)rtss TUESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1864. TERMS OF THE PKESS. To City Subscribers 610 per annum, payable la , ad.. vanes ; or Twenty Cents per week, payable to the carrier. . Dialled to Subscribers out of the city 6o per auaam $4.80 for six months; 62.25 for three mouths—in ,ivarably In advanoe for the time ordered. InnAviatlCEN PRIGS.. Agalied to bubsortbere $5 per imam; $2;50 for six menthe; $1.25 for three month ' s. Sir We can take no notice of anonymous COMMI:1 - 1110atIontw We do not return rejected mannsoriPta• NW - Voluntary oorrespondenoe Is solicited from all :parte of the world, and espeelally from our different tellltarjr and naval departments. When used, It Will be paid for. • l'ar. W. W. Bilirmst, No. iO4 Ninth etreet, two doors north of Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington City, Is the Washington agent of Tea PRIABB. Mr. iliarrant will reeoiVe subscriptions for Tau Plums In Washington, see that subscribers are regularly nerved at their TOBJEIODoes, and attend to advertising. The Employment of Railroads In War. - Previous to the commencement of the 'present war, military men frequently asked themselves what modifications would take place in the art of war in consequence of the great improvements in the mechanical arts, the introduction of steam as a motive power, the invention of rifled guns, the in troduction of railroads, and the invention of the telegraph. Various .were ' the opinions entertained by MilitarY writers, some contending that the whole art would require to be remodelled, and made to con form to the new powers, and others in sisting that little or no changes would'lle; required. The Crimean and Italian ware were too limited, both in extent and dung l : lion, to test fully the resources which these ISeveral changes bad placed in„the,hands of the General. The necessity of raibroadd was, however, fully developed in - the dri ll:lean war. It is not saying too much to assert that if the Emperor INTloxtoxas had taken the precaution to connect his capital with the Crimea by rail he tievei Would , have lost Sevastopol. 'The want of these improvernents dkrnot escape the eagle-eye of NAPOLEON I. His use of signals and o relays of posts to transmit informatiOn, or to rapidly transmit large bodies of troops, demonstrated what use that great master of the art would have made or the means which the inventive genius of the • nine teenth century could have placed .in his * hands. The present rebellion is the first instance in which these inventions havebeen-fully tested, and we are now in a position to sum up the results, and to measurethe changes that have taken place in the art of war, Modern war has much in. common at the same timetliat it is essentially different from ancient, in the plan of the campaign, in the selection of the base; objective, and the lines of operation. Ancient and mo dern art differ but little from each other ; but in the selection of a position to defend, in the manoeuvres of the field, and in the principles to be observed in marches all is different. ALEXA.NDER -C2osAn in the . cabinet would not be very different' from GUSTAVUS or NAPOLEON, .but transfer them to the field of battle, and they 'would not probably be able to execute the siMplest movement, strateg.y is eternal and un changeable ; tactics require to be modified so as to conform to . each mechanical im provement in the weapons employed. When the territories of the contestants are adjacent to each other, the facility of 'sending communications by telegraph, and of moving large bodies, vgth their necessa ry supplies, adds vigor to the offensive; but the same thing could, by employing longer time, be effected by ordinary roads. It is true you can retain your forces longer in the interior of your own country, and, where there are several points liable to at tack, conceal longer from the enemy your true objective, and also more rapidly din vey reinforcements to the important point., Here, however, the advantages for the Of fensive cease, with, - Perhaps, the single ex ception of the facilities they afford to make seconchtry attacks on points remote from the principal line of attack. When you at tempt to enter the enemy's lines by simply destroying his railroads, he can greatly impede, if not entirely prevent, your ad- VSTice. The benefits conferred on the defence by this improved means of transportation are immense. By a well -arranged system of railroads you collect at central points your resources, and quietly await the develop ment of the enemy's attack - --throwing your whole resources on the threatened point. Should you not be successful in repelling the attack, you can employ your means of transportation to convey your disabled men and resources to the rear, allowing your troops to retire in good order and unimpeded by the thousand encum brances which usually attend a retreat. At. the same time you can collect means upon your second line of defence. By • destroying the railroads you prevent any rapid pursuit of the enemy, and you can retire as fast as your legs can carry you. The enemy can only pursue as fast as ordi nary roads will permit him to: transport his supplies, or he must wait until the damaged road can be repaired. Thus you gain time, always a great object in war. "Moreover, your railroad having enabled you to collect your resources on the front of atck, this will necessarily compel your adversary to assemble proportionable means to assail them—thus adding to the difficul ties ,of pursuit in case of defeat, for it-is obvious that the problem of moving must increase in difficulty as the masses increase, since he has not only to move the men, but also the supplies to provide for • their sub . sistence. We may therefore conclude that upon the whole the advantages of railroads in war are greatly in favor of the party acting on the defensive; enabling him to collect his strength on the frontier, affording him means of supplying his troops, and' in case of defeat, seeming him from serious dims ter, by the additional means placed at his disposal for the retreat of his forces,. and the difficulty of pursuit which the destruction of the road will iniPose upon the adversary. ' • ' Again, railroads will requirehoth on the post of attack and defence a great seg mentation in the numbers of the army, and of course of the necessary supplies. In at tacking a point you have to provide against not only the resources which the enemy has at that point, but also all the. possible re sources that he can collect there. In for mer times these were, of course, but a frac tonal part of his means ; none of his lines were strong enough to offer any considera ble resistance, even for a few days. You may have to encounter all of his resources, and as a consequence the difficulties of the commander increase. Previous to the in troduction of railroads the several, impor tant points of each territory were connect ed by good roads—roads capable of being used by all kinds of wagons. Now these roads have fallen into disuse, and 'are only used by light country wagons. They are 5n want of repair and are unfit to transport the heavy supplies required in war. I From the foregoing remarks,,Which we fear our readers may find somewhat prOlix, it follows that the telegraph and railroad have conferred great advantages on the de fensive. The problem of ck • has in creased in di ffi culty. A gen e conducting .an offensive campaign has not only to con vceal his point of attack, but also to convey rapidly Ida means to that point. He must also provide that his assaults shall be im mediately successful, for his plan, once un masked, is exceedingly`liable to fail. While the problem of defence has become much simpler, and in most cases solves itae.4, that of attack haa become exceedingly cedipler, requiring for its sclotion genius, activity, foresight, and energy. On the other hand, prudence, lodgment, and firmness will serve all the purposes of defence. It is quite common with the Copperhead press to greatly extol the .eal*teitY of the rebel chiefs, at the same time casting slurs upon the Union officers. , This !,:e&Y.Pr9cet 3 , 4 / either from malice or from ignorance. It from the latter, we may hope to remove it ; if from the former, we will "not attemptto disturb it, But those of our readers who may wish to ascertain the truth, we ask to carefully study the nature of the problem to be solved, the difficulties in the way of the solution, and, taking the results, care fully weigh them in the balance against the difficulties overcome, and we have no doubt but thei will admit that the genius of our commanders is at least equal to that of the rebels: It should be borne in mind that our gene rals balm no t simply had the inherent diffi culties of the problem to overcome, but that the inhabitants of the 'theatre of ope rations are animated by feelings of the most intense hatred towards the invader. Every man, woman, and child is a spy of the enemy. All of his movements are csrefuliy concealed from us, or treacherous ly misrepresented ; mounted patrols con vey to him rapidly information as to pur numbers, movements, and designs ; in ad dition to which, we are are compelled to operate in a country in which the roads are little better than mere paths; a region in . which every pass, every by-way, is known to the enemy ; a territory unsurveyed, of which there exists not a single military map. If, for example, we should encounter a stream, the existence of any ford is kept carefully concealed from us. All tempora ry bridges are destroyed ; at the same time guides are at once furnished to the enemy; the inhabitants repair the roads and bridges, and all their supplies are lavished on those they consider their defenders front a de tested foe. We are - not warring with armies alone ; we are fighting an entire people. But for the much-despised and :contemned contra ,-"karid we, never would have received any in formation. The negro looks up to ithe — Crillemsoldier as his long-expected deliver er. "Be is faithful, and to the full extent of his knowledge serves the cause of human freedom—a cause that is destined to:break for him the iron bands of slavery. His in , formation is, however, very limited, local, and often inaccurate. His desire to serve Causes! hint often to see things not as they $ are bit as he would wish them to be. ITUdgr such circumstances it is truly sur prising that we have progressed so rapidly. In little over*three years nearly two-thirds 'of the enemy's territory has been overrun, nearly all of his most important' military points occupied, and this has been mainly accomplished by an army of civiliansmen who four years ago never dreamed of be coming soldiers. It -is no answer to say that the army : of >the enemy is similarly composed. They have had to solve only the very simple ;problem= of defence; cyo the complex one -attack. McCLELLAre failed in his attack upon Richmond ; Btre.restne was repulsed at Fredericksburg ; Hoonalt was driven from Cbancellorsville, and McDownm, was routed at Manassas ; but as an offset we may point to triumphs in the valley of -the Mississippi—the -march to Richmond— against which we set off Bna.oo's failures in Kentucky and Tennessee, and Lzir's defeat at A_Mietarn nrel Gettysburg. We have never been" among' those who sought to exalt Little Mac into a NA.rmmon. Even at the time when nearly every one believed in the Success-of his peninsular 'campaign we ventured to pronounce it fanciful and unsound While we admit that campaign to be a failure, both in its conception and execution, we would not deprive him of •his just, prafse for his retreat across the Chiakahorniny,' nor high praise of his skill and energy in the immortal march of the broken army from Washington to Frederick - , the arrest of the enemy's in vasion; and the victory of Antietam. Before concluding we will offer a few words on the railroad system of the South ern States, Those roads, originally con structed to subserve the ends of commer- Cial intercourse, constitute in the hands of the rebeleleaders a real military system.' They are in fact the arteries through whiph the b'lbod of the - rebellion circulates.- De etroy them, and the rebellion must collapse. We,do not 'propose to describe these roads. Their general direction, and the purposes which they subserve, may be traced, by the aid of a common school atlas. They may be divided into five general plasses, three of which traverse the Confederacy in general direction north and south ; •two, east, and west. Two of these lines, taking - Richmond as the point, of departure, - pass by Wilmington, Charleston, and Savan nah, by Danville, Columbia, to Augusta. The third, starting from Lynchburg, passes by Knoxville to Chattanooga, where it unites with the great trunk from Memphis to Charleston, which serves to connect the Valley of the Mississippi with the Atlantic. The last of these trunks connects Richmond with Lynchburg, either by The north or south side of the James. By means of these roads, supplies, armies, and all the munitions of war are rapidly transferred from point to point, as they may .be required. But for these it would have been impossible for the leaders at Rich mond to have imparted unity to, the rebel lion, and it would have been, in reality, what its name falsely implies, a confede racy, instead of a central despotism, pos sessing unity of action, thought, and guided by the stern will of a single despot. The leaders have been,• even from the first, aware of the importance of their railroads, and have spared no means to maintain them intact. - Minor roads have been sacri ficed to furnish rails and running stock for' the principal lines ; furnaces have been or ganized by the authorities to furnish iron to the workshops, to keep up the supply which the, blockade has prevented them from obtaining from Europe. - Hence the -great exertions made to preserve Nick s hurg and. Knoxville, the loss of the first separating the trans-Mississippi States from the cis-Mississippi, and of the- latter sever ing one of, the great-trunks connecting the North and South. Experienced workmen, heavy gangs of negroes under them,or armed with authority to press all kinds of labor, are-distributed along the lines with instrue -tions tb itainediately repair all damages done to them. All of the damage done to the, roads north of Richmond as well as that toi the south of the city, we are credi 30.2ipfprmed, is already repaired. Mere cavalii - re t ida may interrupt for a few days the _communications, may delay-or prevent - the arrival of .reinforcernents at a critical moment, and thus may be rendered im portant, but they cannot be relied upon as permanently severing the connection or interrupting the supplies. Richmond can not be starved by cavalry cutting the rail roads leading to 'it. To effect that end, the roads must be permanently held. To crush the rebellion it is absolutely neces sary to take and to hold these arteries. These once perininentlY in our hands, the rebellion is over. 4 few convulsion's may distort the features or move the limbs, but life will have left the body. The prominent points 'should, be taken and . held-entrenchments covering sufficient ground -to - enable a : small force to hold them should - be constructed, and good officers, and in. Part experienced troops, should garrison-them. Raw troops are of no account.in stich situations unless they are mixed with' experienced troops. Firmness, coolness, and, judgment are re quired in such positions, and these are the. qualities in which raw soldiers are generally most deficient. Among the important- points to be occu pied we should mention Gordonsville, in Virginia, and Branchville, in South Caro lina. To secure this last it will be neces sary, as a preliminary movement, to occupy Charleston. "Branchville once permanently, occupied by us, the northern and southern . States of the Confederacy WoUld be as ef fectually severed es at this moment are those on the west cif the Mississippi from those on east. • It is always important in war that a gene ral should have ever present" to, his mind these two questions : .Whatcan-the enemy do ? What will he probafily . do 1 1 . The s' 1 embraces the whole theatre of the war; sun admits an infinite number ot‘ 'The saw* to ~the secobi ileVendi uP9II. variety of circumstances—the numkors of the opposing armies, .the 411301:tat t e‘e of th e., several points, both militarily and political ly, We conapositionnf the armies, the na ture of the communications, the spirit of the troops, the character of the general commanding ; —is he weak or prudent, daring or circumspect, rapid or slow in his move -ments, fertile or not in resources ? All of these, and many more, must be weighed be fore we can arrive at the probable designs of the enemy. The loyal States have late lyl3een thrown into great alarm.on account of threatened invasion. That the enemy will attempt raids both great and. small we think 'highly probable, but to transfer his. main force from Richmond with the view of invading the loyal States is so rash and unmilitary 'a Movement that we do not think General Lan will undertake it unless drivpn to desperation. But we need not submit to 'have our 1 1 country overrun by a few straggling caval ry ; to see our towns insulted, or the labor of our hands transferred to feed and clothe the rebel rabble of 'Richmond. The suc cess of such attempts as that just passed is disgraceful to us as a people, and measures should belaken teprevent its recurrence. At the threatened points let temporary en closed works be constoicted, armed with a few pieces of artillery and small but ea: eient garrisons, commanded by cool and experienced officers. These works should be large enough to admit the local militia, Who, mixed with old soldiars, under good officers, SOOll acquire confidence in them selves, and-learn to despise dangers whicii, at first, appear to them appalling. Let the States organize squadrons of mounted in fantry, and attach to them sections of light batteries. .These-would; serve to harass the enemy's movements, prevent his de taching small , parties Tor plunder, and Om . pel hian to form large eonvoYs for his sup plies. Lastly,: lit there lie formed a divi sion of ten thonsand good infantry, and twenty thousand cavalry, and batteries of artillery, with a good officer to command it. This force should be kept at some cen tral point, be weltinstructed, and ready to take the field at a moment's notice. This • body will serve as a . nucleus around which the State troops may rally. The ,expense maY be _urged as an objection-to this plan.- War never is cheap, but far better to incur any expense than to submit to disgrace. Teach our, enemies that while we are striking bard-blows at them we are secure against assault: at , home. The • damage done by 'few raids will more than defray the expense of a well-organized. system of defence. The one danger and serious objection to the syStem proposed is that idle and ineffi cient officers will be placed in ,positions of responsibility. This"-is the bane of all our military movements. None but the most . tried and experienced officers should ever be• entrusted with the defence of our most important:points. No position is, so ha rassing to ; the commander, none requires the exercise of More coolness •and judg ment ; ;and we trust the dais soon at hand when he that does. his duty in whatever position. he .is Placed will' receive_ his due reward. - The. Navies of Tluve: Gieat*era. Russia, generally 'regarded as ranking inferior to the first-class Powers of Europe in the material progrbs,"winch springs from, the diffusion of knowledge, and:the development of the useful arts, has given uWat least one proof that she is not - greatly behind the rest of mankind in the attention her Government has devote& to the, question of, an iron-clad navy. - According to a o t Russian journal , of high Mite, the con struction of iron-clads for t Russian Go verument commenced at stadtA as far hick as 185 L The followmr iron-clads. are 310* approaching completion : Two frigates, the Sebastopol, and the Petropaw lowski, each of ME horse ; power, the first anned . with 28 cannon,:altd the second with 28. There are slim 'three floating batteries, the" Perwenetz, Netrow-Menia, - and Kreinlin, -'each' outlying 28 rifle& guns. Finally, there are , ten monitors, . some With. single and others with double turrets, carrying steel rifted . cannons eight inches thick. If these should -all be finished this year, as is _expected, Russia next spring will have; an iron-clad fleet of seventeen vessels, carrying 157 guns. The British iron-clad navy already Afloat com prises but sixteen vessels, viz : The Black Prince, Warrior, Defence, Resistance, Rector, Valiant, Achillesi Minotaur, Royal Eagle, Prince Consort, Caledonia, Ocean, Zealous, Research., X nterprise, and Royal Sovereign. Thus the Russian navy is nu merically the stronger or the _two . . How ever, there are eleven additiOnaliron-clads in course of construction on the English ways, named as follows : Agincourt, Northumberland, Bellerophon, Prince Al bert, Prince' Alfred, , Lord Clyde, Lord Worden, Pallas, Favorite, Viper, and Vixen. Besides -these, - there- are seven floating batteries, bearing the following cognomens : Erebus, Terror, Thunderbolt, Etna, Glutton, Thunder, and Trusty. For midable as the fleets of these two great Powers may appear, they will not, even combined, bear comparieon with our own iron=clad navy, which now embraces up wards of a hundred vessels, and constant accessions are tieing made to the list.: ~ The Shenandoah The leading article in tb.e Arniy and Navy Journal' of this week, commences with these words : "On good autkority it is an nounced that the second grand invasion of the North for 186fis'over. We would add our efidorsement to this assertion with great caution, for he is a bold journalist who will, venture any prediction; or even pronounce anything to be a fact, In these times, with regard to the military status of the Shenan doah and, Cumberland Valleys." And it concludes as follows "We haVe no w re •corded our belief that this last deinonstra tion hardly reached.the dignity of a raid. Butin the light of experience, teould.not insure Pennsylvania against a' genuine in vasion before this paper, gets to press There is a gleam of hope in the apparent reorgan ization of some of the euriouslY conflicting commands in thatregion. The first task in the campaign_ should be the repoirsession of the Shenandoah Va11ey. 7 . 7 . • - Front private soirees, also, intimations have reached- us that the 'real invasion of MarYland 'for the current season, is yet to be attempted. We de not attach the slight est importance to surmises of this charae ter, for the experience of ,the campaign en far ought to convince, any impartial ob-' server that the rebels are now too weak to undertake any great aggressive movement, and that their chief solicitude is to maintain their vital positions at Atlanta and Rich mond, the downfall of either city being vir tually equivalent to, the downfall :of the military power of the Confederacy. The possible gain from a reinvasion of the loyal States could not outweigh the risk of such a daring enterprise in the far-sighted, judg- ment of General LEE, and the good citizens of Cumberland Valley may repose <in the confidence that their lives and property are henceforth secure from the rebel armies. Our main purpose in referring to the sub ject is to reiterate the suggestion made above, that " the first task in the campaign should be the repossession of the Shenan doah Valley." This accomplished, a way would be opened for the capture of Lynch burg, and military advantages •of the ut 'most value Would accrue. Maryland and Pennsylvania would 'thenceforth. be secure against even the rumor of invasion ; and the communication between Richmond and Atlanta, indispensable to a prolongedlenure of either position, wouldbe broken up. To the aceoinplighthent of this task, which it is needless to say embraces many embar rassing features,' it is reliably asserted that the , Government is bending every energy. If any good at all Shouldresalt from a cam paign in the ,Shenandoah :Valley, the, re- Sults .would present themselves' in a tangible shape, not only, to, Gaon , and Siang" pit to the farmers of Maryland ; and Penn sylvania .;,andit is to he:hoped dot, such campaign , nay be undertaken ; if *et too late inlite mpg. IHE PRESS.:-PIIILADELPHITA.; TUESDAY, AUGUST 16 1864. Voting at Random. Whoever has examined -the official re sults of the recentelection in this State care fully 'dust have been struck with' one re , markable and, significant fact therein dis closed. In favor of the first amendment allowing soldiers to vote, 199,657 ballots were cast; and against it; 105,163. There was nothing singular about this, for, the hostility to this measure on the part of the Opposition was as manifest as it was per sistent; but that so strong an Opposition vote should have been cast against the two remaining amendments is a - matter for sur prise and reflection. They did not present issues, f a partisan or political character ; ; their purpose 'was merely to plit a check upon legislative corruptions which are alike obnoxious to. Democrats` and Unionists, and we can recollect no single instance in which their propriety was called in ques tion, even by the most bitter of the Oppo eition papers. We had a right to expect that the enemies of the Government would poll a heavy vote against the first amendment, for the, possibility of their success in future contests depended wholly upon their ability to deprive soldiers of the right of franchise. That the latter amendments, however, would „be carried without dissent, we scarcely entertained a doubt. The result has greatly disappointed this calculation. According to the returns, 75,066 votes were cast against the second amendment, and 75,812 against the third. That is to say, of the hundred and oddAhousand -Democrats. (so-called) who went' to the polls, more than three-fourths cast their votes for the perpetuation of a system of legislation, cor, ruption, and malfeasance which has dis; graced the character of the State Assembly, and interfered with the enactment of laws really useful and, necessary for the public welfare. Over, seventy-five thousand De mocrats have voted that "log-rolling" is right and proper, and that that time-honore4 institution, vulgarly called " the lobby," ought to be jealously defended against the meddling spirit of Abolition intolerance. Consequently, they have allowed them selves to be placed in a verY ugly position. In charity we are willing to believe 'that the position is a false one, and that those who assumed it did not know upon what ground they were about to stand ; but how humiliating the reflection that three-fourths of the Democratic citizens of the Common wealth go to the polls, when election day comes round, and Vote at randoni, without pausing to consider for whom or for what they are voting ! Can it be wondered at, henceforth, that disloyal and incapable men are oftentimes chosen to fill the highest as well as.the lowest offices in the gift of the peopled Need we feel surprised that New York has a Governor SEYMOUR and New Jersey a Governor PARKER ? Truly, it would almost seem that the Old-World theory of man's incapacity for self-govern:- ment is the correct one, when We may see fhouSands of the freemen of Pennsylvania so blind, so-thoughtless, and so subservient to the dictates of a partisan spirit, as to vote away the reputation of their Common- Wealth, and make the safeguard of their liberties the plaything of designing knaves and politicians. Mexico still possesses a heroic band of patriots, who, having saved a remnant of honor from the disgrace and ruin of their native land, will not be bribed or seduced to give in their allegiance to the usurper MarrnrmAx. Those who have accepted the French coloring of Mexican news will readily believe that all Mexicans are pur chasable,. and will, sooner or later, surren der body and soul to. the new regime. This we may be permitted to doubt, after read ing the indignant reply of General, UnAGA to some private overtures made to him by a half some renegades, "rotten fragments of political shipwreck, men without faith, indolent and corrupt," as they are charac; terized by a Liberal Mexican. journal. As; it was rumored.,that the Mexican corn,. mander.in.chieniali - reltictantly given his . adhesion to the new Government,' this let ter is a welcome revelation to the fritiads of the Liberalists. We 'find it in one of the Ban Francisco journals, republished from"'` the Von de ifiefe,o, and cannot doubt its au thenticity : • ,Jtairz 18, lion: SE floris Don Juan J. Caserta, Don Jesus L. Portia°, Vicente Ortigosa, Antoino A. del Castillo, and Rafeal Jeminez Castro: GENTLEMEN I am oonvinoed that in addressing me your letter, urging me to avoid the effusion of more Neucican blood, as. a sterile sacrifice, or what comes. to the same thing, to adopt the order of things which the Emperor of France is seeking to establish in the Republic by power of his bayonets, you did not entertain the most distant Idea that I should yield to such a propasition: bat your motive was the hope of introducing discouragement into the ranks of those worthy Mexicans who are so heroically struggling for the independence of their' country, leaving ground for false suppositions and absurd commentaries on the strength and elements of success of the National party, and the most igno- ble calumnies in regard to myself. • Fortunately these Intentions failed of their suc cess before the good sense and the patriotism of the nation, which has the consciousness of its duty, and the energy necessary to fulfil . it. I writethese lines not with the intention of making a reply to your letter ; of that 'I think you unwbrthy ; but to de nounce your crooked intrigues to the sound judg ment of my fellow citizens. As to myself, I owe to the confidence-of my Government, to the brave cOm panions,which share with me the glory of fighting in the moat sacred of causes, and, above all, to my pa triotic conscience,_ the most solemn and explicit pro. testations that I will not lay down my arms until the day shall come when the independence of my country shall be firmly established. To discuss the details of your letter would be to soil my Maids in a sink of pollution. I sicken at the thought of such dirty work. More than this : You, gpsntlemen, are the last to believe what you have said. To a soldier 'of the Republic, muti lated in the, cause of liberty, bred from infancy in the doctrine f political independence, there can be no other device than this : War to the death with the 'Tench; war to the death with those who, be traying the sacred cause or their country, recognize or protect the foreign invader or the petty monarch whom he pretends to enthrone on our soil. This de. vice I have adopted, and to this pledge my country and the world shall see me devoted. In connection with this letter is a teljtV monis' of devotion, signed by all the,gfito ral officers of the Republican army, and the following reply of Gen. ANGEL MIAS to a proposal of desertion from an adventurer named LANGBERG : CIIIBITAMTA, June 16, 1864. To Saar Emilio Langberg, Mazatlan: fixes: Your public and priVate antecedents, com bined with your foreign origin, should influence me In not be surprised at the contents of your letter, dated at the Capital on the ad nit In fact, it is not remarkable that a man who has always es teemed politics ae a vocation by which to gain his livelihood, and who is destitute of fixed principles, should deem it a matter of small Importance, whe ther he "runs with the hare or With the hounds,” provided that his perquisites be not (Metalled and his prosperity be undiminished, and that he should, like you, sell the Sacred cause of national Indepen dence and "bend the supple hinges of the knee" be, fore a clown of a monarch, that he may receive the reward of kis treason in a handful of gold, or -a gracious smile that flatters the Vanity and feeds the , hope of profits; nor should I be astonished at the audacious and assiduous solibitnde and anxiety with which you appear to have embraced the doctrine of the dirty propaganda to which you be• long; since, in that arident solicitude* though's an object, and a remit is sought, even. it bo degrading and infamone. But that which truly shooks me, Is the stupidity manifested by you in the election of persons among whom you pretend to make proselytes; because the former shows a man destitute of all virtue, and the latter a man desti tute of good sense. When you do ,me the justice to remind me that I have sacrificed my interests and risked my life for my country, when I believed that its nationality was menaced, you ought not to bring to memory theee acts of strict duty, to deduce from them the conclusion that I should now become a renegade to my principles, abdicate my dignity and pollute myself with tbe most odious of defections; from those premises spring an Inclination diametri cally opposite to that which you pretend. If I, had ever given, in my lifetime, the least proof of 'weak neve in any principles, or lukewarmness in my pa, triotism, in a certain degree the insolent liberty which you have taken with me in directing to me your miserable invitation would be justifiable ; but to pretend that I should be a traitor because I have been a patriot, to desire to convert me into a male factor because I. have been an honorable man, and to treat with me to sell my country because I love 'it, this Is an absurdity which could alone fill the bead of a fool, or one demented. Not feeling in. olined to comment upon your letter in detail, I con olude this reply by adding, that I am the same man of 1846 and. 1847 to whom the liberty of his country is deater than life and fortune. These letters show that there is still in. Mexico an intact and devoted party bit terly opposed to all concession to thp French. However -small, such a 4erolc opposition may exert a decided influence upon the future safety of 'MAXIMILIAN'. Whatever may be the ultimate fate of the Liberal Cause, its present attitude is the 'so litary and redeeming circumstance of a history of perfidy and weakness. Daimon, Me., August 16.—At the Demooratio District Conirention, held here today, James 0. Madigan, of Houlkon, was nominated for Congress from this district. Resolutions were adopted denouneing the war as unconstitutional, and favoring an armistice and im mediate negotiations for peace. Heavy Weather off Newfoundlitud. Ratirez, August 35.—The steamship Delta, which arrived here to day from St. Johns, reports heavy weather riff Newf6undland: li o etnier Was algwllled to the westward', 'She' watioso44i either s,iraT-vessel or a Olootsetle-riffk. Spartans in Mexico. Joss L. UELGA.. Arrow. Tiiiss. Yours, &o Kafue - Polities. The Price of Cu. • . 'The Trustees of. the Philadelphia "Gas .Works have notified the 'public thatthe price of gas, from the first day of Septem ber, Will be advanced from $2.50 to $3 :per. thousand cubic feet, They seek to justify this rise on the following grounds that they have been compelled to advance the wages of those whom they employ ; that the price, of coal and other articles used in ,making gas has risen ; that,the operations of the past year . have resulted in a large loss to the Trust ; and that it is necessary • "to Make the annual addition to the sinking fund required by tato." There is a great deal in these pretences, we freely adroit, but perhaps the last, is the key to . the high price of gas—the manufacture, in this city, is a monopoly, and therefore there cannot -be that competition which, among prliate individuals, always tends 'to_lteep dovin prices. Moreover, in a public trust there tendency to have more employ& than is absolutely necessary, and to appoint them as much for their political opinions as for their skill in their ....Various depart ments. The advance in price must be submitted to, but we-suggest that the public have a right to demand a better quality of gas than they now receive, and an indisputable mea surement of the quantity they consume. First, as to quality. In this city, Where there is no check whatever, the consumer has no way of ascertaining the qullity of the l gas. The more impure the gas - is, the more of it is necessary, to give a requisite quantity of light, and the more deleterious to human health is it, from that very . impu rity. It is hard upon the consumer •that his . gas z hill increases in amount proportionably as his gas is impure. This impurity results from bad manufac ture and from the light-prOducing power of the ...coal employed. For example, _the English caking coals yield from'' 8,000 to 10,000 cubic feet of gas per ton, of illumi nating power varying from 10 to 12 sperm candles to a burner, consuming five feet per hour; the English cannel coals yield about 10,000 cubic feet per ton, of illuminating power varying from 20 to 24 speria candles; the Scotch parrot coals, varying in quality, yield from 8,000 up to. 18,000 cubic feet of gaiper ton, varying in illuminating power 'from 10 up to 35 candles. In every. gas making establishment in the British islands, the amount of Illuminating power that the. 'gas shall possess and dispense .is fixed by law, and the consumer who .. suspects that he is supplied with gas below the legal quality can call in a sworn inspector, on whose scientific evidence the manager of the gas:work, if the fact of lower quality be established, is liable to be fined • $lOO for each offence, Without power of appeal. Of course, with this hinging over their heads, •they supply gas 'better ,than the law commands. No cheek of this or of any other sort is in operation in Philadelphia. There -is no test of the ,quality of the gas. The con sumer•must take it as it comes, paying pro portionably more for, bad light and un wholesome gas than for good. We submit that the State Legislature, Instead of going into " the Ring " at Harrisburg, chartering unnecessary. Vnion City Railroads and , earning a dreadful character for venality and corruption, might better employ their time in taking measures to secure a good quality of gas to the public. The want of uniformity in the meters which show the quantity of gas used by each consumer has led to perpetual. com plaints from the public. The meter never ought to measure more than three per cent. in favor of the purchasers, nor more than two per cent. in favor of the sellers of gas. This would allow five per cent. for va riation caused by the depression of the water-line on wet gas meters, and it is fixeit by law in England that all gas meters_ must not register more than two per coat. in. favor of the 'seller, nor more than three per cent. in favor of the consumer of gas. In Philadelphia 'the .decided im 'pression is that the meter invariably registers 3n favor, of the gas office, and that the vari ations in bills are caused by this false tenisixev. pne thing the gas trustees ought to .110 to remove this impression. They should test the registering power of every gits meter in use within their limits.:• There are meters which, we venture to say, have not been regularly examined for years. The gas inspector merely looks at the dials, notes down what they tell him, puts water in occasionally, and considers his work done. We repeat,, every gas meter in the city limits ought to be examined and tested at once. This done, and defects remedied, perhaps the pUblic .would not any longer have reasonable cause to complain of over charges. W.,tkigIEKINGTOW. WAPIIIIAGITON, August 15. APPEAL FROM THE STARVING CHEROKEES. The Creek chiefs, in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, dated at Fort Gibson, July 16, make an eloquent appeal for help. They say the , whole Cherokee country is a waste, and they can see nothing but starvation before them daring the coining winter. Months Intervene between the ar rival of trains, and even now they have but a scanty subsistence, and there are at least 20,000 In dians to be fed. These,elS - lefs represent a large por tion of those who were driven by the rebels to Kan sas, but who did not return4o their own country in time to raise ample drops. The Indian Bureau, with its accustomed prompt ness and humanity, will exert itself to afford the re. spired relief. INTERNAL REVENUE DECIIMON. According to the ruling of the Internal Revenue Bureau, real estate agents who have taken out a license as commercial brokers under the old law are not subject to rst assessment under the new law. Tlt BETEN-THIRTY LOAN. -The subrdriptlons to the 7-30 loan, as reported to the Treasury,Department, for the last three days, Amount to 0,019,000, including $1,228,500 to-day. Constitutional Elections in Rhodelsland and Connecticut. Pao:mu - Nos, August 15.—Rhodelslandioted to day upon the propositions to amend the Constitu tion of the State, viz :to allow soldiers to vote, to extend the suffrage to naturalized citizens who have served in the war, and to - abolis h the registry s tax. The returns, so far as received, Indicate that all the amendments are approved. PROVIDENCE, August 15.—Later returns render it doubtful if the amendment is approved. HARTFORD, August 15.—The vote to-day, in this State, on the amendment allowing soldiers to vote, wee smell. The returns indicate a large majority In favor of.the soldiers. At a town meeting, this evening, the Selectmen were instructed to fill the quota of liartford, and 000,000 was appropriated to pay the expense. Death of Bev. Dr. Winslow. Etl RI.A.I6ITON, Vt., Augutstls.—Tiev. Dr. Hubbard Winslow, of New York, died at Williston, Vt,, on Saturday night. ills funeral will take plaoe on Tuesday morning. NEW YORK CITY. New Yoax, Auin9t.l6, 1864. TIRING ITICARD AT SEA.. The littip Stratford has arrived from Liverpool, and reporta that on Saturday last, In lat. 40 deg. 40 min., long: 72 deg., she heard heavy gone to the west at intervals, from 10 A. M. till 1 P. 1111. The Sank statement for the week ending on Sa turday shows: 3 41. dacrease'of loans $489,268 A docreate of specie 79,209 A decrease of circulation 104,924 A decrease in deposits ' 2,517,250 71A1t174 INTIMLIGNNOII. . Arrived,• ship Caroline, New Orleans ; bark La Cignena,Segua ; Osprey, Cow Bay; James Borde, • Martinique Cienfuegos, from Cienfuegos; Rapid, Vera Cruz • Anne t te ,, Bordeaux ; brigs Gulana, Angostura; S. A. Shaw, Humacoa ; Oosta Rica, A sphiwall Ralamo, Sisal; Amanda Jane, Tampi co ; Whittaker, from Newburg for Boston ; ochre. A. Young and Sidney Price, Glace Bay ' , Lady scott, Eleuthera ; Belle . Wood, Bridgeport, O. B. Arrived—Bark Ellen, from Antwerp. Saw a vessel; apparently a bark, burned to the water's edge, en the 13th, twenty miles south of Montauk. Also arrkved, bark Sacramento, from Fortress Monroe. Spoke two gunbuilts and tugs oil Cape May on Sunday. r/Ilt PRINTERS' STILINS IN New YORIC.—Thts strike is affording a. new theme of dismission In New. York. The New York Leader, speaking of its prot*• ble effect on the weekly pacers, In sa extended ai: dole, believes that. many.of:the ofnmarwill."tati ,3 it, employ-women, , and manageFtb - Work through:ilia thatwiy._ agering-hopeful-glanoe k cast uoii alype-sottlng machine, which, after a 00 1 ,4 I "Of tinkering, is beginning to do so me thi ng . But this machine, we should think, would be out of the reach of the purees of moat weekly papers, and we guess the genesal effeot upon. them would he a compulsion to shut up shop. APPREHENDED FAILURE OP WATZR.SUPPLP.-- The people of New York have been for scene time in great, trepidation about their water rapply. It has been' stated to them, by the gOommlesioners, that tl ey consumed 30.050,000 gallons per day, while ilub. (Ireton river yielded but 27,009000 Thu Cormarebd_ Advt., tiarri however, gives ita, readers agreateleatee comfort by announoing to them that the NM& voirs hold 6.004000,000 gallons, and that at the rstfrof a ; kooo,oco gallons per day diminution they need not fear thirst for some time, if nonlonget. , •••(3Ttsr. PATRactL'e. order fortirddlpg• State agents •to Jeerult pegroee within tbe line-of- the 4 1 4. r a ny of ibeltntornne, under the late tilt,..q Vppass t kw; isithltiolgutted. THE WAR. THE WRY BEFORE PETERSBURG: Gem.Brinfdde Relieved of Ids Command GEN. WtLOOX TEMPORARILY IN COM lAAND OF ..NIS CORPS. AN EXPEDLTIOIJ UP THE JAMES HIM. Let Believed to be. Making. a Flank Novement. MOSZBt'S GUERILLAS . IN' THEIR OLD HAIIIITS. Piket Assassination Resumed TILE SIEGE or ATLANTA PROGRESSING tSHEBffiAI ClSonhis GRADICIALLX SPA PROACIIING THE. cum, A Movement Made on the Macon Railroad. IT MEETS WITH BUT PARTIAL *OCC,ESS HOOD MUM TO BE • HEAFILT UNFORCED THE BATTLE •IN MOBILE BAY PARRAOPTIO.OTFICIII REPORT. Indian Savages hlgrdering en the Plains Whites attufsamd: and ,Crops 'Bestroyeii MORE DESTE,VOTION BY , . THE P 1 -.BATE TiiiiLAHASEMEL THE . ARMY Bzw,gartp PIETERSIBITESL ElpiovAi. OF,6BNSRAL.SVENBWDE IIIiADQUARTBiEI Olt TRH A:RIZY 0V,t1114 POTOM#O, Aligust 14-4 o'clock A. X.—General lilitsidewas relieved yesterday, and left his command last even ingrhis division offieem and - a ,number of friends being Vresent to Ind ban farewell: - • , General WitoiThrtemporarily 311 omrimand of the 9th -ArntiY Oorlm .. • It was reported, last week, that the enemy'were moving toward our left, with the intention of leaking a liar& attack early this morning, but, as tliere has been no demonstiation up to this hour, the report Is believed to be unfounded. Ample preparation Is, however, made to meet them should they attempt .such a molement. 'Everything at boadqttarters is perfectly. quiet. Considerable firing has been kept up all night be tween the pickets on the centre and right. yesterday .morning' about daylight heavy ktring was heard in the direCtion of jamas river, which lasted foiabout two hours. It is reported to hav,e been an attack by some rebel rams on a working party of General Butler, who were cutting a canal across a small peninsula on the James river. A dezeii deserOrs came in yesterday, two of whom were cavalrymen, with all their acoontridents. THE - GENERAL ON HIS NY'ALII-ELOSEN ,Her:rimonn, August 15, The flag-of-trnee steamer New York, from Aiken's Landing, arrived at it.nriapolle yesterday marr4ng, with 415 exehanged prlstirers, Is chiding eleven'ortioers. lslajor General Burnslde.and staff arrived here this 'morning, and took breakfast at the Eutaw Rouse. He is going to Rhode Island. ' • . AN EXPEEITION AND RECONEHMEANON UP THE WASITIMITOST, -August le.--The .mall boat, from City Point today, reports that on Saturday after noon a body of our troops embarked on transports at City Point, and moved up the river during the night, and, under cover of the tire of the gunboats, had effected a landing near Dutch Gap. The object of this movement is stated to be the dislodgment of a considerable force of the enemy Who had en trenched themselves on the river, and possibly also as a reconnoissance to ascertain what, troops Lee has before Richmond, and if he Is sending any con siderable reinforcements to Early. Heavy firing was going 'on when the Vanderbilt loft, both can nonading and musketry. THE ARMY BEFORE ATLANTA. AN uirstroasssruz. ASSAULT ON THE REBELS ON TH2 6TH--:SHICRNAN GRADUALLY APPROACHING THE CITIEHOOD BEING BELEFOROILD Ciworrrickri; August 16.—The correspondent of the Commercial* from Gen. Sherman's army before Atlanta gives an account of an action on the oth Inst., in which the 23d Gorps . lost . over 600 men In a partially unsuccessful assault on the enemy"s lines. At the 'last accounts, Auguit Bth, our line had advanoedatbree miles nottiewest of Atlanta, and within a mile and a half Of the Macon road. The Gazette has received Atlanta 'advices to the 10th inst.: 4, Since Gen. Schofield's movements on the bth, to reach the .Macon road, nothing im portant bad • been 'done. These movements had been partially successful, and the right of the line had, assumed a position three miles north of East Point and' bout a mile from the railroad line. It thence extends north around thi city to the Ohatta . nooga road. • ' , General Sherman was making general ap• preaches and Is very near the enemy's works, with works .nearly as strong as theirs. It was thought that Gen. Hood, in command of the enemy, had re calved reinforcements.” DEPARTMENT OF THE ODILF. _ . • THY BATTLE IN MOBILS PABICA, 0171 4 8 orprial4r. REPORT. WABBIZIGTON, August 154—The following official despatch bas been received by the Navy Depart. moat: FLAG-13HIr lIARTVOItD, .15101111,8 BAY, August 6,1864 Stu: I have the honor to report to the Department that this morning I entered Mobile Bay, passing between Forts Morgan and Gaines, and encounter• ing the rebel ram Tennessee, and the rebel gun boats Selma, Morgan, and Gaines. The attacking fleet was under way by 548 A. M. in the following order: Brooklyn, with the flatware on the port side; Hartford, with the Metacomet; Illehmond, with the Port Royal ; Lackawanna, with the Semi nole ; Monongahela, with the Kennebec; Ossipee, with the Itasca, and Oneida, with the Galena. On the starboard of the fleet was the proper position of the monitors or iron-clads. The wind was light from the southwest and the sky cloudy, with very little sun. Fort Morgan opened • upon us at ten minutest past 7, and soon, after this the action became lively. As we steamed up the main ship channel there was some difficulty ahead, and the Hartford passed on ahead of the Brooklyn. At forty minutes past 7 the monitor Tecumseh was struck by a torpedo and sunk, going down rapidly, and carrying with her all her officers and crew,With the exception of the pilot and eight ei ten men, who were saved by a boat that I sent from the Metacomet, alongside of me: The Hartford had paned the forts before B o'clock, and finding myself waked by ,the rebel gunboats, I ordered the MetacOmet te cast off and go In pursuit of them, one of which, the Selma, she 'succeeded in capturing. All the vessels had passed the forts by nalf past 8 o'clock, but the rebel ram Tennessee was still apparently uninjured in our rear. Signal was at once made to all the fleet to-turn again and attack the ram, not only with guns, but with orders to run her down at full speed. The Monongahela was the first that struck her; though she may have injured her badly, yet she did not succeed in disabling her. The Lackawana 5130 struck her, but ineffectually, and the flag-ship gave her a severs shook with her bow, and, as she passed, poured her whole port broadside shot into her—solid nine-inch shot and thirteen pounds of powder, at a distance of not more than twelve feet. The iron clads were closing upon her,:and the Hartford and the rest of the fleet were bearing down upon her, when, at 10 A. k, she surrendered. The rest of the' rebel fleet, viz., the Morgan and Gaines, .sucoeeded in getting back under the protection of Fort Mor gan. This terminated the action,of to-day. Admi ral Buchanan sent his sword, being himself badly wounded with a oomyound • fracture of the leg, which, it is supposed, will have to be amputated. Having many of tnr men wounded, and the sur geon of the Tennessee being very desirous to 'havt Admiral Buchanan removed to a hospital, I sent a flag of truce to the commanding. officer of Fort Morgan, Brigadier General Riohard L. Page, to say that if he would aliew the wounded of the fleet, at well as their own, to be taken to Pensacola, where they could be better cared for than here, I would send out. one of oar vessels, provided she would be permitted to return, bringing back nothing that she did not take out. General Page consented, and the Metacomet was despatched. The list of casualties on oar part, as far as ascer tained, are as follows : Killed. Wounded. Flagship Hartford 19 ' 23 Brooklyn. ,-". 9 . 9 Ldokawanna . 4 Oneida. 7 23 Monongahela 0 6 Metaeometl 2 Ossipee 1 7' Galena 0 1 Richmond .0 2 In all On the rebel ram Tennessee there were captured twenty officers and about one hundred and seventy MOIL The following is a list of the officers: Admlrisi,T. Buchanan; Commander, James D: Johnston; Lieutenants, Wm. L. Bradford, A. D, Wharton, E. J. lkicDrunntt ; Masters, J. R: • Demo. hy, W. H. Perrin; Fleet Surgeon, D. B. Conrad;, Aseistant Surgeon, R. C. Bowles ; Engineers, Os D. ; Lining, J. O'Connell, John Hayes, 0. Bowen, W. il. : Eatienms; Paymaeter's Clerk, J. IL Cohen; • itater'ithiLates, Forrest, Beebe, and Carter. lOh tbeSeinfa were taken, about ninety officers and men. Of the °Riders 3 have only heard the.names of , two, viz : Commander. Peter H. Ilturphy.andLlejiat. Exeeutive Officer S. H. Comstock, who were kilad. I will send a detailed Astipatah by Die earliest opportunity. Very respectfully, your obedient wont*, D.. •FAZYSAGUT, Rear Addling% Commanding W. G. sime ron . Hon. Gideon Welles, Secretary of tim Nji ington, D. C. .. . LIST Or KII.LRD ON THU BLAN4HIN llartTstonm . —Daniel Morrow, Win. (*plod; Thomas Batne, Benj. Harper, W. Clark, Chat Schaeffer, Frank Stillwell, thieve Walker, John C., Scott, 'Thomas Wilde, Wm.' Smith, Wm. And'rewe, F. Monweti; Levila McLane, Peter Dunfian,-Tine. Baines, Th 01: seantim, T: Smith, T. Oarnell. • • - • Wouernice.=Lientenan 'Adams, Engineer R.l".Heriioic; aceing-th3144 • . W. S. Wlggiriloollllliiiii (since deitd).. Vernon, Adolphus Palle, Davila Elder,..g. D. Blur. 'phy,.Wm. Thomplen, E. Johnson, Walter Lloyd,, N. Forbes, Wm Scantley, C. Stevenson, t. Camp bell, Wm. Doyle, August Simmons, Peter Pitts, Michael Fayal, David Orlin, Wm. Trask, Charles Denis, Thee. O'Connell. EA'ACOATION OF IBROWNBVILLF. WASHINGTON, August M.—Official intelligence having been received at the Department that the military forces of the United States have tempora rily withdrawn from Brownsville, in the State of Tessa, that port will not be considered as open to foreign or domeotic commerce daring such with drawal, but the blockade thereof by the naval forces Of the United States will be resumed. THE GEERPLIAS IN 1‘0,388Y IN HIS OLD HADINPIS-.-ATTALOK AIMIYEIPICAT OT Otra CAVALRY—PICKET-SHOOTING: WA6HINOTON, Augand 16.—Captain Fleming, with sixty men of the 76th New York Cavalry, who were out on a scout, was attacked near Fairfax Station on Thursday, by a body of Mosehregu Mitts, and Captain Fleming and eight of his men were killed, and most of the others taken prisoners. Captain Fleming's *body was found near the road and taken to Falls Church and buried. On Sunday morning several rebel scouts were seen near Fort *ohnelder, at Annandale.. They fired upon our pickets in several directions. Sergeant Linnan, of the 10th Now York Cavalry, who was on picket on. the Braddock road, was killed. Onr scouts are on the alert on the hills, and in the valleys, and through the dense woods, bat are unable to catch these ploket-shooting assassins and marauding highway men. FORTRESS RIPANNOE. INTERESTING 'EXTRACTS 118011 BERRI. JOURNALS. FORTRESS Mormon, August 14.—Riehmond pa pers of August Ilth and leth.contain the following Sterna of Interest : "Mrs; Dr. Mary E. Walker, captured in Georgia upwards of five months ago, has been released from Castle Thunder, and gees do Wn On the Rag of trace." (She was exchanged as a surgeon, and has arrived at Old Point Comfort.—Correspondeni.) The Enquirer, of August lith, says : "Fort Gaines has gone the way of Hatteras, Roanoke Island, Pu laski, and Hilton Head. Ito Isolated position was exposed' to the concentrated assault of the Yankee navy and flanking operations of troopedebarked upoh commanding points: Perhaps the officer In coin mand.of the fort may have proved himself a traitor. In that awe, eternal Infamy awaits him. If these forts were not built to be taken, they have not, thus far, rendered any other. use. It is not worth while to discuss the policy, BIROS Fort Gaines is about the last of our sand. bar defences this side of Galveston. This lower fort captured, and our iron-clad flotilla demolished, Mobile would seem in danger of being taken. Mobile, while sharing the fate of Norfolk and New Orleans, will have our sympathies." The Savannah Republican says: "In relation to recent movements in upper Georgia, the news Is joyful. We hold our position at Atlanta. To crown the glory of our victory, the famous General Stone man, the pet of the Yankees, has been vanqaished— hinnielf and Sire hundred of his officers and men have arrived-at Macon. This is glorious news, enough for a campaign. The sudden appearance of Reddy at Newnan, and his signal victory over the • Yankees at that , point, are as much unexpected as gratifying. He is now in Sherman's rear with. a large and veteran force, and we shall soon hear from him again. The prisoners oaptured In the assault on Petersburg, 30th ult., number 1,375, and represent bi different regiments, 40 white, and 11 black." The Enquirer !peaks exultingly over the re-elec. thin of Governor Vance, of North Carolina, which, it Ear, was important to convince all sceptics that the Old North State ratifies, in the fourth year of war, the decisions of her councils at Its commence ment. State rice is liity cents per pound in Rice mond. Died at Fortress Monroe, August lath, h?rs. Small, wife of Lieut. CoL Small, chief commissary of this department. No arrival from the James river up to 4 P. M. THE INDIAN WAR. f . t ~ V: . I 1 ..~ LaavartwouTu, August ls.—The Atchison Pre:, has news from Little Blue that the Indians on Sun day last commenced an indiscriminate murder of the whites in that section of the stage route. The station•keepers and settlers wore all leaving, and the Overland Mall coaches had stopped running. ALL THE TRINES ON THE PLAINS OOLLEA.OF.ED ECEIZZEI ST. Loins, August D.—A despatch from Fort . Leavenworth to the Democrat says the Indian out rages coo tinue in Northern. Kansas. The people In the northwestern mantles have been murdered, their crops destroyed, and their stock driven off. The evidence accumulates to show that all or nearly all the tribes on the plains are banded together for war. General Blunt has issued orders that no arms or ammunition shall be sold to them, and notified all officers having authority with the Indians not to allow them to leave their reservations for the West, and that such act will be taken as a proof of their hostility, and treated accordingly. CROPS' DIISTROYED BY GRASEMOIPPSII.B Lzavunwonnt, August 15:— . The • Kokotah Union of the 2d says everything in the nature of crops /a tho Missouri Valley, from ~Port Pierre to Sioux City, has been ruined in the short space of two! days by grasshoppers, and that the supply of food must be imported for the subsLstenoe of the people during the ensuing year. - THE TALLAHASSEE. A.TICY;RBIL VBEiBIII. DESTEDICILD Pim:ovum:lox, R. L, August I.s.—The brig Billow, of Salem, with %lumber, was fallen In with by the gunboat. Grand Gulf, diamasted and abandoned. She had apparently been boarded by the Tallahas see. The Grand Gulf took her in tow, and after wards gave her to the revenue cutter Miami, which towed her to Newport last night. The Grand Gulf proceeded In search of the pirate. 31cm:17E0s/etB strawar. OR BONDED. BOSTON, August 15.—The schooner - R. E Pecker, of Richmond, Me., Capt. Maroon, from Baltimore foi.Bath, put into Holmes' Hole on the 14th, having been captured by the pirate Tallahassee, at 8 P. X. on the 12th, in latitude 41 deg., longitude 71 deg., and bonded for $lO,OOO. The Tallahassee also captured, on the 10th, the brig Billow, of Salero,\Captain Reed, from 'Calais for Baltimore ; and the schooner Spokane, of Tre mont; Me., Captain Sawyer, from Calais for Phila.. delpbia. TheUrews were transferred to the R. E. Pecker, and landed at Holmes' Hole. The Billow's masts were out away and the vessel scuttled. The Spokane was set on fire. Both vessels were loaded with laths. Captain Sawyer, of the Spokane, was on board the pirate for six hours. He represents her to be from 800 to 1,000 tons burden, and very fast. Bea officers boasted of having de stroyed sixteen vessels in thirty hours, and had cap tured fifty in all. PnoviDrscs. August 15.—The bark f.34eilitiVeni . from .Glasgow for New York, with iron, was de stroyed by the Tallahassee oriSatarday =eming off Nantucket. Captain Watts and crew have arrived at Newport, having been put on a Prussian bark and thence transferred to a nutter. . GENERAL SEYMOUR'SACPIOEMENOE zx OIIARIAS- To)l.—General ,Seymour, recently ezohanged at Charleston, with other Federal officers, arrived In Troy on Wednesday eyanin , and left the neat morning for Williamstown, Massachusetts,where .he awaits orders from Waabington. hie is quit* feeble from the effects - of confinement and Ineuttt dent food. UP. to the period when he was trans ferred to Charleston he suffered great hardships; and was afforded hardly sufficient food to maintain - At Charleston, although our officers were nomi nally placed under fire, they were decently treated. During the six weeks he was there only one shell came ntar them, and that did no damage. ' The city is badly out up by the firing from our batteries, and as many as fifty shells a day are hurled Into the.Be cesaion hotbed. Buildings on all are torn to pieces, sad the damage is very great. From the 'wreck of matter' , produced by our firing, it would seem that there will not her/inch of Charleston left if the shelling is continued as at present. General Seymour was stationed at Charleston some two or three years before the war commenced. He therefore had many influential - aoquaintances there, and to them he was indebted for generous courtesies during his late involuntary stay among them. Be conversed with them freely about the war. Re told them the North would never yield;. that the determination of the people was to wipe• out the rebellion and Save the- Union, no matter what sacrifices the great work. should involve. • Orr:manse tur lintwate.—The Springfield (Illi nois) Journal gives these details of recent outrages by Olingmanie guerillas : "From a gentleman from Payette county we learn : that the rebel Clingman's gang of thieves and out throats still continue their depredations In the vf. cinity of Vandalia. On Monday evening last gang of the scoundrels want to the house. of a Ali. Robert Bowlee, about four and ee half miles from. Vandalia, and while there shot Mr. B)wles and his daughter, inflicting serious though not mortal wounds. Dlr. Bowles is a highly respectable citi zen, and hie offence consisted in having condemned the acts of the outlaws. Such - is the' freedont•of• speech allowed by these representatives of modern Democracy. It is also stated that an attempt was made by the scoundrels (but without success) to.fire Mr. Bowles' house. . g‘ The citizens of VendaMa- are in great dread. of attack from Olingman, in accordance with his threat unless provisions wer e furnished his band of outlars. Many who have heretofore been kindly disposedlo• wards the rebels (were, in fact, rebel sympathizers,) perceive the peril in which their persons andpro.. perty are placed, and are anxious to be rid of their unwelcome visitors. We learn that the civil autho rities have called for a military force to assist In putting a stop to these outrages, and Col. Pugh, of thebeteran list Illinois, has left at the head of. a, suliicient force to attend to thematter. The country can rest assured that what he does will be well and prudently done.” Tie NEW STYLB OF ExOItANING PICTUBBEL"...fI very remarkable discovery has been made by which: pictures can be engraved with but a fractional part of the expense and. labor attendant upon..the old' system. It Is called the Graphotypeprooess. The. following is a description of this new addition to the. world of art: "'A plate of suitable metal is Itrepared, and upon. the facing of it a coating of substances cheinicallsr andmechanioally prepared is formed and perfected: wider hydraulic pressure, making an entirely smooth. surface, on which the drawings or devices tote en graved are easily traced bythe artist With an ink or fluid which possesses the property of induratbageaoh. part of the surface which it touches, giving to the. coating or enamel underlying the parte touched- a. resisting power suffloient to prevent any injury to the lines, while the Softer and unaffected. portions-of the surface 0f the plate are brushed• away or re moved by an txreentric brush or other means so, fur as is necessary togi ve the proper relief to the draw. Ing. From this ate a stereotype Is prepared in a il the ordinary e;from which the engravings or devices thus rendered are printed." A stock company has been formed, with a capital of *1,900100e, divided into 200,000 shares at ars each. Borer. hiacmswit..—The Northern Fireig, pub- Bated at Belfast, Ireland, says the bark Cleopatra, arrived at that port on the 20th. Thoorew say that on the cloth ult., when 400 miles from the watt of Ireland, the captain harpooned a Urge mackerel. When brought on board, and and offal taken . away, it weighed olosaupon five owt, and was eight 'feet in length - -The, captain and two of- the crew still hear the marks of the Seirilitlii struggle their had in capturing this monster of the deap. To the cu rious in natural history UK, capt a i n w ill s h ow t ho bead and other pertions of the huge fish. The Cleo. patra is lying la Prince% dock. • THE Washington Repabikan says it gave imbrue. lions to an abie reporter to write an article on the beat, but revelved instead a note front his twin ser vant to the effect that he had , been obliged io dip his „master out of bed with a spohn, and!he woilid not be able to write newspapare.rtioles at pregent." Tn nevt.deolmil coinage of Maximilian, issued at the time of the arrlial..oUthe - Emperor at Vera erns, bears. his superserip:tion or the farowned tagle IP standing. on . it _ nojate or - prickly pear. -of .blesloo. Its VIIiIIe II I III. OOIIMIDOS, Or etnitil,lll pur JELIFt CY PE. , -The lei don Times on Grant's Rittnatt" —*Meelicase Difficulty with Mend.. Fallout POINT, Auguat,ls.---Theateanzahria N or a, American, from Live Spool on the 4th inst.% bag ar rived at this port. The Peruvian, from Quebec, arrived at London derry on the Ist. The Re'dar, from Hew York, ar. rived at Queenstown on the Ist, and the Etna, face New York, ar rived at Queenstown on the The Germania, from New York, arrived at South ampton on the Bd. The political news Os almost blank. The U. S. war steamer Niagara arrived at Liver. pool on the 3d inst., an war received with a salute from the British war steamer Majestic - . The Lqn. don Times publishes a letter from itichillolo, dated June 27th. The writer expresses the troffer that General Grant knows full well that neither Peters burg nor Richmond can be taken by fighting, and thatl he will make no more onslaughts on the Con federate breastworks Abut will quietly assume the defensive. He says It is a question of subsistence, but Richmond can' never be starved. out until the two. railroads from the south as well , ae the James.river canal and the railroads from the north are utterly annihilated, which he contende Grant is not strong enough to do. Ile admits Grant's opera. Lions may occasionally cease the Confederate army to be placed on half rations, but this will not affect the result.. The Alexandria (Egypt) correspondent of the Times gives the particulars of a quarrel between the American consul and the Egyptian Government. An American, in erecting a steam engine, par tially destroyed an aqueduct for supplying a town , with water. The consul, on being applied to by the authorities, stopped the works, bat sabre. quently permitted them to proceed. The Glo ver's's:lent then forcibly interfered and ejected , the workmen. The consul thereupon demar ded satisfaction for the insult to the American flag, and refused to accede to proposals that each party should send engineers to inspect the alleged damage, agreeing to abide by their joint deeleion, and threatened to strike his colors union satisfaction was given within twenty-four home. Accordingly, after that time had elapsed the flag was battled downwards, and a despatch from the Government which 'arrived almost immediately afterwards was returned unopened. The comsat telegraphed toConstaetinople, and the matter rests. There is an utter absence of anything of moment in the general news. The English Cabinet have all dispersed for the Season. Lord and Lady Palmerston had been engaged in the ceremony of cutting the first sod on a new rail road. Nothing additional has transpired in regard to the peace negotiations atYlenna. The Paris Bourse, on the 3d, opened firm, but closed fiat. Relates 66 40. In the London market the funds were inactive, but rather less weak. The discount demand con -tinned moderate, and the-best bills were taken at Tx. Sattetthwaita_Ss. Co.'s circular says during the last that gave bah American and Government bonds and railwayshares .rained. Inquiries have bteLl made for Atlantic and Great Western bonds of the Ohio section, but:there are none- in the mar ket. Pennsylvania section Ist mortgage brought 74. LIVERPOOL COTTON XARIERT, Augnst4.—Cotton —Sales for three days - 14,000 bales, of which 3,000 were to speculators and exporters. The market is dull, and all qualities have slightly deatined. STATE OP Tacna.—The-Manchester market is active, with a downward tendency. LIVERPOOL BREADEITUPPS MARESP,l—Waktlfeld, Nash. & Co. and Richardson, Spence,. & Co, report Flour easier and partially ad lower. Wheat fiat and I@2d lower. Gent tends downward ; mixed 295. Livuaropt, Paoli - Lwow MARKET .— T he same au thorities report.Provisionit quiet and steady. Beef quiet. Pont steady. Bacon easier: Lard quiet and declining. Tallow quiet and steady. LIVERPOOL :PRODUCE PiLensotr.—Ashes steady. 'Sugar easier. Coffee quiet and steady. Rice bac tire. Rosin steady. Spirits of Turpentine dell and lower at 695. Petroleum inactive and nominal at unchanged quotations. . Loup w liLtaxarrs, August 3.—Breadstnth de dining. Sow; steady and unchanged. Coffee quiet'and easier. Tea quiet. Rice firmer. Tallow steady. Linseed Oil easier. Illinois Central shares 44@43 4)? cent. discount; Erie 404t42. Console were closed at the close on Wednesday at 89%fi 89%-for money. Arrived from Philadelphia, August Bd, ship Good Return, at Queenstown. Sailed for Philadelphia, 3d, Winfield Scott, from Liverpool, Wong AND WAGES IN.EGROPIL—The Secretary of the Board of Agriculture collected, during a re cent visit to Europe, some interesting particulars in regard to the wages of farm laborers and others In England, Ireland, and on the continent. Thirty seven cents per ray he reports - as the - highest sum paid, the laborer boarding himself, In MOSt parts of Ireland the farm laborer gets but twenty-tive cents per day, and boards and lodges himself, awl at that rate he cannot get work half the time. The "day?.s work," morebver, is from daylight till dark, no ten-hour system or act protecting the workman OD the Raid. "In Ghent., Belgium, the average price Is about a franc and a half, or. about 39 cents a day, the finding workmen . -themselves. In' the neighbor hood of Bonn, on the Rhine, it -Is ten silver gro- schen, or about 23-cents per day. In Wiesbaden it is from 42 to 48 kreutzers a day for work men on farina and on roads, or from 30 to 35 cents. At the farm- of the Agricultural Institute at Golsberg, near Wiesbaden, the prioe paid is 38 kreutzers a day; or =24 cents the men in all cases boarding themselves. In and about Heidelberg, In the Grand Duchy of Baden, it varies from 42 to 48 kreutzeri. In and around Cassel the daily wages amount kreutzers., 15 :silver grosohen, or 37 cents. At the Agricultural College at' Weihenste pan, the pay for female laborers in the field is 24 kreutzert, or about 18 cents a day, finding them selves. 'This is in harvest time, when the price is higher than at any Other seasons. "These prices'everywhero seemed small for hard, earnest labor, and I coma not help thinking how glad our own farmers would be to give double and board their workmen at -that: Now it Is true that the price of living Is not generally quite so high in the countries I have named as with us, yet the .41fference is nowhere so great, compara tively, as the price paid for labor. In fact. 1 to live as well as oar. people of the same class do, the cost would be, very nearly the same. The-price of potatoes,-fer instance, in the neigh borhood of Dublin, is seven pence a stone of 14 pounds. This is a cent a- pound, or 60 acute a bushel. Parsnips are £4, or about $2O a ton. 'The- . Price of good butter throughout Ireland la on an average a shilling a pound, so that a. man ,has to w ork bard 12 or 14 hours to earn pound .of butter. This Is the price in town and country. The model farm at GlaSnevin got 'lB pence, or 36 cents a pound in - January of this year, 1864, and the lowest price any time is a shilling or 13 penoe—that is 24 and 26.. cents. I made similar Inquiries as to the price of common articles as a means of comparison everywhere I went., aria I know about how the case stands, for I made it practice to record such items os the spot. The price of flour is about as high on the continent as witk us, and I think the same quality of meats aboutas high.' There is an old lady In Myriekville, Mass., who is 102 years old. She still retains all her faculties, and loves particularly to (ileum and contrast the present with the old Revolutionary times, some what in favor of the former. She sass she remain bars when, in 1778, her sister went to New Bedford to . buy a calico dress for a daughter ; she got a cow se piece of goods, such as no one would wear now, and bad to pay four shillings a yard for it— sixty-seven cents of our money. Oom then sold briskly for 18 a bushel ; this was In a scarcity occasioned by the destruct:lmi of the °rope by the weather. She said a man came twenty miles to obtain employment, for the sake of procuring food ler his family. Ile °Herod to work for her father for a peck of corn a day, and did work for a week for half a bushel per day, which he carried home' on his back. But , in the midst of all these trials the people were cheerful and ndilted. IreRCM POSITIVE SALIr Bociirs,:SßOßS, 13110- Wail, TRAVELLING BAGS, &O.—The early attar' tion of purchasers is requested to the,farge assort- Ment of boots, oboes, brogans, travelling baga,, are., embracing samples of 1,100 packages of first class Seasonable goods of city andy.astern manufao tura, to be peremptorily sold by catalogue putout month's' credit, commencing •this moaning at 10 o'clock, by Johif B. Xyers & Co., auotioneers r :Dioe. 232 and 284 Blarket street. TIME CITY. . The Thermometer. • ./.130•11fiT 15. 1884. AUGUBTI6. 6•A .... IL .. P. Ni 82 78 d 9 90 WIRD. .-NW by W E . • MILITARY. atn. LECHLER 'S Bsannarr. Col, A. A. Lechler, of the 199th Pennsylvania, Re giment, now recruiting in this city, has published a . card, from which it appears that, the- quota of the pity might have been much more nearly filled, lithe authoritietrbad offered as high bounties as some ad. joining counties are doing. The writer says : "Un der the Governor's call for ten new 'regiments for year's service, as I hadone company from Perry county, and one from Lebanon, I determined to or ganize a regiment. I called upon the authorities, as it was my earnest wish to have these men credit ed' to the, quota of Philadelphia, and was informed that the bounty, would be $lOO. The - commissioners of Lebanowcounty were here at the time, and were offering the company $3OO local bounty, and the comPany sencluned that, they would credit thank selves-to Philadelphia .for the same bounty. This amount of bounty the commissioners could not pay, -so the creditor two hundred men was lord to P.Ula. - delphia." - A gain,.Col. Lechler observes: "Lehigh county furnishes two companies for my regiment, Perry cminty'one -company, Lebanon one company, and squads from varlona parts of the State. I was and am desirorui of giving the city my aid in filling her quota..” As long as other sections of the State can afford,to outbid Philadelphia, we need not entertain the slightest hopes of filling our qUota. The remedy for the evil does not rest so Much with the Bounty Fund Commission, or even with Councils, as with the citizens themselves, and they should be stirring thennielves in their several wards. CAVALRY REGLEFINT•RIT,TORNEth. Ono of the most distinguished cavalry regiments (the 3d PennsylvaniaLreturned home- on Saturday afternoon. It was quartered at the Cooper shop Refreshment' Saloon. With the exception, of four coMpariles, this regiment was recruited is this city hake month of July, DAL Whemmustared into Service It numbere d. more than 14200 men. Sincethat time its ranks, diminished by bullets and sickness, have been streng.theised by , the addition of 400 men. Of the whole, but 300 'remain. Seventy five have re-enlisted, and are now serving in the field. The fierce lightink of this war, fiercerand more pertinacious than any other of modern times, is well illustrated. 'by the feet that this Single organization has, fought in more than ; thirty battles, and baspartleinated inover two hun : dred skirmishes. Two of itsteolonela "Lynda and I Rfolntosh, have reoeiveda velbmerked promotion to generaiships, and their brave -soldiers have good ' right to be proud of this official reoognition of the services they have rendered. The time of service of ibis brave regiment expired,on.the first of July, but, upon the invasion of the State by the Southern raiders they gallantly resolved - again to brave the hardships and perils of war, tilt iha, rebels had been driven from the State. Yesterday morning they . made a parade through our principal streets, pre-- ceded by a band of music laMer in the day they. were mustered out of the. Pardee. The officers of the regiment at the time of tb.oir rettiin were aefollows : S. Sones,Colonel commanding; W. B. Realip,, surgeon; S. P. Boyer, qnsztormaster ; S. W. Wag' ner, 'Ve commissar Sergeant; O. A. rnon°, acting_ adjutant It. B. Wright,' septalti •W. E. Miller, captain ; I. Lee Engle - bort, taptain ' ; F. W. Wetbe • rill, captain ; , E. W. Bests, °opts's, ; D. Gallo way, captain ; E. L. Caideakan, that lieutenant; S. S. Green, first lieutenant; A. Bradbury, first Hen , tenant. totitxxv:W. or wotrza•TO sotgw4. The troneleint steanoer Atlantic arrived at Phila. delpida on Saturday aightlat, with about six UP , dyed wounded soldiers on board. the t Sunditg, they we's taken to eatoben, and thence zszooyeAto.tilei hospital at White Hall. • DEBRRTERIB.. - The follownsmed - soldiers were' reported at the Medical *ector's office sm . having, destitied from an hospitals in this de an Chesten, f'a,—John Brown , 48th Pennsylvania ; Wm. Caywood, A, 16t Bahism ; Henry Clam, 9th :R.es` YorkArtillea y ;Miaow Rosen, A, Ist Stiehl. • ism; Charles B, tOkh Peasstylvanis; .1. , ..1)...L0nft,A2t, 116th Peensylventa ; Borden Haas aer, R.lo9th New Yo*;RL. A. Arnold, A, 9th New York Cavalry ; H. AL Rhoads, B, 154th Pease ylva nfa; Wm. Benton, Al 60th Ohio 1 AUgUatna Borden 40th New York. amid: and Cherry.—Andrew Nicholson; 0, 151Iak rennsylvanis, -. Haddingtoft.—Aaron Gnnn, 0.140* Penner mats; Lewis Batbrikost, sihrlkost, 16th New York; John Mahan, 69t4iNlaw.Yorki.Q. W. Robinson; Tai Vttr k(eqr
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers