f f ,AWW!M SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA -SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1SGI. OLD SERIES, VOL. 21, NO 42. NEW SERIES, VOL. 14, NO. 16. 08 2o ou The Sunbury American. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY H. B. MASSES, Market Square, Sunbury, JVnna. TERMS OP SUBSCRIPTION. TWO DOLLAR per nam tot twiil half year , rBiJjv.... NofAr.a d,acontinued '"' arrearages ...paid. T TT-na, ThfM Copies to oim ddrei Bcvft do. . an dn. Five dollar, in advanc. will pay forth" year's sub sutlntlcm to the American. ,,,. .i frank tEaima.ler. will pie... act mom letter, containing .ub.cr ption iinoney. Ihey ac. permit tad to do tliis under the INistOffiee 1-aw. TERMS OF ADVUaTItlNO OneSquareoflS lines' 3 times, Every .ulweauent Insertion, " One Square, 3 months, Six month., ( In irMf . Business Card, or Five line., per snnmn, -Merchant, ami other. .lve,,..nf l.y th with tlie privilege of inserting different adv tr J-argei Adverti.emit., a. per agreement. JOB PRIWTIHO. W. hnvr connected wilh our establishment a well se (acted JOB OF PICK, which will enable n. to execute lata. nctc.t .tyle, every v.iictv of printine.. H.'b.' iA333EP. ATTORNEY AT LAW, BUSBUEY, PA. Buslnes. attended to in the Counties of Nor .umbcrland, Union, Lycoming Montoui and Columbia. References in PhUadelpliia : Hon t,,l- lt.Trsnn. Chas. millions. r..q Somer. & Snideraai, ear, ver- I 00 a im s 110 8 00 3 00 io oo Linn Pmith Co 3. 1 1 o v n c ij a t a vo , No. US Rroadtvny, Hw York. Will carefully attend to Collection, and all other maltcr imruttted to hi. cure. Slav St. 1H5H. FRANKLIN HOUSE, n 1" It V I L T AND REFURNISHED, Cur. of Ilutvard and Franklin Streets, a few Squares West of the X. C. It. 1!. Depot, DAITIMOEE- FlRM., ft FKH DT (V. LEISENTHXG, Proprietor, July 10, IMO. tf F""n Sell" C"ve, Pa. WILLIAM V .OMKHS CHALKLKI SOMKns. G. SOMERS & SON, Importers and- Dealers in Cloths, Cassimeres. Vestings, Taylors Trimmings, &c, Ko 3S South Fourth Street, between Market and Cheanut Street, Philadelphia. Merchant other, visiting the city would find it to their advantage to givo them a call and ex iinine their atock. March 10, 1860 Waterloo tbo day after the Battle. Oo surface of two square miles it wat ascertained that fitly thousand men and borees were lying 1 The luxurious crop of ripe graio which bad covered tbe field of battle, was reduced to s litter, sod beaten Into the earth ; and tbe surface trodden down by tbe cavalry, and furrowed deeply by tbe cannon wheels, strewed by many a relio of tbe fight. Helmets end cuirasses, shattered firearms and broken swot ds ; all the variety of military ornaments, lancer caps and Highland bon nets ; uniforms of every color, plume end pennon ; musical instruments, iue apparatus of artillery, drums, bugles, bat good Uod I why dwell on tbe harrowing picture of a foreotteo Geld f each and ever; roinous display bore mote testimony to tbe misery of aucb a battle. Could the melancholy appearance of this scene of death be heightened, it woold be by witnessing the researches of tbe living, amid its desolation, for tbe objects of their love. Mother, and wives, and children, were occu pied In that mournful doty ; and tbe confu sion of tbe corpses friend and foe inter mingled, as the were often rendered the attempt at recognizing individuals difficult, and in some cases impossible. In many places tbe dead lay four deep npon each other, murking tbe spot some British square bad occupied, exposed for boors to the murderous fire of a Fricch battery. Uutside, lancer end cuirassier were scattered thickly on tbe earth. Madly attempting to force the seried bayonets of the British, tbey bad fallen in tbe bootless essay by tbe mus ketry of the loner files. Further oo, you trace where tbe cavalry of France and Eng. laud had encountered, cbassear and hasseur were intermingled, and tbe beuvy Norman horses of tbe Imperial Guard were inter spersed with tbe gray chargers which had carried Albyus chivalry. Here the High luuder and traileur lay, side by side, together ; and the buavy dragoon, with green Frio's badge upon bis helmet, was grappling io death wilh the Polish lancer. Oa the summit of the ridge, where tbe ground was cumbered with dead, and trodden fetlock deep in mud and gore by tbe frequent rush of rival cavalry, the tbick strewn corpses of tbe Imperial Uuard pointed out tbe .pot where Napoleon bad been defeated. Here, in column that favored corps, on whom bis last chances rested, bad been annihilated ; and the advance and repulse of tbe Guard was traceable by a mass of I'alleo Frenchmen. In tbe hollow below, tbe last struggle of France bad been vainly made ; for there the Old Uuaid attempted to meet the British, and afford time for their disorganized com panions to rally. J. P. SHIN DEL GOBIN, Attorney 6j Counsellor at Law SUNBURY, WILL attend faithfully to the collection ofclaims and all professional buaineaa in the countiea of Northumberland, Montour, Union and Snyder. rrtvA,, in thn German lanzuaize. j-j- oiBce one door east of the Prothoiiotary'a j office. Sunbury, May 30, I860. ly j THE INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, UROAUWAY, CORNER OF FRANKLIN STREET NEW TTORIC CITY, rr... i...iee,nent. to Merchant, mid Touri.t. vi.iling ,w Yoik.unmirr -dhy any Hotel m the 0f WOr I e l-ne . nj.re .in.! the mlvm.t'e. winch it po. J " 1 ,VMiul which w.ll he appreciated hy i.l Uaveler.. hard lot a 1st. A central location, c.mveulent to place, of Du.llieiM, , $er a mia is vveM n. place, ot utnu.enieni. id sL"iro!ni.ly clean, well furnished .ifinS room., .vilh'a imwiiificent Lidice I'allor, cJinniundins u "ten- :i.'r view nr urimiiwrtv . , 3.1. Irce and .uperhly fumi.hed ittmar room., with a ,U'ii.ticul Parlor, eoinmanding an extei.aive view of minni 4i Ucnir conducted on the Furnpean plan, vi.itor. hve .n the beat .tyle, with the greuie.t economy Slii. It i. connected wilh rajlor's Celebrated Saloon, wlieruviiilor.mil have their meal., or, if they dcire thev will he furmihed in their own room.. Gill The fu;e.ved in the rMloon. and Hotel la ac VnowlMlucl by epiemca. to be va.tly .U(erior to that of anv other Hotel ill the city. . . Wh lllhe adv.nu.KC, the .t of iv.nt : Ml lb. ,.. i ,.h below that of any other hrat elan. f!' v . r.ll 40N J lintel. Aupu.t 4, 186U. W , p.M.niNG'S Prepared Glue, and Shelley. Mucilaga Price per boltle and hruih t cent. Cordial Elix.r of Cliaaya Bark it Beniine, for removmi "" FOR BVLE AT THIS OFFICE, fiunhury. March 17 le6U. GIION CO., Proprietor.. a NEW LOT OF HARDWARE A lil.F.RY. Also, the heat assortment of Iror Naila an'l tsteel to be fonnd in the county, at the Mammoth .tore of FKILINU el UKn I , ritinbnry, une S, 1860. cofectkInaiiies, TOYS &c. vl. O. GBARHAT, ry1i"N8TANTLY keep, on band all kinds of U J r,.,i,fp. iionaries. truit and I oys, wnicli lie is sollitiK at wholesale and retail. Having the necessary machinery &e., b U manufacturing all kinds of Toy., and keeps up his .lock, o that purchasers will not be at a loss tor a supply almost any article they may desire. APPLES! APPLES ! ! APPLES!!! .Lilt received, a larire lot of auplea. which ha is telling at wholesale and retail, at low prices (Jive us a call. M. C. GEAUHARr Runbury, March 8, 1801. if ' SKELETON SKIRT8- A T the Mammoth Store will be found a Mrs. Partington's Visit to the Tented Field. We take tbe following from tbe Boston I'ust . '-Did the guard present arms to you, Mrs. Partington 1" asked the commissary of bar as she entered tbe marquee. "You moan tbe ceotory," she said, smiling. "I have heard so much about tbe tainted field that 1 believe I could deplore an attachment into line myself, and secure them as well as an officer. Yon asked me if tbe guard presented arms. He didn't, but a sweet little man with an epilepsy on his shoulder and a smile on bis ! face did, and asked me if 1 wouldn't go into a tent and smile. 1 told hitn tbat we could both smile outside, when be politely touched bis chateau aud left me." The commissary presented a bard wooden stool upon which she reposed herself. "Tbis is one of tbe seats eoppose 7 said she. "Ob, wnal a soldier is objected to. 1 uon t woo- at tbe hardened lunuence or a sol dier's life. What is tbat fort" said sbe, as tbe noise of tbe cannon saluted her ear. "I hope tbey baiu't tiring on my account." Tbete was a solicitude in ber tones as sbe spoke, and sbe was informed it was only the Governor, who bad just arrived upon tbo field. "Dear me," said sbe, "bow crnel it must be ta make tbe old gentlemen come way down here, when be is so feeble tbat be has to take bis stuff with bim wherever be goes." Sbe was so affected at tbe idea tbat sbe bad to take a few drops of white wine .to restore ber equilibrium, aud to counteract tbe dust from tbe "tainted field." Passagk ok Tiioors through Bai.timork. Since tbe first of June tbe following regi ments of United States troops bave passed through lialtimore to Washington : Number of Men. 1st .Maine, tsau ; zna ao 840; 3ddolOGu; 4tb do lO.iC ; 5tbdo 1000. 2d Michigan 900 ; 3d do 1034. 1st Mitne sola 104li. 1st Massachusetts 1050. 1st New Jersey 1010 ; 2d do 1044 ; 3d do 9'J6. 2d New Hampshire 1000. 14th New York HO; 15th do 770 ; 16th 810; l'Jtb do 810; 21st 770: 27tb do 850; 28tb 850 ; 31st do 825 ; 37lb 819. 2d Pennsylvania riuiall'i regiment 1000. 1226. 2d Wibcodsio 1040. 2J Vermont 000. United States Infantry 1400. Re cruits (various bodies,) 1300. Total, 31,902. Jo addition to tuis total or tniriy one tbousaud nine hundred aud two men going to Washington, tbe First Rhode Island reg iment passed through to (Jbambershurg, and returned to Washington, aoo toe 1 birteentn and Twentieth New York regiments bave arrived and are still stationed there. A Model Biography. Perhaps tbe briefest personal memoirs ever written were those of Count Roptopebin, written In ten minutes. We subjoin a few paragraphs, each of which constitute "chap ter." Mr Birth. On tbe 12ib day nf March, 17C5, 1 merged from darkness Into light of day. I was measured, I was weighed, I was baptised. 1 was born witbont knowing wherefore, and my parents thanked lleaveq withoot knowing for wbat. My Education. I was taught all sorts of things, and learned all sorts of languages. By dint of impotence and quackery, I some times passed for a savant. My bead bas be come a library of odd volumes, of which I keep the key. Mr Si'kfrrinos. I was tormented by mas ters ; by tailors, who made tight dresses for me by women ; by ambition ; by self-love ; by useless regrets, and by remembrances. Memorable Krocus. At tbe age of thirty, I gave op dancing ; at forty my endeavors to please tbe fair sex : at fifty, my regard of thinking ; and 1 bave now become a true sape, or egotist, which is the same thing. Kkhi'kctablk 1 binch'lf.9. 1 bave never meddled ic any marriages or scandal. 1 bave never recommended a cook or physician and eonsequotly bave never attempted the lifrt of any one. My Dislikks. I have a dislike to sots and fops, and to intriguing womeo who make a game or virtue ; a ditgusl of aOectatioo ; a pity for made-op men and painted women an aversion to rats, liquors, metaphysics, and rhubarbs ; a terror of justice and wild beasts. Analysis of my Life 1 await death without fear and without impatience. My life has been a bad melodrama on a ground stage, wbere I have played the bero, tbe tyrant, the lover, tbe nobleman but never tbe varlet. My EriTAPii. Here lies, io bope of re. sponse, an old deceased man, with a worn out spirit, an exhausted heart, and a used-up body. Jjadies and gentlemen, pass on. Rathkr Suort. The Boston Traveler states tbat most of the shirts made by tbe ladies of Boston for the volunteers, are from four to six inches too short : Like a man without a wife, Like a ship without a sail. The most useless thing in life Is a shirt without a proper length. Says tbe Boston Saturday Evening Gazette A man in Berks co., Pennsylvania bas a rose bush io bis garden which blossoms with red, white and blue roses. So says a reliable exchange. We can better tbis, for Mr. Jones, of.Uambridge assures ub that bo bas got a lilacb bush tbat is budded with minia ture American flags and patriotic breast pins, and tbat a robin comes there every morning aud whistles "Yankee Doodle" on it. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Felltw Cilisrni rf the Senate end Home of Representatives : Having been convened oo ao extraordinary occasion authorized by tbe Constitution, your attention is not called to any ordinary subject of legislation. At tbe beginning of tbe Presidential term, foor months ago, the functions ot Ike federal Qoveroment were found to be generally suspended within tbe several States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida, excepting only those of the Post Office Department. Within these States all the forts, arsenals, dock yards, custom bouses and tbe like, bad been seized and were held in open hostility to this Government, excepting only forts Pickens, Taylor, and Jefferson, on and near the Florida coast, and Fort Sumter, in Charles ton harbor, South Carolina. The forts thus seized had been put in improved condition. New ones bad been built, and armed forces bad been organised and were organizing, all avowedly with tbe same hostile purpose. Tbe forts remaining in tbe possession of the Federal Government In and near these States were either besieged or menaced by warlike preparations, and especially Fort Sampler, which was nearly sorrounned by well-projected hostile batteries with guns equul in quality to the best of its own, and outnum bering tbe latter as perhaps ten to one. A disproportionate share of the Federal mus kets aod rides had somehow fonnd their way into these States, and bad been seized to be used against the Government. Accumula tions of tbe publio revenue, lying within them, had been seized for tbe same object. Tbe navy was scattered In distant sees, leaving but a very small part of it within the immediate reach of tbe Uov-;nment. Offi cers of the Federal army and navy had re signed io great numbers, and of tbose resign ing a large proportion had taken op arms against the Government. Simultaneously, aod in connection with all tbis, tbe purpose to sever tbe Federal Uoioo was openly avowed. In accordance with tbis purpose an ordinance bad been adopted in each of these States declaring tbe States respectively to be separated from tbe National Union. A formula for instituting a combined Govern ment of these States bad been promulgated, aod tbis illegal organization in tbe character of Confederate States was already invoking recognition, aio, ana luierveunou iruui luieigu Powers. I Finding this condition or things, and be- j lieving it to be an imperative duty upon tbe j iucoming Executive to prevent, if possible, I the consummation of such attempt to destroy . tbe Federal Union, a choice of means to tbat end became indispensable. Tbis choice was . made, aod was declared in the Inaugural Address. Tbe policy chosen looked to tbe exbuostioo of all peaceful measures before a resort to any stronger ones. It sought only j to bold the public places and property not , from tbe Government, and reduction of Fort Sumter was in no sense a matter of self defence oo the part of tbe assailants. Tbey well knew tbat tbe garrison in tbe fort could by no possibility commit aggression upon them. Tbey knew tbey were expressly notified tbat the giving of bread to tbe few brave and hungry men of tbe garrison was all which could, on tbat occasion, be attempted, nnless themselves by resisting so much should provoke more. Tbey knew that tbis Government desired to keep tbis garrison io the fort ; not to assail them, but merely to maintain visible porses f ion, trusting, as hereinbefore stated, to time, discussion, aod the ballot-box, for final adjustment. And they assailed and reduced tbe fort for precisely tbe reverse object to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Uuion, and thus force it to immediate disso lution. That Ibis wna the object, the Eiecutive well understood ( and having said to them in the In augural cl diets, "you c.in have no con flic with out being youmelves the naiiressnrs " he took paina not only to keep this declaration good, but also to keep the ease so free from the power of ingenious sophistry aa that the world should not be able to misunderstand it. LI) the affair at Port Sumpler, wilh its surrounding circumstan ces, that point was reached. Then and thereby the assailants of the Government begain the con flict of arma without a gun in sight or in expec tancy to return their lire, save only the few in the fort, sent to that harbor ycara before for their own protection, and still ready to give that pro tection, and .till ready to give that protection in whatever wa. lawful. In this act, discarding all else, they bave forced upon the country the dis tinct issue immediate dissolution of blood. And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United Hfates. It presents to tbe whole family of man the question whether a Constitutional Re public or Democracy a government of the peo ple by the same people can or cannot maintain it. territorial integrity against its domestic foes' It presents the question whether discontented in dividuals, too lew in numbers to control the Ad ministration according to the organic law in any case, can always, upon the pretences made in this case or any other pretence, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to the freest government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: Is there in all Kepublica this inhesent and fatal weakness 1 Must a government of ne cessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people or too weak to maintain it. own exi.tcncel So viewing the issue, no choice wis left but to call out the war power of the Government, and su to resist the force employed for its destruction by force for its preservation. The call was made, Bod tbe response of the country was most gratifying, surpassing io tiuauiuiity and spirit tbe most sanguine ex pectations. Yet nono of the States common ly called slave States, except Delaware, gave a regiment through regular State organiza tion. A few regiments have been organized within some others of tbose States by individ ual enterprise, and received into the Govern ment service. Of course the seceded States to collect the revenne. relvinff for the rest on i ? c"lled- 8tld to b.lcb. 1 eJ!ae had beeo joined . ithniil. I ,,A tiuia ftt IhA inaiiirn ml nn Dt,i riiBPUAainn. nri tha. h.llnt box. It . ' r- time, A New Arm. A new arm is now being exhibited in New York. Tbe article is a grenade, and is thrown by band in such a manner, as to invariably strike oo its point, which causes instant explosion and conse quent destruction or the object that it comes iu contact with. It is of ao oval form, aud may be any size, from one pound op to eight. Instead of tbe charge being ignited by a fuse, as is usual, it is done by ao ordinary percus sion cap. Tbe nipple on which the cap is placed is bidden from view, and everything is so arranged tbat it is perfectly burmless, unless wben intended to be thrown. As it is necessary tbat tbe grenade should always strike on its point, a vane is affixed at uue end, which properly directs its course. This Monitor Capsized. "1 my time. miss," said a stern aunt, "the men looked at tbe women's faces instead of tbeir ankles I" "Abl my dear aunt," retorted tbe youog lady, "you sue tbe world bas improved, and is more civilized tbao it used to be. It looks more to tbe understanding." promised a continuance of tbe mails, at the Government's expense, to tbe very people wbo were resisting tbe Government, and it gave repeated pledges against any disturban ces to any of the people, or any of tbeir rights. Of all that wbich 4 President might constitutionally aud justifiably do in Bucb a ; case everything was lorbitfne, without wbicb it was believed possible to keep the Govern ment ou foot. On tbe 5th of March, tbe present incum bent's first full day in office, a letter of Major Anderson, commanding at fort bumpier, written oo tbe 28th of February, aod received at tbe War Department on tbu4lh of March, was, by tbat Department, placed in bis bands. Tbis letter expressed tbe professional opinion of tbe writer tbat reinforcements could not be tbrowo into tbat fort, witbin tbe time for bis relief rendered necessary hy tbe limited supply of provisions, and with a view of bold ing possession of the same, with a force of less than 20,000 good aod well-disciphued men. This opinion was concurred in by all tbe officers of bis command ; aud tbeir memo randa oo tbe subject were made enclosures of Maior Andersons letter. 1 be wtiola was no ' troops to tbe cause of tbe Union. Tbe Bor ! der Slates, so called, were not uniform jo tbeir action, some of Mietu being almost unanimous for the Union, while in others, as Virginia and North Carolina, Tenneeee and Arkansas, the Uoioo sentiment was nearly repressed and si lenced. The course taken iu Virginia was tbe most remarkable, perhaps the most impor tant. A convention elected by tbe people of that State to cousider this very question of disrupting tbe federal Luinn was io session at tbe capital of Virginia when Fort Sumter fell. To this body tbe people had chosen a large majority of professed Union men. Al most immediately after tbe fall of Sumter many members ol that majority went over to tbe original disunion minority, and with them adopted the ordinance for withdrawing the State from tbe Union. Whether tbis change was wrought by tbeir great approval of tbe as sault upon Suuiter, or tbe trreat resentment at tbe Governments resistance to tbat as sault, is not detinitely known. Although tbey submitted tue ordinance for ratiucalioo to a ! vote of tbe people, to be taken on a day then I somewhat more than a month distant, tbe Convention aod tbe Legislature, wbicb was in do do do do 800 ; 18tb 1000; 22d 840 ; 2 '.Uh 800; 7Dlh do do do do 10G0 ; 9th do 770 ; 2d Rhode Island of Trie Uundrkd Dollar Uot'MTT. It may not be generally known tbat those of our vol nnteers wbo enter tbe service for three years, will be entitled, at tbe termination of tbeir very large assortment of Skeleton Skirts Urm of 0i8lmeot to a bounty of one bun from seven boons UD to thirty. Oct. 6, I860. FR1UNO & GRANT, KeroHeiie Lamps. yi VERY LARGE and cheap assortment will be found at the Mammoth Store or Dec 15, I8b. FRILINU & GRANT. O! YE LOVER8 Or SOUP I A Iresn aupply of Macaroni anal Confectionery at FRILINU & GRANT'S. II Sunbury, June 3, I860. IT is important to the i. A DIES to know that Filling & Grant, have me oesi ami largest assortment of Dress Goods in the county. Sunbury, June 8, I860. A FRESH SUPPLY OF DRUGS at the Mammoth Store. Also, anew lot of per fumery, Soaps and Fancy A rticle. Very cheap FRILINU & UKAK i . 8unbury, May tS, I860. JATENT BR1TTANIA STOPPERS fo bar bottles lor aaie ly H. B MASSER. dred dollars. Io General order number fif teen, issued by tbe War department May 4th the ract is distinctly set fortb. Ibe order provides that "every volunteer non commis siooed officer, private, musician and artificer, wbo enters tbe service cf tbe L uitea b tales under tbis plan, shall be paid at the rate of nity cents; ana ir a cavalry volunteer, tweuty-five cents additional in lieu of forage, for every twenty miles travel from bis borne to tbe place or muster tbe distance to be measured by tbe shortest usually traveled route aod when bonoraoiy discharged, an allowance, at the same rate from tbe place of discbarge to bis borne, aod, io addition thereto, tbe sum of one Buoareo dollars. Any volunteer wbo my be received Into tbe service of tbe United States nnder tbis plan, aod wbo may be wounded or otherwise diss- For the Sunbury Ameiican.) Camp, mkar Downsvili.r, Mo.,) Sunday, J uue 30, 1801. j Dear Wilvert: We are again ordered to march. Of our destination we are perfectly ignorant, but it is supposed we will go into irgioia, below Marliusburg, wben tbe.nun; of the Eleventh Regiment will be tiied. It seems tbere is to be a battle at Manassas Gap, and tbe rebels, if victorious there, will then proceed against Washington city ; io the meantime tbey keep a considerable force on tbe Virginia side of the Potomac to impede tbe progress of Geoeral Patterson's Division, to make a more sure victory at tbe Gap. In this 1 tbiuk tbey will be mistaken, for Gen. Patterson, under tbe direction of the brave old Scott, will push his men through to aid tbe main army, whatever may oppose, and then tbey tbey (tbe rebels) will say, as tbe coon did to Capt. Scott, "don't sboot, 1 II knock under. Our boys are in good health and io fine spiiits tbe prospect or a tight makes them quite hilarious, aud l bave oo doubt if they meet tbe enemy you will bear such ao account of them that tbeir friends at borne will not be ashamed to listen to. I don't say tbis for tbeui in tbe style of a bragadocio, but in trutb, for 1 bave koowo them twice to be ordered to march, when tbere wos every appearance of a fight, when not a cheek blanched, and every man seemed eager for tbe fray. On our march from llagerstown, yesterdsy, we met ao officer of the 23 J Pennsylvania Regiment, oo the aide of the road, who bad in bis possession a military cap with the let ters o. li. lueauregard Kinas) oo the iront of it. A part of their Regiment, tbe day before, were over tbe river oo a scout; tbey met some rebels, bad a brush with tbem made tbem retreat, and brought tbe cap to tbeir regiment as a topby. Tbe officer, wbo held the cap so that we eooid an sea iv as we pasted, seemed very prood or oaving it in bis Dosseasiou. aud looked as It he would ratber bold somelbiog of more importance for our luspaclioo, for instance, toe Dead ol Jeff. Davi. Job Smith (Bacbmao'i jour) is now tbs proudest man to our company, xesieroay, when ordered to mercn. joe was oeianea as cattle guard or driver. It is ratber a tedious Diece of work, aod on coming into mis camp Joe was the only driver left, the rest of tbem cava oat. and be bad driven, tne came aooui immediately laid berore Lieut. General Scott, : " wbo at once concurred with Major Anderson . g oiembers of tbe State not members of ei in tb.t opiuioo. Oo reflection, however, be ther, immediately commenced acting as if the t.,ir f,,n lim. i.nn.,,1) in wilh t h.r ofti.-era . State were already out of the Uuion. 1 hey Ik -,a L. t. .. .nJ or four days came reluctantly, but decidedly, j (""""J1 t" & "eJ the to tbe same conclusion as before. He also ited Mates armory at Harpers Ferry, and stated at tbe same lime that no sucb sufficient I J,1'8 oavy yard at Gospnrt, near Norfo.k. 15 AR Iron. Steel. Nails, Picks, Grub-Hoes aud Mason Hammers, at low prices. BRIGHT A BON. Sunbury, J una ,1810. bled io tbe service, sball ba entitled to tbe one third of tbe way by bimielf. Joe takes benefits wbicb bave be. a or may be conferred I bis honors quite easy, aod says I oou i care oo persons disabled in tbs service, and tne oey naa to knock onder. . . . .. ...... I w . i: leesl Lairs of sucb aa die or mav be Killed IB I xou most excuse tne snortoeai tui the service, in addition to all arrears of pay 1 letter, as 1 am ordered to play tbe tatt-to, aod and allowances, anaii receive me sua ei one Kv reauv ior our marcu tu-uitu. , a hundred dollars." 1 o'clock sucb are tbe orders. Wben yon next bear from me I bope 1 cso lulorm you A Wit once asked a peasant wbat part he tbat wa "bave done tbe btale some service performed io tbe great drama of life. "I I Yours, fraternally, mind my own business," was tbe reply. ' II. P. W, and at tbe eud ' pushed their military preparations vigoronBly force wus then within the control of tbe Government, or could be raised and brought to the ground within tbe time wben tbe provisions io tbe fort would be exhausted. o a purely military point of view, tbis reduced tbe doty of tbe Administration in the case to the mere matter of getting the garri son safely out of Ibe fort. It was believed, however, that to so abandon tbat position, onder the circumstances, would be utterly ruinous ; that tbe oeoassity ouoer wnicu u was to be done woold not be fully understood ; tbat by many it would be construed as a p.rt of a voluntary policy ; tbat at borne it would distourage tbe friends of tbe Union, embolden its adversaries, and go lur to insure tbe letter a recognition abroad ; tbat, In fact, it would be our national destruction consummated. This could not be allowed. Starvation was not yet upon tbe garrison, and ere it would be reached Fort Pickens migbt be reinforced. This last would be a clear indication of policy, and would better enable the country to accept tbe evacuatiou of Fort Sumpler as a military oecessit. Ao order was at once directed to be sent for the landing of tbe troops from tbe steamship Brooklyn into fort PickeDS. This order could not go by lauc, out must take the louger aod slower route by sea. Tbe first return news from tbe order was received just one week before the Tall of fori Sumpter. Tbe news itself wss tbat tbe officercommandiog tbe Sabine, to wbicb ves sel tbe troops bad beeo transferred from tbs Brooklyn, acting upon some rytott armistice of tbe late Administration, aod of tbe exis tence of wbich tbe preseot Administration, up to tbe time the order was despatched, bud only too vague aod uocertaiu rumors to fix atleotion, bad refused to laud tba troops To now reinforce Fort Pickeus before a crisis woold be reached at Fort Sumpter was im possible, rendered so by tbe near exhaustion of provisions io tbe latter named fort. Io such a conjuncture tbe Government bad few days belere commenced piaparing ao expedition, as well adapted as migbt be, to relieve Fort Sumpter, wbicb expedition was intended to be ultimately used or not, accord ing to circumstances. Tbe strongest antici pated ease for using it was now presented, and it was resolved le tend it forward, at bad beeo iuteaded io tbis contingency. It wss also resolved to notify' tba Government of Soutb Carolina tbat if tba attempt should not be resisted there would be oo effort to throw bit men, arms, or ammauition without further notice, or in case of ao attack open tbe fort. This nolica was accordingly giveu, whereupon the fort was attacked and bom barded to its fall, without even awaiting tbe arrival of the previsiooipg expedition, it is thus seen that the assault apom ana tbu They received, perhaps invited, into thei State large bodies of troops, with their war like appointments, frnm tbe so-called seceded States. 1 hey formally entered into a treaty of temporary u'.liance and cooperation with tbe so railed Confederate States, and sent members to tbeir Congress at Montgomery, and finally, tbey permuted tbe insurrection ry Government to be transferred to tbeir cap ital at Richmond The people of Virginia bavn thus allowed tbis giuct insurrection to make its nest with in her bordeis, aud this Goverunient bas co choice left but to deal with it wbere it finds it, and it has the less regret as the loyal citi zens bave, io due form, claimed its protectisn These loyal citizens this Goveromeet is bound to recogoize aud protect as being irgiuia Id the Border States so called, in fact, tbe Middle Stales tbere are tbose wbo favor what tl'.ey call an armed neutrality ; that is an arm ing of those States to prevent tbe Union for ces from passing one way or the Disunion the other, over their soil. This would be Disun ion completed, figuratively speaking. It would be tbe buildiug of ao impassable wall along tbe line of separation, and yet not quite an impassable one, for onder tbe guise ol neu trality it would tie tbe hands of the Union men. and freely pass supplies from among them to the insurrectionists, wbicb it could not do as au open enemy. At a stroke it woold take all tba trouble off the bands of secession, except only what proceeds from tbe external blockade. It would do for the Disunionists tbat wbicb. of all things, tbey most desire feed Ibem well, and give tbem disunion with out a struggle of tbeir own. It recognizes uo fidelity to the Coustition, no obligation to maintain tbe Union : and. while msoy who bave favored It are doubtless loyal, it is nev ertheless very Injurious in eaect. Recurring to tbe action of the Government, it may be stated tbat at first a call was made for seventy-five thousand militia, aud rapidly following tbis a proclamation was issued for closing the ports or the insurrectionary cub tricts, by proceedings in the nature of a block Sooo after tbe first call for militia, it wst considered duty to authorise tbe Command ing General In proper causes, according to bis discretion, to suspend tbe privilege or tbe writs of habeas corpus, or, io other words, to arrest aod detain, without resort to tbe ordi nary processes and forms of law, sucb individuals as ba might deem dangeroos to tbe publio safety. Tbis authority bas pur posely beeo exercises but very sparingly. Nevertheless, the legality and propriety of wbat bas beeo done under It are questioned, and tbe attention of tbe country bas beeo called to tbe proposition that one who is sworn to take care that tbe laws be faithfully executed should not himself violate them. Ol course some consideration was given to the questions of power and propriety, before ibis matter was acted on. Tbe whole of the laws which were required to be faithfully executed were being resisted, and failing of execution in nearly one third of tbe Slates. Must tbey be allowed to finally tail of execution, even bad it been perfectly clear tbat, by the use of the means necessary to ibeir execution, some siogie law, made in such extreme tenderness of the citizens liber- ty that, practically, it relieves more of the guilty than of the innocent, should, to a very limited extent, be violated. To state the question more directly, are all tbe laws but one to go unexecuted, and tbe Govercment itself go to pieces lest tbat one be violated f Even io each a case, would not the official oath be broken if the Government should be overthrown, when it was believed disregarding the single law would teod to preserve it? But it was not believed tbat tbis question was presented. It was not believed tbat any law was violated. The provision or tbe Constitution, that tbe privi lege of the writ of habeas corpus sball not be suspended unless wben, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it, is equivalent to a provision tbat sucb privi lege may be suspended when, io cases of rebellion or invasion, the publio safety does require it. It was decided that we bave a case of rebellion, and tbat tbe public safety does require tbe qualified suspension of tbe privilege of the writ which was authorized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress and not the Executive, is vested wilh this power, But tbe Constitution itself is silent as to wbicb or to wbo is ta exercise tbe power, aod as tbe provision was plainly made for a dan gerous emergency, it cannot be believed tbat tbe framers of the instrument intended that io every case tbe danger should run its course. Cougress could be called together, tb very assembling of wbich miht be prevented, as was intended In this case by tbe rebellion. ISO more extended argument is now offered, as an opinion at some length will probably be presented by tbe Attorney General whether there sball be any legislation upon tbo subject, and if any, what it is, submitted entirely to the better judgment of Congress 1 he lorbenrence or this Government bad been so extraordinary and so long continued as to lead some foreign nation to shape tbeir action as if tbey supposed the early destruction of our National Union was prou able. Wbilo this, on discovery, cave tbe Executive some concern, he is now happy to Bay that the Sovereignty aud rights of tbe L nited btaten are now everywhere principally respected by foreign Powers, and a general sympathy with the country is manifested throughout tbe world. 1 be reports of the Secretaries of tbe Treasury, War, and Navy, will give the infor mation in detail deemed necessary and con venient for your deliberation and action, while the Executive aod all the departments will stand ready to supply omissions, or to communicate new facts considered important lor you to Enow. it is now recommended that yoa give tbe legal means for making this contest a short and decisive one; tbat yoa place at the control of the Government, for the work, at least 400.000 men and $400,000,000. Tbat number of men is about one tenth of those of proper ages witbin tbe regions where nrfmr- ently all are willing to engage, and the Bum is less than a twenty-third part of tbe mouey value owued by tbe tueu who seem ready to devote tbe whole. A debt of SOL'0,000,000 now is a less sum per bead tban was the debt of our own Rev olution, wben we came out of tbat struggle ; aod tbe mouey value in tbe country uow bears even a greater proportion to what it was then than does tbe population. Surely eacb man bas as strong a motive now to preserve our liberties as each bad then to establish tbem. A right result at tbis time will be worth more to tbe world tban ten times tbe men and ten times the mouey. Tbe evidence reaching us from tbe country leaves no doubt that the material for tbe work is abundant, and that it needs only tbe baud of legislation to give it legal sanction, aud tbe band of the Executive to give it a practical shape and efficiency. One of tbe greatest perplexities of tbe Government is to avoia receiving troops faster tban providing for them. In a word, the people will save tbe Goverument if the Government itself will do its part only indifierently well. It migbt seem, at first tboogbt, to be of little ditlereoce whether the present move ment at tbe South be called secession or rebellion. Tbe movers, however, well under stand tbe difference. At the beginning tbey knew tbey could never raise tbeir treason to any respectable tnugnitue by any name which implies violation of law. They knew tbeir people possessed os much of moral sense, as much ot devotion to law and order, aod us much pride in, aud reverence fur, tbe history and Government of tbeir common country as ny other civilized and patriotic people. Tbey knew tbey could make oo advancement directly in tbe leetb of these strong aod noble sentiments. Accordingly tbey com menced by an iusidious debauching of the public mind. Tbey invented an ingeuius sophism which, if conceded, was followed by perfectly logical steps through all the inci dents to the complete destruction of the Uuion. Tbe sophism itself is that any Stats of tbe Uuion may consistently witb the Natioual Constitution, aud therefore lawfully and peacefully, withdraw from the Union, without the couseut of the Union or of auy other Slate. Tbe little disguise, tbat the supposed right is to be exercised ouly for a just cause, because tbey themselves are to be tbe sole bj v ail uwvLUlUbS St. auw uta.u w. mm vivv . ... ade. So far. this was believed to be strictly JuuKea oi it. justice, is tuv tutu tu merit su, leral. uullce- At this point, tbe insurrectionists announced Witb rebellion tbut sugar coated, tbey their purpose to enter upon the practice of bave been drugging tbe public mind of their privateering. Other calls wera made for vol- seciion for more than thirty years, and until uuteen to serve three years, unless sooner at leogtb they bave brought many good men discharged, aud also Tor large additions to tbe to a witliogoess to take up arms against the rppuUr itmi and raw. Thdaa measures Government the dav after tome assemblage whether strictly legal or not, were ventured of men bare enacted tbe far c dal pretence of niinn under wbat annearerl ta ba a nnnular I laainar ineir oiate out Ol tue uuiun, wuu demand aod public necessity, trusting, then, as now, that Congress would readily ratify tbem. It is believed that nothing bas been done beyond the constitutional compelubvy ot L jugress. could bave been brought to no such thing tbe day before. This sophism derives much, perhaps the whole of its currency, from the assumption that tbsre is some omnipotent and sacred sopremsey pertaining to a Stats, to each State of oar Federal Union. Oar States h.ve onitber more nor less power tban tbat reserved to them In tbe Union by tbe Con siitotioo. no one or them ever having beeo a State out of tbe Union. The original ones passed into the Union even before they cast off their British colonial dependence, and the new ones each ctme into the Union directly Into tbe Union directly from a condition of depeodencn, excepting Texas J and even Texas, In its temporary independence, was never designated a State. Ibe new ones only took tbe designation of Slates oo coming into tbe Union ; while that name was first adopted for the old ones In and by the Declaration of Independence. Therein tbe United Colonies were declared to be free and independent States. But even then tbe object plainly was not lode, clare (heir independence of one another, or of the Union, but directly the contrary, as their mutual pledge and then mutual action, before, at the lime, and afterwards, abundantly .how. The ex. press plighting ol faith, by e.cb and all the origi nal thirteen, in th. Articles of Confederation two year, later, that "tbe Union shall be perpe tual," i. most conclusive. Having never been States, either in aubstance er name outside of the Union, whence this magical omnipotence of State Rights asserting a claim of power to law fully destroy the Union itsein Much is said about the sovereignty of the State., but the word even, i. not in the National Constitution, nor, as is believed, in any of the State Constitu tions. What a. a sovereignty, in tte political sense of the term I Would it be far wrong to de fine it ' a political community without a political superior 1" Tested by this, no one of our State, except Texas ever was a sovereignty, and even I exas gave up the character on coming into the Union, by which act she acknowledged the Con stitution of the United States, and the lawa and treaties ol the United States, made in pursuance of the Constitution, to be for hei the supreme law of the land. Tbe State, bave their statu, in the Union, and they have no other legal statu.. If they break from this, they can only do so against law, and by revolution. The Union, and not themselves separated, procured their inde pendence and their liberty. By conquest or purchase, tue Union gave each ol them whatever of independence and liberty it has. The f ' is older than any of the State., and in f created them as Stale.. Originally, sop pendent colonies mailo the Union, and, i the Uuion threw off their old dependence I and made them States, such as they are. of tbem ever had a State Constitution i' ent of the Union. Of course, it is not forgotten that all ' Slate framed their Constitution before, t, tered the Union ; nevertheless dependen' and preparatory to coming into the Unior Unquestionably, tbe State, have the : and rights reserved to them in and by lional Constitution , but among these, surely, are not included all conceivable power., however mi. chievious or destructive, but at most, such only as are known iu tbe woild at the time as govern mental powers, and certainly a power to destroy the Government itsell bad never known as govern' mental a mere administrative power. This relative matter of national power and State rights as a principle is no other than the principle of generality and locality. Whatever concerns the whole should be con fided to the whole to the General Government i while whatever concern, ouly the State should be left exclusively to tbs State. This is all there i. of onginul principle about it. Whether the National Constitution, in defining boundaries be tween the two, bas applied the principle with exact accuracy, is not to be questioned. We are also bound by thai defining, without question. What is now combatted is the position that se cession is consistant with tbe Constitution, i. lawful and peaceful. It is not contended that there is any express law fur it, and nothing should ever be implied as law which leads to unjust or absurd consequences. The nation purchased with money the conn trie, out ol which several of these State, were formed. Is it just that they thai I go off without leave and without reluuding I The nation paid very large sums in the aggregate, I believe, of a hundred millions to relieve Florida of the abo riginal tribes. Is it unjust that she shall now go oil' without consent or without making any re turn The nation is now in debitor money ap plied for the benefit of llieo i-o culled seceded States iu common with the rest. Is it just either that creditors shall go unpaid, or tho remaining Slates pay the whole 1 Purl of the present na tional debt was contracted to pay the olJ debts of Texas. Is it just that she shall leave and pay no part of this herself 1 Again, if one State msy secede, so may another, aod wben all sball bave seceded, none left to pay tbe debts. Is tbis quite just to creditors? Did we notify tbem of tbit sage view of ours when we borrowed tbeir money ? If we now recogoize tbis doctrine by allowing tbe Seceders to go io peace, it it difficult to see what we can do if olbers choose to go, or to extort terms upon which they will promise to remoin. Tbe Seceders insist that our Constitution admits of secession. Tbey bave assumed to make a natioual constitution of their owu, wbich of necessity tbey bave either discarded or retained tbe right of secession as tbey insist it exists in ours. If tbey bave discard ed it, tbey thereby admit tbat oo principle it ought not to be io oars. If tbey have retain ed by their own construction of ours, tbey sbow that to be cousisteot they must secede from one another whenever they shall bud it tbe easiest way of settling tbeir debts, or effecting any other selfish or unjust object. Tbe principle itself is one of disintegration, and upon which ou Uoveruaieut can possibly eudure. If all the States save one should assert tbo power to drive that oue out of tbe Union, it is presumed tba whole class of seceder poli ticians would at olcs deny tbe power, and denouuee the act as the greatest outrage upuu State rights. But eoppose that pre cisely the same act instead of being called driviug tbe one out, rhould be called tba seceding of the others from that one, it would be exactly wbut the seceders claim to do, unless, indeed, they make the point tbat the one, because it is a minority, may rightfully do. These politicians are subtle aud profound on the right of minorities ; tbey are not par. tial to that power which made tbe Constitu tion, and speaks from the preamble, calling itself " The People." It may well be ques tioned whether there is to-day a majority of the legally qualified voters of auy Slate except, perhaps, Soulb Carolina, io favor of disunion. There is much reason to balieve that the Uoioo men are tbe majority in many, if not in every other oue, of the so-called seceded States. As tbe contrary bas out been demonstrated io any one of tbem, it is ventured to affirm this, even of Virginia aod Tennessee, for tba result of an election held in military camps, wbere tbe bayonets wera all ou one side of the question, voted upon, can scarcely be considered as a demonstration of popular sentiment. At such an electiou all tbat large class wbo are not at eora for the Union and against coercion would bt coerced to vote against the Union. It may be affirmed, without extravagance, that tb free institutions we enjoy bave developed the power aud im pro ted the ctod. tion of our whole people, bsjoud suy rxampie J I, t i
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