JppSpWt. '-V t • '.W-i .W'fr-\ Wj' 1 J ,«-Ht _V >v*n' - . ■MMM^V"'** 1 ' 1 r \ l ; I*■’ Frasr Pads. — The Ko-tou ;To Texas end Back— 'it<! l il'- ir A’i’*ce ofNitariilHistory; Personaland poltUoil. Fotot'b- PiO»—Tte Courts,-Letter * Mwhft Intelligenoo.' •’ __ > .’. 'Medicine-dispensers. . j ; - Shotting the' after the steed, has ' Uby li6 means an unusual opera tion. /There is a way of acting, however, with allttje variation/which makes quite ((different process of it. That is to use prevention when it really can be of use.: For. example, »hu maa'life'was sacrificed in this city, last week, through the : ignorance, or carelessness, or blunder of a druggist's assistant, who, in making up a prescription, substituted Morphine,-which r ispoisonous, for which id harmless/* . This, however unftrtunate, cannot be consider ed other than an accident, fetal shd'notblamd leßS; but the ene thing wanted now is to take a lesson, from tt, and to provide means against its recurrence. Snch accidents ought to be guard ed against—ought to bo prevented; and they may'he, almost positively. '■ lit' is no .exaggeration to say that deaths *. from mistakes ,in compounding or edministra tion, of medicine are more numerous than the . public generally believe. The compounding - of. a prescription, the .dispensing of tbo medl cino, (compound or single,) is the depart ment of the Druggist in this, country—where such a grade In the medical, profession as the really does notexist. Here, who ever pleases may open a drug store, and com pound and sell medicine, ad libitum, without tho slightest check or control. In most parts of Eu . rope, on the contrary, the tala of medicines and , .the making up of prescriptions is restricted to a . class who have regularly been taught how t 6 doit, and have been-tested by a severe ex amination as to their knowledge of pharmacy. In England, prior to 1812, any and every person could perform the duties of an apothe cary. In that year, the Apothecaries’ Com pany was elevated above ordinary commercial confederations by receiving a Royal Charter of incorporation, which gave the power regu lating the education, ascertaining the know ledge, and regulating the doty of those whomj it admitted, under the. name of Licentiates. Thirty-nine out of every forty medical men in England are what is called *< general practi tioners’ ’ —attending the sick and prescribing for them as Doctors, and making up anddis ,pensing'the medicines as. Apothecaries. In fact, nearly every English surgeon is also a li centiate of the Apothecaries’.Hall, after submit ting io a very severe examination, and, oh the license thus obtained, administers medicines to his patients. : ■ In Ireland, as far back as 1796, when that country had its own Parliament, a statute was 'passed incorporating the Apothecaries iDto a regular School or College of Pharmacy. This was, done in a.manner much more complete, than that adopted In England, sixteen years later. For example, the- Irish Apothecaries’ Act provided that, before a lad should be ap prenticed to leant the business of'an Apothe cary, he should he subjected to an examlnatioh as to hl« knowledge in Latin and Greek—the former being the language in which prescrip tions are written. The test was not too severe, generally going only as far as the ability to translate a few passages, taken at bap-hazard, from Virgil and the Greek Testament. This was sufficient, at any rate, to enable him to‘da a great deal more than guess out the meaning of the labels upon tbo bottles, drawers, and gallipot in the apothecary’s shop. At the end of seven years (the term of apprenticeship fixed by the law) the apprentice has to place himself, with his first certificate of educa tion, and his indentures duly endorsed by bis' late master, before an Examining Council oi Apotlwcaries in ' Dublin, who ascertain his knowledge of pharmacy, and give him either a diploma u toll Apothecary, or a minor one to practice ah Assistant, or, from deficiency in knowledge, send him back'to Improve himself before he again comes before them. ' Another great advantage secured to Ireland by its Apothecaries’ act was, that it became iUegd, and punishable with a heavy fine, one half of to tho informer, for any druggist to carry, on the bnsiness of an apo thecary. : That is, thongh the druggist might sell simple drugs, wholesale of retail, he is liable to a heavy fine, if not also being a regu larly educated) examined, and licensed apo . thecary, be presumed to compound a preacrip ■ tion. ■ In "England, on the other hand, 'any person may sell drags, any person may mix and dispense medicines. The difference in the Irish and the English systems leads, then, to these several results: In Ireland there is no such thing aa a prescription being*made up by any hut a regularly educated and duly accre dited person; while in England, though the apothecary is as well educated as lu Ireland, any person not an apothecary may make up preseriptious. Henbe such things as ing by accident, which are uncommonly rare in belaud, are-of frequent recurrence Jn j[sng. land, which really has as little check,'even With its chartered Apothecaries’ Company, as Pennsylvania has without it. In Continental Europe, since the middle' ages, the apothecaries have been organized as a privileged body, and duly regulated by law. In France, this body, lately reconstructed, as the corporation qf pkarmaciens, aro situated exactly like their fellows in Ireland, and have the exclusive privilege of preparing medi cines and making np prescriptions, without any legal, right to practice ae physicians, ' It is just the same in Germany, where the apothe ktr alone mixes medicines, and where death, from , ignorance in preparing them, scarcely ever occhrs. ! ! In this country, tho Legislature of each State has a plain course to pursue. It must legalize.means by which those who dispense medicines shall be thoroughly instructed in a knowledge of their qualities and effects, and whereby every person who opens a comer shop, with blue and red, and yellow bottles in tbo window, shall not be allowed to dispense medicines unless the public have undeniable legal assurance that he knows what ho is about. The Brat step Is to no ignorant person selling medicines. The next is to take care that each apprentice and assistant has a certain amonnt of education to start with. We have a College of Pharmacy here—its powers might easily be extended so as to become sin examin ing and governing body for the profession, . - Physicians themselves, lt may be added, can do a great deal towards preventing per-adven ture deaths by mistakes at the druggists. Every prescription shonld be plainly written —So distinctly indeed, that no fatality can rea sonably occur from the druggist mistaking one word tor another. ' Ignorant persons protest against the use ofwhat they call “Latin gib berish” in physicians’prescriptions. They do so because they art ignorant. The Latin language is employed in designating the ingre dients to be used, because the Latin names for medicines and chemicals are the same, or • noariy so, in the United States and in Europe, wh'Cress'the vernacular name differs for each nation—nay, sometimes for each State and Province.■ Besides, Latin professional terms are concise and definite. T he part of the pre scription which indicates to the dispenser the names and Qualities of the medicines, and the Inanner in which the/ should be mixed, is always written in Latin. The directions for tho patient, (how, when, and in whit quanti ties to take or apply tho medicine,) are always in English, because they, are Intended for the use of the patient and his attendant. As for tho abbreviations in prescriptions, they should bo charily used as regards the active ingre dients: yet abbreviations, of which there are aboutthree hundred, aro found very useful. Legibility is tho great point. It Is as neces sary for .a .medical mad to write legibly as to • see distinctly, Burns Ouoate, who wrote an execrable scrawl, could never have been » physician—unless he had some one etso to write hie prescriptions. ' We shonld be glad to know that the ikets Which wc have here stated and the hints which we have thrown, out may induce Influential per sons to take efficient steps for preventing death , by mistakes in druggists’ shops. It can bo : done, and it ought to be., . , -V.-A ,;Sm> • ... ,f —l s, Wii • - Sax Qbbai Wooi-Saib.—To-morrow, ppnotuslly -; ;< :at noon, Messrs. Thomas will submit to pnblto .j;i.'competition a peremptory salt of wool, at thslr ahotidn ypomi, Sont(("ponrth stroot. The quantity . . l y and high qualities of this wool are Very coutliisra ;. .' ble, and tho a»le will lie without reeerife. Some ~'-.b'yiflths single lotaweigh S.OOOpUuhdl. Thlslsby .'.ikt'Ciiimost ini portent and Varied irekolassivool' • - .. : had inthla city for ytate, and takes * . piece in. tbe lower auction rooms.' It is by order ylMwn,;TtMqca».Hilaeh*Co. ' SUrery f in (he Government of the The oloments of dogmatic discord which have been at work among us during the last seventy years maybe'divided Into two great classes—those which interests and sentiments for their - rappbff, ihoso which have no sectional hr.ge?graphle bearings or involvements. AllthVc’are strictly of the latter class are settled and disposed of— they are such as the National Bank question j tho internal improvement system ; the fiscal agency of the Federal Government j and tho acquisi-. tion .'of.oontiguouß tqrritory, by purchaso or otherwise,'from independent nations. Be tween tho Inauguration of Jnrranson and the retirement of Jackbox, all questions of this class received tbeirfinal settlement. But the troubles and disputes of tho geographic class 'aro all upon us now, in all their force. Since the date of the' Missouri Compromise, the quarrels'of the latitudes have been settled and oponed, quieted and revived, like so many ague tits and 'intermissions, .till they have grown chronio and proportionately inveterate. Just npw, they are all in tho field, with all their accompaniments and threatenings, in their fullest possible array. Tho worst thing in the subsisting controversy is, that it is a strifo of policies which grow out .of tho characters and institutions of tho antagonist parties, and that it has every Ingradient in it which enters into tho wars of hostile civilizations, except tho religions element. Happily, and most hope fully for tho issue, there is nothing of the dia bolism of religious rancor in it. It is bad enough as a question of North and South, pro gresslvoism and. conservatism, without the mixture of heaven and heli in the fight. From that horror of horrors the nineteenth century is well relieved, and this world’s strifes have got leave to he settled or fought out by the forces which really belong to it, and must at last determine its. destiny. Wars of faiths have been displaced by wars of interests, and reason and experience tiro admitted as legiti mate-rulers of national and social conduct. So, there is hope at the bottom of this pando ra-bex, and the fhture, however dark and doubtful, may be looked at without despair. Under the happy influence of our confede rate system, all tho questions that ore in their nature wholly distinct and separate from tho nogro question are safely put to rest, hut this fountain of mischief has of late grown into such magnitude that it bids fair either to swal low up all other interests or draw them into its train, and employ them in its servico. The, political majority of tho North for some years has" effectively merged all its issues in this one j for, whatever prominonco it has given to economical questions, and other governmental movements, - they have boon in effect subordi nated to the anti-slavery sentiment | and the South seems lately to have cast aside all poli cies and principles which could not be pressed into the service of her domestic institution, until at last the struggle upon the ground of difference has risen to the stature of an “ ir repressible conflict,” and the object of tho strife is declared to be “ all slave States or all free States;” and this mutual invasion of opinion has actually taken the shape of an in vasion of Kansas by the guerillas of tho one party, and of Virginia by those of tho other. The violence of force has given expression to the violence of sentiment, and the zealots of both parties are arrayed againat each other in the spirit of civil war; The time for wiser counsels and better con tact has fully arrived, and we aro happy to believe that the felt necessity will bring with it the required action. We are oven aa Well convinced that the remedy is already in, pro mising operation, and that it will in due time work its way to the adjustment of the differ-' onces and. the pacification of the parties en gaged in tho strifo. Tho principles of the Federal Constitution, carried out in aeon formabie policy by the National Administra tion, -are entirely adequate to tho happiest settlement of all this trouble. - There may be discord between the States, but there cannot be a dissolution of the Union. Its perrna nency does not rest simply in the consent oi its members, and their passions and caprices cannot destroy it.. There is an inherent farce in a highest and best policy which compels its adoption and maintenance; for, if human wisdom is not quite perfect, so human lblly and wickedness aro also limited. The un- reasoning instlnots'o! birds and beasts oblige them to adopt the best order of thoir social existence, and there is a proper power in motives which men cannot altogether disobey. The rational conviction and the happy experi- ence of the benefits and blessings of tbo Fede ral Union are ample . securities for its indefi nite continuance. Tho absurdity, tho virtual impossibility, of a severance of tho Union stands ont in the obvious fast that a dissolu- tion could really make no change in tho dela tions of the sister States, which would relieve or remove any of tha .complaints sgsinst the common Government. Under the Constitu tion not ono of the States can interfere with the concerns of another, more, or even as much as it could or would if the Federal bond were broken; and no one of them is any more re sponsible for the institutions of another than if that other were a foreign, or even a hostile, State. Bum the Constitution and sink Wash ington city into a Virginia township, tho States will stand to each other just as they stand now. This point is not sufficiently understood. It is by some supposed that the powers granted to the Federal Government are surrenderings of State sovereignty in exchange for the advan tages'of political union. An intelligent exa mination will show that nothing is given up by the compact which wonld not necessarily be put upon the samo or a similar basis by treaty between any separate and independent States lying in each other’s vicinity. Tho German Kingdoms and States aro just as much com pelled by the sympathies, interests, and neces- sities of contiguity to guaranty to each other tbeirrespectivo fonr s ofgovenunent,to protect each other from invasion, and, on application of the Legislature or Executive, against domestio violence,” aa we aro by tho fourth section of the fourth article. So fkr as internal order and institutions are concerned, no change can be made to exempt from interference, or to relieve from respon. sibiliiy, any party to the compact j for it no where touches in any degree tho independence or separateness of any State which itsuncom promisod individuality and sovereignty could maintain in the midst of surrounding Common wealths. The Germanlo Diet embraces thirty nine or forty sovereignties, ranging in rank and power from Austria, Russia; Saxony, Bavaria and Hanover, down'to Lnbeck, Bremen and Hamburg, o nt3 trom populations of twelvo mil lions down to five hundred. States as diverse In magnitude as New York and Rhode Island, but being conterminous, and kindred in blood and interest, they aro of necessity United Stater, to the extent required for preserving the external and internal security of Germany, os well as the independence and safety of its particular States. The economical policy of tho most of the States belonging to the 'Diet is as closely united by the operation of tho PrasBlan,League,or Zoll-veroin, as our Beveral States aro by the Constitution which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and to lay and collect duties and imposts upon importations. There is nothing in our Union beyond that which was and Is inevitable that can in any wise affect the question over which wo aro now quarreling. Nothing, at least, in the bond of connection between the States which constitute it; for tho Constitution, rightly interpreted by its inten. tion, Us provisions, and practical uses, turns out to he nothing bnt a permanent treaty of amity between sovereignties i and there can scarcely arise tho least risk of conflict or dis pute about its construction orapplication now, since the first class of questions, of which we have spoken, lias boon disposed of, if it wore net.for. the jointmansgement of the Territories committed to the General Government by the Federal compact. lUs here that the consciences and interests of the respective parties get entangled, and here lies the only open ground for dispute and difference. Let us look at tho state of the case as It stands compressed within those limits. * • The unsettled regions claimed by Virginia, Georgia, New York, Massachusetts, Connecti cut, North Carolina, and South Carolina, at tho time tho Confederacy was formed, wero surrendered Jo the use of the Union, partly because of difficulty of governing and re taining on account of the uncer- of title by which they held them, and largely, no doubt, for the sake of removing the jeaiqnsy and fears of the other States, and equalizing the burden of the war debt upon all the States. Whatever tho motives may have been that induced the surrender, it is plain UBS 1 MWlgg-PIfiLABELWtIA; ofibllgh that there Could bo no stibnd policy in retaining them, and they became of necessity open to the settlement and occupancy of the industrious adventurers who shbuMrglvo these wild lapds.all thoir value, and ,of right' frame the institutions that must govern them. Other Territories have since been acquired—that is, the titlea of other claimants have been ex- tinguished, and as Federal.domain, havo been in like manner thrown open to the only true title—that of occupancy and improvement. For there is nothing in tho ownership of a wilderness by a Government, however derived, that cau take away the original right of the labor which subdues it, to hold it as property, and exercise political domain ovor it. And if there were any such legal or prerogative right, it could not, in this country, bo enforced, nor could its violation bo remedied. Could Vir ginia hold and govern Ohip, Indiana, and Illinois, by right of a royal charter 7 Could Georgia maintain her pretence to all tho lands lying weßt of her «to tho Mississippi or South Sea,” by gift of a King whose sovereignty ovor them had to be wronohod from him by the common blood and treasure of the united colonies in arms 7 What then becomes of the title of the several States to these Territories, either as property or as political provinces 7 Theta was nothing in it but a fiction of feu dalism at first. Tho lands were free by dlvino charter, and their Bottlers aro so by the same authority—free of Kings, and Colonies, and Congresses alike; and the only question that remains is, what are the common rights and responsibilities of tho States in tho Union, in respect to tho chances of thoir settlement, and of tho character of thoir institutions 7 They are contiguous to tho old States, and they must come into tho Union; for, besides the provision of tho Constitution, wo cannot allow alion or hostile nations to grow up around us and in our midst. The laws that really govern civil societies aro not conven tional. Contracts may ratify, or they may slightly vary them, but they are founded in tho nature of things, and are operative and absolute by thelrown properpower. Not becauso tho na tion holds somo legal claim to tho domain, nor' oven becauso the Constitution binds us “ to guaranty to ovary State in tills Union arepubli can form of Government,” but becauso of tho original right of every nation to protect itself, its institutions, and its peace and general wel fare from tbo contagion and the aggressions of repugnant and hostile institutions, wo hold any natural right of supervision and interven tion in the affairs of our Territories; and, therefore, it is only to the extent that such na tural rights are endangered that we aro war ranted in so interfering. All differences short of' dangerous or deßtructiYO invasions of our own policy aro entirely out of the range of our rightfel interference. Thoir law of divorce, of intestacy, of enforcing the payment of debts, of common-school education, of parental autho rity, criminal punishment, or of chattel sla very, are no such invasions of our rights as can warrant interference, and especially, no differences in such things in their internal po lity involves us in any moral or political re sponsibility. If Pennsylvania had nothing to do with slavery in Virginia, she has just as little in Texas; and if there was any reason why Virginia consented that her citizens should not hold their slaves as property in Pennsylvania at the time of tho original com pact, there is the samo reason for allowing Kansas and Nebraska to deny tho right now. So well grounded in reason and tho nature of things is this right of overy government to re gulate its domostio concerns in its own way, that no powor, however oxerted, or in what ever circumstances, has ever, in the history of this country, been able to prevent a Binglo State or Territory from doing just what it willed to do in the premises. In respect to this question of slavery ,in tho Territories, tho parties at war about it will find, upon investigation, that tho Union can neither bo charged or credited with anything that has happened in this respect in any Territory which has entered tho Union sinco its formation. Tho sottlers of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and all west and northwest of them, could and would found nothing butfreo States; and thoso of Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, and ail west and southwest of them, went Into the Territo ries as slave-holders; they built tho Territories into States on the same principle, and no force or influence of the Federal Government either had, or could have, a particle of influence upon the result in olther case. It was not (he ordi-. nance of 1787 that banished slavery from tho Northwest Territory, but tho people, thocli mate, and tho products, which did the same thing for Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Tho repeal of the Missouri Compromise exposed Kansas to tho oven chance of slavery or freo. dom, and a strenuous effort was made to over rale and override tho natural law oi tho cqse ; hut tho Frce-soilers havo lost no inch of ground by tbo removal .of tho prohibition, nor will they ever in all time to come, ior tho Tery sufficient reason that they nover gained an inch of ground anywboro by its existence upon the statute-book. They took possession, and tlioy koop thoir hold of California, where there was no legal restriction, nor anti-Blavery sentiment eithor, to guard tho Territory; and they lost Toxaß just because tho laws of nature were not in their favor there, although the laws of Con gress interposed no hlndranco whatever, any more than they did lu California. ■Whether wo look to tho Northwest Territory as balanced against tho Louisiana and Florida purchases; to California, against whatever may happen to the rest of tho Mexican conquest and the Texan annexation; or to all that must be free in ail tho Northwest region, bounded by the Pacific ocean and foreign dominions to the northward of us, against all that may, perchance, become slavo territory in tho South and Southwest of our extendod and oxtending domain, will any one Undertake to chargo tho Confederacy with mischief to eithor of tho antagonist interests, which could havo been prevented under it, or which would n'o l as certainly have happened if no union of iho States had been effected 7 Unfortunately for the peace of tho Union in after times, tbo ordinance of 1787 unadvisedly and nnavallingly set the precedent of Con gressional intervention in the domestic con-' corns of tho Territories. Tho Congress oi the Confederacy in that, tho first exercise of a power which then, of course, bad no constitu tional authority, put the prohibition of do mestic slavery, which nature and tho will of tho citizens legitimately ordained, into tho form of a Congressional restriction, which in ctfoct, and in fact, was no more than a gratui tous endorsement or sanction of a law, or rather a necessity which no act of Congress can either make or repeal. Subsequent Con- gresses following this oxamplo, have in long succession, and for like reasons, added similar restrictions, which had no necessity and no effect, in the organization of other Territories with similar geographic and climatic condi tions, and cltlzons governed by similar policy. But that the Genoral Government nover, oven from tho first, committed itself to any princi- ple Which COUld Conflict ia any naan with tho right of self-government by the people of tho Territories in respect to the slavery question, is apparent from tho fact that In 1791 Kentucky was admitted into tho Union with slavery in her Constitution. Here was Territory not put un der the restriction, which was coded to us by tho same State and tho samo deed that gave us the. Northwest. An act for the organiza tion of Tennessee, a Territory ceded by North Carolina, was passed on the 26th May, 1790, without the prohibitory clause. In 1804 tlio Territories of Louisiana and Missouri, formed oat of the purchase made from France, wore erected without tho restriction, though the let ter lay well up in tho region dedicated to froodom by the ordinance of 1787. Alabama, part of tho French purcliaao, was erected into a Territory in 1817, and admitted in 1819, without tho restriction. Mississippi, ceded by South Carolina and Georgia, became a Terri tory, free from tho restriction, in 1798, and In 1820 Missouri herself, although lying all above tho line 36 dog. 30 min., was admitted into tho Union in like manner. Tho voice of her own pcoplo prevailed against all tho lorce of tho precedent, and all the reslstanco Its support ers could offer. The precedent lacked govern mental principles; it bad nevor obtained be low a certain geographical lino, nor above It olther, in any contested case. Tho pcoplo north of that llnomodo no objection to a moro iy gratuitous re-enactment by Congress of their own ordinances; and the States having an opposite polioy and Interest were undor no temptation to resist a provision which was mere surplusage in the ordinances of Coh gress touohing this snbjeot in the States dedi cated by tho legitimate authorities to free dom. But the North set tho example of Interven tion in the caße of Missouri, and failed; the Sooth forgetting its own most solemn commit- ments, haVc followed it in the case of rftthsas, and have failed. Thus tho principle of Popular Sovereignty, as applied to the Territories in. the formation of their organfo ttw,is vindicated aliko by reaaon, justico, and-bistory. The repeal of the Missouri Compromise; and the reversal of the precedent of restriction Of 1787, was no thing but tho expunging of a statutory au thority which never had, or could have, any forco ior the purpose intended, and lay there only as a sanction for a dispute which could do nothing but mischief. We had some reason, wo think, to congratu late oursolves when this hone of contention was taken out of tho way. We did not look upon it as a submission ora sacrifice to tho ad verse interest. Norcould we imagine thst the party, or any formidable number of tho party, which opposed it os an unwarranted interven tion, would forthwith advocate an equally un warranted and oven more mischievous inter vention of tho Federal authority in thoir own behalf. As yet, this pretence of right to in trusion and independoneo, or mastery, in the Territories, is limited to the time previous to their addiission into the Union as sovereign States, beyond which it is not asserted with any show of confidence. But until tho right of eminent domain can ho shown to include the government of tho inhabitants of tho no tional territory, or to exclude their govern ment of themselves, the claim is clearly no better founded than if it wore nrged by tho citizens of New York against tho people and tho polity of South Carolina. Anything that a State otter admission into tho Union may do, touching this question of slavery, it may do as a Territory before admission; for, it cannot he an invasion of nny right reserved to the sepa rate States of tho Confederacy, and is clearly in tho spirit, and within tho provisions, of the compact. Tho remedy, which we have spokon til in the beginning of this artlclo as liopefhlly at work to settle tho dispute as it relates to tho organi zation of tho Territories, the establishment of thoir institutions tfnd laws, and the question of i their admission into tho Union, is the plain, sirnplo, just, and inevitable ono of allowing them to regulate all their institutions oh the Constitution sccurcß tho right to the States, in their own way. To-morrow wo will give our views upon tho slavoryissuo ns it stands outtldc of constitutions and local laws, but excoedlng’.y and fcarftilly active in its operation upon the politics and peace of tho nation. * Question of Authorship. In reference to an articlo which has latoly appeared in Tub Press, touching the author ship of tho Life of Mr. Buchanan, in Applo ton’s New American Cyclopedia, Mr. Gbuxd has addressed the following communication to this paper, whioli wo publish on the principle of fhir play: I have just been shown The Press of the 11th instant, In whlohyou refer tome as falsely claiming the authorship of tho “Life of Mr. Bachanan," in Appletou’e j;opyciopxJia. Yoa then assort that the Hon. Judge Black is the author of it, and ae eompany that statement with soma remarks in jurious to my character. For this reason nlono, I would now state, for your information, that I qm the author of that artioie in Apple lon’s Enoydo pmdia, and that Judge Block never did claim its authorship, though it was ssoribed to him by the publishers. The ilon. Judge Blaok is so able a gentleman, and has a reputation so wldo-spreod, that it is no small flattery to me to have my poor essays paw for his own. It is no doubt tho name of the sup posed author of the artioie, and not its literary me rit, whiob has won for it the favorable notice of the press, among which I Inolude yonr own. You wilt no doubt give this an insertion in The Press, ofwhloh I understand you aro the literary editor and oblige, very respeotfnlly, yJur obedient sorvant, Fnsxcts J. Gmjsn. Having thus given Mr. Gbuxd’s positive statement, which is distinct and precise, we can only say that wo wore tho published list in tho Cycloptcdia itself, which positively affiliated the biography upon Mr. Black. It is palpable tha) the Cyclopaedia, which misled us, was itself misinformed, and its conductors havo also to moko tho amende to Mr. Ghuhd. . Lecture by Dr. Mackenzie at German' town last evening. The third leoturo of theoourso before the Young Men’s Ohristian Association of Germantown war delivered in the Town Hall of Germantown last evening, the teotnrer being Dr. It. Bhelton Mack entie, of this oity, and bis subjoot, “ The Lights, and Shades of Irish Oharaoter.” The audience wes unusually largo, the hall having boon almost filled. T&erjeotarer appeared npon tho platform, attended'by'the officers of the association, at 8 oioloeki'ani wes greeted with applause. The D&tor’s Introduction to hiß lecture was happtiyeonesivsd, and was in itself no moan il lustrallonof Irish humor, and was admirablyteai oulatod. to prepare hie bearers for tho good thlngr to come. Tho lectors itself was In all rospootß what il professed to ho—an.artislio portraiture of Irish character, In which not only the light and darh shades, but all tho floor and more suhtio tints, wore flnoly rendered. Tho key-note of Iris! oharaoter was said to bo intensity. While the nohior traits of that interesting pebple, Whoso antiquity was traced haek fifteen hundred yonri before tho Ohristian era, wore dwelt upon, the loss flattering charaeterlstlcs were not over looked. Thus, the leoturor felt bound, in honesty to admit that an Irishman was always happy in a row. Severs] dramatis illustrations of the style o' spooking of certain Irish worthies wore given will admirable effect by the leotnrer, and fairly “brought down the bouse.” Bpeaking of the religion of the Irish, it was said to he with them os much a matter of affeotlon os of faith. Tho dis cussion of their matrimonial pnolivltles was ei oeedingiy humorous, end merriment. Tho leotnre was richly intersprrsod with Illustra tive anecdotes, and in keeptn; with its anthor’e special prorogativo, was no lessfnll of witty glances in parenthesis. His butanes of "Irish bulls” wore most ludicrous, and oorstituted a tolling fea ture of tho looture. His eoiolusion was a felici tous eompilment lo that feiture In tho Amorican cb&raotor which had made himself almost forgot thst he was a nativo of a fo'olgn land. After tho leoturo, Dr. ilaokonito read his own oelobrated logondary ballad of “ Geraldino.” It was retd with much spi'it, and constituted a Si ting conclusion to tho ln-orestlng evening's enter tainment. Death of John 0. Itocbufcllow, Esq. - tVs regret to reoor* tbs sudden death of John 0. Roekafellow, which event oeeurred at Omlts’s Hotel, in Jlsrrlebu'K, at eleven o’olook on Sunday night last. Mr. B.wss, in hhftime, odo of the meet extensive rallroat oontrsotors in this oountry, having assisted in oonstrnotlng the greater part of tho leading pubSO improvements in this State, os well as those of Hew York. Prior to his death he had a large lontrset in Virginia. The lost work he engaged Is in this State was the enlargement of the Union C*nal. He was widely known as one of our most interprlsing and influential oitisens, and his sudden doath will ho mournod by a largo eirele of acquaintance", to whom ho was endoared by his manly and noble qualities. 11a was unmarried, and about forty-seven years of age. Pictoxial JouftNALS.—From Caliendor A Co. we haro the Illustrated London Hews of Novem ber 12th, and Illustrated News of the Worht cf tbo same date. Thoy were received on Saturday, and the omission in acknowledging them yesterdij was entirely accidental. Large Sal* or Furniture, Piano-Fortes, Garrets, Ac.—This morning, at 014 Chestnut street, will he sold a lergo stock of suporior cabinet furniture, pnrt of the stock of a cabinet-maker do ollnlng husluoss, siso several first-class piano-fortes, household ftirnituro of a family removing. T. Birch A Bon, auctioneers. Sale to commenoo at ten o’clock, cad to bo oontlnuod in tho ovoning. Valuable Bronzs, Hahdboxe ami Pi.aim Dwxllinus, Lauub Vacant Lots, Stocks, Ac.— flalos to-day, at twelve o’olock noon, and sovon o’olook In tho evening, by order of Orphans’ Court, assignees, Ao. Beo Thomas A Pons' advertisements and oatalogucs. Tiih I.Anas Lot or Wool to bs aold to-morrow at Thomas A Sons’ uuction rooms Is now open for examination, with oataloguos. Sea advertise ments. iKTEBEsriHa Lecture Tlio second of tbo present annual oourso of freo lectures beforo the Meohsnlos' Library and Literary Association, wiU' be delivored this evening, by H. It. Wnrriner, Esq. The subject ohoseu by tbo gitted speaker is 11 Heroism.” Tho last lecture beforo tho Insti tute wau delivered by John Goforth, Esq., on “ Na ples and its People.’’ We have heard it Bpoken of In tho highest terms of praise. Tho Institute, wo are glad to obsorvo, Is in a thriving condition, and we trust to see It, If possible, even sllll more pros perous In tho future. Frateknity Pbogeedisos. Tho annual session of tho Tau Omikron Fraternity wilt be held In this city on noly Innooent’s day next. This fraternity consists of young men throughout the Union, and delegates from nearly every Stato are expeeted to be in attendanco. As tbs pro. oeodings of >ll fraternities are secret, we, of coarse, cannot Inform our readers what business will bo brought before tho fraternity, or tho pleeo whore the session will ho held, The wobk of tearing down the market sheds goes on rapidly. A few short days and they will be no mors, NoMiiJEii We«da¥, ' i t*U« i front ** OoctlHioijtti,*’ tCufrMl>UttllBlioo of i’lia Prow.] Washington, November 28,183 U. t am under obligations to you for a package of 1 anonymous communications and several paragraphs I from newspapers commebting upon and criticising I this oorrespondence. When I began these letters I intended to render them as interesting as industry and some facilities for proauring information could make them. I anticipated not alone that they would furnish agreeable reading for the thousands | who await and hail the daily appearance of The \ Pretty but that they would be subjected to severe, and sometimes unjust, animadversion. My task, like yours, was to speak frankly on every great quostlon, .to expose tho delinquencies of dishonest pqbllo servants, to ridicule where ridioule was ap propriate, and to leave no toplo untouched, great or small. Above all, X determined to apply my* self to the vindication of the prlnolplos to which the Democratic party in common, North and South, had solemnly pledged itself. X feel nattered that, at this day, theso effusions are copied moro widely, and famish more material for disputo and discussion, than the productions of moat of the numerous aoribes who illuminate tho daily and weekly Journals of this country, and now write from our political centre. The Administration organs have attempted to held a number of excellent persons responsible for my letters. They hove sought to depredate my statements, to orltidso my style, and to show, in somo instances, that I have not always writtou from Washington. Although, like others, I may have sometimes committed mistakes, And like more havo not boon so careful (n tho elegance of my rhetoric as If I had polished my paragraphs with lnpid&rian skill and oare, yet, in the long run, I claim to have spoken mostly “by tho book.” Even now, in glancing over the volumes I havo written, I think there is less oarolossnoss than is usually ob servable in hastily prepared correspondence. Two of your anouymous commentators, however, and several newspapers, are exeroised at what they call theinappropriatoncss of tho nomde plume un der which I writs. They do not think that“ Occa sional" Is e*aqt|y tho title fgr letters that appear evoryday; loandldly admit the justlcoof this criticism; but vou yourself are to blame. If you will remembor, when I commencod to send you at Intervals a short loiter from Washington, X intended to write only now and then, and as the humor soiled mo | and accordingly I adopted the signature over which, for now nearly two years, I have filled so many oolumns of The Press. You will also recol- lect that I proposed taking anotbor name, but whatever popularity this correspondence h*d aq- j qulred, you assorted had bepn acquired under tho namo ot “ Occasional,’' and, thorofore, you Insisted upon my retaining It. Desides, in looking over tho loxlcons, I find that tho word “occasional” Is lusoepilMo of more than one meaning. It may be used to mean “ inciden tal” letters, or “ to indicate somo spoolai event.” Richardson calls it “ accident or incident,” “ op portunity,” “reasonableness,” “convenience,” “conenrronoe,” “urgenoy,” and “oxigency.” Now, sinoo I began to indulgo my pen, I oontend that there has boon a series of "special events” transpiring at Washington, a series of “opportu nities,” and any numbor of “ urgencies” and “ exigencies. ” It has been so “convenient” to tno to take note of these things, that from an “ in cidental” observer, I havo become a daily chroni olorof the times. There has not been a moment that subjeots rare or exciting have not suggested themselves to my mind. Wh e f° ethers have failed to find material, I have gleaned enough to make whatever may havo been sent to you by my hand agreoablo to yourself aucl to your roadors. X ro peat that I do not claim .to be Infallible, and that I look for denunciation, inveotive, orltioisra, and •censure. " Some positive, pertiettnf sonbes, I know, Think ifonco wrong I always will be so ; But when I gladly grant my errors post, May I not make eaoh day a eritisw* on the last?” Borne surprise is occasioned by tho tone of a number of tho Virginia papers of all polltios, in declaring their opinion that the rescue bf John Brown and his aseociatos will bo attempted on Fri day next. I do not believo such an event among the possibilities. When tho Ilarperis Ferry affair broko upon tho country like a thunderbolt from an uncloudod sky, it touched a chord in the national hoart that more than anything else was significant of tho dotormination of the American people to frown down any and all attempts to invade the territory and assail the rights of the Southern States. Tho sontlment thus aroused broko the back of the inoondiary spirit whioh then and there manifested itself; and lam sure that tho fate of any body of men ambitious of running the fearful hazard of a rescue on Friday next, when tho sur vivors of tho affray are to bo executed according to tho Virgiuia law, will cud in a catastrophe still more bloody than that which orownod their original work. Now, whore do the Virginia papers get their authority for saying that any rescue is to bo attempt ed? Nearly all the loiters sent to Gov. Wiso ap prising him of such a purpose, havo been shown to bo forgone*, and a succession of telegraphic des patches, couched in the same temper, have also been proved to bo the grossest fabrications. Whether these forgeries and f ibrications are tho result of malig"-' nity, or whether thgy grow out of the too ready disposition to turn thowboloof tho excitement In Virginia iuto a vast Joko, this much is certain, that the body of the Northom people contlnuo to main tain tho most friendly attitude towards their fel low-countrymen inthoBouth; and my prediction is, that, notwithstanding all tho prophecies of the Virginia newspapers, Friday, the 2d of Docembor, will arrive, and tho awful rites of the law will bo executed upon Brown and bis confederates without a human hand being raised in their defence. This effort on tho part of these journals is, in my opi nion, calculated to rofieot more ridioule upon the people of tho “ Old Dominion” than anythiog that oould omanato from tho prolific pens of their dis tant, yet vigilant enemies, in the Northom StAtes, Hon. Carrol Sponco, for nearly six yoars resi dent minister at Constantinople, has returned to bis home in Maryland. His euooossor, Col. James Williams, of Tennessee, (a connection, I believe, of your oxcellont oHlsen, Colonel Wui. C. Pattorson), has discharged tho duties of tho samopost for more than a year past, and gives genoral satisfaction. Mr. Sponoo was always a devoted friend of Mr. Buohanan, and, I believe, was recalled at his own roquost. Ho has made ono of tho most efficient representatives of tho Amorlcan nnmo and tho Ainorican intercuts evor sent to tho Orient. He brings back with him a vast amount of informa tion. Present when Constantinople was a groat depot of tho allied armies during the war in the Crimoa, and when many of tbe Intrigues of tho Austrians, French, English, und Russians were conduotod.in tho Saraoonio metropolis, ho not only mado many vnluablo acquaintances, but was fre quently enabled to do jußtico to his own country, and to point to our peaceful progress as a happy contrast to tho causeless conflicts carried on be tween throe of tho groat European Powers. I re mombor well hoaring poor Miko Walsh (whom you will recollect for his many noble qualities of head and heart, as well ns for bis disregard of tho conventionalities of'life), after bis roturn from his most erratic tour to tho field of war, on tbe shores of tho Baltic, speak in teimß of high admira tion of the manner in which Carrol Spenoe main .tainod the dignity of his station amid all those troublous times. Bis house was neutral ground. Although, of course, no Russian was permitted to soil tho sacred city with his footsteps during this warliko interval, yot it was nouncommon thing for Uio residonoo of tho American embassy to be tbe moetiog-placo of citizens and travellers belonging to tboso nations who did not participate in the struggle, as well as for those who acted on tho side of France and England. There might bo seen tho British and the Turkish officer, the Zouave and tho Turco the Sardinian And tho Irishman, mooting in friendly converso uuder tho broad folds of tbo American flag. Among this motley company Mike Walsh was a welcome visitor, nnd if ho only had employed bis tirno on Ills roturn to tho United States, ho would have mado a hook of travels, with his raro powers of description, such as would have thrown into Uio shado most of tho«o volumes whiob reposo In ostentatious binding, covered with dust, on tho groaning nholvos of tboir unfortunate pub- Ushers. Tho Charleston Convention will, it is now said be oallcd early in April. On all hands it Booms to bo conoedod that tho opinion originally givon in this corrospondcnoc, to tho effect that Charleston might become unhealthy nftcr tho firat of May, (an opinion violently antagonized utlhotimo.) wascor* root, nndprudont mo ft in tho Democratic rank* sug gost that tho sooner tho Convention is hold tho hotter. You, of Ponnsylvnniajoomplain bitterly of the Intolo tinoo and despotism of the office-bolding oligarchy in your State. You havo only seen tho beginning oftho end, bowevoy. You hardly know tho process thU is now going on in tho interior of your State. Tin appointments of deputy marshals to take tbe ne:t census, which will bo made oarh in tbo now yoir, are now living promised in ewry county in the north ami west—constituting n souioo of pom to tho Administration which nil! bohoavily dravn upon, nnd without hesitation. Pomcof these appointments nro worth ns much as eighteen hun dred dollars, and olhors oven a larger sum, nnd ns tho work onn all bo done within iv comparative few months, this will rnnko a bribe in itself well calcu lated b Intoxicate the brains of needy men, and to neutrfuiio tho onergics of thoso who, if left unfet tered,'would be glad to strike on tho side of lh.> right. I hope our friends in (ho different counties of Pennsylvania will keep their eyes upon tho ap plicants for theso places, and make a record of the promises that are now being mado only (o bo broken. Tho expectation thus created, growing* out of offers hinted or diroctly mado, will account for the insane malevolence of many of tho Adminis tration editors, in yoar State and olsowhoro. It is in contemplation, however, to institute n rigid investigation into this new attempt If* muzzle the free opinioLH of a freo pooplo, and thina who have this patronage in their gift must take caro, lest in their anxiety to servo thoir masters they do not embarrass themselves. To such an extent is tho influence of tho Federal Government boing exorcised that there is not a Northern and Western State in which preeisoly the same spirit of revolt that prevails in Pennsylvania does not exist. I have already referred to tho oppressive and tyran nical system adopted and enforoed in Illinois. Mr. Baohannn oared so little for tho election oftho Demo. & ll« 9, rnuto fcnodiJato for GGVernor In New Jemy In the Uto NoVcmbor election* that when all the divisions of the Democratic party had harmonized upon General Wright, and upon a conservative platform recognising the pledge of that party, and Iti funda mental principles, he prooeodod, In the midst ot the canvass, to dooapitate & number of influential Do mooraU, becauso of their supposed sympathlo* with Stephen A. Douglas, and thus appalled and paralysed the whole column. In Ohio there is eoaroely left a single monument of the magna nimity of tho Administration towards the friends of Stephon A. Douglas. The blow aimed at Gray, of the Clevolond (Ohio) PtaituleaUr , has been followed up by tbo removal of tho Hon. James J. Faran from the Cincinnati post office. If any | man is rotained in office In Ohio who is friendly to Douglas, it is only beoause some Administration member of Congress has interposed to save his hoad from the ready and reeking guillotine. A gentleman from Massachusetts, now here, graphically describes the proceedings of the office holders of tho Federal Government in Boston. Collector Austin has carried his proscription so far that an almost universal protest, coming from tbo puroat Democrats in the Bay State, has been made to Mr. Secretary Cobb, demanding of him to arrest his depondont before be extinguishes what little is loft of the gallant Demooraoy of that State. Ma lice and revengo scorn to be the inspiring emotions of his nature. Ho has set himself to work to dio< into and control all the delegates from thAt State to tho Charleston Convention/ Men in office are throatonod and warned of their fate if they dare to vote for any friend of Douglas; and notwith standing ho was badly beaten at tho rooent State Convention bold at Worcester, as well in tbo ergauiiation as the olootion of general dele gates to Charleston, be continues his career of os tracism In the several Congressional Aistriots of tho ! Stnto. Yiolenoo and doublo-setting have resulted In moro than ono of these districts, and most of the ' custom-house officers who have refused to partici pate in this vlolonco and double-setting have been romovod. Tho course of the Collector iu this re spect has lod to the protost to the Secretary of the Treasury to which I have reforred. ArnoDg others who raiao their hands and voloca against the con duot of the Federal officials in Massachusetts, I am permitted to name tho Hon. Benjamin F. Butler, tho late Democratic candidate for Govornor of that State. }Io and all tbo controlling men of tbeparty In Massachusetts, Including nearly all tho dele gates elected to Charleston, condemn the conduct of Collector Austin, and demand his emphatic re buke by tho proper department. Hnvo you ever looked over tho roll of Democra tic momboTs of the last Congress from the free Btatcs, who either started out against Leoompton and fell by the way-sldo, or who took that dose at tho beginning and died for their patriotism under tho merciless firo of tho people at tho polls ? The retrospoot teaches two lessons: first, how treason to tho right is rebuked by an indignant people; and sooond, how it !s rewarded by a corrupt Adminis tration. Let us begin in Pennsylvania. Henry M. Phillips, who “ roared so loudly in the ind«*x n on your sldo of tho quostion, and was defeated so hndly by the people of his diatrlot, is compensated for bis dofeotlon by being made tho chief dictator of patronago in Pennsylvania, and Is to be further honored by ( being Sent to Charleston, (if tbo control of your Harrisburg Convention Is cravenly surren- I doro'd to tho offico-holders,) as tbo main engineer In favor of a slave code for tho Territories, and against | Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois. Owen Jones, in I the Montgomery district, is rich enough to do with out office, but expoots, with tha aid of the marshal of your Eastern district, Mr. Yost, to go to Charles ton on the same lino. Glanoy Jones, of Berks, who was so badly Injured in the affectionate embrace of John Bobwarti, of tho sanje county, has boen sent to tho oomfortable snuggery of minister resident near tho person of his Austrian Majesty, Fran* ois Joseph. John A. Ahl, defeated in the Con gressional district composed of Cumberland and Perry, has been solaoed by a remunerative contract for supplying mules to the Utah army, ex. tended to bis brother. Wilson Reilly, of the Franklin and Adams district, whose speoch against Lecompton had scarcely boen written and com mitted to memory before bo concluded to go for that soarlob sin, was dofeated in tho October fight of 1858, and was empowered to fill the only valua ble place in his district, immediately after. James M. GiUis, of the wild cat, or Clarion district, who accepted Jiooompton at tho start, without com punotion, and was handsomely defeated in oonse quence, though vigorously aidod by Senator Bigler, now occupies tho position of disbursing agent in one of the distant departments under the Indian Bureau. Bishop, of Connecticut, who went off early in th*e contest for Lecompton, and fell at tho polls, Is, at present, United States Commis sioner of Patents, to wh(oh place ho was called after it had been declined by several others. Hatch, of the Buffalo (Now York) district, who telegraphed his determination to oppose Lecompton, and reooded from it shortly after, and was de feated, of courso, has, within a few days, boon appointed postmaster of Baffalo. Cox, of.tfie Columbus (Ohio) diatrlot—ono of the ablest young men-in the Northwest, a finished scholar, - and. public apeaker, with strength enough to have himself if he had gone right —first opposed, and then supported, the Kansas policy of the Administration, through his own in domitable exertions was re-elooted. He has made a good thing out of his defcotion. His friend, Mldor, was removed from tho post offieqat Colum bus, becauso he sympathised with Cox. Cox stood erect, and when Co* went down he was enabled to restore Mitlor to tho post office, Miller, of courso, yielding to the pressure which carried the Repre sentative from that district against the “ rebel’’ column. Who says that the President does not care for bis wounded ? lam told it is ono of his boasts that no man can loDg resist tbo smiles of power, backed by promises of gold. Public Amusements. Germania Orchestra's First Grakd Classi cal Concert.— Tho question has often been asked when the Qermanlans would get through their rehearsals, and giro ns a conoort. The an swer Is now ready; on Thursday evening, the let proximo, that great oyent is announced to come off at the Musical Fund Hall. For this occasion the number in tho orchestra will bo Increased to over forty musicians, comprehending in tho list the names of tho most talented professors of our city. The aeries of concerts proposed to be given through tho season will be of an elevated and refined character, aud an opportunity will be afforded tbe lovers of musio to hear the best orchestral compositions of the great masters of the old, as well as the moro modern school; and it is but reasonable to believe that a body of men under regular drill, and constantly playing together, as these perrons do, will bo able to givo a complete and perfect performance, such as may bo satisfactory to the most exacting taste The subscription list is now open at the principal musio stores, where we advise our musical readers to go and put down their namos at an early moment. It must not be supposed that this series of con certs will interfere In tho least with the exceed ingly popular and meritorious Saturday afternoon publio rehearsals; these will bo continued regu larly, without any intermission, through the wholo winter and spring. The programme for the concert of Thursday is an exceedingly attractive one, for, borides a grand symphony, by Schubert, “Jubilee” overture by Wober, “Fair Melusine” overture by Mendels sohn, and other orcboßtral pieces, Mad. Johansen will sing “Ah! Mon Fils,” by Meyerbeer, with othor songs, aud Mr. Wolfsohn will play tbe groat “ Beethoven Concerto,” for piano, with orchestral accompaniments. The Opera Season.—Monday night nexthas been fixed for tho opening of the opera season at the Academy of Musio. Mr. Strakosch promises seven operas nevor before performed In this city. Wo notioo that Madame Gauaniga, and Riga. Brignoli and Amodio, are of tho company. Mad. Gauaniga is emphatically the favorite of Philadelphia, for hero it was that she was first appreciated, and won her first laurels. The Academy, of course, will bo crowded. Walnut-street Theatre.— Barney Williams nnd his wifo, who has matured during her foreign tour Into a truly magnificent woman, commenced an engagement at this theatre last night. Tee houso waß crowded, we are informed, and Mrs. Williams has wonderfully Improvod as an aotresa. It is said that Mr. Williams plays much as boforo —that is, more amusingly than artistically. This evening, we hope to seo them ourselves, and sco what we may seo. Dan Rice’s Great Show —Dan Rice's Great Show, at tbo National Theatre, is constantly gain ing favor with our community, and tho perform ances, from tho opening night, have been witnessed by large and respectable audiences, and deservedly too, for we know of no ono who is moro indefatiga ble in his efforts to pleaao than tho manager of that institution. Novelty after novelty is constantly produoed; the performances are varied nightly; accomplished artists have been added to what was at tho first a splendid troupe; and no prinshavo been spared to rendor it at once one of tho most de sirable and fashionable plaoes of amu3omentin tho city. Tho unequalled and daring Melville, the groat Australian horseman, last evening commenced the second week of his engagement, and by his dashing and spirited adtseno bare-backed steed, drew down tho applause of tho houso. The infant prodigy, littlo Drama Madlgan, astonished all by the grace and foarlcssness with which she perform ed the moat daring foats; while Master Jas. Madl gan, Mr. Kosston, Mrs. Dan Rice, and tho rest of the troupo, are unsurpassed in their several rules and combine such a company as baa rarely been equaliod at any establishment of a similar charac ter. Messrs. Murray and Holland are acknow ledged to bo the best acrobats in the country. Mr. Noyco nightly exhibits tho olephant nnd rhinoco ros, which havo been trained to perform various wonderful acts, and Mr. Dan Rice, by his iuex haustlblo store of wit and comicalities, Dover fails to delight his audience when exhibiting tho Guy ufiirutt3 (Kangaroo), his miniature pony (Awful Gardiner), and last, but not least, his oomic mules which certainly form one of the most attractive features ofj the exhibition. We ropeat, that this establishment is one of the most desirable places of Amusement in the city, and heartily oommend it to our readers in gesroh of a plaoe to spend a plea- i «ant evening. THE LATEST NEWS by Telegraph. Affhira at Charlestown. ] The dinrchci converted into Barroeki. Fifteen Hundred Hen Under Arm... FBBQCBNT ALARMS— CITIZENS FIRED AT, Preparation! for the Gxecntlon. TUE COUNTRY PATROLLED FOR TWENTY MILES Charlestown, Va., Nor. 2&—Evening.— On Sa turday and Sunday the town wai crowded with strangers and the military, and extensive prepara tions are making for the reception of the addi tional military now approaching. All theohurohes have been taken possession of to be used as bar racks. The sentinels are nightly firing at imaginary foes, and a number of cltiiens h&vo narrowly es caped their bullets. On Sunday night the military confidently ex pected an attack and the sentries were doubled, but no foes made their appearance. How they are expected to arrive is not stated, but. as the coun try is being patrolled for twenty miles around, it must bo by tho under-ground railroad. It is stated, on good authority, that Governor Wise hae'flont spies into Ohio and Pennsylvania, end that it is from their reports that large bodies of men are arming, and moving towards Virginia, that the military forces here are being so largely augmented. About 700 additional troops have arrived here since Saturday, including two companies from Wheeling, so that we have now about 1,500 military underarms. A letter from HantiDgdon county, Pennsylvania, states that bodies of armed men are moving towards Virginia across the North mountain, sup posed to bo on their way to Charlestown. These reports causo a constant panic. All is qniet to-day, and preparations are making for the erection of the gallows for the execution oT Drown. Washington, Nov. 28.—1 t is said that the War Department was to-day called on for ammunition with reference to affairs at Charlestown. Two Daya Later from California. , o m Overland Mail.) , “ T - Louis, Nov. 23.—Tho overland mail, with San Francisco advices to the 7th inst., arrived here , to-day, . 1 Tho Governor bad ordered an election to beheld on the 10th of December to fill a vacancy in tbe 1 State Benate. This election, it is anticipated, will ‘ be a very exeiting one, as it Involves the question 1 whether tbe Legislature shall grant the right to 1 construct bulkheads to protect the San Francisco ! harbor—a project involving tbe expenditure of five \ millions of dollars. 1 An association has been formed at San Francieoo (with the intention of embracing the whole State) t*r the purpose of excluding the .Chinese from all I employment, except of the lowest kind. I Business at San Francisco was stagnant. There had been no sales since the departure of the steam er on the sth. A despatch from San Francisco, dated Monday, I 6 o’clock P. M., overtook the mail at Gilroy. | It reports that trade opened fair for the first of the week, although the sales wore light. Bacon I (from Daring) 12(o.; Lgrd 13o.; June Butter 35c. Market quiet, and purchasers limited. I The ship Daring, from New Fork, arrived on the I sth instant, and the ship Endeavor, from tho same port, on the 6th. WHALING .INTELLIGENCE. I The whale ship Massachusetts, 31 dayfi from j Qchotsk, furnishes tho following report of the I whaling fleet to September 27tu: Tne Cambria J bad obtained 930 barrels of oil ; Francis Hen- I rietta, 600; Java, 700; Congress, 1,170; Wood, 1 400; General (lowland, 600; Fanny. 1,050; Cali | fornia, 400; Massachusetts, 600; Oritaba, 300; j Rapid, 000; J. D. Thompson, 400; Croaker, 700; I Reindeor, 850; James, 800; Wavelet, 600; Ohio, j 420 ; Levi Starbuck, 200; Theresa, 76; L. C. I Richmond, 300; Onward, 1.200; Scotland, 1,400 ; I St. George, 300; Othello. 350; Amerioa, 45Q; Flo- I rida, 500; Gideon Howland, 500; Camilla, 800; j Euphrates, 500; Ontario, 350; Elisa F. Mason, 3 1 whales. [The foregoing vessels are all of New I Brunswick.J I Arctic, of Falrhavcn, 800 barrels ; Brutus, of J Warren, 1,000 ; Delaware, of New London, 600; 1 Cincinnati, of Stonington, 600 ; Mary, of Nan- I tacket, 350; Northern Light, of Fair Haven, I 700; Alioo, of Cold Spring, 350 ; Tempest, of New j London, 400; Bowditch, of Warren, 800; Nudas, I of New Brunswick, 450; Hobomaok, of Falmouth, I 100; Espadon, of Havre, 200; Yille do Bens, of I Havre, 200; Cahaw, of Honolulu, 130. j The Massachusetts also furnishes the following 1 information: I On May 28th. Captain Palmer, of the bark I King Fisher, was carried down by a line attached ] to a wbalo and lost. j On August stb, Captain Waterman, of tbe bark | T. D. Thompson, died, and was buried on Elben | island. I On August 28tb, Captain Salmon, of the bark Mi j das, diea at Ayan. 1 Tho bark Phcenix, of Nantucket, (which was I missing last fall,) was lost at Elben island October 12. 1853. I The bark Ocean Wave, of New Bedford, which I has also been missing, was found on Pineless Kooks, | ten miles north of Elben island—nothing bos been I hoard from her crew. j Captain Handy, of tho bark Phcenix, in a letter I ‘o the San Francisco papers, Bays his vessel waa | driven ashore during a heavy gale, and aooa went I*o pieces. He and bis crew were washed on the I'Bland, and were taken off by the Massachusetts I last spring. He will return home by the next I steamer. j Tbe Ocean Wave was wrecked in tbe same gale, I and there ia but little doubt that tbe whole crew 1 perished. Later from Havana. ARRIVAL OF THE XEV GOVERNOR GENERAL. Charleston, Nov. 23.-—The steamship Isabel has arrived from Havana. The Marquis Serrano, tbe new Governor Gene ral arrived oq the 24th inst., and way received by a grand demonstration. He had been sworn in and entered up on the duties of bis office. The steamer Moeea Taylor was «t Havana when (he Isabel sailed. The sugar market was firm at an adranosofi per arrobe. The stock at Havana andMataszas was 79,000 boxes, against 00.000 at the same time last year. Tho shio Heidelberg had reached Key West. The ship Charles Crocker had bilged ; of her cargo 2125 hales of cotton had been saved. The cargoes of the Eliza Mallory and Mary Coe have been par tially saved. From the brig North no cotton has been saved as yet. Schooner William Neweomb had arrived at Key West, with the remainder of the cargo of the wrecked brig Margaret. Freights at Havana were depressed, owing to the unusual amount of tonnage in port Exchanges show an advancing tendency. Ster ling is quoted At 15Ja16 ; sixty uay bills on New York3jai; bills on New Orleans, short time, 5a6 premium; Mexican dollars 9 premium. Occasional, Washington Affairs. Washinoton, Nov. 28. —According to private advices tbe United States steamer Wabash wai to have left Genoa for Gibraltar on the Tthdost., and is expected to arrive at New York about the 10th of Decembor. The members of Congress now here strongly ob ject to the new arrangement for seating the mem* bore of the House. Chief Engineer Everett has been ordorod to the eloop-of-war Iroquois. General Jeeup is still, as he has been for several monthe, incapacitated by sickness from attending to pnblic duties. Non-Arrival of the North Briton. Portland, Nov. 28 —IH o>cfock P. M. — Tho stoamshlp ft orth Briton, now due here, with Liver pool dates to tbe 16th inst., has not vet been sig nalled below. . The Southern Pacific Railroad. Wn THOMSON SECURED AS ITS PRESIDENT. Louisvillb, Nov. 28.— The remaining three fifths of the subscription of $250,000 has been rai'ed here for the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad. This secures the acceptance of J. Edgar Thomson as the imme diate extension of the road. Execution in Utah Territory. 6t. Louis, Nov. 23.—The Utah mail has arrived with dates to the 3d inst. They contain accounts : of tho execution of Thomas H. Ferguson for the murder of Alexander Ferguson. This U the first judicial execution that has ever taken plaoe in the Territory. Election in Hartford, Conn. Hartford, Nov. 29.— At the annual election to day for town clerk and selectmen, the Republican candidates were elected by majorities ranging from 50 to 500. Late from Denver City. St. Louis, Nov. 23 —Tbe express from Denver City, with dates to the 17th insk., and treasure amounting to $0 000, reached Leavenworth City on the 25th inst. The Provisional Government of Jefferson Terri tory was working harmoniously. The Legislature whs engaged in perfecting a code of laws and con certing measures to raise a revenue to oarry on the Government. Mining operations continue to bo prosecuted to & considerable extent, the weather having been more favorable than was anticipated. Ohio Democratic Convention. Cleveland. Nov. 23 —The election for dele gates to the Democratic Convention, in Cuyahoga county, resulted in the election of 123 Douglas and 10 Buchanan men. Colleotor Park and Mr. Green, United States clerk, voted for the Douglas can didates. Mr Johnson, United States marshal, was voto< down in his own ward. • Funeral of Judge Loe. Baltimore, Ntv. 23—The funeral of tho late Judge Leo took place to-day, and was attended by a largo concourse of citizens. The Wreck of the Indian. ADDITIONAL NAMES OF THE LOST. Rr. Johns, N. 8., Nov 23.— The following steer age passengers of the steamer Indian aro known to be among the lost, in addition to the list already published : Alexander Deace, Thomas M. Cleve houße, and Win. Johnson. New York Hank Statement. New \ouk, Nov. 23. —The hank statement for the week ending on Saturday shows— Decrease of loans $97 o<X> Decrease of specie 11.000 Decrease of circulation 12,000 Tbe decrease in the specie does not include the remittance by tho steamer Baltic. From Brownsville* Naw Orleans, Nov. 23 —Dates from Browns vilte to the 20th instant have been received. Lien tenant 1 cunison, of the revenue cutter Dodge, says that the force now guarding Brownsville consisted of 292. No attack had been made by Cortinas. Decision of on important Sait, Chicago, Nov. 28.— The case of George C. Bates against tbo Illinois Central Railroad, which has been on trial in the United States Court for the past fortnight, involving the right of the defend ants to their valuable depot property in this city, was decided to-day In favor of the oompany. This is the second time the oase has been tried with the same result. The Gale on take Crie^ . -PPj't* o ' r - J 8 -—No (oases have been r«. ported 'ofvetseis'dorlng thw laU giH onXake * Erie, with the.exception of the schooner W. H. Craig, which went on'the breakwater this morn ing. Her cargo consisted of 16,000 bushels of wheat. Ths Louisiana Sugar Crop. Nbw Orleans, Nov. 28.—The sugar planters in the vicinity of Baton Rouge state that tbe sugar crop will be but little over naif of tbe yield of last year. Arrival of the Empire City. New Yore, Not. 28.—The steamship Empire City has arrived, with Havana dates to the 23d inst. Her advices ere not os late as received via Charleston and New Orleans. Arrival of the Hoses Taylor. New Orleans. Nov. 28.—The steamship Moses Ttylor bos arrived, with San Francisco dales to the stb and Havana to Hie 25th Inst. The sugar market was excited, and holders de manded 9s9(c. CITY ITEMS. Letter from James Spear, IN BEFLT TO HEXRT HOW BON, ATTORNEY FOR STrART a PETERSON. Ms Editor: Although scarcely worth the powder, you will please permit me to say a few words ia reply to the ponderous document which appeared in your popu lar and impartial journal of the 23d instant, over the sig nature of “Henry Howson, Attorney for Stuart > Peterson.” ft will be remembered that a few daya pre vious to that, you published a latter fromme, inwhieh the whole truth of the matter m question was distinctly stated. The community regarded that statement as un answerable, and the milk-and-water attempt vhieh has bees since made to answer it, proves that tbe eommm nity was right. One thing, nevertheless, was accom plished by this labored reply; ft afforded Mr. Howson what, perhaps, he has never hod before, and, for his own sake, should never be allowed to .have again, vis: An opportunity of trying his hand at authorship. If I was a critic, I should pronounce his letter of tbe 23d instant a weak mess of paragraphic porridge, seasoned with the cheapest of all condiments—bad temper. StiH. I. who, ia the estimation of my ** Cooking Stove” author, am a “ Choctaw Indian,” ought per haps, not be so presumptuous as to criticise so profound a judge of M treatises on metaphysics.” (Bee hu letter of the 33d.] In the first place, this erudite writer about ** Storae and “ metaphysics ” presumes that the letter of the 15th was not trriffn* by Spear, but by his attorney * adding, *' hence the propriety of Messrs. Btuart k Pe terson assigning to fAct> attorney the duty of framing a reply after which he goes on to eoapare letters of mine which be hod seen in MS., with my letter of the 15th inst., and makes the felicitous ” Choctaw ndian” allusion above referred to. I should, of eouree. not condescend to notice this twaddle, were it not for the purpose of exonerating my attorney from any su.-h im putation. My attorney did nor write tie letter in ques tion, nor has he ever written a Utter for me of any : kind. I may also state. Is this connection, for the bene fit of Messrs. Stuart k Peterson, that I invariably w *tte my cwn Utters, and for their own credit would advise them, in future, to foilov my example in this particular. 1 shall now proceed briefly, not to refute anythinr contained in Hr. Howson’s letter particularly, for there is nothing in it to refute, except what every intelligent reader of my former letter w«Q knows was therein fully met. "What I have cow tossy is, therefore, not so much with the view of counteracting wrong impressions mode by my legal assailant's metaphysical treatise cm states, as to bring more prominently before tbe public the great merits of the stove In question; &l*o to show more fully that it is the knowUdgt ef these merits that has provoked the rivalry, against which I have been com pelled to contend'rather than be deprived of my right*; and moreover to prove that the attempts that have been made t» mislead the public by swaggering “ cannons” and sinister threats, instead of having a particle of foun dation in truth, are frivoloustfabrieations, which,*as true to my own interests and the pablio, I KonwA to ex pose. The grounds taken by my opponents are that, having purchased what ia termed the “ Chollar patent”—an article which was patented some ten years ago, and which v|» subsequently virtually abandoned—l. who nine yeiti later iureuted*a cross-piece, ns differ ent in its strueture and functions from the ** Chollar” shell as a locomotive isfiom a common cart, have there fore qo right to manufacture ray patent Centre-puct, perforated on {Ac under tide. To go into all the min ole .details of this affair would place my enterprising rivals in really a more ridiculous position than 1 have any de sire to, unless they compel me todoso by pereietrac in inflicting upon the pab’ic such insipid doses of “store as that perpetrated bythe legal giant (O, shades of Cicero!] who writes their letters. In reference to the two patents, referred to, l beg the reader to understand that my “ locomotive and cart ” figure is not an unmeaning one. Both these are articles of locomotion, and both move on wheels! and had my assailants had their eye-teeth cut when the locomotive waa invented, they would probably have ransacked the records for the patent of s cert, then given forth to the world is great cautioning cards that the Locomotive was a tremendous infringement upon the patent cart which they had “purchased for a sent of money}* The trifling addition of the epphrattoa of steam would, of course, have amounted to nothing at all; just as my perforating the Boilow Oetres amounts to nothing in the eyes of Etuart k Peterson, because, forsooth, they happened to procure tbe cart of Chol laris patenting ! The idea of comparing the ” Cboilar patent ” with my invention is sheer nonsense, as I distinctly proved in my farmer letter, end I am fair persuaded that if the right to manafsetare my potent oould have been extorted me.leirtewt paying for it, as other honorable hooepe have dose, the M CboUar patent” would nener have been evok'd from the oblivion into which it fell immediately after its birth. All who are desirous of obtaining further information upon the subject can be lolly ratified by calling at my warerootns asd tews paring the two. Thi« patent, upon which (am now accused of infringing, was ia the Patent Office nearly tea yean before my patent waa applied for. My appßcatloo was not then regarded as an infringement at all by the Commissioner, whose doty it is to examine all claim* with reference to this fact; nor was each infrineemeut ever dreamed of util my competitors discovered that my uventfon, on ac count of it* great superiority over all other stores ia the marie*, was growing Into universal fkror. New. for sn establishment which bouts of “ being the room ex tensive in the United States, asd the owners of mere patents than any similar firm ia the Union,” soeh envious proceedings towards a poo? ** orange wrasaa on Iks wharf* fas, in bis choice rhetoric. Howson is pleased to designate my establishment) trill strike the public as showing sn undue greediness to beg more than its share, to say the least. I hire repeat, once for all. that all I have ever claimed for my popular invention of the adjustable hollow front and middle centre-piece, perforated on the underside, either orcr my own signature, or verbally in the pre sence of others, is stbictlt tecs, sad is known to be so by those who are using the most violent efforts to sire the public a different imprecuon. As lor the brag gadocio aboat “calculating the damages for infringe ment.” it ia a weapon which more than defeats i tor If in the acknowledgment that ” Stuart f Peterson are now maifk/arttfrinf and seeding to all parts of ft* Unto*” articles which they have no right to make asd tell without paying tee for the privilege. That the reader may better uederatotid is what my improvement in cooking stores consists, I append the following extract from the schedule: 44 Mr improvements relate to the mesas by wh-ch minute jets of heated air are introduced at pleasure into oookinr stoves or ranges, immediately above the icmted fuel, for the purpose of a'diar tbe ooaremoa into Same of the greater portion of tbe xaeeoo * pro itjotsof combustion, which would otherwise past off through the flues without beisy consumed. 4 * I effect the above ehyeetia the present instance by a hollow centre-piece formed with a perforated bottom pioce. with opening s couacctiox with the externa! air, ftilmittmx a current of air to pass through the eeatre piece, escaping through the perforations oa the wader side, aud miliar with sod causing tie unities of tbe rases, the flame from which, passing through the flues, heats the oven, or other portions of with which it comes ic contact, much more Quickly, and pro duces a crester amount of heat from a liven quantity of fuel. The above described construction his the ad ditional advantage of jrrearfientug the centre-piece, and protecting it from the destructive effects of exces sive beat by the non-eendactive property of the air contained therein. • • • . ** What I claim as my invention,wnd desire to secure by letters patent of tbe United States, isthe Hollow Ctntre-pieee, tehtn committed %eitk the hot-air tube, and construct* l in the manner and Jar the purposes set forth.'* Thu application wse granted April 13th. ISS: sad now. if those who are interested in the matter will take the trouble of examining the ** CheUar Patent," -grant ed mac year* before, they will tea at a glance that there exist* even lea eiailintj between the two than be tween the productions of a '* Choctaw Indian" and the metaphysical writer on yas-cousunung cooking stoves employed hr Meare. £tuart ami Peterson to write their letters. That they have, without proper authority, at ticbed my gas fourtrsnutr pat*nt to some of tbeir etoves, it true by tbeir own confession, and I promise them that if they will mtrodnee this invaluable attachment to at least car of their employees, I shall not include it in my bill for infrin;emont. as. in that event, hie next attempt at aathorship woo Id undoubtedly be much left gaseous. I will merely state, ineocclniion.that all this jealousy about " mfnneement” viU sot affect the /art that the improvement of mine shove referred to must, from its intrinsic merits, ere long he used by a'l intelligent housekeepers, and Mr. David Stuart, of the firm of Stu art & Peterson, was no doubt convinced of this Then he called to examine my Gas-burning Cooking Sieve Uat wmterwith the vievof et-tataiag 'he right to ma nufacture them. Other firms w«rt similarly convinced, and honorably paid for this right; but instead of tbs, finding that I would not me them this right without a consideration, Messrs. Stuart k Peterson have raked up the “ Cbollar patent’* in order to compel os to submit to a wrong by litigation. This herculean effort on their part is. of coarse, one of the most ng nificant tributes to the merits of my invention, and in that respect will do no harm. W ith regard to the fling that I am ’* a stranger in our community,” permit mo to say thit.akhoeth not a self constituted critic of “treatises on metaphy sics,” I was bora in Penns? Irani a. and have Tor the last ten tears resided in this citj Yours respectfully, J*xw SrxtK, No. 111$ Market street. Phil oelfiiu. Nor. 13.1359. u Agrariasl'u.”—This will be the robjectofa teetore to be deliver*} at Concert “all on Thursday evening next, by Hon. John P. Hale, being the seventh of the courA before the People's Literary Institute. thi« season. A* Mr. Hale will be ihe first United St nes Senator on the programme, and moreover, as hi* ta lent* as a popular orator have gamed for h.m a wide re putation, the occasion is likely to be a characteristic success for the society. A crowded audience may safely be rredioteJ. Noah’s Ark—A Model BHir.—The largest ocean steamship* now plying on the Atlantio hear pre cisely the proportion* in length, breadth, and depth, that are recorded concerning Noah's Art The dimen sions of the Atlantia steamers are: length,322 feet; brtsdth of beam, 60 feet; depth, St l * feet. The dimen sion* of the Ark-were: length, SCO cnhtts; breadth. 60 cubits; depth,3ocubit*. The Art themfore, was near ly twice the size, in length and breadth, of these res sels-the cubit l*ing twenty-two inches. Both hjd upper, lower, and middle gtorie*. AAer.ail tie improve ment of forty-rvo centuries, which have elapsed since the Deluge, the lhip-baiJOer* hare to return to the model afforded by Noah’* Ark. Not so the tailors, how ever, as any one can see who ssrreys the beautiful new titles of clothing gotten up by B. H. Eldridge Jt Co., at the “ Continental,” Northeast corner Chestnut and Eighth streets. Ax Interesting LECTinE.—Horace Greelej is oneofthefewmeamthiscoontryitlMt Lever approach any subject without treating it m a most orizinalard entertaining manner. His views on the state of rociety in Europe, daring hie travels there, have nerer been eaualleu for truth, beauty, and fertility of UlostratioD. We all remember how his account of his fate California trip was read, from week to week, as ho despatched bis bulletins to the East. He has written an entirely new lecture, containing the cream of hie observations, and will deliver it on Friday evening, before the Harrison Literary Institute. We are mistaken in the people of Philadelphia, and Mr. Greeley's powers, if he does not draw the largest house of the season. Choice Pcrb Tea.—John B. Lore, Teh Ware house, Seventh sod Brown. Givixg axd Kecbivixo —la the anntomj oftbe hand we find that the muscle by which We shut it it ranch stronger than the one by which we open it; and
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers