Ett Vrtss. FRIDAY, AUGUST '7 1863 .48' We can take no notice of anonymous bommti. ideation. We do not return rejected manuscripts. air Voluntary correspondence solicited from all parts of the world, 'and especially from our different Military and naval departments. When used, it Will be paid for. TWO iLiTT LES. Pennsylvania has recently been the thea 'tre of war, and upon her soil a great battle has been fought, a glorious victory has been - gained. Those principles of freedom. and -government Upon which our past and future 'and are based were fiercely defended and nobly vindicated. We krieW . the im portance of 'victory, then, and all the North understood, as it waited in fearful suspense, 'the terrible penalty of - defeat Thousands of brave men died on the field of battle to avert that fearful evil. .They perished not in vain; for the deeds:of that three-days battle saved the nation A from a fearful blow, and the State from desolation and dis grace. Pennsylvania is now the scene of another contest, not less important than that of Gettysburg; in anottier way . her fair fame is to be protected, her boy ally asserted. Once again is committed to her keeping the principles of liberty ; she is asked once more to, give her aid to the Clovernment which embodies them. In this .% crisis, an election is as important as an army. Will the one battle be as glorious as the other? We know that if the :people of Pennsylvania are true to their own record the October election will repeat the glory of the battles of July. Are not the principles of the two contests so closely united that, Practically, they may be considered identi cal ? Was, or was not, the victory of Get tysburg a victory for the Government? - x`---&---A-ctuestion_the Army of the Potomac there de retitle lA_ and thrt present Administration, and the knowledge of this fact aided it to - fight so gloriously. If, then, the loyabpeople rejoiced in this vic tory, will they not give all their energies to repeat it ? The party which nominated Judge Woonwanu the next Governor of the State is opposed to the Government and the war, and is, therefore, by the sternest logic, opposed to the cause which that - vie tory sustained. There cannot be threee-sides to this great question which Rebellion and Government are arguing with armies. And no loyal, man, appreciating the issues at stake, can doubt for a moment that the eke tion of Governor OuRTIN will be as tho roughly a victory for liberty and law, as truly a defeat for slavery and rebellion, as _vas that great battle which so gloriously - rolled back invasion. • The Freedmen. The American Freedmen's Inquiry Com mission has made its preliminary report to the Secretsry of War. The Commission composed of ROBERT DALE OWEN, JAMES MOKA.YE, and L. G. HOWE, was created "to investigate the condition of the colored population emancipated by acts of Congress and by the President's proclamation of January 1, 1803, and to report what mea sures will best contribute to their protection and improvement, so that they may defend and support themselves ; and, also, how they can be. most usefully employed in the ser :rice of the Government for the suppression of the rebellion." The report shows with what care this investigation has been made, and how valuable are its results. It an nounces at the outset, the fundamental truth that " negro refugees need not be, ex cept for a brief period, any burden on the Government, but, on the contrary, may be, come auxiliaries in the prosecution of the war to the full as efficient as the same number of loyal white emigrants in the Northern States." It illustrates their usefulr.ess to the Government, by a vast number of facts gathered during many months from all parts of the country, not the mere conjectures or inferences of persons prejudiced in favor of the negro, but facts, be it remembered, which even his enemies must admit. The evident impar tiality of the Commission entitles all its statements to respect. Unlike Mr. WEN DELL PHILLIPS, it does not advocate amal gamation as the only hope of America; un like many of the extreme admirers of the negro race, it does not affirm it to be the su perior of tho white race. Recognizing fully the virtues of the Southern negroes, and un .derstandina how much greater is the possi bility of virtue in a future of freedom, it, equally perceives their vices. These are such as slavery fosters . . "Deprived of pro perty, they do not respect its rights. Accus tomed under despotic rule to shield them selves by falsehood, they lie 'when a lie will please a superior or avert, punishment. Legally unable to form binding conjugal re lations, they are incontinent." But the commissioners believe that these vices are not deeply rooted, ancicvidence is furnished that the appeal of the United States to the self-respect of the freedman, his conscious ness of freed om, and the hope of a higher future, are having a visible effect for good. Debasement such as theirs is not constitu tional; it is conditional. It is said that the color of the black man is owing to climatic influence ; itmay be false or true, but it serves as an illustration ; if climate shaped his skull and painted his skin, so slavery has changed his soul; but it will not requirecenturies of freedom to restore the negro to his true position in life. The Commission declares these people to be more devotional than the - whites, and through their simple faith they rapidly learn to love those great truths which transfigure the mean, and recreate the weak. There is, much imperfectly de veloped goodness in the race, which, in a state of freedom, will work out its own salvation. The evidence offered by, the Commission to prove the value of the negroes as soldiers has been made superfluous by the actual demonstration. Argument on that point is now unnecessary. The opponents of that great policy which contemplates the crea tion .of an army of two hundred thousand negroes are silenced, or, at least, their opposition is confined to sneers. It has been proved that the freedmen make disci plined, enthusiastic, brave troops ; the hu manitarian argument that they would begin a mad massacre, if arms were placed in their hands, their own forbearance has proved ungrounded. The assertion that the gallant 'white soldiers of the United States would object to the companionship of negroes is found to be ridiculous. We have already stated that the fighting black regiments of South Carolina and Louisiana have earned the good will of two armies. The slander ous prediction that they would disgrace the national uniform cannot be repeated, for they have honored it. They carry. Port Hudson, Milliken's Bend, and' Battery Wagner on their banners. Yet, though the question is settled, the testimony of the Com Mission is important; and its recommendation that the Government should bring into the field as early as possi ble two hundred thousand colored soldiers, or more, must have the earnest approval of every intelligent man. Good to the nation, good to the colored race, are the certain results. Very justly says the report: "If the slaves of the South are loyal to the Union, the North will have but itself to blame if the war is not speedily and, tri umphantly closed." Invaluable as are the freedmen as laborers in forts and entrench ments, it will not do to make them simply the servants of our armies. That, justice and policy alike forbid. The uniform of the United States is to the freed slave the sign of his fAcdom—the proof of the good faith of the Government. For his own sake, he will not disgrace it. To again quote the report: " We cannot expect this untutored race to understand the abstract proposition, that a great nation, after having solemnly -declared, through its. Chief Magistrate, that 3,000,000 of its inhabitants shall be forever free, cannot, without utter degradation in the eyes of the civilized world, repudiate that declaration, and reconsign these mil lions to slavery. They must have More tangible proof of the reality and unchange able character of their emancipation. They ratiSt feel themselves treated as freemen httore they can fully realize the fact that they are and will forever remain such." The many interesting details of this re-, port we must omit .; its statements are ex haustive of the condition of the freedmen ; its proposals refer to all the measures for their improvement, and its argument in cludes the entire question. The Commis sion is doing a great and noble work, and its statements and opinions are worthy of the earnest consideration of the whole peo ple. This negro question still underlies the war, and thmwar mustbe conducted in re ference to it, for peace cannot be established until it is settled. Our national policy must lie brave and just, if our national future is to be prosperous and undisturbed by civil broils... We must so dispose of this question of shivery that it can never again be agitated ; war and legishttion must be so conducted that another' slaveholder's rebellion will be impossible. To be just to ourselves, we must he just to the colored man. All that the freedman can receive, the Government, and the people must give. The one can re store rights and grant privileges; the other can offe,r sympathy and aid. If it is other wise; if the spirit of the New York riots could become the spirit of the American people, - we- may abandon all hope of our Republic. But we know that the bitter and degraded prejudice against the colored man is disappearing in the North, and cannot long exist in the light of his deeds, his mag nanimous devotion to the Union, in which he so long lived an alien and slave. Ame rica must think well of these truths, and act upon Ahem from her mind and heart. Another European Difficulty. A correspondence, published in the offi cial journal of Prussia, betwebn the foolish old gentleman who misgoverns . that King dom and his only son and heinapparent, very fully discloses the difference between father and son. The first letter is from the Prince to the King, and was written cn the 31st of May, before the young man went the military tour during which he visited Dantzic and told the Municipality there how much he disapproved of hisifather's foolish policy. The Prince earnestly implores the King not to invade the law in theßvay he hinted, and assures him that he had no in tention to obstruct the Government In the reply to this letter, the King soundly scolds the Prince for want of caution— for making spetches against the Ministry— and orders him to pursue a different course, "by slighting the Progressists and courting the Conservatives." His Majesty an nounces his fixed purpose of laying the new bill, for abridging the liberty of the Press, before the Landtag or Parliament. The immediate reply to this was a Protest, which the Crown Prince lodged on the 3d of June, against the decree on the press. This document he sent to Herr VON BIS :NIA-RCN, head of the Prussian Ministry, with a request that he would communicate it to the Cabinet This protest is strong and in dignant One passage runs thus : "I deem the proceedings of the Cabinet to be both illegal and injurious to the State and, the dynasty. I declare the measure to have been taken without my wishing and know ing it; and I protest against any inferences and ascriptions to be possibly based upon my relation to the Council of State." Next day, the Prince wrote again to the King, complaining that the new decree 'on the press was at once a violation and evasion of the Charter, and that, at all events, it should have been submitted to the Parliament, which had not been done. On the sth June, the Crown Prince made the memorable speech to the burgesses of Dantzic, in which he had protested against being understood as in any way sanctioning the illegal proceedings of the Government. A report of this speech having been pub lished, there came to the Prince, in hot haste, a missive from the King, strongly censuring him, commanding him to disavow the objectionable remarks, and to avoid all such declarations in future ; the penalty, of disobedience, he was plainly told, being a recall to Berlin, where he would be deprived of his military commands, (lieutenant gene ral of the First division of infantry, and colonel of six regiments,) and deposed from his office - as one of the Council of State. It appeared also that, in his first anger at the Dantzic speech, the King had determined at once to punish him as above, but that the Cabinet, although not less indignant, had prevailed on him to avoid such a public scandal. Not alarmed by his father's threats, the Prince replied to them with grave and firm dignity. Part of this reply reads thus : "The address I delivered at Dantzic is the result of calm reflection. I long owed it to my conscience and my position to profess, in the fade of the world, an opinion the truth of which has forced itself upon me more fully from day to day. The hope only of being able, after all, to avoid placing myself in ()pp . sition to you ' stilled the monitions of my internal voice. But now, ignoring my different views, the Ministry have taken a step imperilling my future and that of my children. I shall make as courageous a stand for my future as you, my dear father, are, malting for what you deem your own rights. I can not retract anything I ham said. All I can do is to keep quiet. Should you wish me to do so, I hereby lay at your feet my commission in the army and my seat in the Council of State. I beg you to appoint me a place of residence, or to permit me to select one myself, either in Prussia or abroad. If I am not allowed to speak my mind, I must naturally wish to dissever myself entirely from the sphere of politica" This letter evidently affected the king, who now determined to try what concilia tion would do. He wrote again to the Prince,. asking him to open his mind to himself, but to maintain the strictest secretly with regard to all others, unless he wished to incur the wpishrnent formerly mentioned, and still Ms'pended over his head. His Majesty added, what few could have guessed from his conduct, "I too, have a conscience." This closed the correspondence between father and son, but, still later, Herr von BISMARCK. sent a Ministerial letter to the Prince, which said, "Your Royal Highness is in a position to render our task easy or difficult The Ministers, however, will per severe in pursuing the grand object they have identified themselves with. They are but the loyal and obedient servants a the king.. They, too, had got a conscience, Sic." It is said that, in all these proceedings, the Crown Prince of Prussia had no corm sellor but his wife. We rather doubt this. That lady, not yet twenty-three years old, is Queen VICTORIA's eldest daughter, and grand-niece to King LEoroLD, of Belgium. One can easily see the cunning hand of .F:AL MEESTaT and the astute mind of LEOPOLD in the course which the Prussian prince has taken against his father. Above all things, the desire of 'VICTORIA, and of LEOPOLD, must be to prevent such a revolution in Prussia as would overthrow the monarcliy. They are interested, also, in maintaining Prussia as head of the Protestant party in Germany, as opposed to the Catholic section, represented by Austria. The deposition of the King of Prussia, unless he entirely change his system, is only a question of time, and his only son, the Crown Prince, is acting with policy, at least, in letting the 'World know that his principles and policy are diametrically opposite those of his im prudent and would-be-absolute father. This we take to be the whole history and mystery of the Prince's conduct, whether his own spontaneous action or the carrying out a line suggested by PALMERSTON and LEO POLD. It does not necessarily follow that in the event of the death, abdication, or deposition of King WILLIAM THE FIRST, that his son will succeed him on the throne of Prussia. There are two great parties in that country. The people are liberal, and opposed to the present wretched rule which has so much oppressed and agitated the nation. The aristocracy side with the King, who is also urged by the widow of his predecessor, FREDERICK' WILLIAM IV., and also by his brothers Prince CARL (now Regent of the Kingdom) and Prince ALBERT, and by the sons of his deceased uncles, the Princes FREDERICK CHARLES and FREDERICK WIL LTA3r. The latter - is Lord High Admiral, and holds very absolute opinions. The widow of the late King is a Bavarian Prin cess, much opposed to the English alliance, and more anxious for the interests of her son than those of her nephew-in-law. These royal people, with the aristocracy, would prefer Prince CARL as King, to the Crown Prince, and would probably endeavor to place him 'on the throne, if the opportunity arose. The Prince, who is a great military martinet, and very austere in . manner, is now sixty-two years old. 44 Ther Hope of the Confederacy.” The Richmond journals have surrendered all hope of "any interference on the part of Englann in favor of their " Confederacy," and say that to that Power the war in Alike riea is nothing more than'the house of a rival divided against itself, with no further hope of its being able to stand. So they have taken up the Emperor NAPOLEON as " the hope of the Confederacy," and find great comfort in the thought that his triumphs in Mexico will make him the natural ally of the rebellion, and compel him to interfere. .against the North in the event of any dan gerous victory being obtained by Northern arms. So far as the friendship of the Em peror is concerned, it is really a matter of little difference, unless JUAREZ should sur render Mexico without making the struggle that we expect to see at his hands. The misfortune of the Mexican people has been that the animosity of parties, sects, and reli gions became so deep that triumph was greeted even if it cause from the alliance of the foreigner. We find FOREY ) immedi ately after the capture of Puebla, placing in charge a leading member of the Reactionist party—a party with every sympathy against republicanism in Mexico, and anxious, to ' see the return of the imperial system and the, perpetuation of the priestly power. We find in his ranks Mexicans base enough to take up arms against their own country and assist the triumph of the invader. It is this spirit alwie that will overthrow Mexico; for if its people become divided one from another, the enemy will have an easy vic tory. We do not care to anticipate ally qu.estion that may arise in tlle future; but the occu pation of Mexico by the French has met a very serious obstacle in the fall of Vicks burg. Beyond the M.ississippi river the power of the Republic is absolute, and the Rio Grande is virtually a boundary of the United. States; for the power of the United States is felt and respected in all these re gions. a If NAroLEow attempts to advance his schemes of conquest or. prngrowt, lir will flue Government prepared to try con elusions with him. As Mr. SEWARD said in his letter of instructions to Mr. CORWIN, Mexico is entitled "to a greater forbearance and more generous sympathies from the Government and people of the United States than it is likely to receive in any other quar ter." This is the policy of •Mr. LiNcour and the Administration, a policy of sympa thy and friendship. JUAREZ must save Mexico by the aid of his patriotic country men, and, in the meantime, when we have disposed of the rebellion, as we seem to be on the eve of doing now, we shall be pre pared to listen to any pretension that NAPO LEON may care to make. "Hang the Abolitionists:2 "Why not hang the Abolitionists ?" If we really desire to save the country, this is the way to do it. A dozen of Abolitionists swinging upon a sour apple tree, for in stance, would be a cheering sight, and would do much towards saving the country. What claim have these wretched people, upon the humanity of their fellow-men ? Why should they live ? By all means let them be hanged, and hanged thoroughly. An Abolitionist is such a despidable creature, after all, that it would be a proper thing to pass a law of out lawry. Say, for instance, a law legalizing the New York riots on `a great scale—giving power to every ruffian on the streets to smite and slay with revolver and bludgeon. Why should such men live ? They are men of moral habits, we are told, and some of them are said to_be fathers of children, and given to works of benevolence and mercy. So much the worse. Do we not read that ROBESPIELIk was in love with a woman, and 'that CoumnoN was very fond of a spaniel which he carried in hi 3 bosom ? Ergo, that men may be beloved by woman and fondle spaniels, and be very bad men. ROBESPIERRE and COLFTHON were beheaded by the con servatives of their day. Therefore, we, good and true men—some of us, it ig hoped, be loved by women, and others by spaniels should go and do likewise, and strike at these horrible radicals. See what they have done. Look at our- beautiful country, all bleeding and torn;' and who is to blame? The Abolitionists, to be sure. We are not informed of any Abolitionists being in the party that assailed Fort Sumpter. We do not think that any of them have been in the armed bands of LEE, and PE3IBERTON, and - BRAGG, now causing us so much trouble. We have not learned that an Abolitionist has been known to take part in any of the riots in New York and "elsewhere; but of ,course this is merely the evidence of pre sumption, and does not affect the case. They have been in the habit of making speeches. That is, in the first place, an un pardonable crime. They have said severe things against our dearly-beloved breth ren of the South. That is a crime still more unpardonable. They have ideas about freedom that are positively dreadful. That is enough. Let them be hanged. What right have men to print, and speak, and perform such incendiary deeds ? Per haps it is because we live in- a free country. What a great mistake; and if we look at it calmly, the greatest mistake of all. As the. Ethiopian minstrels say, "that's what's the matter." It may be free to a few people, . but to such men as these horrible Abolition ists there should be nothing free but a rope and a coffin. We hear it said that these Abolitionists have been known to enter the army, and fight to sustain the conscription, pay their taxes, and oppose the rebellion ; but of course no reasonable men will listen to any such suggestions. We are all con vinced that- the only way:to save the coun try is to hang the Abolitionists, and we now proclaim it to be the duty of all true men to set about - the work with as little delay as possible. A Moral. The energy and ingenuity expended for evil might, in the cause of good, accomplish wonders of benefit Intrinsically,- the re ward offered, for ill-doing is unattractive compared to the compensations of true honor ; but with what perverse industry the ti uth is slandered or suppressed, and false hood, for falsehood's own poor sake, is argued and flattered into power, is a moral, though not a practical, surprise. The ex amples of political depravity are many and rank. How much of mrstitude and alory might be gained by those who fight to uphold wrong did they strive with equal earnestness for the "right;`how much, too, might be added to the battle and victory, were some - of the friends of tLe nation as active as its foes! The good cause is sometimes jAdOlent in its prestige—the evil always restless in the constant motive to'do evil. The moral distinction teaches us that as the bad grows worse to accomplish its ends, the good should become better to meet it, that as evil seizes its weapons from below, the good should receive its panoply from above. Evil, which would lay hand upon the root of good, must in turn be attacked at the root : radical good must meet radical evil in a question of revolution. These are plain moral truths applied to the present issue. In a word, North and South represent the two principles of good and evil ; freedom opposed to slavery, or what is' n all respects the same, Union op posed to disunion. The North should not be slower to accept the entire principle of freedom than the South is resolute to defend slavery. Freedom has become the test of the war. It is now more than an ally of Union. It means Union itself. Result of-Misstatements. The London Times would do well to clip into some History of England ,under the subject " Riots," in the Index, and make a note of it, when found, as recommended by Captain CUTTLE. TheNo-Popery Riots of 1780, or the Bristol Reform Riot of 1831, or the Welsh Rebecca Riots of 1843, was as much (and no more) " an insurrection " against the British Government than the re cent New York riot was an insurrection against the Government of the United States. Tile boasted influence of the Ti 71263 will soon be ended if, in the face of recorded facts, its conductors thus wilfully say what is untrue. The fact that it is declining is shown by the, panic in the Confederate bonds, which fol lowed the receipt, in London, of our many and recent successes. A fall of 18 to 20 per cent. is a fall indeed—and the reported rail& THE PR ESS.-I"HII,ADELPIIIA, FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 1863. of rebel stock to a discount of only 18 per cent. must have been effected at a•fearful cost and a frightful sacrifice. The objeet was, of course, to create a favorable impres sion here. In Europe, the rebel loan was looked upon, from the first, as a monetary swindle, and those who subscribed to it, as folks buy lottery tickets, must have burned their fingers very much. They may thank the Times' misinformation for the result.. LETTER FROM "OCCASIONAL" There are many who believe that; the war for the American Union will ultimately ex tend to the whole civilized world, and that Providence, for His own wise purposes, has decreed that with the death of slavery here, freedom shall be given' to all the tribes of men. And certainly it - would seem as if at least two of the great na tions were not indisposed to contribute their share to the fulfilmena of this be lief. I allude, of course, to England and France. What a curiMis study their rela tions to each other since the election of Louis Napoleon, and what a still more curi ous study .their 'conduct in 'regard to the United States since the beginning * of the rebellion ! Mr. Kinglake, in his bittrraand able book on " the Invasion of the Cri mea," clearly proves that the French Em peror used , and abused the prejudices and the ..confidences of the English Masses and ministers, in every stage of that eventful alliance. Whatever the judg ment of posterity may be as to France, there can be little doubt about its ver dict as to Fagland. 137 hccident or de sign, the English have borne most of the burdens growing out of the international questions involved in - the American war. France has remained steadily in the back-. ground (as before and during the Crimean war), making England seem to lead, while in fact it was France who dictated and England who obeyed. Taking .advan tose of - England's demand and hun ger for cotton, and the stoppage of her manufactories in consequence of the failure of the cotton supply, England was put-for ward by France as the open champion of the South. When a proposition to intervene in American affairs was to- be made, or to recognize the slave Confederacy, France, as in the case of the war with Russia, waited for England to echo her wishes, content to follow what England might elect to do I The ships built for the rebels are not built in France, but in England. The degradation of statesmen at the foot stool of slavery takes place, not in the French, but in the English Parliament. It is not the French, but the English press, that insults Christianity and civilization, by_ hiding the sins and applauding the bravely of the slave conspirators in America. And why this retiracy and reticence on the part of the Emperor? There are two reasons. May these not con sist in his design to humiliate the most boastful of all the Christian - nations by making it the apologist of slavery, and in his anxiety to divide and demoralize the British people, so that at last he may pay them, back the compliment they paid to his uncle after the battle of Waterloo? Meanwhile, it will be seen that France, aided by this English alliance, gathers all the substantial though dangerous fruits of diplomacy and foreign war. The monstrous outrage upon Mexico by France cannot be objected to or repudiated by England. She must be silent under that colossal wrong, because she has consented, to it. The 'suppression of free speech ar a free pressin France, and the banishment of the purest French patriots, are received with satisfaction by English statesmen. If we may credit the great Edinburgh Quarterly, one of the causes of this utter submission to French rule is the utter defencelessness of the British dominion. Heretofere, inti mates the same authority, the British Channel has been the defence of the. British Empire. But now France com mands the British Channel. It is possible that Mr. Kinglake's next volume may be forced to show his country's inferiority and surrender to French power in a yet stronger light. Where such a review will leave moral, religious, Protestant, anti-slavery England, an abler commentator--than Mr. King lake may not tell. France, which has made no such claims to purity and piety; which has been a Government of ex pedients more than ideas, and which has not sought to educate mankind in Law, Literature, and the Chriapia—France., will have a different destiny to meet. The great trouble of the Emperor of the French is not, as in England, the deep and damning sen.- tepee of scorn of other nations, but the irre sistible spirit of revolution in his own domi nions—a spirit that may be propitiated by his temporary conquest of Mexico, but will undoubtedly be aroused when he seeks to break liberty down in the great American Republic. It is, indeed, hard to say which of the two Powers takes the greater risk in adding interference in the American troubles to its own great Continental and European engagements and complications. But there can be no doubt that the most respectable of the twain has behaved the most disrepu tably. The very last chapter, exposed in the manly letter of Mr. Secretary of the Navy Welles; denying the libellous charge that the Federal Government were anxious to procure or purchase vessels of British manufacture for war purposes, in re ply -to a charge by a notorious rebel agent, Laird, a member of the British Commons, shows - how "low down" a great Power like England is ready to go to gratify the double feelings of hatred and cupidity. Even Lord Palmerston was not proof against his an cient animosity, but re-echoed the paltry falsehood and still more paltry subterfuge of the knave who first attempted to place the American Union on a par with the rebellion, and then to fabricate an injurious and shame less misstatement. My own opinion is, made up from a frank view of the recent past, the instructive present, and the thick-com ing future, that France and Etagland are, not ready to commit their dynasties to the doubtful process .of a War with the United States. They have more than one fire in their rear. now. England cannot at once unlearn or sink into oblivion all her own record of devotion to personal rights and individual freedom, and an elected 11)5e Louis Napoleon, cannot strike down liberty in iiteXida ca nonize-slavery in the 'United States, and ex, pest to hold 'his throne. But, whatever the two great Powers may do, God will adjust the grand sequel, and I believe it will be adjusted in our favor. We cannot reasona bly expect this, however, if we are not uni ted at home! We should be the most de based and degraded of God's children if we are not. France, in her greatest Revolu tion against Despotism at the close of the last century, though surrounded by hostile and powerful• monarchies, defied them and for a long time defeated them by the_ impe tuosity of her unity and the grandeur of her sacrifices. Shall we, isolated and independ, ent, in the new world, fail .to profit by and impiove the Great Lesson ? From T. B. Peterson & Brothers, Godey's Lady's Book for August. Peterson's Ladies' International Magazine. Shoulder Straps. A Novel of New York and the Army, 1962; by Henry Morford. This - is an original war•tale, closing at Antietam, written with spirit, by a popular writer who (has here surpassed all his previous achievements. It contains 472 pages r2mo., and is got up, with unusual taste and elegance. We shall review it on our first open day. It is pub lished by IVlessrs. Peterson. THE RIOT THlA.LB.—Recorder Hoffman, of the Court of General Sestions, New York city, is busily engaged with the trials of rioters. Several have already been convicted of highway robbery—rob bery in the first degree—and sentenced to imprison ments of ten and fifteen years. THE HARVEST IN Itrariors.—The heavier part of the harvest Is over. Perhaps there has never been a harvest which has more entirely employed the labor of our State than the present. The far mers have not only been engaged, but it has been a matter of real solicitude as to whether the crop could be gathered with the lessened amount of la bor. The weather has been favorable, and the re sult will prove that this harvest has been as well cared for and Secured as any that have preceded it. REAL ESTATE AND STOCKS, TUESDAY NEXT.— See Thomas' & Sons' advertleemeatii. Pamphlet ca talogues tomorrow. WASHINGTON, August 0, 1803 OCCASIONAL Publications Received. THE WAR IN THE SOUTHWEST. The Guerilla Meattem Retreating from near litemphie—Johnston at Enterprise, Rise.— Condition of hie Army—The Rebel Con eerlpt len — Despondence. Maarrrtra, August 6.—The steamer Hope arrived here , o-day, bringing a number of prisoners from Port Hudson, Vicksburg. and Jackson. Everything was quiet on the river below. Colonel Hatch reports that Forrest, Mlles, and Wilson are retreating. Their force is entirely broken up, and the men desertihg in every direct tion. • Batch has divided his force, and is scouring the country and picking up all the small squads of the rebel army he can find. A. scout who left aleridlan on Saturday, and Okalona on Sunday, reports that Johnston's army was at Enterprise, Miss , and Bran don, under the direct command of General Hardee. Most of the force at the former place was ready to move at any moment. Oars were standing ready to transport them. General Johnston went to Mobile on the 27th. The scout who brings this report be lieves that the rebels will remain where they are unless Mobile Is attacked, and says Johnston has but ten thousand men, his force having been greatly reduced since the fall of Vicksburg, and the balnnee terribly demoralized. They are poorly fed, and both the officers and men are greatly disheartened. Rebels in official circles acknowledge that Mortis Island will be taken by our army at Charleston, A great many secret societies have been organized with the intention of bringing the State back into the Union, and both citizens and soldiers are being arrested for being connected with the plot. Ruggles was at Oolumbue, Mississippi; Ohalmer at West Point, and Lippah on the Mobile and Ohio. Railroad. The late conscription act of the rebel Government, it was believed, would not avail much in the South west. The Mehlle News, of the 30th, has a leader cen suring the despondents and croakers. It tells MU- ZeDEI to avoid them as they would a pestilence. It states that Grant's army has mostly gone to Virginia, where the great final struggle is to take biaCP- Ilr.d calls upon the citizens Alabama, ttlibalaalppi, and greorgia to join 'II roam and Johnston, and all will be "We have arrived at a point," it says, " when this Con federacy should throw everything into the armies, anti turn the tide of this fatal campaign. Lincoln can put no more men into the field, and if we only check the Yankee, now, he is used up, and the revo lution is at an encl.' , The article closes up bitterly . with the following : " We have to choose the whip of the slave, or the whip of the master. Which chose yet" Pierre Sould has lately arrived South, from Eu rope. He Bays he is not sanguine of mediation on the part of the Emperor of France. STITES IN REBELLION. The - Rebel Army in Virginia—ball of Gen. Lee for Troops—The Rebel Defeat at Ma nassas Gap. Inciurrirs, August 6.—An order, numbered 36, has bevn iss'ued by General Lee, calling on all the soldiers of the Army of Virginia to return, and making a strong appeal to the patriotism of the people to send forth every man able to bear arms to aid the soldiers, who have so often beaten back their foes, in striking a decisive blow for the safety of their homes and the independence of the country. A telegram from Richmond, dated the 28th, says : "In the fight at Manassas Gap, we lost 2,30 D killed and wounded, when we retired, overpowered by superior numbers.o The Sofithern Press on the Surrender of - Vicksburg Severe -Condemnation of Pemberton. MEMPHIS, August 6 —The Mobile News of the 31st ult., in an editorial, says : " Pemberton's conduct in allowing his men to be paroled at Vicksburg is being investigated, and hopes are entertained that ,his head will be cut off; for be could not have struck a heavier blow at the Confederacy. " Pemberton's army is dispersed, and the Texas and Alabama troops have crossed. The Mississippi river is ]ost beyond recall. The whole mass of them precipitated upon Johnston's camp, to eat his stores and discourage and decimate his ranks. And now they are ordered to report to the same officers, as fast as exchanged, which they will not do, as they hate them. We put it upon the record, that if Pem berton is assigned-4o the command of that army again, it will be equivalent to its annihilation. Not a titte of it will ever be gathered again together. "It is stated that Johnston has returned tO,Miesis sippi again after a thorough examination of the de fences and resources of Mobile. We would like to speak out about some thingsi which have been dis covered by him, but cannot. He examined the strong works and made a map of them. It will take time to strengthen so long a line and such extensive works. They must be commenced immediately." All the late papers denounce the spirit of the peo ple for crying for peace and a return to the Union, and appeal to them to stand by the Confederacy. They also contain occasional bitter articles on the mismanagement of the war. A Capture by MoUeby , s Cavalry. WASHINGTON ! August 6, 1863 Eight sutlers' wagons, while returning from the front, were captured today by• MOSIER:I' and his gang, this side of Fairfax Court house. ebel Reports from East Tennessee. MEMPHIS, August 6.—The Mobile News of the 30th ult. says : " Parties who have arrived from East Tennessee represent the condition of the people there as terrible. They have nothing to eat, and their sufferings in all other respects , are equally se vere." The Observance or the Day.- Boa Tux, August C.—All places. of business were closed today, and the National Thanksgiving was appropriately observed in this city. CINCINNATI, August - 6.—The day was generally observed here, by a general suspension of business. The churches were all fully attended. SAN FRANCISCO, August 6.—To-morrow the churches will be open for thanksgiving sermons. There will be national salutes fired and a general ringing of bells, morning, noon, and night. In the evening a mass meeting will be held at Union Hall, and there will be a general illumination of the city. Maine Demoeratie State Convention. PORTLAND, August 6.—The Democratic State Convention met to-day. Nine hundred delegates were present. Resolutions were adopted inviting all men who are in favor of the termination of the calamities which now depress this unhappy land, to unite with the party ; declaring that the Union can not be preserved without concession; denouncing the Administration, whose:course has been destruc tive to the Union and the Government; asserting that the war cannot be carried on for the abolition of slavery ; that if the rebel States should show a disposition to return, they would be welcomed with all their dignity, equality, and rights, unimpaired ; denouncing the system of arbitrary arrests ; stigma tizing the conscription as unjust and oppressive, but counselling obedience to it until its constitu tionality is tested, &a. Bion Bradbury, of Eastport, was renominated for Governor with great unanimity. Wisconsin Politics. MILWAUKEE, August 6.—The Democratic State Convention met in this city to-day, and nominated H. L. Palmer, of Milwaukee, as the candidate for Governor. The Teachers' National Convention. CHICAGO, August 6-The Teachers' National Convention met in this city to-day. The attendance from the different parts of .the country was large, 1,500 teachers being present ; three•fotuths of 'whom are females, including a large number from New England. The present occasion promises to be one of much interest to the friends of education, 'Visit of Western Merchants to the East. PORTLAND, Me., August 6.The Boards of Trade of Detroit, Milwaukee, and Chicago, arrived in this city tonight. They will be well entertained. Arrival of the City of Cork. NEW yonx, August 6.—The steamer City of Cork arrived at this port to.day. Her advices haveteen anticipated. The City or Cork has 163 passengers. She makes the following report On Friday, July 24, at 4 P. M., off Ormshead, passed the steamship City of Baltimore, bound in; at 9 P. M. on the same day, twenty miles west of Holyhead, passed the steamship Kersey. bound 26th at dho P. At., halleE; *eat df Old Dead Iflngsdale, passed the royal mail steamship China, and the American ship Neptune, bound up the channel ; 2d of August, in Ist. 43 40, long. 67, sig nalized the American ship Volunteer, bound west; 6th. off Fire Island, passed the steamship Olympus, bound east. • Arrival of the Steamer Louisialia. New Yonx, August 6.—The steamer Louisiana, from Liverpool on the 22d ult., arrived here to-night. Her advices have been anticipated. An. Interesting Presentation. A beautiful flag, designed by Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, was lately presented to the let Colored Regi ment of North Carolina, Gen. Wild's brigade. The flag was presented to Col. Jas. C. Beecher, brother of Rev. Renry Ward Beecher, commanding the regi ment, who consigned it to the standard-bearer of the regiment with the acconspanying remarks : SOLDIICRS OF THE FIRST NORTH CAROLINA. COLORED REGIMENT : The flag I have received in your behalf I bring to you. It is well worth re ceiving and protecting. You can protect, and I know the future will prove that you will protect it. It devolves upon me to interpret for you the signs upon it. On the first front the figure represented is the Goddess of Liberty. Perhaps you don't know who the Goddess of Liberty is 7 I will explain : When the arcient Greeks and Romans wished to symbolize anything beautiful, good, and chaste, they put it in the form of a woman ; And inas flinch as Liberty is the embodiment of all virtues, we make it a woman, and we will stand by it in this latter day, - -You perceive as the Goddess stands erect, strong, virtuous, courageous, un derneath her feet- there squirms a serpent. In these days, when men are battling for God, liberty and country, at home a species of reptile called 'Copperheads'—thank God, there are few of them —are dragging their length along, poisonous and deadly, not having honesty enough to go where they belong, hut who stay at home, and, with traitorous fang, strike at us in the field, and at the Govern ment which protests them. Therefore, the serpent represents the Copperhesd'—mean, secretive, poi sonous; with Liberty, beautiful , and courageous; putting her foot upon it, trampling it down—the de struction of treason. Turning the inverse side of the flag.to the regiment, the colonel continued : "In all these years of war and death, of dara clouds, lighting, occasionally, at last there comes sunshine—a glorious sunshine, gilding the clouds, and over the top of it appears the magic word Liberty. Thank God, now the . word has meaning. Two hundred thousand men like unto you rally now to the cry. This is the flag we fight under—fight forliberty, not for one. but for all, as God has made them. We bear it hence forth cur rallying point. This flag will show us where to rally. Let it be sacred, and its influence Will grow stronger day by day. I deliver it to you as the most sacred trust that has ever passed through my hands since I was horn. I will devote myself to it, and you, I believe, will follow it with a single heart and a strong mind." The chaplain, Rev.- John N. Mars (colored), then read a hymn of his own composition, and concluded the services by prayer and the benedietion. I give the concluding stanza of the hymn - - • - '`.,411 men are equal in 0 od's eight, The boud. the flee, the black, the white; Pe made them alt, then freedom glee; tie made then/an—wan made the erne." ARMS OF THE POTOMAC, (Special Correspondence or The Prete. ] ' HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF TEE POTOMAC, Bow delightful it would be for army correspond ents if they lived in the days of lamp I Then the smallest bird that flitted restlessly through grass and tree could impart the "tallest kind of news," and offer counsel to the innocent inquirer, in tones as sweet as those with which it bade farewell to the sinking sun, the shifting clouds, the earth with all its vernal bloom. Even the gaudy butterfly, as she flew lazily past and contemplated the variegated color of her wings, with pardonable vanity, could faintly whisper a solemn warning to the frivolous, the vain, the proud, ere the cold chilly winds of Novembernumbed hergolden bosora. Then,though far from books and newspapers, however remotely wandering in solitude and silence, I could gain "re-' liable information" without inquiring of the "in-' telligent contraband," could listen to many "ad monitions meet" without reading the general order in regard to sutlers. I would never have to ask a private coming out of battle to what regiment he belonged, .neither would I be deceived when told how it was "all cut to nieces." No more would I call on a corps commander, my visits _ to the medical inspector's tent- would suddenly cease to he made, at headquarters the inquisitive correspondent for The Press would no mor' e . be remenkbered. The way things are dow, I cannot say life is eked out very- delightfully in this portion of Virginia, without sacrificing a small portion of the name I have earned for veracity. There are several places I could mention that. would be preferred by the whole army, hut that would he contraband. Our steady, quiet Philadelphians read the journals every morning, and have no more ideaof thecost and labor if required -to place- the paper there than has old Menippus of the price for an excursion ticket to the moon. The respectable men who hunt alter disre putable does in the streets of your city, to slay them, have a much pleasanter calling than a correspondent in dog-days. When they approach a Moodie ut ant inal to entrap him, no one mistakes the profession of the " catcher ;" his feelings are never wounded by being called a butcher. In Virginia, when the Irian who records the brave achievements of the sol diers nears their camp he is mistaken for a'pedler, and insulted by the familiar request of " Come, old fellow, show us what you have got to sell." This cause, in conjunction with the intense heat, has made men of our ilk despair of honorable distinc tion. Son?e have laid down the portfolio in disgust, others fled to their homes in dismay, till but a few disconsolate ones remain, "in summer all blooming alone," fully determined that the reading public shall still have something charming, startling, or truthful, served up each morning with their rolls. The reconnoissance in force made by General Bu ford's division, on Saturday, was very successful. Indeed, General Buford never fails, to do what he attempts. The object of the expedition was to push the reconnoitring party as near to Culpeper as praa ticable, and discover what was the enemy's force in that locality, then to encamp on the other aide of the Rappahannock, and protect our party who are engaged in erecting a bridge. The whole division crossed at Rappahannock .station under protection of our batteries, which were stationed on the heights this side the Rappa hannock. They passed over without molestation; but as soon as they had reached the first line of tim ber, a short distance from the river, and were formed in line of battle, the enemy opened on us with seven teen pieces of artillery, which were served with ad mirable skill, Major Bonham comaiandlfig. Al though the enemy occupied a very advantageOus position, and threw their shell and shot with preci- Biol 3, the- fire did us little damage, the range being too long. .Our men began to advance rapidly and steadily along the road to Culpeper, the regular brigade, under command of Gen. Merrit t occupying the position on the extreme right; second brigade, Col. Devin, the centre; third brigade on the left. With that resistless impetuosity which has been the chief cause of their success, they charged fearlessly on, utterly regard. less of the falling shells, only eager for an opportu• nity to use their sabre. They were not long withou opportunity. The whole distance to Culpeper was stubbornly contested by the rebels, who fought even with unusual desperation. Medical Director Mc . Gill assures me that most of the wounds were from canister and Sabre, showing how close the foes were to each other. When we had almost reached Culpeper, a very large body of the enemy charged our skirmishers, and thought to capture them all. But they under rated the men who confronted them at that time, with barred and blackened visages. Not a cloud obscured the dazzling sun, not a cover or a shelter was near, to protect from sunstroke these 'struggling men. But they stood firmly, without a quailing eye or a faltering heart among them. The flies and mos quitoes gathered on their faces, they felt them not; on hand was raised to wipe the perspiration! from the blistering brows—but quiet, fixed, immovably, they at in their saddles and await the coming shock. It comes soon, and fierce and terrible. Dense clouds of smoke festoon the field—the suspense. it is fear ful—but soon the rebels are seen emerging from, amid the dense white wreaths, and with diminished numbers they run frantically away. This was one of the most gallant cavalry feats of the war, and the coolness with which these skirmishers resisted this terrible onslaught, the Courage and /Strength with which they repulsed it, stamps every man a hero, and sheds an unfading lustre on theist Division and their brave, indomitable commander, Gen. Buford. It was but a brief period after this that the enemy exchanged their cavalry for infantry. All this time we had been fighting the entirerebel cavalry force, with the single exception of Sone& brigade, Gen. Stuart commanding in person. Our skirmishers were now within a mile of Culpeper; the town was plainly visible. But Gen. Buford had-some objection to fighting the whole rebel army, which now had every appearance of being arrayed against him. The in fantry, with their long Enfield rifles, were too nume rous for the little cavalry band, with short carbines. Having successfully accomplished their mission, they slowly retired, fighting most of the way back to Brandy Station. Regular officers, who had been all through the campaign on the Peninsulbt say they never saw troops face such heavy artillery pod musketry firing before. The advance hospitalin the regular brigade, in charge of Assistant Surgeons Porter and Williams, was in one of those fine old houses where we imagine is every comfort, and of which there were so many is Virginia. No leas than forty shells and round shot struck here in leas than ten minutes' time. In the cavalry encounter, 293 were either killed, Founded, or missing. The surgeons assure me the majority of those missing were wounded, and had to be abandoned. All the troops in the fight were old veterans, and very few of them were captured with out being severely wounded. 6th Pennsylvania, (Rush's Lancers,) 2 killed, 14 wounded, 31 missing. Captains Treichel and Lei per, slightly wounded, the latter in the thigh. 2d United StatealCavalry-5 killed, 13 wounded, 32 missing. 6th 'United States Cavalry-1 killed, 8 wound, 18 missing: let United States Cavalry; from 5 to 10 killed (not known precisely); 22 wounded, and 66 missing. Bth Illinois-2 killed, and 2 wounded. Bth New York-2 killed, 2 wounded, 11 missing. 3d Indiana-1 killed, 12 wounded. 9th New York-6 killed, 18 wounded (of whom six were officers), 10 missing. 6th New York-1 officer wounded ; 8 missing. 17th Pennsylvania-3 wounded. 3d Virginia-1 wounded. Battery 111, 2d United States Artillery-2 men severely wounded. Many of those wounded had frightful sabre cute, showing how close and desperate the conflict must have been, that warm Saturday. Had infantry been engaged so long, and at such close range, both par. ties would have destroyed each other. I think this one of the niost murderous cavalry fights of the war, second only to that of Beverly Ford. The enemy suffered very severely, for our cavalry swing their sabres with delightful freedom. 'We captured over fifty prisoners, all of whom would rather not.fight "quite so much" with our cavalry. Alter such unusual rough handling, the Army of the Potomac rests well. We now hold the country from .Waterloo to Falmouth, to both of which places I believe we have extended our pickets. At Rappa hannock Station, a fine pontoon stretches across the river, and the railroad bridge will soon be finished. Our troops are many of them on the other side of the river, and vedettes roam even farther than Brandy Station. Longstreent corps occupy Culpe per and vicinity. General Meade looks unusually well—his eyes as clear and restless as a hawks; the same; aquiline nose gives to his face its old eagle like appearance; and any one who could witness one of his quick evo lutions on the right heel would know at once that General Meade was "not slow." The army repose confidence in their general; they know' instantly Qhe kind Of an officer commands them.' With Gen. Meade they nave had plenty of marching, but very little countermarching. - A few months agO the soldiers in the Army of the Potemac would have raised a shout of derision on the appearance in their midst of a squad of con scripts. Now they are very anxious to have them come, and fill their decimated ranks. Some regi ments scarcely number a company ; and the men findiheir turn to go on guard comes very frequently. This is one reason for wishing " they would hurry on the drafted men." This portion of the country is infested with gue rillas, to the great annoyance of the sutlers, who think how thirty of their fellow-tradesmen, with their teams, were honored by being made prisoners of war by the marauding villain Moseby. However, they were recaptured just in time. Officers and small squads of men are frequently missing, and it is very unsafe for a single (or married) man to be seen riding a good horse. Every one here is a wor shipper of the Davis dynasty and the sworn enemy of all Yankees. So that when I go wandering about alone, it is in constant expectation of being found by some vigorous Virginian, who will draft my home, or exempt him by proving that he is unfit for riding, or by paying three hundred dollars. I hope I will not find my fears true, like the 'spinster who, after looking under her bed every night for twenty years to see some one, !abated when at last she saw a pair of boots there. • B. CHARLESTON, Another Sortie Renalßoil—Reinforcement.; Arriving. FORTKESS Diforrnot:, August 4.-By the arrival of the steamer Adelaide, Captain Tames Cannon, we have Charleston dates to the 2d instant. The Adelaide left Folly Island on Sunday at'half past 9 A. M., and at that time the shore and water batteries 'were firing quite lively on Fort Wagner. Batteries Gregg and Jamie Island were firing at our forces. On Saturday morning at il o'clock a column of rebel infantry made a sortie on one of the batte•. ries in course of erestion, but was handsomely re pulsed with considerable loss. Our troops are in the best of spirits, and quite sanguine of success. The greatest harmony exists between the army and navy, and Admiral Dahlgren nobly seeonds every plan of General Gilmore. Heavy reinforcements are pouring in to General Gilmore, and the reduc. ton of Forts Wagner and Sumpter is now merely a matter of time. On Saturday the gunboat Ottawa was the only vessel engaged in shelling the batteries, but on Sunday , the fleet participated. • . THE C'OLORRE PRISONERS The correspondent of the Charleston, South Caro lina Courier, in speaking of the prisoners from,' the 64th Massachusetts Volunteers, colored, says the prisoners believe they are to be hung, and gave a reason for fighting as well as they did, that they would father die of bullet than rope. It is a nice question whether they are to be recognized as bel ligerents or outlaws, and the indignation of our troops is not concealed at the thought that a white man may by virtue of these captures be one day ex changed fora negro. The suggestion I have heard on the subject is that we may be compelled to re spect tree blacks as recognized citizens of-the North taken in arms; but that when a runaway slave is recaptured he should be turned over to hie master, and by him to the civil authorities, to be disposed of according to law. August 3, U 363 REBEL ACCOUNTS FROM CHARLESTON.; Mawr Erre, August 6 —The Mobile Newt says "The bombardmpat of Charleston was more spirited on the 29th. The. Federals erected their new batte ries within six hundred yards of Fort Wagner. Our new batterit son,James Island caused them mush annoyance. Two- thousand more Federate have been lauded at. Folly Island. The Yankees have captured three blockade-runners." ARMY OF IRE CUMBERLAND, Colored Laborers and Commbislons Lu Colored Organization& The following order, in regard to colored laborers and commissions in colored organizations, has been issued by General Rosecrans HEADQUARTERS DZPARTMENT CUMBERLAND, WINUH SST (Penn.), July 23, 1883. GUSIURAL Oftrume, ' li2.—Po avoid miaappre her:Mons and correct certain evils-now existing, in regard to colmed persons coming within the lines of ibis army, it is hereby ordered: First. That ail officers commanding troops in the field will conscript and employ such able-bodied ne groes as are allowed by law for teamsters, cooks, laundresses, quartermasters' laborers, and servants to officers who, by law, ate permitted to employ sol diers, taking the servants of loyal people only in case of necessity, and always leaving such as may be absolutely requisite for the care of the families. Every cook or teamster shall be properly enrolled and mustered into service according to law without delay. Every other employee or servant must be enrolled by the quartermaster of the command in Which he is employed. r/A!..lers entil..;:t to have a soldier for a servant will be permitted to employ eervantl from such en rolled persons, for whom they will furnish requsi-, lions appi oved by the superior officer of the com mand. the quartermaster will thereupon enter the name of the officer on the rolls opposite the name of the servant, and will give the servant a certificate of his assignment, giving the name of his officer, which certificate the servant must be-ilirected to preserve and have renewed if worn out or lost. No changes of servants will be permitted without notifying the quartermaster, that he may issue cer tfficates and note the change on his rolls. , The officers having such servants will drop the charge for servants from his pay, accounts as in ease of having soldiers for servants, and the servants will be . paid by the quartermaster ' as' Other elm , ployees. For all negroes employed, in pursuance d this order, the officer conscripting or employing t. oli application, furnish the owner or claimant a descriptive roll certifying that the person described is employed in the service of the United States, and in what manner. Duplicate descriptive rolls of all negroes in camps, and at the posts in this depart ment, will be made without delai: Second. To prevent vagrancy, demoralization, im moralities, and expense to the Government, all offi cers are forbidden to admit within their lines and harbor runaway , negroee, unleis their services are needed, or in eases where hurnaoity..demands it. In these cases, lists of the persons admitted and the reasons for their admittance will be forwarded to the Provost Marshal General of the department, without delay. Third. To insure, protection and prompt payment to colored persons employed in the engineer depart ment, or as laborers, they will be organized and mustered into service by detaehments or compel:ries as infantry, and then assigned to duty. Applicants for commissions in these organizations will be ex amined, and if qualified, appointed and cornMisStOa ed pursuant to instructions from the War-Depart ment. Fourth,. In the absence of civil law commandere of troops will exert their authority to prevent Injustice and disorders, whether coining from masters or their servanta, requiring each to perforni their legal duties, wherever intervention is practicable, and demanded by justice and humanity. By command of Major General ROSEGRANS. TR& ARMY IN ALABAMA. A correspondent with the advance of Gen. Rose craps' army writes to the Cincinnati Journal as fol lows "The country we have passed through is beautiful; the crops never looked finer or promised better. I speak more particularly of corn, which seems the principal grain planted, although a considerable' portion of each plantation has grown wheat, which is all harvested but not yet threshed, and not se emed to the purposes for which it was intend ed—the support of Southern armies. General 'Hooey' don't intend they shall have it. Eve -1.5 where we saw evidences of flying rebels both citizens and soldiers. The woods and moue• tains are full of deserters, mostly Tennesseans who have often declared they would not fight south of their own State. They would desert en mane if not enclosed with guards on all sides. Secesh uniforms are so plentifully sprinkled about that our troops hardly think it worth while to take their• wearers prisonere, especially if unarmed. Some citizens fly from us as from the plague—invariably thoee that are largely interested in negro property, which is spirited away South, hag, and baggage. We were welcomed by the 'old folks' and Matra ninnies right joyfully, and with th-inkfulness to Heaven that the Yanks in come agin.' One old fellow said to me, they kept it bask flora us a mighty long time that. Massa Lincoln was going to set us all free, but they couldn't keep it back always. We's found it out; but the colored folks is &l fools; they don't know nothin' ; they might be Ell free - ; they want to be, bad enough, but they's afraid.' As I write, about 150 likely, boys' are marched into camp in two ranks, and are set at fa tigue duty, cleaning camp, fee. " There is no evidence of the 'destitution and starvation at the South,' in this section, that corre spondents write about. Our army , has been mainly supplied from the country we have passed through. It we had not been,,,we could not have made half the advance." Of ccuree you do not overlook the lamentable probability that we (English) are already in new war, not only in New Zealand; but, what is of far greater moment, with Japan. It seems to be believed that Palmerston, if allowed by his col leagues, will go great lengths toward pledging ue to a new Russian war, if necessary, in favor of Poland; (for which I am bound to give him ci edit ;) that on all grounds we are immensely preoccupied. Our mistaken policy, of forcing a commerce with Japan, has made war apparently inevitable. Every existing Government refuses to account its own errors and violence!' any ex= cuse or palliation for violencea of a lawless kind, such as we have been enduring. 14Sy only human comfort, in the prospect of the horrors of a new Japanese war, is to observe the change which has come over our policy toward China. At first sight fit seemed as if we only wished to knock the empire to pieces by supporting each side alter nately. But there is a great tone of sincerity in the explanation of our policy made by Mr. Layard, (Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and spokes man in the Commons,) that previously, having no ambassador in Pekin, we never believed the Empe ror to have- cognizance of our claims or understand ing of our motives. We have (latvlessly enough!) foughtc our way to the right of embassy in Pekin itself, and are now honestly doing our best to sup port the Emperor, and even to teach him the art of war. I was amused with Lord Palmerston, who (for .getting how recently he talked as though neu trality between you and your rebels was his ob vious duty not to be questioned), rallied the con servatives by asking "how long they had become converts to the sacred right of rebellion?" and "whether any of them could fora moment dis approve of his helping a friendly Power-(the Ohi nese Emperor) to put down a domestic rebellion?" Ihave been cried down as saying what is perfectly extravagant, in maintaining that it was from the first our clear duty to help you against your wicked rebels.,—Cor. Boston Transcript. Gen. Burnside's Thanks to the Militia of HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OP THE OHM, 31st 1863. Hon. David Tod, Governor of Ohio: SIR: I desire to express through you to the militia of Ohio, my thanks for the promptitude with which they responded to your call, upon the recent rebel invasion of this State. The necessary military movements elsewhere had removed most of the Federal troops, and we were forced to look to the militia to obstruct the march of the enemy, to harass his column, and to assist in his capture. To do this efficiently; the only means in your power was to= call• out the State forces in the localities threatened, and the diffi.cul• ties incident to an entirely new organization of the State militia made it doubtful how far we could cal culate upon a response. The result has been most honorable to the State and its officers, and the proof given that the loyal men of Ohio can at all times be relied upon to make a self-imposed levy en masse to oppose an invader, gives fresh cause of encouragement to us, and of discouragement to the rebels. - The consciousness of ability to protect their homes, and the perceived advantages of organiza tion, and of some degree of discipline, will produce good fruit, and I cannot suffer the occasion to pass without congratulating you and the people of Ohio upon the result. - Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. E. BURNSIDE, Major General Commanding Department ADVICE TO A COPPERHEAD.—The Committee of the Washington Union Club of Memphis, Tenn., have replied to the declination of Hon. Emerson Etheridge to address the people of that city, and the letter has been published, and is very severe on Ethei idge, whose letter was not, by any means, polite or gentlemanly. The committee close as follows : As you have been exceedingly generous in the besiod‘.! of your advice, we will make no apology for offering a of OUrs 1. If you have been indulging too freely in the use of " tanglefoot," desist, and join a temperance society. 2. Quit the Copperheads. 3. If you can't be a better Union man than John Minor Botts, try to be as good, and keep still. 4. Cease insulting the Kmerican wo men. 6. Try by every means to regain the little respecta bility you have had and lost. ' 6. Offer yourself as a substitute for some negro soldier over forty. five years of age; or, 7. Apologize to the President, and as Cooper is legally incompetent to hold the office of assessor in this district, you will stand a fair chance of being appointed. 8. Take moderate doses, of vermifuge and a cold bath three times a day. 5. Purchase and read a small book called " Eti quette for American Gentlemen,” especially that chapter directing how to reply to polite invitations. 10. If it is true that you are crazy, endeavor to get into a good lunatic asylum. By carefully digesting these brief, gentle, and friendly admonitions, and also the twentieth chapter of Exodus, together with General Butler's recent speeches, you may yet be able to rescue your name, not from contempt, but from infamy.. TIM KENTUCKY ELECTION.—We shall not say much about the elections of yesterday until we get fuller returns. But what we have already heard, and what we give this morning to our readers, shows that the loyal men of Kentucky, the friends of the country, the true champions of the Union and the C e onstitution, the supporters of the war for the put ting down of this horrid rebellion against the United States, against mankind, and against God, have achieved a victory even greater and more signal than they dared to expect. Their majorities at nearly all the points heard from are startling even to themselves. Many of our people know not, and probably they will never know, what dreadful evils they escaped yesterday by the crushing defeat of the disloyal can didates. We confess that we were deeply fearful of the result, for we knew what vast advantages our opponents in some respects had In the contest. If they had triumphed, the Genius of Kentucky might have shrieked woe ! woe! woe !!! But the danger is passed. Truth, and honor, and patriotism, are victorious. The clouds of treason are dispelled, and the pure, blue sky, thick and glorious with stars, is bending over us.'—Louisville Journal. Woor...—The history of the growth of wool is very curious. Fifty years ago not a pound of fine wool was raised in the United States, in Great Britain, or in any other country except Spain. In the latter country the flocks were owned exclusively by the nobility or by the crown. In 1794 a small flock wee sent to the Elector of Saxony, as a present from the King of Spain, whence the entire product of Saxony wool, now of such immense value. In 18D9, during the second invasion of Spain by the French, some of the valuable crown flocks were sold, to raise money. The American consul at Lisbon, Kr. Jarvis, pur chased fourteen hundred head, and sent them to this ,cbuntry. A portion of the pure, unmixed merino blood of these flocks is to be found in Vermont at this time. Such was the origin of the immense Rocha of fine-wooled sheep in the United States. England and Japan. NEW YORK CITY. [Correspondence of The Preen, Thew Yozur August it 186*. THE RIOTERS BROUGHT TO TRIAL—THE HATE AGAINST THE BEAMS. The trial of the Copperheads for murder, arson, - and robbery, coninienced yeaterday'morning, before Recorder Hoffman. The court-room was crowded; many colored people were present, and sundry depu tations from the "roughs," and those who fraternize with them. Recorder Hoffman has proved WOW( a film and unterrifiedjudge. It is no easy miter to deal with the elements with which his judicial du ties have brought him into contain; or to &Melaka' - ter rigid justice to men whose accomplices ate banded together for insurrection, and sworn to yield each other protection, coat what it may. Fortu nately, however, for the• public, the Recorder tea man of nerve, With, a full appreciation of.." The characters with whom he -has to deal ; and, as a consequence, the rabble can expect no ex tra clemency at his hands. Last evening, at the gre . g . .iliops of the Points, and other trysting spots of the conspirators, he was loudly denounced, and threats were made of personal violence in case he should persist in his course.; and doubtless these menaces would be carried into effect were the ruf fian' not aware that the citizens are prepared to execute summary vengeance upon any one who may attempt further to nullify the laws by an ap peal to the bludgeon and the knife. As it is, the ringleaders are under the continual eurveillanoe of the police, and at the first indication of renewed violence, which assumes the form of legal evidence, they will be dragged from their haunts and secured until justice can be executed upon them. The exas peration of our citizens is shared by the depart ment throughout, and the officers are exhibiting more than their usual determination and pertinacity in ferreting out those who already stand inculpated and obnoxious to the laws. At the very com mencement of the calendar it became evident that the rioters bad agreed upon a uniform course of action in the premises. In no case was the learned counsel ready to proceed Delay was asked on every conceivable ground which legal ingenuity could suggest. The object was ap parent. At the next sessions, the notorious McCann will sit, and the idea prevailed that any cases de layed beyond the term would be tried before his HottorL(the whereabouts of which has not yet bees discovered.) In such a contingency, the results could easily be guessed. The shameful expedient was'so apparent that the Recorder - administered a rebuke not very carefully cloaked, and the District Attorney gave notice that, in the event of any of the cities going over the term, he should make an application for their transfer to the Oyer and Ter miner. This proposition was evidently disrelishaele to the counsel for the rioters, and the cases were set down for early days. learotemit the trials Whitch have succeeded, the Recorder has shown a steady determination to visit the severest penalties upon those who were proven guilty, and to vindicate the cause of justice in a manner calculated to deter others from defying it. The proceedings are *musing no little excitement among all classes of our citi zens, and much anxiety is felt lest the action of the Recorder in punishing rather than patting the ruffians brought to the bar. may provoke a general jail-delivery of the "innocent men" by the Guber natorial clemency toward the little infirmities of the Governor's "friends " The claims for reimbursement by the sufferers during the riots are still flowing in. They embrace losses of various natures. Many were sufferers through highway robbery in the broad daylight, and include not only money, but even spectacles and finger-rings. From this fact, some faint idea of the state of the city, during " the popular tumult," may be gained. One man was garotted on the steps of the City Hall, and gagged, to prevent his outcries ; while in the upper districts, even carriages were stopped on the streets, and the occupants relieved of their valuables ; no one daring to interfere in their behalf. The insults and outrages daily perpetrated in our midst, upon heinoffensive blacks, are grow ing more systematic and intolerable. Filthy add brutal men and boys lavish the vilest predations upon them in the cars, omnibuses, and boats, sparing neither age nor sex ;And, when in the ratio of fifty to one, beat them unmercifully, if" a safe opportunity offers. Scarcely does one of these intolerable vagaboods pass a colored man without a scowl of hatred, and perhaps a threat, which would be followed by a blow, had he the requisite number of drunken comrades at his back. In view of these facts, one of the city railroad companies has refused to carry blacks upon its line—threats probably having been made to destroy their - stables in case this course was not adopted. This very day, I pass ed a poor, weary-looking colored boy, asleep upon one of the piers, upon whom one of a gang of 'longshoremen was looking with such a Malignant scowl upon his filthy, inhuman face, that I mechanically looked around -for assistance, expecting nothing less than an attack upon the lad. As many gentlemen were pass ing at the time, the dictates of prudence probably prevailed. A few days ago, one of these burly ruf fians absolutely spat into the face of a pretty young mulatto girl, on a Brooklyn car, and was kicked headlong into the street by the passengers, for the hideous action. All these facts go to prove an ani inns which cannot be misunderstood. It is the ma lignant hatied of a desperate body of impure and ignorant wretches, against a class indescribably en. perior to them in honesty, education, and cleanli ness. It is time thatithe childish euphemism of call ing this an " should be cast aside front the vocabulary; it is a hatred fierce and malignant; a hatred as hideous and pitiless as was that of Tor quemada, himself, against heretics. The feeling is evinced even among the servant-girls, who vow, in their peculiar brogue, that " the nasty negroes ought to be hung," and do not hesitate to say this to the faces of the colored people themselves. Much has been said in the papers about the submissive, uncomplaining spirit which the ne groes have exhibited throughout their persecu tion ; and facts justify the assertion. But when submiasion is forced into desperation, it is not only terrible, but sometimes aggressive. By - the humane assistance of many of our citizens a large number of the negroes have been armed for self-de fence ; and will a man, white or black, allow his wife or daughter to be maltreated and spit upon by a crowd of drunken ruffians when a revolver lies in his pocket? I think it requires no prophetic spirit to predict what lies before us if this spirit of malig nity toward the blacks is not checked by our autho- Titles ; yes, checked and trampled down! There is a limit to the humility of human nature ; a limit to the philosophy of submission. This rabble is tor menting a giant in chains. What if he should snap them suddenly? STUYVESANT. NC CO. Additional Details of the Election of Em peror—Commissioners Sent to Washing— ton by Juarez. HAVANA, Auv ' ust I.—By the Pajero del Oceano, from Santiago de Cuba, we have papers from that city to the 24th ult., By 'her we get news from Vera Cruz - to the 16th, brought by the French steamer Florida, of the St. Nazatre line. There is little of importance more than I sent you in my last, as we only have dates from Mexico to the 10th (I sent. you the same dates per Roanoke). The Eco del Comercio (French Vera Cruz organ) says: The day before yesterday (10th July) the following important despatch was received in this city by courier. In the afternoon of the same day a salute of 101 guns was fired by the city, the fortress of Ullua (San Juan de), and the French fleet at anchor in Sacrificios, to solemnize the proclamation of the Archduke of Austria. MEXICAN EXEEDITION—SIIPERIOR COMMANDER OP VERA CRUZ VERA Crum July 14.—The Colonel Commander Superior informs the inhabitants of this city of the important telegraphic (1) despatch addressed to him by the general-In•chief of the. French army in. Mex ico: Diexrco, July 10, 1863.—General Forey to H. C. the Minister of War (in France): The Assembly of Notables has. just proclaimed Emperor of Mexico the Prince Maximilian, Archduke of Austria. Mon archy and the Archduke have been unanimously proclaimed, save by two votes ! The General•in-Ohief, The same paper states : By the latest letters from Mexico we learn that Manuel Doblado, Governor of Guanajuata, is dis posed to accept the French intervention and thenew order of things emanating from it. Ignacio Comore fort is of the same opinion, and was momentarily expected to arrive in Mexico, for which he had ob tained the necessary safe conduit. The Assembly of Notables that proclaimed Maximilian Emperor of Mexico consisted of 140 members, of whom 138 vo ted in favor of the measure. The following is the proclamation of the said As sembly, who were in session from twelve X. till nine P. Pd., Aguilar being President of the Com-. . . 1. That the Nation adopts limited monarchy, to be hereditary, with a Catholic Prince. 2. That this Prince shall be called Emperor. 3. Tbat he shall be H. R. H. Archduke of Austria, Pei nen do Maximilian. 4. That in case, from any reason, he should not come to occupy the throne, the Nation implores H. I. M. Napoleon 111. to designate to them (or select for them) some other Catholic Prince, to whom the crown is hereby offered. Juarez has sent a commission to Washington. It is said that Garza is relieved of his command, being succeeded by Beriozabal, who, with some forces, has been sent to Queretaro. It is said that Juan An tonia Lafuente has been sent to Washington, with full powers from .Tuarez to adjust any arrangement with the United States by which that Government shall lend aid spinet the Government just esta blished in Mexico. This is equivalent to asking the United States.to declare war against France.—Cor respondence of the Tribune. THE FuteT AMERICAN FLAG IN THE Tnamas.— The New Bedford Standard thinks the statement that the ship United States, of Boston, was the first vessel that hoisted the American flag in the Thames, at London, after the peace of 1783, can haidly be sustained, and quotes the following extract of a letter from the late William Botch, of New Bedford, in proof. The letter is dated Bth mo. 3d, 1842, and was written in . reply to inquiries on the subject: "In 1781 Admiral _Rigby granted thirty licensee for our vessels to go after whales. I was then connected with my father and S. Rodman in business ; con siderable oil we's obpsined in 1782. In the fall of that year I went to New York and procured from dmiral Rigby licenses for the Bedford, William. Illooers, master, and I think the Industry, John Sbadwick, master. They loaded.; the Bedford sailed first, and arrived in Downs the 211 of February, • * and went up to London, and there dis played the United States flag for the first time." We are informed that the mercantile correspond ence df the late Gov. John Hancock, written con temporary with the event claimed for the ship United States, asserts that claim. The United States was a regular trader between Boston and London, and the event of raising the flag may have transpired on a voyage previous to that which the log-book in our possession describes. BOUNTY TO DRAFTED Arnx.—There are few who understand that the provisions of the conscription act place drafted men on terms of perfect equality with volunteers, giving them the same Government bounty, the same title to pensions, the same - pay, the same everything. When the statement has been made, heretofore, many have discredited it; and, to end all question upon the subject, we quote from the act itself SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That all , persona thu6 enrolled shall be subject for two years after the first day of July succeeding the enrohnent, to be called into the military service of the United States, and to continue in service during the present rebel lion, not, however; exceeding the term of three years, and When called into service shall be placed on the same footing, in all respects, at volunteers for three years or during the war, including advance pad and bounty as now provided by lam: THE SUPPLY OF MUSKETS AT SPRINGFIELD.— The United States Armory at Springfield, Pdass. t continues to turn out about 1,000 muskets a day, and this number will not be diminished at present.. Few and small_ orders for muskets rhave been received from Washington of late, and there are 50,000 of the model of and 100,000 of the model , of 1 6:1 1 tone subject to the demand of the Governinwat, FOREY
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