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'-" ' ' ;.''' , - : -.. '-','-t-1",,'"',:.-'•o*-..1-t-ITI, •,''' -,- .-t "'".:;,1- . - ' l ' ','-".."''. ' - '."-.." * ; , 7,..: , -'' . - "' t" '- ."- t - - . r> '''' , ",' - ,','-',''''t,:i - 4 0 - ...t..""' •"" ..- - --, :I- -' Vell ~ S {'.: Y ."~ EME - - , EWE J~. v +~ :~V T pit .~`: .rte. .„, . _- a, •.• . si.*''_*94o.t - t0w,,....0%1Y-4, : L. NADPNR, =MI AND 191DONXIMOR P.ITTSWURGI-lis SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 22, 1848 VOICE OF ALLEGHENY COVNTYI FOR PRESIDENT, JAMES BUCHANAN, Subject to the decision of the Nat tonal Convention W._ CAnn, United States Newspaper un Buildings. N. E. corner of Third, and 440 N. Fourth street—is ourj on 13; 'au gent in '.Phiftidelphia. _ Agency, Dock, an, 1 . 'thorised • tegraphiii? Ileepatehes, see next I Wor T Pap. .lifunial Alfa b of England ak occasion, tome weeks since, to ali tle financial condition of Great Britain ; •I , z time, gave expression to our opini in, Principal cause of the late - commercial • In that kingd6m, had originated in the immense lrailroad speculations, which have been embarked in, within the last few years., We alio •expressed the belief, that the end of these disas • ten ha d !riot yet comet. and, that no hirer= fore sight could at present Discern the conseqnences, that mitt result from! the present condition of that con try. Every thing of momei t, connect ed with the mercantile affaits of England, is terestingito is She is our greatest purchaser, ' and from her we obtaid' by far the greater portibn of our kinported articles. We therefore again refer to is subject, ir6arder to lay before our • readers slime sound and sensible observations upon • • it, which recently appeared in the New Orleans Commercial Review. At the y ' time when we wrote, we were compell ed to draw all our inferences, from our recollec tion of like immense amount necessary to carry allure vinous railroadli commenced in England; and we could not, therefore, enter into the subject as fully we desired Ito do ; but our inferen'ces and conclusions were the same as those of the . ..! writer irom whom we extract . and, in giving portion 4f his article, we are only putting it in the power of every reader, to see the most certain process,lby which any one would be likely to:ar rive at the same conclUsion Thelpopular mania in England in 1844, 45, and '46,l was Itil•a speculation. The remark able success of the 4.t.erpoul and Manche4ter Railway, made in,18: 1 0 t had, up to 1845, Induce„ similar tinder - taking , . ii•vok ari expenditure-of seventy five millions sterling. Ali, or nearly all, of the Railways made , liiring ti;:, period of of teen yet, proved to be good investments. They I had abs rind for their completion suite ti,e mil lions annually of the Capital of the country ; and it is gilt reasonable to suppose th,t sum formed but a p4rt of the profits realized from toreign corn- MerCe dining the same period; consequently, no derangement of the monetary affairs of the coun try was occasioned. "But in 1844, '45, and '46, the effects of these • successful investments of capital were sufficiently manifested to create alarm in the minds of intel ligent men in England. Parliament was, during these years, inundated with petitions for Railway charters, involving outlays of capital to the ex tent of hundreds of millions of pounds sterling. 4 was popular to grant them, as it as popular tin this country, from 1832 to 1637, to enact - Bank charters by crir State Legislatures. •if one will imagine all the applications for Bank char ters during that per.r , ! to have been made to one legislative body, he n• y form some idea of the British Parliament. in the years 1844,'45 and '46. - Sir Robert Peel, during nearly all this eventful 'period, so ts the ma.ter spirit, whose word was law.' Hence he is, to a great extent, responsible for th , consequences which are following the im prudent legislation of :hose years. To 'oppose the importunities of railway pro jectors, would have been to jeopard place and power. nix thousand miles of railway were authorized to be constructed on that little island during , those three yeirs; the average cost of which per mile, was estimated at £35,000, in vol v • int an expenditure of over two hundred millions of pounds! It . was intended that they should be completed in from three to five years. Adopting the lcingest as the average time of their comp's. tion, it would require forty millions annually, or 5200,00,000 far these investments. The amount thus expended during the year ending on the Ist October last, was £41,500,000. "Maw, assuredly it requires but a very limited _ knowledge of Political Economy, to perceive at a glance that an annual diversion of capital, from the ordinary channels in which it had been em ployed, to an extent exceeding the total amount of the coin of a country, must cause an extraordi• nary derangament of those interests, to sustain which! it h ill been previously used. • "The Government was not unadvised of these inevitable consequences. Prudent men, in. and out of Parliament, warned them in vain of the threatened danger; but it seems that even the Di rectors of the Bank of England remained in a state Of somnolency, and saw not the dark cloud which portended the devastating storm until the tempest aroused them. "Al writer in the Edinburgh Rectetc, in 1846 • 'thus alludes to this subject: appears that there are now in progress, and sanctioned by Parliament, 5800 miles of Railway, to complete which, and bring them into operation, will absorb at least two hundred millions of pounds.-- Mose,of the companies promise the completion of their enterprises in three years, but, allowing far enginierin . g casualties and urforseen causes ofde lay, there Is no reason to suppose any of them will _ require over five years, assuming, of course, that the necessary capital and labor will be forthcoming The annual capital, therefore, necessary to effect thisovill be £40,000,000. Such is the sum which must be taken yearly from the surplus savings of Brithdi industry for the next five years if these pro jects are realized. There if no escape front this as founding inference. We say nothing ofthe amount ' of British capital. promised to foreign Railwnys, which, however, is not inconsiderable. • “These who are beet acquainted with the public finanees, and the laws which regulate money and labor!, regard the consequences of such a yearly de mand with serious apprehensions." "That the crisis so clearly predicted has occur . , red sooner than it otherwise would, the causes be ing aggravated by the partial failure of the grain • crop', and almost total loss of that of the potato, in . 1846, cannot •be questioned; yet it was unavoid• able... The deficiency of food rendered necessary the exportation of about two millions sterling of ' coin; which was equal to about one fourth of the whole metallic basis of the currency. This alone ,•• was sufficient to create great commercial diitress. I • The exportation of a similar proportion of the' speCie now in the United States, within the same peribd, would probably cause a suspension of ape . cis payments by more than half the Banks of the. .Union, including neatly all those of New York and' New -England, whose cash liabilitie so very far exceed their specie. It is true, legislators have passed laws making a suspension of, specie payments highly penal, While at tbiesiame time they sanction and encour 11 age , Ifirle . CcurreScy of paper and coip, in the eroportiiitaif three to one, yet it is certain that ' - -vi paper currency so constituted may at times, consequences 'beyond the cow : rote the issuers, ,•come•inconvertible! • Thus, if it were necessary or us to import thirty millions of dollars of food • merchandize in one year more than usual, and ' 5 :-.-; s4 there were no corresponding increase oflhe ex 'ports, the . diferenee must be paid in coin in such ease the danger of suspension would.be imminent., -• • • • * • a • xiThe withdrawal, then, of so large an amount - of capital from -trade and manufactures for the' _ construction of railways, is the ltnmediate and - overwhelming cause of the present financial crisis in Engfand--the severity of which is the greater, *OM, the' effect, of the other causes alluded to. ' question naturally presents-, itself, when will this crisis .end's It is cleat' 'the - cabse malt first cease: the erfilWary . etrpenditures Om he ar. rested; or thine-works must lie . tomplited by , the aid of Government, by means of which tbe surplus capital of other countries: ney be ohtained. Oh jectionahle in many respects-42 , inch a measure vert to Cal ` l and, at that the disasters . , ' • ,-; , , 12, , _ • .;;;„4,,;,,.-^,lt',v=,^iNf. may appear, it cannot be: :•ided without prod c• Mg evils of alartningy,M4bitude,' including the suspension of•tidti'peStne*ta by the Bank of England. 11 N.. • Efforts to arrest the reitWay expenditu res have so:far:proved unavailing mend it does not seem probable that those work. gati.6e arrested, so long as the necessary capital 41,n, by any means, be °bullied, It appears 311011;that the merchants of Liverpool have recently; Oplied to Government for a relaxation of the restrtetions on the circula. titan of the Bank of Englatid, and for such relief a, was granted to the merchitts of London in 1793 —namely, by the Goverl4int advancing to corn mercial houses, on goodisess l ority, some five ons of ; pounds, Exchequer •••• • • • • • • • The advance of such a Stun' would be but equal to six weeks' railway investments, after which . alurther advance of ex chequer bills would prooal4y again be necessary. Those itecitrities are now ay, a discount, and there is reason to apprehend a. dkficiency in the annual revenue of the Kingdom; of over £5,000,000 " his also proposed,:b4some, that gold shall cease to be a measuie of •,,,l/Calue and medium of doinestic• exchange, and' that Government notes shall be substituted. leagues are being formed, to carry this pri:os:t iuto effect. If they ' sn~teed. it will inevitably,flead to repudiation of ' publielind private debts,: to, an extent equal to the depreciation of such a lsutrititute —which would necessarily be very great. :r " The Government may*ell consider, before it ventures to act on the varillua plans of relief Hug seated. On the other hantl':if such relief be grant ed, it can be 'but tempoinir:V—inasmuch as what ever lessens the pressure :Of the money market, will facilitate the inveOnftent of capital in rail ways, and thereby augment the evil it would seek to alleviate. "On the other hand, if nip relief be granted, and these troubles be left to stork their own cure, the failure of Ranks, Bankers4Merchairts and Minusl factures, will continue,;tuntil few will be left i standing ; hundreds of : tquisands of persons de.l pendant on their daily labOr for their subsistence, will be deprr.ed of wOrk:i and social evil!, of tallith, in this country, Wei - can form but a feeble conception, afflict :flits land, and perhaps en danger the stability of thkGovernment itself." From the vie‘ss litre prelgented, it can be cilear- I ly seen, that a reli.i.ice 11 . 4 been bad in England, upon that is hie!, aas so ititplicitly relied upon in uor own rrior ronfi)leure is r'eck nrcll,i y all mere speculators , ilettir in Ltirop.. or I,Nmerica, as a sufficient rund t inn, upon %, }limn trifrommence any underta king, however tno:nentoA. It seems not to be undersiood, that :11311k - 'cannot procure bread, and the other ilea•er,,sari'es: of life, by the simple exercise of rontnlence4 :that confidence ail not gise a term to the sill - 4es' mass of metal, the 'silken %lire of cotton, or !be unhewn timber : unit it will not dig, toe and ore from the bow els of tne earth, or make " two blades of ,grass gross where but one gre* before." The Imere speculator knows. that the l ionly true confidence is that which is based upon Ole hard earnings Of la boi„Fchi:h is of right entir i le I to mos Er; unO that money is sturcatrx—notilts mere representative. And while the honest lal+er. the merhanid, the artisan, and the farmer, art .: totling to obtain money, the.ipeculator is toiling tialmpress each with Mt fidelare in that is hich is Tit rely its representatice ; and a very unfaithful one,ltoo, when TITRE& proms_ ises to pay, take the place I fif ONE real dollar,. • Id continuing his ape:cut:talons under this:head, the writer touches upon t4 l e importance att a ched, by English writers, to tlickr,government securities; and, in a very ',Her mariner, he shows how unsafe such a reliance may easil)llbecome: "Most, If not all Englisbc writers on this subject, are influenced to a singu)aildea ' ree by the peculiar condition of the capital :and currency ut their country. In treating ol l , , principles, this often leads them into remarka,bl4:inconsistencies. Thus, they always speak of theet Government securities as the equivalent of gofsl-ic' s 'as the basis of the cir culation of !lank noies;!!anil yet within three years these sect has;' diminished in value over eight hundred a 'Uatii;of dollars ! and all the world knows that a ppleical revolution ' , would probably annihilate the'ssitole.' But these inconsisten'ci4 are not pt.cullar to Great Britain. The corAlilion of affairs uio the banking system of the Bta ; te of New York,proves that, in our country, no:I4S reliance has been pla! ced upon these public leso.ities ; and that, with 119, the same inconsisteticyds but too extensively supported. Had Engli6di t (even though theta in• ing a rotten paper tnon'ey kaystem,) confided her speculators within Rre riMits heretofore assigned to them, she might have i escaped touch of the diffi cul ty under w inch she is otixa laboring ; but vihile the voice of the mere sp4ulutor is more, potent than that of the honest '4llucer, such a state of things as now prevails in!ht midst, must continne to be of pe riodicnl occurrebce. We think, however, ,thae; possibly, a brighter day may yet dawn upriin ter producing , classes. There has been a temporai. abandonment of the commercial restrictionk 313 lung burtherring her population and an u!ntiing champion in the cause of her oppressed 'Opqati‘es, is steadily pre senting to them facts, CAICUIJted to awaken them to a sense of their trueleon t ilition, audio the asser tion of their rights. In: apcent letter, Mr. Con- DEN, (who has been ttni,intin instrument in effect ing a temporary change Ore corn laws,) expresses his determination to go a i rward and try to effect a change in the British iimit:ency. Ile says : nlt is high time that Atte currency question should be taken top in '7liel'isnine resolute spirit as, that of the corn laws, until:aged On parliament in (he same powerful and peisOering tray. Now that restrictions on corn have! been removed, why should they remain on ilprre,,cy Free trade surely means tree trade, Olt in one branch only, but in every braceri. - :`' And the London 'I - ICralo, though not il:sposed fully to sustain Mr. COMleii until his plan shall have been developed, sa'solhat, in attacking th^„ present currency systeiri, h 8 attacks that which is essentially false, hollow, titiinincipled, and unsound If he assails it with vigOrift.will fall, and its fall will be his establishmeni ali s it statesman." It also says : We are ready to join , with any party to abolish the present system. Sat use want no more freaks or experiments. A bank.w,g'ich issues £29,000,000 one October, an I only .1:46)00,00) nev t October, may suit the purposes ot Mr. Jones Loyd, and other millionaires, seeking to make. IQ or I 2 per cent. by their money ; btir tithe poor denizens of the pool will cry out:Avijh one voice, what is sport to you is death tows!'," Thus we see that, even ill monarchical England, the paper money systein,- ? ,one of the most rotten devices of corrupt spei;i4tion,—lb at least totter. ing, if not falling And 4all we not learn a lee son, from our own eXprience during the last thirty years, and from thesnore recent events in England; which shalle.' al to the total overthrow of a scheme so iniquitpus as that tolerated amongst us? We will IFot question the intelli• genes of our countrymen, ;iy entertaining a doubt upon the subject. Weltriw that a paper circula tien must be toleratedi; t4' some extent, in com mercial transactions; !bilk; we want to see that circulation based uponi!bo,Ml fide transactions, and be the representative littiebt, and not of a credit 0 - • The Report of; tfia Commissioner of the General Land Office, ,ilisllsubmitted to Congress, shows, that during the i yttir 1846, 2,273,730 acres of the public lands wereLsold, amounting to $2,- 004,037 and ip the first,',second, and third quer. ten of they pleura yea 4, 1,330,023 acres have been sold, producing $0,386,342. =Mai MIZE! =ffl== The people of Ohio elect Governor on the sec tind Tuesday of October nett. Each party has its coneidatesalready in the pjeDeinitieracy, with the g reatest unanimity, Ooniin4tect Ccil:Joun B. Witictn, of Butler county, formirly i member of Congress from that District , and recently in the service of .his countrY, in the warwith Mexico. Col. Waccsn is a gentleman of brilliant intellec. tual piawers—of correct business habits—amiable Et hie manners—and of much personal popularity. The Democracy will rally around \him with the utmost cordiality.'Scanner Font), ri fourth.rate lawyer, of Geauga county, is the nominee of the Federal party. Col. Cucuta, or Steubenville, was his competitor for the nomination ; but, un• fortunately for the Cslonel, he belongs to that class of whigs, who believe that their country is tnga ged in a just and necessary war, which was tuff'. dent to call down upon his head the vengeance acid opposition of hie party. Mr. PORD is a Mexi can Federalist, of the Cons in stamp ; and his trea sonable opposition to the war, was!, no doubt, the true secret of his success over Cucuta. We cal culee upon the election of Col. Wxccs.a, the ; Democratic candidate, over his Federal rival, *ith positive certainty. It would Le ash nme and dis grace for Ohio to elevate such a malt as Scannas. FORD to the Gubernatorial chair. 1.. 1 1 • I I' I !II II 1 4 :4' MEIN Indiana Convention. We have seen an article, in de veral papers, stating that the State Convention,, which met at Indianapolis, on the Sth instant, had nominated Gen. CASS for the Presidency, by an almost unan• mans vote--only two voting against the nomina tion This, we thank, must be a mistake: We have carefully examined the proceedings of the Convention, as contained in the State Sentinel, and find no recommendation of any one, for that office. embodied in the proceedings, The follow ing resolution is the only expression we observe in the proceedings in / reference to the Presidency : Resolved, That we approve of the proposed na tional convention, to be held for the nomination of a democratic candidate for the Presidency and Vice Presidency; and of the proposition th.it it be held at Cincinnati, on the 4th day of . I ,4iy next ; and that we will give to the nominee of the con vention, our zealous and undivided introit. Voice of the People—Democratic Gel croon. From the recent election returns, say, the Bal timore Republican, it will be observed, that the Democracy are greatly in the ascendant. There are now 2t States, out of which the Democracy have elected 20, and the Whigs 0 Governors. Wisconsin will add another to the dominant party. Does not this prove, th -ge majority of the people are Democratic ' list helots will show what we have stated 4 " . 4 rect a Democratic. !nig. Maine, ont, New Hampshire, , achusette, New Jersey, kb , .de Island, Pennsylvania, ct.necticut, Delaware, S. c York, Maryland, N c. th Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, South Carolina, ii:ertucky, Georgia, Alabama, M ississippi, Louisiana, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Florida, Texas, to ,V 3-20 air. Buchanan In Lancaster. The I ancaster Intelitgencer, in 'torrecting the Lycoming Gazet.e, to its erroneous classification of the Delegat‘s sprormed in that county, says: "Lancaster coo t.. entitled to only six delegates in the State I •:-• not seven. They were chosen in 5e;...-itbr , tatt, by the convention that formed the coo i 7 Lt, when the question of the next Preside. , at been agitated at any of the primer . ) n-•,. t• and when it was not sup• posed that , •t• would devolve any other duty than tl.r r3mination of a Canal Coln missuner. Ii U.e ettates to the 4th of March convention w.. , t •,, he in s en no , o , on the pr si. dential issue, su 'e , deti is the attachment of tile Democracy of Ls;.. as er county to James Buchan an, that we hcga.d 'thing by the declaration, that an overwhelm og majority would proclaim in his frivol. Under sly circumstances, however, we are gratified to h ece it in our power to assure distant friends that at least Timm of the delegates are the decided "ti ff.:T..l'sor Mr. Buchanan, know. ing, as they d • ‘..at r , ,ey the?eby faithfnlly reflect the opinions .• I)..tnocracy, whom this pure and able State r ,,, ), served so long and so Well. If proper respe-• , ,l to those opinions, we are not without II dso, that the entire delega, tion will appr , .a. , . • propriety'of not separat ing from the , 0. , . ~ ,cy of the rest of the State, on a question .1, shave all others, should be decided thspa" and with Strict deference o the populai ,t singtiliir Coincidence. Upon taking in the House oT Represen tatives of the Uni!,,i , tates, on Hudson's resolu lion ,to withdi our army from Mexico, there were found to be ;nit tarty one patriotii Whigit, in favor of the in t. mons proposition. This is the exact number of the tr.ttnrs to their country, who were hung in Mexico, at the moment when the glorious strip«s and stars" waved over ChtirW. bunco! Br.nroan —The proceedings of the Bedford ( ounty Deltio( , -atic Meeting were received too late last e% cuing for publication in this morn ing's paper. They will appear on Monday. The proceedings were sent . in manuscript to Cot Me CAteoLess, by the Secretary of the meeting, witlk a request to Live them published in the Post, as the Editor of the Bedford Gazette declined giving them a place in his columns. We supposed Gen. BOWMAN was more magnanimous than that! The meeting passed strong resolutions in favor of Mr. BCCILAN AN for the presidenoy. Pat DELYMA Coy NTT.—The Democratic Con. vention for Philadelphia county, met on Monda y afternoon, and elected the following named gentle. men delegates to the Harrisburg Convention. Wm. J. Crane, Ellis B. Schnabel, E. A:Penniman, Hugh Clark, Charles J. Burns; John' Kline, John A. Ben der, John Stalham, Anthony Felton, Joseph Smith and Jacob Solider. These gentlemen are al ' instructed to favor the election of the Hon. George M. Dallas for the Presidency. CHKERIXO Sir FROM Gsortors..—The election for county officers took plice on Monday, 3d inst., and resulted in the success of the entire democrat ic ticket. The former incumbents were Whig* crlcTaylor meeting is called at Wheeling, Va. Why don't the five Taylor men of this city call a meeting, also? It would.be an enthusiasti affair! • • L t y f Y I. ~_ ~: ~. :;:~; From the ataimomi Boquirer. SHE POST vAST ER GENERAL AND POST VICE DEPAATAIgpiT. The Post (dike DepartMerit,ffom insconnexion With every inhabited -portion of this ' -extended country, is continually brought.. into :contact, in some way or other; with almost 'ciesy man, wo man and child, in the motion. It machine of such ponderous dimensiona, and luck complicated structure, that no human power can so„govern its operations as to keep all its parts, at all times, in harmonious action. There is such a deyend. elite of its various branches upon each other; the, workings of these are so necessarily under the control of numerous human agents, none of whom are infallible, and so exposed to the violence of the physical elements, that the concentrated wisdom of ] all the intellects on earth would be totally incom petent to its uniform preservation from any inter -1 ruption or derangement. The head of this de. partment has, therefore, to encounter more set folmess. more ignorance, and more uncharitable ' ness, and, consequently, more of their clamor and denunciation than are incident to thecondition 01 iTby other branch of the Government. Phis has been the case, as newspaper records abundantly testify, from the organization of the Post Office) Department to the present time and it will con tinue to be the case while the baser passions ex ercise as they do now, as large influence over the, pliblic mind. The recollections of the writer's earliest news. paper readings are connected with the constant' abuse of the Post Office Department and its:offi cers; and through every administration of: the Government from that time down to the present, the party press has poUred forth a stream of vita peration against the Postmaster General and his subordinates. Doubtless these functionaries, like other mortal beings, sometimes mistake the line of their duty, and do wrong; but no Postmaster General, and no officer of the Post Office Department, can, for any lingtb of time, execute the Post Office laws faithfully, and, as ne is bound to execute them by the obligations of his official oath, without incur ring censure from a factious press, and sel fi sh, il liberal and prejudiced individuals. The voice of complaint is easily raised against this Department. A letter goes wrong, is delayed, or lost—an occurrence which happens more Ire quently from the blunders of writers themselves, or their messengers, than from any fault of the Post Office Depaitment or its agents; but all the blame in the case is cast upon them, and faction, or the spirit of malice, seems to take pleasure in proclaiming the fact as a pretext for their con I demnation. A controversy .arises ssith ; the de. partment, involving interests of magnitude; and all the imaginary petty grievances of which indi &lusts complain, in their intercourse with its officers, array themselves agair.st the department on the question at issue, with perhaps but little knowledge of, or regard for the merits of the case; and a factious press gives voice to their clamors, in denunciations of the Postmaster General s course in the Contest. The foregoing remarks have been suggested, chiefly, by the complaints and vollies of condem natioa which have, for sores time past, been di. rected against the Postmaster General, for hi refusal to accede to the demands of the „ Central ailroad and Siteatnboat Company," for the con tinued transportatior of the mail from Washington, D. C., to Richmond, Va. Washout any other interest in this matter than that w hich belongs to every member of the corn munity, I have been induced, by a sense of justice to a high officer of the government, whose faithful and enlightened attention to the business of his office, and courteous and gentlemanly deportment towards all persons having intercourse with it, I have heard acknowledged by many of his political opponents, to look into the Postmaster General's conduct on this 6 übjecr, and 1 have come to the conclusion that he has manifested in this ,ontro versy a liberal and conciliatory spirit. which has not been fully reciprocated or properly apprecia ted. It is not my purpose to give an opinion with re- Ord to the proper construction of the law on this stibject; I may. however, be permitted to say that hwyers of deep legal acumen and impartial judg ment have declared that law to be of doubtful ac Ceptation, and that as many. such would probably be found to agree, as to differ, with the Postmaster General concerning it: Mr. Johnson. as an honest, conscientious officer, sworn to administer the law faithfully, could not, with his solemn couvictians,or doubts, of it s mean ineacceile to the terms demanded by the said ciampany. But he fairly and liberally tiffe Si to continue to the company their existing allowance, if they would continue th; transportation of the mails therefor, until Congress could act uptm ,the subject, by declaring what the law was iwor;trto be, or by the remosal of all difficulties through new provisions and additional appropriations. This reasonaole proposition the company re jected, and the consequence was an acceptance of the terms offered by the Bay and James river fine. Can any upright, unprejudiced mind. after ta- king a clear view of all the facts iii this case; (even though differing with him in opinion as re specis the law on the subjeet,) condemn the course bus taken by the Postmaster General? Let those Who are pi...uib, , Jsed to indulge in such condemna tion, endeavor ti make the case their own—read the Postmaster boner .1% official oath—teflect up ' u the motives which dunst have actuated him in this matter, and say whether it is plausible, whe ther it is reasonable, to assume that they could have been otherwise than conscientious and .patri otic! Public prejudiets and clamor he knew he would have to encounter if he discharged his duty --but if he had been a time server, a mere seeker of popularity, regardless of 116 high trust,he could easily have hushed the voice of censure by a vio lation of. principle and cunciesice. Let any hon. est mind view sir. Johnson't action as presented in these aspects, and decide whether the golden yule of Scriptural justice does not accord to him ii lull acquittal of any shadow of blame in this transaction. It is unfortunate for the Post Office Department, is I have already intimated--and I purposely re peat and enlarge my remarks on this topic, that the truths ?hey embrace may make an im'pression upon the mind of the reader—.it is unfortunate for the Post Office Department that the frequent inter course which almost every individual, of every age, sex and condition, in the community, has with it, in some way or other,—thereby exposing 1 1 it at much to the excesses of humrn passions and 1 prejudices, as its modes of mail transportation are subjected to the casualties of the physical elements, —predisposes the uncharitable and censorious to take sides with party bigotry and editorial injus lice in their vituperations against it, for the obe dience of its officers to their conscientious convic lions of duty. Other departments of the Government, coming much less into immediate contact with a promis cuous population,—with all grades and conditions of people,—are comparatively exempt from the innumerable trivial influences which excite and keep alive, especially by an interchange of feign. ed or supposed grievances, feelings rf hostility against those who administer the Post Office laws There is much truth in the Hudibrastic couplet— No man e'er felt the halter draw, With good opinion of the law." And the officer who enforcees a law which runs counter to the selfishness or the prejudice of the populace, is almost sure to share the condemnation which the illiberal and the sordid never fail to cast upon the law itself, no matter how necessary may have been its enactment. The Post Master General and the officers under him, are incessantly abused for the execution, or the attempted execution of the plain, unambigu ous statues passed. by Congress for the government and preservation of the Post Office Department. In confirmation of the correctness of this asser tion, I refer the reader, for instance, to the invec tives against the Post Master General, with which certain newspapers abound for his faithful efforts to enforce the law intended to arrest the system of Idler smuggling, carried on under the gum of "Private Expresses "—and to the ungenerous sneers flung at him through the Journal of Commerce, and kindred 'prints, for his just and laudable mea sures in resistance of British rapacity and unfair ness, with regard to the postages:exacted on letters. &c, conveyed to her short% by our national mail. steamers. • If, in that day of "dread decision," when man's irreversible doom shalt be - determined, Heaven ; should vouchsafe to -the traducers of the Foat Mas ter General, no larger measure of mercy than , ~, ,f - MESE they extend to him of charity, in their estimate of his "actings and doings,",rhost deplorable in. deed will be their destiny in the " life to come." • BEN. FRANKLIN. ocY We'give below an imperfect sketch of Mr: Allen's Lecture, 'delivered iu Temperance Hall, on Thursday evening. The ideas are new to many, and we commend them to the charity of those who differ with the speaker. It is due to the Lecturer to say, that he appeared under untav6rable circumstances. He was in bad . health. During the course, which will be delivered du ring the coining three weeks, Mr. A. will give to our people, who choose to listen to him, a con. cise view" of the doctrines taught by the Ameri. can Union of Boston, New York, and Philadel phia. To our-scientific men this will be noire!, if not highly instructive. We' commend Mr. A.'s lectures to the attention of the public generally. Lecture on Commei•otal Guaran t Mr. Allen, of Boston, gave his first Lecture upon Social Progress, on Thursday evening, at Temperance Hall, to an audience quite respecta ble in character and numbers. He said an apology was due the audience, 'leas• much as be was suffering Luiz] t' ects of his tedious, sleepless journey 0... r the Mu. • , s; felt n 3 exuberance or flow of sp,l its, and hoped 'hey would not judge-the importance of the sut • - the imperfect view which he s ut . I pre , e, that occasion. MEE MEE =NE .-..— k :fir.:'-~'~~s5"..~?'.t~;vf•~~is~~ ...3e_i ~. .tiICiIIIVIIERS. 7 , - ; ommerce, he remarked, was the outbirth of Civilization—the great.- t aenieve merit of the Nineteenth Century. It is the com manding interest of Society. Commerce, to.day, is what war in feudal ages had been The great.. est and beat men are engaged in it men of the highest culture andrefinement ; men whose Words and 'function control the destinies of 'nations Commerce is the power be'aind the throne, greater than the power on the throne. In Boston can be found twelve merchants who are the dukes of the industry and business of New England—the writing of tkir names upon a piece of paper, bids hundreds rd hundreds of thousands work, and they work or cease, and their work ceases"—because Commerce has such a hold upon the soil, motive power, machinery, the sources of wealth, and the instrumentalities of life Bit, in speaking of the abuses of Commerce, while Society.ia organized upon the principles of selfishness and antagonism, let it be borne in mind that I am speaking of s perverted institution, not in denunciation of the men who are its passive creature!. Merchants are just what you and I, and all men would be,under thesamecircurnitances It is the false social mechanism that is to blame, and not the men Who are victimized by it.- There may be a true system of commerce, in which the interests of the men engaged in it, in stead of being opposed to each other, and to the industrial classes, shall be at-one—and commerce be to the social body what the arterial system is to the natural-f-the channels through which circu lates the fluid of life, supplying the wants of ev ery member of the social body, according to the law of distributive justice. It may be the agent, the benefactor of industry; or as now, the vulture that preys upon it. Commercial functionaries are constantly on the increase, the ranks of labor are being drained—to fill this Already, crowded occupation; - ill at the present time, There are ten times as many specula tors. bankers, stockjobbers, traders and peddlers, as would suffice to distribute to all the means Of comfort and luxury. Labor, which produces all wealth, is therefore compelled to pay ten times as many commercial rents, and the salaries of ten. times as many agents and clerks, as in a well bal anced society would be requited. So great is the uumher . engagtng in trade, that the business. is overdone, and the result is, in New England, accoi ding to statistics presented to the Nlassachussets Ag. ricultural Society, by Gem Dearborne, that of ev ery hundred persons engaging in , comtinerci al trans. actions, ninety seven either fail outright; or die in solvent. And in all these failures, industry in the last a iinlysis, is compelled to foot the bills. Thus, thro its abuses, commerce has become the beast of prey that fattens upon the other interests of sock ety. Here the lecturer brought forward some fan ciful commercial apalyseses, illustrating his subject and attempting to show that a certain correspond. ence existed between men and animals ; that the spiritual world was the equation of the natural world; and that the -vulture, the pelican; the wolf fox, spider, &c , were types of certain COM. rpercial characters, who were spoilating the social .45f by monopoly, by periodical bankruptcies, itOckjobbing, duplicity and fraud Such, he remarked, was the result of the present 'mode of distribution, that in all. Civilized coon tries, just in the ratio that nations grew rich, the mass of the people became poor; in proportion as man achieved dominion over nature—made the elements his slas'tes, to toil in his stead ; that the position of the laborer became 'precarious, and his hope of comfort and abundance was taken from him. 'The tendency of society is now to the establish ment of a Comsrenciat. Fzunausst, a despotism of avarice and selfishness—which grasping at the soil, at , the homes of the people, the sources of life, shall deprive the masses of the right to labor. ex cept as the " hands - of another's head, and the ten. ants of another's home, and make the industry of the world tributary to the gigantia power of Corn. mares. A reform must he had, or society is to end in a dynasty of concentrated capital, more ter. rific in its, character, more heartless and oppressive in its rule, than any of the military despotisms of Europe. As an approximate remedy for these evils, as a means of staying, at least, the adveise tendencies of the timee,' - and of educating the p!ople in a true science of society, I would propose for your consideration a system of commercial guarantee ism, or Mutual Insurance. Gualanteeism is a prominent feature in the social tendencies of our age. Health, fire, marine, and mutual aid societies of all kinds are an expression of it. The same spirit of comperalion must be introduced into commerce and industry. • In the East, some fifty joint stock commercial unions of this kind have been established, with the most bogelul results. They are all affiilliated to gether, do their combined business through a Cen tral Board of Commerce—purcbase the necessaries of life in large quantities of the importer or wholesale trader, and supply their: members at the first cost of the articles. Unions of this kind have also been established in Western New York, and direct exchanges are effected between the farmer, the fisherman, and the mechanic.— The result has already demonstrated that a saving of at least 25 per cent. can be realized in the pur chase of all articles of merchandise. I brought with me, from the East, several pairs of boots, the wholesale price:of which is two dollars a pair, NEE , .',.,•...,.',.,•.tr'1k... but whi s ebtconld txpt be obtained in this place for twice-Ise som:' . ' • Two teari since in Maine, I witnessed a farmer blaming of his batter at a store, nominally at 'eight Cents pet' pound, end paid in fisti . atfour cents per pound.. On - Cape Cod, at the same-time; but ter was being sold] at twenty cents per pound, and fish at an average of two dollars per quintal of 112 pounds. In ;filaifie f . a pound of buttir would only exchange fdr two pounds of fish On the Cape it was of the value of eleven pounds of fish. Commerce charged the difference between two and eleven, to pay for the transportatio n' and tale o the article,—labor receives only the difference-be tween nine and eleven, to pay for the toil expended in the production. Were there a direct exchange between the fisherman and the farmer, each would beve received the. full value of his labor. These examples are sufficient to illustrate the principle. They demonstrate. that a system of joint stock commerce, on the principle of mutual guaranteeism, could be effected, which would dis p nse with the present enormously expensive method of exchange, and be free !rem its abuses its anarchical confusion, its injustice, its spoliation upon industry. , • -cs A corporationllike the Workitthaen's Protec tive Unijof NeW England, mighnie commenced in this ci . , w ithi branches in all the neighboring towns, v. hich upon the purchase of a ten dollar share in the stock, would supply the members with the necessaries of life, at an enormous saving of expense, and lk the commencement of an in 'dustrial reform, Which would ultimately establish , relations of. co-oivration and sympathy bets cen the different intetests and trades, and lead to the reorganization of t , Society upon the principles of distributive justice, and unity of system, and which would piaranteelto all the blessings of wealth, the enjoyment of their industrial rights, and the, means of education and social happiness. Wao is Hs ?÷We would give two figs for the name of the man- who is-so constantly in attend ance at our courts. He appears to be in no other capacity than mere looker-on--takes his seat outside the bar, and enjoys the dryeat land case as most folks would one of Shakspeare's comedies. For ten years, or more, we have been ao occa sional visitor in the different Courts, and we never missed his earnest countenance.. - Truly, he must have a curious taste, for ' there is nothing in tie proceedings of our courts, generally, that ought to excite the interest of a citizen not connected with the affairs of law YestenlaY there was a great scarcity of in cidents about the city. Our readerswill please read the Lecture; we have served up to them, and make themselves contented. In the District Court there was nothing up ex cept a dry case from .the conntry. The visitors de serted for the day. r in the Common Pleas the ar. gument list was disposed of. In tlie Police Offices there .was nothing but 'Va grancy and Assault and Battery cases, but plenty of them. trj- The SaloOn was well filled on Thursday night; and the excitement in regard to the priiets &c., was intense. The. committee discharged their enorrontis.duties with fidelity to the public, and fully came' up to the expectations of their constituents. Tne . watch was awarded to a Mr. Smith, and the hat to a Mr. 'Greer. The enter tainments passed off with seeming !dal. The audience selected the; following gentlemen as the committee to award the :prizes: Alex. Jaynes. Esq , E. S. _Neal, A. W. Foster., L. A. Clarke, M. P. Morse, George - Youngson, A. Mllwaine, A. A. - Anderson and C. P. Shires: About ihree or four hundred "efforts" were handed to the committee. The following took the watch Why did General Scott, in taking Santa Anna's let, effect the great object of the war? 4,,5.- - Cos he conquered a piece. The author announced that the watch was at the disposal of the committee appointed to collect aid for the relief of the families' of soldiers in Mexico. The following are some that did not take the (By request! of a tract is to' science!. EZZEIM Why was G election for 51 Ans.-Boca followed closel Why has Sal • Why ought red violinist Ana.--Beca I Sharpe at the Why is the to-night tike Ans.—Beta and lever, (tea Blr:Alleii perilos* Ha fernoon, a &aim a takes a Beaei By her card prizes for the the best cono be filled, as t. our city. ' Man.—A I plaint before ' husband, who her, and abti Honor adopt 'a Sense of hi I took on a car! A Mort wea t i Sinclair, start; duct of an 11l S. & S. by Peoria Demo horticulture. it can not I . might. almo st see it, if you VENTTIAN lication offic skilful ander 1 1 whose shop is l lent article; a a heavy price. in; summer ble. • Ca' Mr. Jac' commencol o EXTRA Di • Atinamuta at The Vi clever and ci ;rel crii.Sibbettli•Rovieur will be out to-dap. A BASEMENT with two rooms ' suitable for it i 1 ph7 Dentint, oir street, between Hand and Ire , ata. jon22 ! ' - 4 - MEE :-.::l:'''',,.: .r . ,*i:*i'i..-'*-% !of, the Tract Society.)—What kind . Oat likely to move a lawyer's con. ict of land. 'iabriel Adams, on day of the last yor, likes disconcerted Barnburner, use he ran away from the Stack-house, Iby a cur, (Dr. Kerr.) nta Anna got but one leg ? ine he has'nt got two. Mrs. Sharpe to be the most celebra n the United' States?. use she can sound Bilut and B (be) iame,time. Isuccessful competitor for the prizes discarded lover? se he is , requested to take his hat be her.) • 111 dearer a Samuel is Tem 021 To-morrow, Sunday, at A o'clock. • I T Miss Baucc—:,This popular lady It this evening at the Eagle Salaam will be seen that she oilers some h est acrostic upon her name, and for , indrums. Of course the house will m beneficiary is a great favorite in black woman made a devious corn ' the Mayor yesterday, against her has several times threatened to kill es her on every opportunity. His measures to bring the gentleman to responsibility to keep the oaths he ain occasion. !—ln the warehouse of Smith & 5 - pendant, a huge. Potatoe, the pro nois farmer. It was sent to Messrs. omas Phillips, Esq., Editor of the ratic Press, as a specimen of Illinois We do not know its weight, and enured easily; but it looks as if it MI a half-peck measure. Call and , on't believe. 131.1xns.—In the window of our pub is a Blind manufactured by those rienced workmen A.Gribble & Co., opposite our office. It is an excel d what is important, it did not coat Those in need of Blindi for the com ill do well to call upon Mr. Grib- the new Street Corn issioner, ar , ze.—lt will be served up la the 2i o'clock to-day. iFilant Ball,last evening, was a very iitable affair. - ;!- - - - -:_: ,- . -, ', 1 2. , .. - :. -,, •.... - : , ';. , . , .: -, ,. , ::: . . , . . ..... . ... .. For the Morning Post. .........;ANTI-LICFSSE LAWS. • : . MR. EDITOR practical temperance man re cently refrised, in'Temperance Hall, to sign a pe tition against tholicense law, stating that he was opposed to physical force;•is he believed boinan beings can be'improved by moral suasion only,- -The truthfulness oU the remark must be apparent to'all who study human nature. Force is not in / struction. Its application may injure society,byj making hypocrites. Therefore, any individrial, or association, which wields law force, under the • pretext of improving the intemperate use of strong drinks, or to inflict penalties on the sellers • thereof, if sincere, in professing love to man, the effect produced is but to prove their shOrt.sight ednees. Man errs only through the lack of knowledge. Force—unequal and oppressive laws—instead of instructing prian in the laws of his nature, ren dering him conscious of being indicted with , pain ful sensations, whenever lie violates, any of those laws, the greater the violation, the suffering pro, portionelly increased. The application of penal law revolts ,human nature. Force necessarily begets resistance. Intelligent men , "honest enough to be bold, and bold enough to be honest," will not abet the enforcement•of any partial law., In fact, experience shows, that the, most active, abettors of such odious laws, 'dare tot, when are called into existence by stupid legirlatian; ap ply them impartialty against all who violate them. The pocr citizen is victimized: The wealthy infractor bids defiance with impunitf.Z. At this moment, well rneaning,-but very surfacial reformers, are . endeavoring •to induce our law makers, now assembled in Harrisburg, to degrade themselves and the Commonwealth by the enact ment of a partial, prohibitory law, monarchist in its principles, unequal and oppressive in its oper ations, and which cannot be approved by the friends of "Equality; Liberty and Human Happi. nese." No man who understands the democratic principle of "equal right to equal chance," wilt sanction with bis name the foolish, if not•crimi nal attempt now being made for the enactmientof the mis-named anti-license law. F. , (0.• A moumfutscene it is said was exhibited at Baltimore, on the departure of Mr. CL.AT for Washington. "Ad istinguished political friend gras ped his hand and said God bless you, Mr, Clay; I have rated for you three times, and am-ready lode magain—bettentimes will come soon—God bless you." A tear glistened in the eye of each, and Mr. CLAY responded :--u Thank you, my dear sir, thank, you, " in a Manner that clearly indicated that his wors came diMct from his heart. azj' The editor of the Petersburg (Va.) Repub- Ikon, in a long and ably written article, contendi ; that "the rouniry would be bentfitted by the of Arius Jr. Polk." Canada Election.—The Montreal Herald:of the 6th gives the return of forty-one Members, viz: 21 ministerial, 19 opposition end doubtful. The Courier publishes the return of thirty-five mem bers, 20 ministerial, 14 oppositioi and 1 doubtful. agle BENEFIT OF MISS CLA,RA BRUCEI This Evening,. Salvrdny, ,Januory 2'. ON whic h occasion shewill present to the author (if preeent) of the beet acrostic on her name;a splendid Miniature Gold Locket, containing the.lina nesse' of the Troupe. • •- . Also, a magnificent Breast Pin to the author (if present) of the best original Conundrum. In addition to the above, a rich selection of now Songs, Operatic Piecea, &c., . N. B. No person connected with this establish ment will be a competitor for the wiser.. Jan 22 Land for. Sale. THE undersigned, Executors of the list will and Testament, of George Williams, late of Fayette township, in the County - of Allegheny, and state of Pennsylvania, deceased; Will sell nn accommodat ing terms, 347 acres, ofyreell- improved, first rate land, abundantly suppled with good water; lime./ stone and Coal, situate in the fors of-Coal run, and west branch of little Beaver, half . a mile, from the Sandy and Beaver Canal, and four miles west of Ned' Lisbon, in Center Township, Columbiana County, Ohio. Said lands will be sold altogether, or - divided to suit purchasers. Title indisputable. , ' - Personi. wishing further infrrinatiori relying to said land, are invitedsto eal. on Abner Moor, ad joining the premises of Milton F.. Baldwin, near Noblestown, Allegheny County, Pa., or Doctor J. Dimmitt, 3d st., Pittsburgh. Mason & Potter, attorneys of New Lisbnn, are` our. agents to sell said Lands. - J.rDIMMITT, . lIIILTON E. BALDWIN, Es>rs,'&c. ' 11=117112 (PRICE, 25nEtri6 A noX,) . REMEMBER, that DR. RALPRS IILLS, - (No. 2,) maintain a healthy condition - of , the true organs, and give the constitutiOn power-in car ry on - its natural means of cure. 'lndeed, 'in the use of the N 0.2, we directly . support the 'efforts of • the. CONSTITUTION, and st is astonishing to nee the many hopnless cases, in which the :Powers or Nature prove successful ; whewher steps arii_tath erfollowed than directed. For sale, wholesale and retail, by • ` S. L. CUTLIDERT, , • Smithfield, near 34 at. • Also, by John IVVCracuers, Penn and O'Hara at., 6th 'Ward, Pittsburgh; Wm. Cole, Diamond, Alle— gheny-city; J. G. Smith, Airmingham. • jan22 T O the Honorable the Judges ofthe Court °Mimi 1. ter Sessions of the Peace, in and for the'Coun- ty ofAllegheny. The petition of Richard Turner, of the sth Ward, fi city of. Pittsburgh, in the county aforesaid, humbly aheweth; That your petitioner hath provided hilself , with materials-for - the accommodation of.wavellers and others, at his dwelling house in the city and ' 4 • ward aforesaid, and prays that your Honors will be - pleased to grant him a license to keep a public house . of entertainment.. And yon petitioner, :Min duty , •, bound, will pray. RICHARD TURNER. We, the subscribers, citizens-of the - Fifth Ward, • do certify, that the above Petitioner is of good , repute for honesty and temperance, and is well provided 3 - with bottps room and conveniences for the aeco*: modation of travellers and others, and that said tsv- . • 5-- • ern is necessary. . • E.J. Stewart, R. Watson, N. Donnelly, John Du roes, John Weraceen,James WLean, David Straits- - burger, John Lowry, Andrew Wilson, P. Donnelly, James Kearney, M. Donighne.' jitn22-31. 1 ," • (Telegraph copy and ch. Posta • t4if, - • ts, it 4 • kr MORSE'S WEEKLY BUDGET OF NEW - BOOKS FOR 1848. • THE LOVERS of Paris, a Romance, bj John Wilson Ross; with numerous- engravings on wood. • Graham's Magazine for February, with beautiful Illustrations. Brian Minn, or luck is everything, by the author. of " Wild Sports of the West," ". Hector O'Hallo ran,'' atc; with illustrations on wood. ' • :,- Madisoti's Expositions of the Awful and Terrify ing Ceremonies of tbe Odd Fellows—with illustra tions. The Children's Tear, by Mary Hewitt, with four plates front qriginal designs, by Anna Maryllowitt, The Conquest of Calitbrnia and . New Mexico, by the forces of the United States,' in the years 1846 and 1847, by James Madison Cutts, with engravings, plans of battles, &c. • • A Tour to the River Saguenay in Lower Canada, by Charles Lunmsti, author of " A Summer in'the Wilderner Chemistry and its App li cation to Apiculture and Physiology, by Juitus Leibig, M..D., from the last London edition, much improve& . The Cruise of the- Sea Snake,.,oilhe adventures of David Watson; the LondorPrentice, by Midship- Halry . Martingale or the Adventures of a Whale man in the Pacific Ocean, by Louis' . Barker. The Prince and the Pedlar, a Novel, by hilissEl-' len Picketing. The Nineteenth Century, a Quarterly Miscellany, January, 1848.. - • ; - Mary Stuart', Queen Cir Sodas, by Alexander Du- • . The Cock and Anchor, being a chronicle of old Dublin City. D emar k a bt e Events in the History of America, by • *. J.-Frost, L. L. D.. - to v The Death Ship or the Pirate's Arida, by the Au thor of Smuggler King, and other tales. Insubordination, or the Shoemaker's. Daughters, f an American Story of Real Life, by T. S. Arthur. •'• • - Whig Almanacs for INA. Rose Summerville, a Wife's Devotion, by the author of g.The First False Step," with numerous engraving' on wood: • • ' Received and for sale at JKORSE'S - LITERARY , DEPOT, 85 Fouith stitoW ' Judi OFFER for sale the house I now . occupy on Web ster street, a few doors west of Se each street. _ It is a two story brisk house, with two rooms on each door. - I will sell on s liberal credit. '• . -jull-tf , ; W. Ha LOWRIS. ,• , (Gaiette sad ChM:Midi copy.) _ ' - ' i _ ' 1111MCIrgrAr...5: ' •- . ~ r r. 4 {i , t~~t-~ . ..._. ~ :~;~ <~ •• •,-.2.,,-. ~,. ~.•,„:.: :::. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers