THE It w; .ae(UivP(U)isjiiL Makers of BookSo " Notices of Recent Chats Concerning AMONG THE MAGAZINES. One of Jhe moat Interesting article In the June Chautauquan Is an article by Franklin Morris on Charles A. Dana. From It the following appreciative comment Is quoted: '.'Mr. Pana, at the beginning: of his control of the Sun, se lected his men with reference to ability and character. It was an unwritten law of his staff that every men was expected to be a gentleman and a scholar. He supervised the details of his paper himself and his Influence and his principles were felt without formal expression, down to the rawest re porter. That Influence, so fur as It af fected the form of the paper, was con- serving. He never suffered the sheet to break away from the first law of order. It Is Integrally us compact, as concise, and as symmetrical In Its matter, as It was the first day it was Issued. It covers every field of thought In its de partments, from the chronicling of a fire to the analysis of a philosophy. It Is narrative, descriptive, analytic, hu morous, aggressive and Independent, but everything Is In lt9 regular place, and If you are a subscriber, you can put your finger In a twinkling on anything you want. This is a more Important Index of Journalistic character than at first sight appear?. In fact, it is the very outcome of character. It shows on its face, a calm reliance on the Integrity, the worth, and the disposition of the material, which Is In strong contrast to . . j ,i Miinllannn vine anxious aim ennv at pads and trims and decorates the Vst worthless artlcie up to a sem blance of Importance. In short, the character of Mr. Dana permeates and shapes the Sun with a sane coherency. His vitality animates it; his Intensity of conviction gives it force; his pro nounced likes and dislikes make It both piquant and merciless; his outspoken contempt for cant and Pharisaism, his respect for the great underlying truths of Christianity, his sturdy assertion of the essential principles of American democracy, and his well-balanced scholarship, give the tone and temper to his sheet, for he not only contributes regularly to his columns, but he keeps his eye on all his workers and by his presence and example preserves a per sonal and intellectual standard for the humblest of his associates." The May Bookman Is once welcome because of Its up-to-date gossip about persons and things of Interest to every reader, writer or seller ot books; and twice welcome because of Its Illustra tions. Three portraits In particular, in the May number, attract our attention. The first is that of "John Oliver Hobbes," otherwise Mrs. Cragie, whose absurdly named novel, "The Gods; Some Mortals and Lord Wlckenham," Is Just now the sensation In London, selling at the extraordinary pace (for England) of 8,000 copies a week. The Impression derived from a look at this portrait, without wishing to be un complimentary, is that Mrs. Cralgie might profitably divert a half-hour from her literary pursuits and expend the time on her toilet. Sharply differ entiated from the tout ensemble of Mrs. Craigte's likeness Is the portrait of Miss Lilian Bell, the gifted young Chlcagoan whose second novel, "A Little Sister to the Wilderness." was reviewed on this page one week ago. Miss Bell is neatness personified. But one who ts not overmuch pleased with the recent vogue of balloon sleeves might wish that she ware compelled, as was her heroine, Mag. to practice economy In the Item of dress. Lastly we have the forceful and yet dreamy face of Rich ard LeGalllenne, peering at one from under the bushy dispensation of curly hatr, and clearly bespeaking the fine texture of mind and conscience which promises, at no distant day, to enroll this coming apostle of true art' In, lit erature among the immortals of his generation. With Its June issue that clever Gotham competitor of Stone & Kimball's highly successful little Chap-Book reaches Its fourth month of existence. For a frontispiece the June number has an unique drawing by E. C. Burling of a portrait of Joaquin Miller. The bluff face, flowing beard and great slouch hat of this famous bard of the Sierras appear in white. In the center of a back ground of black, arranged In the shape of the Maltese cross. The poetry of the number is supplied by Edith M. Thomas, Clinton Scollard, Franklin E. Denton, William 9. Lord, Francis Edmund Lester and Marion Mills Mil ler. In addition Andrew Millard, Will M. Clemens, - Helen L. Herrlck and Percie W. Hart contribute thumb nail sketches In prose, Miss Herrlck's being a clever adaptation of Stockton's "The Lady of the Tiger," In which the good nature of a somewhat morbid new fe male fights a psychological duel with her evil nature, and the reader Is asked to guess which conquered. Here Is one of the bright things in this Issue of Chips: "The story goes that when the Devil was cast out of Heaven he fell to earth and broke Into several pieces. His head rolled Into Spain, his heart Into Italy, his stomach Into Germany, and his feet Into France. This Is why, says the legend, the Spalnards are so haughty, the Italians so amorous, the Germans so gluttonous and the French so fond of running after women." . What was formerly the Southern Mag azine reaches In its June Issue the sec ond number of Its new series under the rechrlstened designation of "The Mld Contlnent' Magazine.". The change Is In every respect on Improvement. The Mid-Continent, while still largely made up of contributions by southern writers, Is no longer distinctly sectional In aim or purpose, and In fact occupies such a happy medial position between the pol ished formalism of the older magazines and the crudity of most of their cheap competitors that Its success ought not to be a matter of even momentary doubt. Every reader who enjoys well wrlten letters of travel will be charmed with Dr., August Schachner's article In this number on "Midwinter Travel In Mexico," which. In addition to 'being graphic In Its word-pictures Is very well Illustrated. - Of the half-dozen well spun short stories, Fanny Kemble - Johnson's "The Prisoner Released," a psychological study of much strength, will be found to be most Interesting. Indeed, the number as a whole is ad mirably compacted. V. ',.. f: v RECENT FICTION. . In f 'The Grasshoppers" (Mew York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.; for sate In eranton by M., Norton) Mrs. Andrew urn II interesting Volumes and Literary Men and Women. Pean has told a charming story ap parently for no other purpose than to afford entertainment to Its readers. There are no forced lessons In the book and no great problems; and such per sons as cannot be content with simply a well-told tale about natural folk who have 'Interesting but In the muln quite natural experiences had better skip "The Grasshoppers." Mrs. Frere, a conventional British matron, whose husband derives wealth somewhere "In the city," has two daughters. Hilary and Bell. Hilary goes to college and Bell remains at home, to lead a butter fly life. After a period of social gay ety, In which the reader Is Introduced to various Interesting personages who show us what English social life In the higher untitled circles Is like, the Frere family meet with reverses, pater faml llas dies, and the relicts are foreed to take refuge with a rich aunt In Ham burg. After a series of Interesting pic tures of German city life, the thread of the story returns to England, and in Loudon, In the lust chapter, the knots are untied and tho hero and heroine tied. The nearest approach to a lesson In the book' Is In the contrast drawn be tween the two daughters, Hilary and Bell. When the fumlly fortunes are ruined. Hell Is utterly helpless. Reared amidst utter frivolity, her frivolous fiancee flees with the flight of her for tune, and she herself In pique and reck lessness asks an old German friend, twice her age. to marry her, which he, being lonely and good-natured, does out of sheer pity, and Is made correspond ingly miserable. Hilary, on the other hand, has been educated Into substan tial womanhood, and, when It becomes necessary, goes to work like a veteran to earn her own living. In consequence of her superior character, which we are led to believe Is due quite as much to her superior schooling as to any In herent superiority, the young man who loved her and was rejected by her dur ing the moment of her allluence re mains loyal to her In the period of her poverty, and finally opportunely res cues her from spinsterhood and a gar ret. This novel Is admirably printed, and will give pleasure as well from Its form as from Its contents. From the same firm comes a beautiful volume for boys and girls entitled, "Stories for All the Year." These stories, nine In number, are written by Katharine McDowell Rice and Illustrat ed by twenty-five original drawings by W. St. John Harper. The stories have already seen print, some In Harper's Young People, St- Nicholas, 'Wide Awake, Treasure Trove and other publications, but In the handsome form of the present issue, they gain new charms. As a gift-book for bright boys and girls from 12 to 18 years of age, this fine quarto volume, with Its large type, calendarded paper and appropri ate ornamentation, cannot be too high ly recommended. . . MISCELLANEOUS. "What the character of the message is which a wild flower brings to the observant lover of Nature," remarks F. Schuyler Mathews In the preface to his recently-issued book, "Familiar Flowers of Field and Garden" (New York: D. Appleton & Co.; for sale In Scranton by M. Norton) "depends large ly upon the disposition of theindivid ual. This one Is susceptible to no sug gestion; that one sees a vision of the beautiful beyond the conception of the unimaginative; another hears the music of nature and sees the beautiful as well. There is no doubt to my mind as to what Beethoven was thinking of when he wrote the lovely scherzo of his Heroic symphony. The music Is brimful of the woods and fields of springtime. We do not know exactly what Chopin Imag ined when he composed hiB Impromptu fantasia, but Its exurberant music sug gests the joy and freedom of the birds and flowers In the woods and meadows of June. A little more familiarity with nature will lead us to a better under standing of her message a message she surely has for every one who will but listen." Mr. Schuyler's book Is a well-conceived attempt to bring -this message nearer to the comprehension of the great mass of people who knows a very little about the common flowers, but Who would be willing to learn more If not pestered with too much pedantry. Mr. Schuyler does not affront his "aver age reader" by a preposterous massing of dry Latin names and still dryer botanical facts. . He groups his flowers according to the months In which they are In loom, tells In simple language where they may be found, what va rieties they comprise and what their dainty secrets are. If any flower have any pretty tradition ollnging to It, or If It be especially celebrated In song of Btory, the author does not spurn that as too trivial to be mentioned; but all things are rightly seized upon which give promise of setting off the flower's own charms. In an appendix Is given a systematic Index of the names, colors and localities of familiar flowers of the United Htatfs, Including a floral cal endar. The book will do much to pop ularize the study of nature's common out-door beauties. a a a , A man of forty years' experience In newspaper work, In New York city, Is Marvin 11. Clark. As an Instance of his pluck In the face of misfortune It Is stated that after becoming totally blind six years ago, he mastered the ordinary typewriter and continued his work upon It without any change In the machine, although he never before had touched the typewriter. But Mr. Clark's day of wonderful things has not ended, for he has Just Issed a new book, of much interest, advancing and proving the existence of a language of communication of thought between the members of her own family, by the feline, which may easily be acquired by lis. He not only proves such a lan guage to be In vogue,, but gives many cat words, In common use by our house hold pet, defining (thorn clearly. Hs plainly shows the Manner of construc tion and development o the language, with every word musical and pleasing to the most refined ear. . In this respect the work Is unique, but the book Is In teresting from beginning to end, for It Is replete with wonderful' stories reiat ed of the cat by the most reliable .fort clgn ind' Amerloan naturalists, and the beautiful characteristics of the eat tire shown in high colors. If your heart prompts you to encourage on old writer:, totally blind, with 'wonderful grit, stiri pursuing Ills' vocation for the support of his family, you will get a copy of "Pussy and Her Language" for CO cents. It Is an unlquo book. ; In "A Girl's Life In Virginia" (New York,-Frederick A. Stokes Co.; for sals In Scranton by M. Norton) Miss Let It la M. Burwell desarlbes In pleasant man ner the social life of the old South, In the halcyon days before the war. We are presented with almost a photo graphics pen ploture of tho scenes, Inci dents and experiences of the plantation system, as viewed from the standpoint of a daughter of one of the first fami lies of Virginia. It Is a picturesque nar ration, full of Interest to the dem ocratic, and even seml-soolallstlc peo ple of the North; and It Is miade even more attractive 'by sixteen full-page Illustrations by W. A. McCullough and J. Tureas which admirably reflect the spirit and details of the writer's theme. AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS: Hlcluml Harding Davis' new story Is en titled "MIsb imlmar's Understudy." "General Shurldan" Is the last of the Great Commanders series edited by Junius Grant Wilson. - The Cassoll Publishing company has brought out a paper edition of Grant Allen's "Seallawag." It Is proposed to place a memorial to Tennyson at Bomersuy, Lincolnshire, the birthpluce of the pout. Rlt'hurd Harding Davis' latest story, "The Princess Aline," la to be translated Into French and Uermun. I. Ziingwlll's newly published novel, "The Maslur."ls suld to have made him the "author of the week" In Loudon. 1h It encroaching upon the dramatic critic's province to state that Rlliard Manslluld Is about to bring out "Trilby?" F. Marlon Crawford's "Sunt 'Ilarlo," the sequel to "Burlclnesca," Is isHiied by the Jluctnlllans In paper form at &0 cents. Professor Marie Louis Gaston Bolssiar has been elected secretary of the Acadcmla Kramulse, to succeed the late. Camlllo Douce t. Tolstoi's story, "Master and Man," with an Introduction by Wllllum Dean Howclls, will inuko Itu appearance from D. Apple ton & Co.'s presses in a few days. It Is said that the demand for Hall Calne's "Manxman" shows no signs of abating. In tho United States the novel reached Its tenth edition some time ago. Tho new Walter Pater volume will Include his essays on "Romanticism" and "The Child In the House," and also papers on Prosper Merlinee, on Raphael, on Apollo In Picardy, on Notre Duma d' Amiens, and on Pascal, Rudyard Kipling Is writing a play. That this young man knows a dramatic situa tion when he sees It is made evident in his stories: and It Is only reasonable to ex pect, says the New York Tribune, that he will make his knowledge available on the stuge. Captain King Is about to Issue, through the Llpplncotts, a volume of stories in the best military vein. It is called "Captain Dreams," after the opening tale, by Cap tain King, and contains Beven tales by other breezy writers from the ranks. The recently discovered Lamb letters and papers also comprise letters from Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his son Der went; from the poets Wordsworth and Southey; from William Wllberforce and Thomas Clarkson, the Abolitionists; from Anna Seward and Catherine Hutton. In Maclaren's collection of charming short stories called "Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush," I find this sentence: "Jamie's been drawing yir leg (befooling you), says I." Unless Mr. Maclaren has been manu facturing his dialect, this bit of slang Is therefore old Scotch. Walter Learned In the New York Critic. The scene of George Moore's next long novel will be laid in a nunnery. The cen tral character Is to be a prima donna, who, wearied of the garish day, seeks sane, tuary In a convent, where, after a while, she takes the veil. The descriptions of con vent life will be Bp read over the larger portion of the book. There Is to be another volume of esays by Pater. A posthumous collection is presently to appear in which there will be printed some of his most characteistlc productions, as, for example, the essay on Merrlmce, which appeared some few years ago, and the "Apollo in Picardy," which first saw the light in an American maga zine. The latest success of the London literary season seems to be, In spite of Its odd name, "The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wlckenham," the new novel by John Oliver Hobbes. George W. Smalley de votes much space to this novel in a recent cable dispatch, and he declares that the author has secured permanent fame. It Is reported that the Memoirs of Gen eral James Longstrect, the war-horse of the Confederacy, who was the earliest of the Southerners to become reconciled to the Union, are now ready for the press and will be published by the J. B. Lippln cott company Immediately. They are said to reveal many new phases of the Con federate cause. This Is a pen picture of Ian' Maclaren (the Rev. John Maclaren Watson) In the London Queen: "A tall, dark; handsome man, with a rather humorous, clean shaven face, and quiet, dignified, easy manner, he looks, perhaps, more like the head of a great firm of family lawyers than what ho Is the minister of the lead ing Presbyterian church In England," One of Ruskln's favorite stories concern ing Tennyson Is that an Intimate friend of the laureate ant himself to find out all the rules of Tennyson's versification, and collected from the verses an Immense number of laws and examples. "Look here," he said to Tennyson, "what wonder ful laws you observe!" "Jt's all true," replied Tennyson, "I do observe them, but I never knew It." The current Isuo of "The Chap-Rook" contains an Interesting paper on the origin and history of "chap-books" In general. In addition there Is a toy poem by Louise Chandler Moulton, another fragile bit of verse by HIImb Carman, and a much sturdier one translated by "Q" from the Roumanian. The Illustrations Include a grotesque study of Emlle Zola and a very, queer picture entitled "The Bnake Charm- Julian Ralph thinks that Robert Barr's "In the Midst of Alarms" "proves that one does not need fo dig In tho sewer of Paris, or the consumptive, resorts of the continent or Into the shocking eccentrici ties of heredity, In order to find material for a readable book. It proves, too, thnt one who has the gift can entertain the most astute and cunnlno; minds with a literature that Is fit for tho sewing room and tho seminary; that It Is not an Imper ative demnnd of the age that has brought forth the advanced novels of the dny. It Is nothing but the story of a story-teller who comes swinging Into your library with a head full of fun and lively spirits and good nature, blended with a very cunning knack at repartee and bright dialogue You are never for an Instant bored or sorry or ashamed that he came." HISTORY AS SHE IS TAUGHT. Curious Extract from a Text Hook in Use In Gotham. A correspondent writes as follows to tho New York Evening Post: In a very interesting report upon "Methods of Education in the United States," by Alio Zlmmern, who was Invited by the Gllchrlft trustees to report upon sec ondary schools in the United States, I find the following extracts from a text book In use In the New, York schools: It was during Henry's reign (hat an old man, Wolsey by name, ho ' had been a life-long friend of Henry the eighth, received a death sentence be cause He would not do a dishonest act for the king. Elizabeth organized a church',' and' said there must be no other kind, and If anybody was found attending any other church, he was ex ecuted. In England they have what is called a house of commons, which many peo ple think Is like our house of repre sentatives. - President Lincoln is said to have asked the following questions of some gentlemen: "Gentlemen, If we were to call a sheep's leg a tall, how many legs would the sheep then have?" "Why," said they, "five legs.'of course." "Not so, gentlemen," answered Mr. Lin coln." Why not?" asked they. "Because, gentlemen, calling a sheep's tall a leg does not make It one." And so, calling tho house of commons like our house ot representatives does not make it so. In the house of commons many of the mombers are only 21 years old mere boys to make the laws for one of the largest countries In the world. We have no King John, who can im prison at ills will, or smother Innocent little boys. We have no Queen Eliza beth to dictate how we shall worship tho ever-living and true Uod. None such are found In this glorious repub lis, In which the supreme power Is vest ed In the people. The Impression la left that King John, Henry and Elizabeth are alt alive now, and ready to behead any one who an noys them. TELEPHONES ARE CHEAP. Not in This Conntry, but in Sweden Where the Cost Is $10 a Year. To have a toleplione In Sweden does not cost u fortune. The fee Is only 1U a year. The Ericsson telephone IB used. Through that telephone you can speak with your friends In nearly every part of tho realm, and If you want) it you can even put your self In communication with the people of Norway and Denmark, these countries be ing connected with Sweden by telephone. For telephoning In Stockholm and to places within a radius of fifty miles of that city the subscriber for an Ericsson tele phone docs not pay a cunt1 over the annual fee, but for telephoning over a longer dis tance, an extra fee is demanded. Tho fee is very moderate. For Instance, a three-nilnule conversation between the cities of Malmo and Sollefted a distance about twice the dlctance between Detroit and Chlcugo costs only 27 cents and 6 cents extra for every exceeding minute. Connections from the Stockholm General Telephone company's net to the govern ment telephone net and vice versa are made all over Sweden, for which a small charge of only 2 cents is demanded. THE HUNKY KID. The Amuteur Dramatic association hire the Hunky Kid to play "Charles the Wrestler," at the presentation of Or lando. J The night is come, the house Is packed, From pit to irallery. As those who through the curtain peep Quake Inwardly to see. A squeak's heard In the orchestra. As the leader draws across Th' Intestines of the agile cat The tall of the noblo hoss. All is at sea behind the scenes; Why do they fear and funk? Alas, alas, the Hunky Kid Is lamentably drunk! He's In the most unlovely state Of half-intoxication, When men resent the hint they're tight . As a personal Imputation! "Ring upl Ring up!" Orlando cried, "Or we must cut the scene; For Charles the Wrestler Is Imbued With poisonous benzine; And every moment gets more drunk Than he before has been." The wrestling scene has come and Charles Is much disguised in drink; Tho stage to hlm's an inclined plane, The footlights make him blink. Still strives he to act' well his part ' Where all the honor lies. Though Shakespeare would not in his lines His language recognize. Instead of "Come, where Is this young 7" This man of bone and brawn. He squares himself and bellows: "Timet Fetch your Orlandos on!" "Now Hercules be thy speed, young man," Fair Rosalind said she, As the two wrestlers in the ring Grapple right furiously; But Charles the Wrestler had no sense Of dramatic propriety. He Be I zed on Mr. Romeo Jones, In Graeco-Roman style; He got what they call a grapevine lock On that leading Juvenile; He flung him Into the orchestra, And the man with the ophlclelde, On whom he fell, he just said welt No matter what and died! When once the tiger has tasted blood And found that it is sweet, He has a habit of killing more Than he can possibly eat. And thus It was with the Hunky Kid, In his homicidal blindness, Ho lifted his hand against Rosalind. Not in the way of kindness. He chased poor Cella oft at L, At L. U. E. Le Beau, And he put such a head upon Duke Fred In fifteen seconds or so. That never one of the courtly train Might his haughty master know. George T. Lanlgan. DECORATION DAY. It's lonesome sorto' lonesome it's a Sun- d'y-day to me, It 'penrs-llkn more'n any day I nearly ever see! Ylt, with the Stars and Stripes above, a-liuttcrln' In the air. On ev'ry soldier's grave, I'd love to lay a iny mere. They say, though. Decoration Days is glnerly observed 'MoBt ev'rywhares espeshally by soldier boys that served But mo and mother never went we sel- i , lom git away ' In pint o' fact, wo're alius home on Deco j ration Dny. They say the old boys marches through tho streets In columns grand, A-follorln' the old war-tunes they'r playln' on tho band And cltlzuns all Jlnln' in and little chil dren, too All mnrchln' under shelter of the old Red, White and Blue. With roses! rosos! rosesl-ev'rybody In the town I And crowds o' little girls In white, JoBt fairly loaded down! Oh! don't the boys know It, from they'r camp acrost the hill? Don't thny see they'r comrades comln' And the old flag wavln' still? Oh I can't they hear the bugul and the rat tle of the drum? Ain't thoy no way under heavens they can rlckollect us soma? Ain't they no way we can coax 'em, ' through the roses Jest to say They know that ev'ry day on earth 'a theyr Decoration Day? Wo'vo tried that me and mother where Ellas takes his rest, la the orchurd, in his uniform, and hands acrost his breast, And the flag he died fer, smllln' and a-rlp- plln' in the breeze Above his grave, and over that, the1 robin in the trees 1 , . i And ylt It's lonesome, lonesome I It's a .. Sund'y-day to me. It .'pears-like morel :Juiy day I nearly ever see! . Still, with the Stars and' Stripes above,' a-fluttertn' In the air,' Oa ev'ry soldier's grave I'd lovsj to lay a Illy thare. f -James Wdhltcomb Riley. Fallacies of a . Gospel of Qloooio Text of Dr. Capwell's Instructive Paper Exposing the Dangers cf Political 5ocIa!3sm. Tho following scholarly paper on "Political Socialism" wa'a read by Dr. D. A. Capwell at last Tuesday evening's meeting of the Young Men's League of the Penn Avenue Baptist church: ! I. Tha Prohlain St no, I Born out of the depths of human changeability; stung Into fury by tha In justice of the past; Its voice freighted with sentiments of revolution, political socialism come to us denouncing the rights of private property, claiming that labor In the only source of value, and therefore to tha laborer all wealth be longs; contending that all capital Is the result of spoliation and arguing that our Industrial system must be reorganized on the co-operative Instead of the competi tive plun. In Its religious tendencies It is grossly materialistic and It strikes ut tho family by promulgating a sentiment of free love. What are the causes? What are the alms, and what are to be the results of political socialism as It ap pears today? In the first place we must recognize an evolutionary tendency, the trend of which is toward a greater Individualism, that Is, a condition In which the rights of the In dividual are not hampered by needless governmental lnterferunce. The ancient Greek fought with desperate valor, not for Individual liberty, but for the lib erty of his state. His Idea was that the people were for the benefit of the gov ernment and not the government for the benefit of the people. In those days a few men insolently usurped the rights of the masses, made the laws, directed the armies and abltrarlly directed the affairs of state. Manhood was at too low an ebb to resent the Insult to Its manhood. Christ came. The significant question. What shall It profit a man to gain the whole world If ho loses his own soul In jected a new principle. Men began to believe that every Individual wa s of some) (importance. This taught self-respect, and self-respect compelled others to respect its Indlvijuallty. This Individ ualism has been a mighty factor In tho world's history. It has elevated woman. It has manumitted slaves. It has writ ten constitutions. It has borne civiliza tion on a mighty flow tide toward popular government. But like most good things it has been capable of perversion and political socialism is Individualism gone mad. Guizot has well said that the "prime element In modern European civilization is the energy of personal life." Mechan ical inventions have had a mighty effect In fanning the flame of socialism. Once the employer and employe worked side by side in the same shop. They met as social equals. The bond of sympathy was strong. If differences arose between them tho employe could pick up his tools but few being required in that day go out and start a shop of his own, as but little capital was required. He was happy and contented as a result of this inde pendence. But now engines and machin ery are necessary, much capital is re quired, and as he cannot compete with out these he must become dependent upon the capitalist. The subdivision of labor that has come with these mechnnical advances had made him still more dependent. When he could once make anything from a nail up, he can now do nothing but stand for weary hours crowding a piece of Iron into a machine that makes the nail. There is no chance for the cultivation of judg ment or ingenuity, and he feels that he Is a mere tool. Do you wonder that dis couragement comes to this man and that his mind is good soil for the culti vation of socialistic Ideas that give him promise of equality and plenty, although this promise may be fictitious? Under these same Industrial conditions a mighty class distinction has arisen. The proprietor, backed by his monetary power, no longer needs his men on the ground of equality. Everything about him hints at superiority. The laborer and artisan are apt to be made to feel that they are but Inferiors and enmity and hatred are engendered at a system that places them at such disadvantage. He also feels that every labor-saving machine Is his mortal enemy, liable to deprive him of his ability as a bread win ner, and increase the power of the capi talist over him. The new machine that has recently been Invented and put into UBe In almost every great newspaper house In this country, crowds out three out of every four compositors. These three men must either turn tramps or commence their Industrial lives all over. Their ex perience cannot help but Bwell the so cialistic wavo, making it roll higher and break harder against the rook principles of our Industrial systems. Capital has not been slow to grasp the advantage thus brought to Its door. With selllsli greed it has all too often rolled up Its millions at the expense of the weak, trampling human rights in the dust, snapping Its finger In the face of every proteBt, and boastfully Baying "this Is business." Not many years ago the Association of Nail-makers at the com mencement of winter ordered a suspen sion of all work In order to force up the price of nails .Eight thousand employes were thrown out of work and brought to the verge of starvation. About the same time tho Liverpool Cotton Exchange did the same tiling for the same reason and stopped 15,000,000 spindles, bringing dire distress to thousands of homes. Hardly a day passes but we hear of a beef combination or a wheat combina tion or a steel rail combination, all for tho purpose of robbing the pockets of the masses. Is It any wonder that the bread winners of our civilization are ralBlng their voices to the very heavens In protest against such Iniquitous power? Again, the wrongs perpetrated in the name of governmental authority have had a tremendous Influence in exciting discontent and positive hatred. Think of the liberties dlctatlngly denied; the con stitutional right repressed; the excessive taxation without representation: tho per secution on account of religious Ideas; the compulsary demands for from flvo to ten of the best years of a man's life to serve in the armies of Continental Europe; tho squandering of public funds and the cor ruption of political life. How did it Im press you when some two or three years ago the councils of this city gave a val uable street railway franchise to one cor poration for nothing, when there was an other corporation offering 110.0000 for the am franchise? Another, and perhaps tho greatest cnuse of socialists agitation, is the wretchedness and poverty of the laboring classes, due to their own vices and lack of prudence. Generation after genera tion are born and reared In the most ab ject squalor. They never know any home but a dirty tenement house. They never enjoyed a decent meal of victuals. Sub ject to the kicks and cuffs of brute-force, they are unable to understand anything but the law of selllshnesB. With nothing to lose and everything to gain, they are ever ready to follow where the dem agogue may lead and blood and revolu tion are apt to be tholr cry. II. ' socialism's False Remedy. Such are the main causes of political socialism. How do they propose to rem edy them? First Their first principle is, that labor Is the source of all value and consequent ly the worklngman Is entitled to all that he produces. ... Becond-That all oapltal is coagulated labor, the result not of saving, but of spoliation, a species of theft legalized by the present forms of political administra tion. Government Is declared to be only the tyranny of the moneyed classes. Third That the true function of govern ment is the solution of the economlo problem, to secure to labor all th prod r ucts of Industry, thus preventing pauper Ism and commercial crises, the Inevitable and unceasing mischiefs of the dominant competitive system. Fourth-That land and all the instru ments of production should at once become common property the land being the free rift of nature and the Instruments of pro duction being only a form of labor that a grasping plutocracy has grasped and ap propriated. Agriculture and manufactur ing to be carried on, either under super vision of governmental Inspectors or by Independent communes, each commune regulating its own economlo affairs and freely exchanging Its products with other communes. Finally, that this change constitutes a definite political Issue, fundamental and international. It demands the creation or a party for purposes of agitation and pro pagandists In this fight for long-denied sovereignty, labor Is reminded that all classes, the church Included, are Its Im placable foes. It further advocates that labor should enter at once upon the only crusade that will make It free, the seizure of the state. This, In the main, consti tutes the philosophy of political socialism. Its teachers are for tho most part narrow-minded, but forcible and Intense. Their philosophy, like their leaders, Is narrow and absurd, but forcible and Intense. As we look out upon this great struggla for existence, our hearts are touched with pity as we see their wretchedness and think of the wrongs perpetrated against them, but we must in tho most unhesitat ing manner protest against the means by which they propose to remedy these con ditions. Admit, If you please, but the one postulate of their philosophy, that labor is the source of all value, and that to labor all value belongs, and where do you land? Most assuredly. In the mud and quicksand, for all past experience teaches one undisputed fact, that brains rather than brawn has been the great factor In Industrial development. Let this become the philosophy of the future and It would only be a question of time before industrial life would be as stagnant as a mud puddle. Great corpora tions that give life to Industry could not be organized, railroads could not be pro jected, the world's commerce must lan guish on account of lack of brains to run It, and Invention must cease because no man or set of men will put forth extraor dinary effort without the hope of extraor dinary reward. Again, look at the doctrine that all capital Is the result of spoliation that is, that all these stores, homes, factories, farms, mines, mills, etc., have been stolen, and had the laboring man had his Just deserts they would all belong to him. I can conceive of no doctrine more per nicious. Let the great masses become Imbued with this Idea and the reign cf terror would be Insignificant compared with the result. There Is no Burer way to do away with thrift, industry and econ omy than to take away its reward. Social ism would do away with this reward in the Bhape of private property. Socialism alms at equality. It would have no capitalists, no paupers. This is beautiful Idealism, but the great trouble, as Herbert Spencer says. Is that there is no alchemy by which "golden conduct can be obtained from leaden individuals." It would be a beautiful and unsellish thing if the man that can mow three acres of hay In a day would say, I am willing to ac cept the pay of the man that can mow but one acre, and give the other two days for the universal benefit of mankind. But I know of no law of Justice by which a political party can compel a man to do this. The only law that common sense can declare is that every man has a right to his own superiority and the reward that It brings. Tho difference between man and man rests upon natural causes and any creed based upon other conditions is unnatural and obstructive. But notwithstanding these facts the dictum of socialism is, "From each according to his abilities; to each according to his wants." Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward" Is social ism Idealized. It has fallen flat because he absolutely failed to show, where men were living together in communism, any motive by which man's best efforts could be brought out, and without man's best efforts we all know that society must languish and civilization cease to progress. We constantly hear the cry that the rich are growing richer and the poor poorer, ThlB is constantly charged as one of the accursed outcomes of our In dustrial system. But the charge is not true. A close Elimination of Indus trial England, where competition has been free and pauperism dense, shows that the laboring classes are better housed, better fed, better clothed, work a less number of hours, draw better pay and their money has greater purchasing power than ever before. This fact seems to be as discour aging to Karl Marx, the great leader of socialism, as It is encouraging to you and me, for the reason that socialism prospers well only where there ts discontent and discouragement. Viewed in any and every tight, socialism Impresses us as being very impracticable. Suppose the state supervised all Industrial operations, what a magnificent opportun Ity for an Increase of political frauds and corruption, because the field would be In creased. More offices to be filled more money to be handled give greater chances for the thief to put his hand In the bag and steal the publlo funds. With few ex ceptlons, every attempt to bring men to gether In a state of communism, like the Burk farm and Owens colony, has proved to be an abject failure because the whole system Is Impracticable. As citizens deep ly Interested 4n the political welfare of our country the thing that gives us the deep est concern Is the ultra radicalism of the socialist. In the recent London troubles, H. M. Hyndman, a representative socialist, standing on tha steps of the national gal lery, made a speech to the laboring men massed around him, based upon economy. He denounced the men who asked for work as cowards and called for a crusado In which all laborers should stand to gether against the plundering capitalists. He insisted that not charity, but justice waB the remedy for the existing distress; and Justice, he declared, demanded that the land and machinery of England should be seised by the worklngmen because their labor alone had made It valuable. An other man at the same meeting declared that hanging was too good for the land lord and capitalist. It is almost needless to add that the shops were plundered and police authority had to be brought into requisition. This Is the logical sequence of the teaching that labor Is th source ot all value and that to labor all wealth be longs. To attain this end they propose to trample constitutional measures In tha dust and resort to blood and revolution. Again, every Christian stands aghast at the declaration, constantly reiterated In their literature, that the. church Is the im placable enemy of the laboring classes. The teachers of socialism ally themselves with the materialistic philosophy, whose principles are only returned to popular form when It la said, that thought Is the eoretlon of the brain, the soul a loose and accidental bundle of sensations, and conscience Is habit baaed upon instinct, Man had his birth In matter; from Its ele mental energies hla being was evolved and woven and sinks to , Its unmeasured abysses at death, onoe more to begin the slow andtoilsome upward march. In the 'manifesto Unanimously adopted by the lnternaMonals, of Pittsburg, oc curs tie following: "The church finally seaksrto make comoleto Idinta at v, ando make them forego th paradise on earth by promising- thm a flfttt inn hekven." "Truth," published in Ban Prllnajsco, says: "Whn tha lahnMn. man understands that the heaven which they are promised hereafter Is but a mir age, they will knock at the door of the In sulting robber, with a musket in hand and demand their share of the goods of this life, now." Dimmed, Indeed, must be the sight of mortal man whan the only power that has or could bring him up to his pres ent proud estate is thus declared to be myth a delusion. " ili. Socialism Will Not Prevail. But what of the future? Will the day ever come when wo shall see these ideas carried out? We know the canker worm Is at work, that . a gigantic and grow ing power stands behind them. In, the election for the members of the Ger man raichstag in 1890, 1,841,687 votes were cast by the socialists. In the Berlin elec tions for the same year they cast 20,000 more votes than all the other parties to gether. They control scores of Journals and are aggressive In the extreme In the propagation of their Ideas. Christianity, backed by hard, common sense, has got to meet this onslaught upon our civilization. It Is the only alkali that can neutralize this acid flrment of the discontented classes. There Is something about this obsti nate, Indefinite, pig-headed quantity, the American people, that gives one faith to believe that they will never Buffer this wild, Infamous dream of socialism to be came a reality on this continent, for It Is contrary to her history, her traditions and her asperatlons. Not blood, but slimy ooze, must fill the veins of the Christian or citizen that can view with Indifference this herculean attack upon the very baslo principles of our civilization. Ula life long friend, CURES Rheumatism. Neuralgia. Coughs, Colds, Sore Throat, Influenza, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Lumbago, Inflammation, Frostbites, Headache, Toothache, Asthma. Vied Internally as well as Externally, A bill to a taaspoonful in half a tomWer of wile mm Stomach troublaa. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers