit la.—The Republicans of lowabave swept al ~ before (hem'in the late elections. At Tiptoi , heretofore «troDgly dem ocrat, they earned t.hjir entire,ticket by a good, majority; at Le Clairv .a success equally decisive .wait achieved, in Waiarly, where a the Copper [lwadaeapposedthenStdlves'beyoad all poaibility M, defeat, the .whole jDnion [ticket was chosen; ;in Farmington the sanoresult reached, the Union vote being-dou'dethaic of their opponents. RyivurgyoT a Ria'pi ; clbal.’ —Solomon Hen ebaw, a citizenof ifetttop,|l?oa,ntaincounty, In diana, finding the K/igbts of the golden circle, which ho bad joinedjjto treasonable organ ' -ifstion, exposed thftjwbol/; concern. He was ; threatened so much .‘jhat be dieppeed of all his 'property and starts^ 1 to quit thecountry,but -overcome by fear, pit on‘ end to bis life nest Attica. _; - h. • ■■ wt I i . M»nK I»os;CLAit , —Contract* hate been •warded fur the cd fctrtction of twelve more Itoa-clads..at prioet' sas3Bo,ooo t 05400,000., 'STtojere to be finui id withineix months. We : into a position when we ■jAm'eope .with thecas j pf- either England or ' Kinoe. yr K THE AGITATOR. WEDNESDAY, : : •The Union State Committee Lave toned the following call fora State Conrcntlon: The loyal citizen* of Pennsylvania, without distinction of party, who desire cordially to unite In •ustaintog'the Na tional and State Administrations in their patriotic efforts to. sunprana sectional and unholy rebellion against the unity' of the Republic, and who desire to support by every power of the government our. heroic brethren in braving disease and the peril of the field, to preserve the Union of our fathers, are requested to select the number of deleratesequal to the Legislative .representations of the State, at such times and In inch manner as will beat respond to ■ the spirit of this call, to meet in State Convention, at Pitts* burg, on Wednesday, the Ist day of Jnly next, at 11 o’clock, . A.on ibe Bald day to nominate candidates for the offices of Governor and Judge of the Supreme Courts and to take such measures as may be deemed necessary to. strengthen the Government 4n this season of common peril’to a com mon country. C. P. MARKI>E, Chairman of the Vhioix Stoic Gunmittcc. -6». ff. IIiIDBMUT, W*.J. Howard, j&ertiarfa. The following resolution was adopted by the Committee: Thnt lt be recommended to the loyal citizen* of Pennsylvania* without distinction'*! party, to organize In each election district of the State a Union League, for the ’purpose of sustaining the Government in suppressing thl» causeless and wicked rebellion, which now seeks to-divide and destroy the Republic. Time brings its revenges., STlitf tables are tamed. Under the new cider of thing* it be comes oar duty, os it is a privilege, to publish the speeches of each lifelong democrat* os Gen. Boiler, Gdvs. IV right and Johnson. We begin with Butler this week, and trust that every pa triot In the county will read-it. Hark this sig nificant fact—no distinctive democratic paper baa published the recent speeches of any of these loyal democrats. . When a great man loses bis foothold On the solid ground of virtue and moral excellence, and plunges into dissipation and -the practice of universally condemned vices; when a man whose daily walk and conversation among his neighbors and friends has been exemplary, sud denly commits some crime 1 against society, and from areceived equal in circles of respectabil ity becomes a haunter of the purlieus of vice; when society witnesses snob deplorable specta cles, men exclaim—“ What a terrible fall \”— and the crime seems ten-fold more hideous than ever before. It is wisely ordered that crime shall be ren dered more hateful in contrast with right and virtuous living. At the same time, the descent into hell is made easy, that men and women may lo morally perfected through plosa circum spection. If men climb high and fall, the fall is more dreadful and destructive. Hl-regolated ambition ialbe curse'of mankind: It takes men up to great elevations, holds them sus pended there until, they grow dizzy and reck less, then flings them down below the common level and breaks- their bones. . Thcee was a time when the Democratic party occupied a high and proud position in the his tory of the Republic. "When it chnmptoncu the rights of Man, led the van in the wort of human progress and governmental reform, and based its hopes of a perfected government up on the emancipation of every human creature from abject fealty to any other human creature. Under the lend of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and Silas the history of the Democratic party is luminous with glory. Its leaders were men of superior intellect, of high moral culture, of grand, unselfish ambitions, and of aspirations reaching np and beyond the limits within range of the aspirations of ordin- I ary publicists. Caat in a noble mould, their love j of man inbred, and surpassing fhoir regard for j fame, place, and the emoluments of place, the | party assimilated itself to the character of its ‘ great leaders, and became imbued with their noble spirit to a wonderful degree ; not with I their wisdom and foresight, for neither can be • transmitted from the individual to the mass ; I but the masses were thoroughly! leavened, with that stirred the hearts of their leaders. Tue ballot-box bad not then become a gaming machine, or the stakes plunder. But these men passed away, leaving behind them, as successors, men of a jlesser caliber; men versed in the disreputable trickery and low subterfuges of mere partisans, jnniLjvilhCut a meager degree, even, of that breadth of view, wisdom/foresight, patriotism,| and unselfish ambition that go to make up the statesmen who make the history of a country- grand, and its archives something better thap waste paper. To elevate the party to its then high position had been the life-labor of its deed heroes. Un der the leadership of Picfcp and Buchanan its descent into the pit was rapid. They found' the. party rich in nil the attributes of power and permanency, and left it so poor in virtue' and integrity that its soul no longer fonnd the body habitable, and departed. I So that, at the end of Buchanan's term, tbe party had'fallen in pieces, and one entire winjg took op arms against the'other. This great struggle, then, . iu its inception, was simply a revolt of tbe dem ocratic party sgainst itself. | Its degradation is utter because its fall was great. The best' men, becoming vicious, are ten-fold more abandoned than the men vicious from blrtb. So’with parties, and all human or ; . _ , . 1 gamzations.. It is the law- • , 1 Look at that fallen'party to-day. Where are the men whom it hailed as its apostles three years‘ago? A portion of them are beading a rebellion against the govern mint, and the rest, with scarcely an'exception, are in the. field or in' the forum, in oper hostility to the party as now organised and led. Dickinson, Butler, Cass, Brady, Brewster,' Wright,- Johnson, of Tennessee, Holt, Hamilton, of Texas, and a host of other life-long democrats—these men .are no longer tolerated by the democratic party of this day. What is their! crime'? Their crime is an Unteavering devotion to the govern ment!- We challenge any man.of truth 'and reason to show them guilty of any other crime. And how-: long is it since 'pstriotieja became a crime in the calendar with'thi ifregs of the ; democratic party 7 ' And by whom is this party 1 M. H. COBB, EDITOa AND PEOPEIETOB, ■' WBLLSBOROCOH, PBOTTAr 'STATE OOJrTBHTI OH. THE FALL. JHB AGITATOR, ■'V ' led, by wip'innMr bf melt By Wood, swindler jl and Ben Hfcod,' a notorious lottery gambler ijjj Wm. B. jlfeed, who , was - purchased by-~BB6banan withthe China missionby C.C. Barr, who baa ran the gamut through, from genteel rice to that which-hag "nob shame enough to,hide, fromr.tho light; and so on, through the catalogue, soma averaging better, bat more as bad, or worse. To each degradation is that once glorious old party reduced. • Bat scarcely, less humiliating la the spectacle presented by theJeaders oLthiaiallen party, in their secret conference with Lord Lyons last fall, soon ofter the election of Horatio Seymour. In that conference they deliberately proposed to procure foreign interference, to further em harass the opcrationfof the government. They connived at the betrayal of the independence of this government into the hands of foreign po tentates throngh British - diplomacy 1 Is this the great anti-British parly founded by Thomas Jefferson ? We ask it ns a reader of. history: Is this the great democratic'party founded by Thomas Jefferson f, Bather, is it not amiiera ble winnowing of that party which ’ delivered Charleston into the hands of the British in the dork days of the Revolution ? They were call- ■ cd lories, then—why should we hesitate.td'call things by their right names now f s 1 APRIL 15, 1803. Beit remembered, however, that these info-' mans chiefs do not represent the masses of that once great party. The democratic masses are generally sound in their patriotism?? and when the villainies pf the men who assume to lead them become apparent, they will shako- them olf as scorpions. ' • Tbs last Bradford Argut has an extended call for a “ Union Convention, without distinc tion of party.” Oar old friend will pardon ns when we inquire what that call means ? Is it the post-obit proclamotion of that ephemeral party which blossomed into - a sickly existence and perished from milk-and-water on the brain in this county, last year? Which, during its brief existence made snob vast pretension to catholicity and toleration, yet made it a con dition to a nomination for, the Assembly that the nominee should rote for a democrat for an United States Senator ? which, in the mire of defeat, found stomach to meet with certain “ Ho-party democrats” from Clinton and Ly coming, and in the eestoey of poor whiskey to drink'to the beslth and prosperity of Jefferson Dayis ? Which ' now casts off the cloak of pretence and appears in the filthy rags of a de graded, shameless, and emasculated democ racy ? Which shows its true colors as a nar row, bigoted organization, intolerant of sneb democrats as Got. Wright, Andrew Johnson, Daniil S. Dickinson, and Gen. Bctlzb, now repudiated, traduced and villlfied by this un principled and traitorous' faction ? Is it the nostbnmons proclamation of this “ no-patty party" limn V.UUIWSW mtpitfflnw. a A i. , x 1 of lost week 7 Candidly, Judge, isn’t that sort of thing about played out f Following {tie lead of New Hampshire and Rhode Island, on Monday week proved her de votion to the sacred cause of Bight, in the elec tion of the entire Republican Union War {State ticket, a Republican legislature, .and three Re publican Congressmen. When we say .‘Repub lican,’ in this connection, we nse it as'-n term to distinguish between the parties to the elec tion, who, on the one hand were copperheads, and on the other, Republicans, and such demo crats os recognize such men as Daniel S. Dick inson, and Gen. Butleras leaders. For all war purposes, there is no disagreement between such men and Republicans. Wo recognize no difference between them. The copperhead papers are savage over these recent defeats. {News of the fall of Charleston coaid not produce a more surly response. As for that matter, we have not seen a smile on the face of any! of our local; democracy since the news arrived in town. If there is a loyal man in this county who thinks it too early to get to work for the sum mer and fall campaign, we ask him to look shout him and beyond, -and mark the sleepless activity of the enemy. You will find therebel democracy always at work, never idle; and the agents of wrong are ever vigilant in the service of their master. . While good men sleep, the robber and assassin prowls on bis gnilty quest, —and while the loyal are awaiting the happen ing of some great victory) the lurking traitor plots the defeat of our arms in measures calcu lated to. embaross the government. With this £act standing boldly out. to delay is a crime. / We hope it may not be recorded of ib ji gen eration that it was slow to profit by expepence, that it ignored the warnings of the sensjts, and never scented the fight nnlil. the ontposti were in the hands of the foe. That isnot thdrecord live men desire to leave behind them; hot the record that true men love to spread out 1 before their children. The old watchword is the true watchword :—Me wins who works 1 1 The next Congress, as classified by tty Now- York papers, will stand as fallowsAdminis tration—Bs ; Democrats—74. To this anjority Vermont will add 3, West Virginia 3, balifor nlk 3, and Missouri I—to fill a vacant^ —thus carrying the majority up to 21. We typclude that the copperheads are not so mnchjenconij aged as they were. ' | W* are forced to defer sereral intiresting letters from 'the army until next week owing to the crowded condition, of onr column!. The letters are o£4hat quality that will i keep,” however. , ■ m • i * The. Cincinnati monieipal in the. overwhelming] - defeat of the-/Copper heads, as did that of St, tonis. ' j CONNECTICUT tiOBMBAt. JST3EWS. '"Since our last issue the attack upon the forts in: Charleston harbor has .been made by onr auiproved the grandest arm lery fight the eye of man ever witnessed. The iron-dads. eigbt' innnmberr approached to“ft point within 500 yards of Fort Sumter, when they were greeted with the fire of hundreds of. cannon and the strife became terrific. The Monitors poshed on, firing as they went, past Sumter, when.they found a line of obstruct ions extending across the -harbor, rendering further progress impossible. After being on per a heavy concentric fire for 45 minutes the Monitors were ordered to retire beyond range of the enemy's guns, which was done, not with out the loss of one of the number, and the par tial disabling ‘of two others. The Monitors were hit from 50 to 60 times each, and the Ke okuk* was struck 90 times, 19 shots passing through her sides. She sunk on the bar next morning. But the damage to Fort Sumter was still greater than to our fleet. Eleven large brea ches were made in one side. . The Monitors only fired 150 roonds in all. So, Charleston is not taken, os so many loyal men and women hoped to bear. But they have no cause for despair.- The attack has; shown that our vessels can pass any batteries, yet-in vented, and but for. channel obstructions could have bombarded Charleston ere this.- From the 'Weaf’we have news of a victory. Tan Dom attacked onr forces under Gen. Gran ger, on the. 10th instant, and was most signally defeated, with a loss of several bnndred men. Oar Joss was less than 100, The fight took place near Franklin, Tenn. The new* from ,Gen. Foster's command in North Carolina, is to the effect that the rebels hsd summoned him to snrrender, and’ that he bad! refused, telling them to come on. The attack on Vicksburg has been tempora rily abandoned. The health of the army there is improving. We neglected to mention in its proper place that one loss in the Charleston fight was bat twelve. The Republicans, and war democrats have nearly swept.the Copperheads oat of existence in the - charter elections held in the Western cities last week. A great reaction is going on in the North in favor of the government. Out from under I LETTEB FBOM J. EMEBY, BB®. , Camp of the Bucktails, 1 . Fairfax Cocntv, Ya., April 5,1863. J Dear Agitator i If you have had such a snow storm up in Tioga county as we had here last night and this morming 1 fear you will all stay away from church. Ido not think any of you had as much trouble in holding your bouses over your heads as Major Niles and his guest bad yesterday and don’t think it probable that any of you bad your hat and boots full of snow this ns I had. The rest of my clothes were safe'?*! slept in all I had, including my overcoat audslept exceedingly cold even at that. Indeed, last'night in Virginia would have done honor to a mid-winter night in old Tioga. I came out here last Tbursdny and intend to leave this afternoon if. the cars can come up over the-drifts of snow. Railroad and steam boat fare are free to such as have government passes to go within the, lines, and on this road no passes are given except to military men.— culty in inducing the gentlemanly T*rdvost Marshal of Alexandria to give me a permit to ride in Father Abraham’s —cal's. I expect to go back the same way, but as my pass is only to go within the lines of the army. I can get out only by a pass from the Assistant Adjutant General and Provost Marshal of this district. This sounds strange in a free country, but it is absolutely necessary, and before we get through this rebellion, on i Government will find it nec essary to be more stringent, especially to such as arc not in every heart’s drop of their blood, loyal. If I had the.reins of Government in my hands, I would hang every traitor north #nd south that fcad a neck long enough to hitch a rope roufid. The country here is a good deal like most of the rest of Virginia near the Potomac, a very poor soil. Tb«r» m-tra bat five, inhabitants be fore the commencement of the' war and fewer now. There is, however, a church within sight of our encampment, bnt it is a 7 by 9 thing— a good deal like most southern religion—lacking length, breodth’and depth. Close by the en campment is also a small farm house and what speaks very highly for the morality of the Buck tails, I saw two very nice and lady-like look ing hens strutting about ns unconcernedly as though they were not in the very jaws of death. The 45tb is the very pattern of morality, but I don’t believe I should have seen the bens, if that regiment had been encamped here. This regiment is now looking exceedingly ; wcll and is, I should think, under excellent dis cipline. Col. Taylor appears to be well quali fied for his position and to be exercising a very healthy influence over his men. lie is a brother of Bayard Taylor. Major Niles will also moke a good field officer and will no doubt soon be promoted to the position of- Lieut, Colonel, as that is now vacant by resignation. Second Lieut. Mack of bnr borough has been raised to a first lieutenancy, and will soon he made Cap tain as the promotion of Capt, Niles has made that 1 office vacant. George Ludlow-, of Charles ton, who has been in eleven battles, and has been wounded in two, is .made second lieutenant and on the promotion of Mack will be commis sioned first lieutenant. Nevi B. Kinsey, of Lawreoceville, has been made Captain and there are other other promotions which I do not now recollect. I send you herewith the pres ent muster roll of Lieutenant Mack’s company. I have visited also the Cth reserves and find them looking fresh and vigorous and ready for a fight. Sergeant Silas Rockwell has been made first lieutenant of his company. Capt. Carle is recommended, over four senior cap tains, for a commission as Major; and Frank, Bailey who is now a corporal is' recommended ] to a second lieutenancy. I presume they will | both.be thus promoted. A reconnoisance of‘cavalry was sent out yes terday morning as far ns Warren ton and I un derstand have returned this morning. A heavy cavalry reconnoisance was also sent out on Friday beyond the Bull Run Mountains and have not yet returned. ' I think op lines are to be advanced beyond Manassas. A heavy line extends from Vienna on the Alexandria and London railroad through i Fairfax to the Occo quan river and we have also a large advance force at Union Mills over Bull Ran and at Cen treville. If the enemy attempt again to move noirtb I do not think they will escape as easy as they did after the battle of Antietam. : The snow atom most operate to prevent any advance for some days to come as it most make the scads very muddy, and muddy roads in Virginia' {fore no bottom, as they hare up North. I may be mistaken but I oannot help thinking .that the next fifty dayawill give to the world important are on the winning side just now. We have whipped the traitors in Rhode Island, shall most certainly annihilate them to-morrow in Connecticut and in all the West wherewe have a, chance at them —shall even elect a charcoal Mayor and Council at St. Louis, and alter having swept treason from the North with ballots, shall sweep it from the South with bullets. - - We. most expect to lose some of our best men,. for generally, the triumph of the best cause is sanctified by blood. I fear oooapparent draw back, however. It may be necessary in the workings of divine Providence to.let the enemy get possession of Kentucky and Tennessee in order that the Resident may find an excuse for abolishing slavery there “as a war measure.” Providence jnoy permit it, but yon--must par don me If I express the strong hope that Prov idence bos just now come to the conclusion to let our Government try both ways—the “ war measure” and the measure pf principle. In war we have- the benefit of both God's ways and the Devil’s ways—intended, indeed, for different ends, but’ the latter’s always by the superior engineering of the former, made to subserve human improvement. But when it comes to a matter of -principle in times of peace, it is cool, jcalcnlating diplomacy, and the devil having for bis allies human lasts, and .cu pidity and overyvotber evil propensity to which flesh is heir, it is a hard contest and sometimes “ the, devil gets the better.” I don’t like to suggest to Divine Providence, but it strikes me that now we are in it, it would be better all round to fight it out as “ a war measure.” Either way, slavery will end “ in the end,” or God is.powerless-to do justice. EvJry thing in the long run. There is a eastern of compensation in God’s Government, nnd.it will yet be seen that all ■ the oppressions and degradations of the black race: will bo made by God to subserve their advancement and the cause of human liberty throughout the world. Wien and hoa the observant man and the hopeful can almost see now without the glass of faith. Yours truly, ’ <L E. P"B OOEBDXNOS of the Tioga County Teachers’ Institute. The Tioga County Teachers’ Institute met at tbh School House in Tioga, on Tuesday, the 7tb of! April, instant, at 11 o’etnek A. M. The session was opened with an introductory ad dress, by the President F. W.'Clarke, who was followed with a few remarks by Co.- Sup’t H. C. Johns. H. C. Johns and Misses Tyler, Mann and Prntsman were appointed a ‘committee, to ob tain boarding places for- members from a dis tance. Drill in Orthography by H. C. Johns. Ad journed to meet at same place at 1$ o'clock P.M. Met at 1J P. M. Rev. T. K. Beecher of El mira commenced a series of lectures on the art and science of teaching. A large portion of the afternoon was occupied by him. It is not possible to do justice to these' lectures without, a [foil report. I shall explain some of their principal points hereafter. After Mr. Beecher concluded, Rev. Mr. Wild man, of Mansfield, gave a short lecture- on Mental Arithmetic. 1 Adjourned to meet at the Presbyterian Church at 3 o’clock, evening. ■ ’ Evening Opened with mnw by the SW.-UJ >- rl T - Humphrey, Esq., who at inis aua toe two succeeding evening* sessions treated the audience to excellent music,-!' The evening was principally spent in listening to a lecture by Mr. Beecher. Adj. | Morning Session, 24 dag.—Met nt School House at 9 o'clock A.-M. Opened with singing by a select choir. Lecture t>y Mr. Beecher. I Drilling in Mental Arithmev^ < by Mr. Allen, Principal of Wellsboro Academy. ji r . Allen insisted upon requiring, always, logic.! demon strations of solutions. Mr. Garretson K^ u „hf the principal object of training in-this bra. c b ought to be, to cultivate the habit of rapid cal culation, and that the logic was an encum brance ; ns may be illustrated by the two meth ods of performing [addition, tho one by “ spell ing where the successve steps are noted by naming the figures and the sums, and “ read ing,” when the whole process- is mental; the latter by far the most rapid and reliable. He believed there was’scope enough for logic in written arithmetic and ‘mathematics. He also objected to a class|of questions, with which our text books on mental arithmetic abound, com posed of fractious; combined in a form never met with in actual business. Mr. Allen contended that exercises in logical demonstration are of great use in cultivating the reasoning powers, and ought to be required whenever the subjects of recitation admits of it. Mr. Beecher proceeded with'bis lecture. After another recess, on motion of Mr. Johns, Mias Sharpe, Miss Clarke and Mr. Webb were appointed critics. Adj. to li P. M. Afternoon Session.—Quartette by a select choir. Drill in Penmanship by Mr. Johns. Lecture by Mr. Beecher—a rdsiimh of the morn ing lecture. Written Arithmetic by Mr. Wildman. ■ , Adjourned to meet in the Presbyterian Chnrob at 7 o’clock, evening, i Evening Session.— Calling the roll, and mem bers responding with sentiments. Not many responses, questions taken from the “ item box.” j ■ Lecture by Mr. Beeohor. Adj. Merging Session, 3d day.— Met nt the School House at 9 o’clock A. M. Lecture on Mental Arithmetic by Mr. Allen, which resulted in a discussion of the- value of the, method of proof by casting out the nines, in which figure 9 lost some of hie former glory, and was decided to be “ not infallible.” Lecture by Mr. Beecher, partly a rdspmh of hie leotureof last evening. Recess of ten minutes. Speech by Rev. J. F. Calkins. Report;of critics —critics criticised. - Adjourned to 1} o’clock P. M. Afternoon Session. —Mr. Wightman, Princi pal of Osceola Academy, cumrqenced a lecture on Mental Arithmetic, in the i course of which the question was discussed—" Whether denom inate numbers can be litaltiplihd or divided by each other.” . After a recess of five minutes, some one in troduced tho question, “Why does the summer son shine into windows on the north side of a bouse ?” Explanations were given by Messrs; - Wildman, Beecher and V. A. Elliott.. After another short fecessl—-lecture resumed by Mr. Beecher. | Report of'critics. The following resolutions'were selected for discussion between the hours of 7 and 8 at the evening session, viz: Resolved, That military drill ought to be in troduced into comlmou schools; \ Resolved, That {Teachers’ Certificates ought' to be exempt from stamp tax. . Adjourned to meet at. 7 o’clock, evening, at tiie Presbyterian Church. * Evening Session. —The resolution on military dtill*n schools, was discussed, £ The resolution on taxation of Teachers’ cei tificates was discoesed and postponed. ' lecture on Newspaper*, by Mr. Beecher. He declared, them to be the most influential for good or evil of any power in the country. Adjourned. Morning Session—Wi day. - Met at the Sohoolhouse. The discussion of the resolution to exempt certificates from taxation was re sumed by Messrs. Johns, Elliott, Beecher, Gar retson, and others, when it was amended by giving it the negative form, and so passed, It wee urged in favor of the original resolu tion that the spirit of the State law was in fa vor making the burden of the School system as light' as possible. The -negative held that the teachers would be glad to contribute su mach to the support of tbb government; and that the business averaged as profitable as other kinds of buaincsa,hnd could as well bear taxation. That the rebellion was in fact a re volt against common schools; that the exemp tion of school and church property from taxa tion is impolitic, because it placed these inter ests in the position of mendicants. Mr.: Beecher then proceeded with bis lecture en Teaching; this concluded, Superintendent Johns stated that Teachers’ certificates, here tofore issued, de not require a reyenue stamp. Lecture on Penmanship by Mr. Jobrmrkfter which the Committee on officers reported: President of the Institute—B. B. Wins, of 'Wellsboro. Vice-Presidents—Luther E. Elliott, Amanda Mann, Lydia Howe, Benjamin Yandasen, Lucy H. Pitts, S. Augusta Owens. Secretary . Corresponding Secretary—A. R, Wightman, of Osceola. All of whom wera elected by acclamation. The following named Councilors were elected for the districts represented, viz: Bless, D. Cameron ; Charleston, V. A. El liott Chatham, B. Vandoson ; Covington boro’ Miss Boss; Covington, Miss Yonmans; Del mar, Martha Feet; Farmington, Miss M. J, Molfdrd; Jackson, Mary Updike; Lawrence ville, Mary Baldwin; Lawrence, Miss H. J. Inscbo ; Liberty, Miss L. W. Canfield; Mains bnrg, 11. C. Johns; Mansfield, Carrie Gaylord ; Middlebury, Oscar Cole; Nelson, Sophia Tre main j Osceola, A. B. Wightman; Richmond, Squire Clark ; Rutland, Miss A. Simpson f Sul livan, Augusta Owens; Tioga, Wm. Humph rey ; Tioga twp., -Frances Baldwin 5 Ward, Lucinda Pitts; Wellsboro, M. N. Allen. The Council reported Wellsboro as the place of holding the next meeting of the Institute, subject to the call of the County Superintend ent. The following Committee on Resolutions was appointed : D. Cameron, V. A. Elliott, Diantbe Drew. Prof. Allen suggested that the title of “Pro fessor" be omitted in the minutes. Cnpt. El liott requested that military titles might share a like fate. Orders were directed to be drawn for certain items of contingent-expenses, and it was re solved that the balance in the treasury, inclu ding' the evening’s collection, be paid to Mr. Beecher. Messrs. Allen, Wightman, and Y. A. Elliott were appointed a Committee to audit accounts. Adjourned to meet at 1J P. M. Afternoon Session. —Drill in Arithmetic, by Y. A. ElliotfT Also, demonstration of tho rulo of division by fractions by Miss Drew, -geo metrical Progression explained, algebraically, by Mr. Beccber; the same arithmetically, by V. A. Elliott. Repetend decimal fractions explained by 51, N. Allen. Mr. Beecher gave his concluding lecture. Votes of thanks were tendered to the people of Tioga for their kindness and hospitality, to the Tioga Band for their musical entertain ment, and to Rev. Thos. K. Beecher for his ex cellent lectures. On motion, the Institute adjourned sine die. At 7 o’clock, evening, the teachers and citi zonv assembled at the Presbyterian Church, which v nB gn e( j t 0 overflowing, and listened to an impr^g; Te nn( j interesting sermon on the character of by Mr. Beecher. Such as lectures on education will understand how UKoasible it is to give the reader even the in guch form M t 0 be Justly appreciated. I ha,, t , romised to es . plain some of the principal poiu. The theme was treated under tin., beads. Government, Teaching, and Recitation. He,said : The least possible amount of eminent, consistent with order, is beat. Mer. government, byfforoe or authority, ought to be as sparingly used os possible. The, teacher should secure oijper by indirect means, and by engaging the attention of the pupil with in structive exercises, so-varied as to prevent, or relieve, lassitude and restlessness. Teachers who acquire a reputation for quiet and orderly schools, are not, in all cases, the best. Is case the school becomes restless and noisy or dull, the-cause may be foul air; and the room should be ventilated; or it may be fatig ued by attention to regular studies, and these may be intermitted, and familiar “object les sons” introduced, or a short recess conceded. Penmanship and spelling should be taught, first in connexion with each other, afterward in connexion with other studies and recitations. Beginners should commence by copying spel ling and reading lessons, in the type characters —imitated from their text-books.- The script characters may be introduced afterward.. When somewhat advanced, the pnpiT should be exer cised in writing and directing letters, drafting notes of band, 4c.," taking care In all cases to observe the rules of symmetry and neatness. School exercises should be addressed to the necessities of nftei life. Arbitrary truths must be taught. Dependent, or connected troths, should Be learned in their connexion. In teaching, we should regard the natural order of the development of the faculties. The pupil should, if possible* leant things, prior to their names. Studies should be written, and recitations recorded by the pupil. In recitations, the teacher should say as little as possible.’ (Mr. B-, explained a system of -recitation which class to do all tls Work, and nearly all the talking.}' It is a good plan in teaching Geography to exercise die whole school, at once, in drawing maps upon paper or States, while the teacher, dr spine advanced pupil, draws the same map on the blackboard; but the first step is to ex plain the nature and uso of maps, and the meaning'of meridians and parallels of latitude, &o. The map drawing should begin with the dis tricts nearest the school bouse. The teases are first developed, and eda cation* Should begi avtitfr them. ' Tioga, AprU.il, 1862.
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