y. $WWr l aifTtin v rr i -jv..JIsj.j,,, ..".n. .'v?! 't-S ts rri&,m$& J W i c'Mai If 'i r' v f fe , KE n b 7 w tm ii ru i wrlr.v 1 uentng $?ubltc Hedgec PUULIC LEDGER COMPANY CTnUS It. K. CURTIS, rnusieasT Jrthn C. Martin. Vic I'rcldnt nJ Tremureri CKarl A. Tl'r, Secretary! Charles It. Lurttn- Jjhi. rhlllp B, Ceillnt, Jnhn H. WlllUm. J0,in J" IT, Celli ii rpurimn, urerie r. ueiasmun, vzvia h;. smiiey, f.v Director. VkVXO B. 8Mtt.nY. ..IMIter JOHN C. MAnTIN... Oneral Huln--n Manat'r (Fubllahel daily at rent-te Lrneita Dulldlne Independence. Square, Philadelphia. JkTtiKTte ClTT rrrifCtHen Hull line Nw Yemc 304 Madisen Ave. tMmeiT. 701 Ferd, HulMIng f5 Leeis 013 Olfibe-Drmecrat DulldlnK ClllOiOO 1302 Tribune Dulldlne ' snffa iiunnAUs: WUHI.VOTON HlBr.AU, N. n, Cor Pennsylvania Ave. and llih St. K1 Yems nne Ths Bun IiiUMIna SiONDON Hemic Trafalgar Building . BLHsrKiimeN Ti:Jtrs . Tt Etinine l'cLie Liraica I Mrvfd te erltxn In Phlla1lphla. and aurreunllnar tnwni t the rata et iwelvn U-) cenla ir week, pasabu te the rnrrler, .By mall te points eutalda of Philadelphia In tna United States. Canada, or United Htat-a p"' p"' Mtalena. poatare tree, fifty (SO) centa per month. Blx (JO) delhira per venr pavaiile in advance Te all foreign countries one (Jl) dollar a month Netici Sut.acrlbera wishing eddrei changed teust slva old s well ns new nddrea. BELL, 3000 WILNUT KEYSTONE. )U1N 1W1 t Address oil rommtiit(cnt'en fe F.vnine Pubtle ' Ledger, Indep'ndcncn Square. Philadelphia, Member of the Associated Tress TUB ASSOCIATED MESS is erelusivelu en. i Ktled te the use or republlfrtflen e all ni;- titpalchet credited te It or net etArnt'lir creifffrd W this paver, mid also the local urus published therein. . All riehts eif republication- of special dt'patehea herein are atse reserved. rhllidrlphlt, Silurdir, Antit J6, 19: BOOTLEGGERS IN POLITICS CAN local politics in the United States be do-alcehollzed? Ne mere important question exists in the country today. Every serious-minded jeurnalI"t who pits down te write the tiuth as he tinds it in regions affected by n wet-and-dry war is appalled nt the effect th.it whisky money exerts in defense of the gang system. Mere than n year nge. when it wa' first apparent that n new sort of liquor busi ness was rling en the ruins of the old, It was pointed out In these columns that an alliance between bootleggers nnd political machines should be almost as crcatly feared in America as nn armed invaen. The alliance has been perfected. It is working smoothly and te the grew ins bewilderment et enforcement officials. The profits of the underground whisky trade arc se great a te make jurtu'liMtiii political organizations almost unbeatable. Neither gambling nor erjnnijed ! nr the public contract .s-tem, the tlirei- aeurtvs of revenue te which be es leek for money needed te held their werkmj forces together. ever offered any such opportunities as are present in the liquor trade. And Mnee boot leggers cannot prosper without politic il pro tection they are willing te pay Ligh te thee who can provide it for them. And it i provided, of course. The ether day enforcement effieiaN in th.s State bean te prepare for the ru.ds in Easten. Hut it ia charged that the order for a mobilization of raider-, had wt l"ft 'lie central offices in this eity befeie boetlegcr-" and saloonkeepers bad been tejd of It and warned te step their ialcs until the Merm blew ever. DEMOCRATS AND COAL rIS the function of minority Kcpreent.i tlves in L'ensres te cntieizc the reu'me work of the majority, l'.ut the Dem-'r.its In the Heue. standing selldlv 1:1 opposition te the Winslnw bill, under whi.-h It S pro posed te authorize the lretdent te estab lish a fact-tmdln ieal comriisieu. pre sented a rather 'lreary speetacle 0: political prejudice nnd futility. Ihe question of the national fuel supply Is larger th.n any parrv Demeerat-. and Hepublleans will suffer alike from the mid during the coming winter unless th.v nr extraordinarily feruna'e. Democrats "ill feel the pres-ure of high priee. Dmei-rane families may suffer through idleness enforced by n lack of coal in t!.e factories and null-. But the Demeerats in Wablnsten seei.i te care nothing aheut all this. I'nh'i-s tir-t . they say, and buMiicv' afterward'. A CENTRAL AMERICAN .VICTORY E VENTFITj te a degree imperfectly in dicated in the modest aih.anee nn- neuncemen's was the me.-tin; en baid the Uniteil States rruier Tacemn held en .'jn day night between .ejiresentnties of Niea rngua, Honduras and Salvader and the American Ministers te tl.ee nations. Presidents of the three iepublics were present. Teatlrg and reciprocal rompli rempli ments naturally enlhned the festivities, but what was of far mere rensquenre was the negotiation of a treaty whieh may lend te the orsunizntien of t: (Vntral Ameri'-aii republics in an authentic nnd durable union. The primary nbjeet of this p.' t. which may prove ep,,cli!, i. the suppres sion of revolutionary agitation and the co operation of the three countries in the pres ervation of order for their inut 1 il benefit Political emigrant- are net te lie tolerated near the frontiers of any of the republics and It is pledged that sincere praxinl efforts will be made te suppress inva-im-, designed te subvert anw of tae fio'.ern fie'.ern incuts. The presenee of nuthoritier- from the United States i rightly regard"d us sanctioning this co-operative movement. In addition, uli-e with Ne tli American approval, the three 1'ieMdent-. agreed te rnll S a cenferenee te diseu's e'e!I.l', relations of the republics, free excli.mge of products, unification of metiev , tariffs and wajs of communication. It was further premised that (iiiateiiiala and Ce-ta Iti'a will be t formally Invited te sign the treaty. With their entrance the foundation' of a genuine, United States of Centinl America will have been e-tnliHfhed. The program has been many tunes attempted, but with ftfafianrtanifw results The tire-cnt timlcr- ;n ,v l taking lacked the grandileipient booming of ! numernua urevieus efforts It is realKiic and te the point, and in that fa t alone Is M, augury of success. it JSI. I t. K1 l.n. S! 1., ,,-,,,k OA W , IO CUM' IIHIIJI'- I'MII -i ll'ltl,, , .i,mMI. ', become a highly significant date In lha lery of Central America. TOM HALES DISPATCHES from Dublin make much of whnt Is called the change of heart in Tem Hales, the guerrilla leader who admits having organized nnd directed the ambush In which Michael Cellins was killed. Tem offers te "threw down his arms" and Jein the Uree Stale forces ns 11 sign of atone went for the work at lianden. His sorrow "called significant. It is significant. Hut the manner In which it Is being discussed Is meie signifi cant still. Te whom did Tem bnre his heart? 'Why wasn't he promptly urrcsted? .What fight linn he te suppose that mercy r consideration would be shown him or that he would' be received by the i'rec State authorities etherwise than as a prisoner gvllty of revolution, treason and murder V , There is in tlm foreign cables an under- wblcli suggests mat me quicu sympa- and the quicker Imagination of the 'peonle umy cause them te leek upon l at an omen 01 peace ana a pert of Rtrayed nhccp te be treated with tolerance nnd even pity. Such n state of mind In Ireland would be extremely perilous. Te the outside world looking en nt this strange domestic tragedy in a country rent by a conflict of emotions it seems that there must be something terribly unsafe nnd un stable about n governmental administration that could treat with Tem Hales, the slayer of its ranking chief. Tem ought te be caught. And he ought te be taken te Dublin. And there he ought te be steed against n wall nnd formally shot in the manlier reserved for brigands and revolutionists who operate In time of war. ROLLING DOWN TO RIO SHOULD BE REAL VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY Mr. Hughes' Trip te Brazil Contains the Possibilities of an Authentic and In spiring Understanding In the New World THHEPKOACIIAHLY courteous In expres J. slen was the typewritten statement dis tributed by Mr. Hughes, ns he stepped ubenid the splendid liner Pan America, en route for the centcniuy fair in ltle de Jan eiro. "Nothing," bulletined the Sccretury of State, "has ever marred the historic friendship between the two peoples." There were further compliments, addi tional attestations of the harmony of of ficial relationships between the Govern ments of the United States of North Amer ica and the United States of Brazil, and, of course, n rcferenee te the memerublt visit of Dem Pedre II te the Philadelphia Centennial in 1S76. The compact cemmunique was as cor rect, ns sweeping in its unchallengeable generalizations ns the oratorical patterns exhibited nt the nerage Pun -American banquet in Washington. Mr. Hughes declared he had nothing at this time te add te his prcp.ftVed announce ment. Wisdom was in reserve, for the Secretary of State is rolling down te Hlo with the laudable intention net only of Imparting but of receiving information. There is, indeed, u great deal te be added te the subject of solidarity in the Amer icas befery the reality of relationships is us attractive us the picture familiarly drawn by urbane, diplomatists and unruffled ban quitcers. Mr. Hughes, ns a keen observer, will undoubtedly contribute Ills share. liut a work urgently necessary te the interests of ptace and the advancement of civiliza tion will be Incomplete if it is confined only te official circles. Friendship with Latin-America is an engaging phrase. Citizens of the United States are fend of displaying it when ref erences te the Menree Doctrine recur In internat.euai uCairs. Superficially we etel our southern neighbors. Actually they are beings of whose innate character, purpose, strug gles and achievements, multitudes of our own countrymen are still densely ignorant. Sympathetic understanding has scarcely rassed the embrjenlc stage. Seuth Amer icans puzzle and nt times alarm us. They are forever se it appears fo menting revolutions, jabbering a tongue we have net mastered, trading with Europe and wincing unwarrantably when we urge that they mend their wajs and leek en u.s as u magnificent model. In fact, instead of thanking us, the New World Latins were net infrequently offended. Was this friendship Despite the official eulogists of Pan America, It was net friendship. Ner was there geed reason why peoples, separated by such vast gulfs of prejudice and miscon ception, te say nothing of racial divergen cies, should whole-heartedly fraternize. The truth is that reciprocity of understanding between the northern and southern portions of this continent has been lamentably neg lected. Culpability exists en both sides. Many a North American te whom his southern "brother," euphemistically se-called, is a r.ddle will, if his purse permits, scamper eagerly te Europe in the vacation season. Intellectually and culturally, Latin-Amer-lea derives much of its inspiration from that ancestral continent. As an offset te erroneously preconceived opinions, as .an agency of enlightenment, long overdue, the opportunity of the Brazilian fair is resplendent. It is the first large-scale exposition ever held in Seuth Amrriea. Placed in a set ting of almost incredible beauty, in a great city of a million population, metropolis of an empire surpassing in extent the total contiguous nrra of the United States, sym sym teliral of a century of national integrity, this fair should initiate something like a new era in international education. As a teaeher, the capacity of Brazil war rants generous appreciation. This is no ievo!utien-wrung, comic-opera country, but an aspiring and superbly endowed federal republic with an honorable and stimulating history. It is, among ether things, the only par rnt nation that ever changed plarpi with Its mother. The independence of Brazil is traeeable originally te the conquest of Portugal by France during the Napoleenle Wars. Fer a time, Bie, net Lisben, was enpitnl of the far-flung Portuguese realms. The sheer magnitude of Brazil occasioned the separation when her people en Sep tember 7, 1822, cast off allegiance te the distant und diminutive homeland nnd se lected a member of the house of Braganzn ns its first emperor. Imperial rule safeguarded the nntlen from anarchy, and when the progress of civiliza tion nnd the development of the people had demonstrated that crowns were archa isms in the hemisphere, Brazil nstenlshed the world with a bloodless change te re publican institutions. There is, in all history, no parallel te the deposition of the able and intelligent, but officially out-of-date, Dera Pcrde II in 1SS9. Illuminating also was the Brazilian set tlement of the slavery problem, which In some respects was quite ns formidable as the situation which provoked the most ter rible of civil wars In n great nation which particularly prides itself en its behavior. It was proclaimed in 1871 that all chil dren thereafter born of slave parents should be free from birth. Eighteen years later emancipation was made complete, The claims of Brazil te national great ness. yltural distinction, her conquest of aslft 'dl jungles, her brilliant develop EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER ment of the temperate regions below Cap ricorn, the growth of her enterprising nnd handseme cities, her litter triumph ever, yellow fever, and nbeve all, her profound, nnd in high degree successful, effort te selve n most trying racial problem will repay Bttidy by northerners content with their own ncceinpllshments. Perhaps they will some day learn some thing of that dauntless humanitarian con quistador, Colonel llendn, master of forest nnd Jungle, spokesman of the first govern ment In history te pacify, protect nnd In n sense redeem American Indian tribes without bloodshed nnd without defilement by the blighting features of civilization. Mr. Hughes will spend but n few days In llie. It should be h fruitful period nnd among its consequences may be the founda tions of n genuine understanding nnd n fraternity of progress In the New World, The structure is well worth building, but It cannot be reared without respect and a mutual acquaintance with reality. AN AMBUSH FOR McSPARRAN? WHATEVER hopes decent Republicans nnd decent Democrats inny have for reforms in" the administrative system of the State nnd permanent betterment of our sys tem of political ethics must grew a little dimmer with the news of nn impending split in the Democratic Party engineered by Judge Eugene Bennlwell nnd his friends. The fnct of Mr. Plnchet's candidacy nnd the certainty of his election may be disregarded for 'the moment. It hns only n temporary bearing en the larger question of political malpractice In Pennsylvnnln. Corrupt Republican machines have flour ished largely because they have been with out effective minority opposition. The Democratic Party in the S-tnte has never been the agency of wholesome stimulation nnd reform that It might have been because it has been bought out ou nlmest every cru cial occasion. And n thing cannot be bought unless it is sold. Without in nny way Implying that Bon Ben nlwell and his friends want te wreck their party or hinder its growth or its opportuni ties in the coming election, it is necessary te admit that the wlicme for n third party te carry the "wet" flag nnd te nppenl te the labor vote Is reminiscent of the schemes by which, in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Democrats have been frustrated time nnd time again nt times when they were in a way te make themselves strongly -felt In Important elections. The party is small nnd weak enough in rennvlvanln new. If It is split as Judge Bonniwell would split it if he carries out his plan te head n third ticket, such small chance ns Mr. McSparran has te make a respectable showing nt the polls would vanish for geed. And Bonniwell is tee geed a politician net te knew this as well ns any one else. SHORT CUTS The Battle of Easten brought serious reverses te General Jehn Barleycorn. The Bootlegger te Jehn Barleycorn With all your faults I love you still. Seme day, of course, the flight te Brazil will be made with the one pair of wings. The drug cases new before the Grand Jury are providing all the thrills of melo drama. In the matter of German reparation Frame is rinn in the conviction that delays are dangerous. , New Yorkers new speak of themselves as having "modest self-assurance." Pure cockiness we call it. Well, the operators and miners have seen te it that there'll be plenty of room in the cellar for hooch. Philadelphia hoiselielders may put up with soft coal long enough te teach anthra cite profiteers a lessen. A few mere rfferts te have Representa tive Velstead resign mav serve te muke that gen'leman really popular. Starving Austria begs for a mouthful and every country in Europe seems willing te make a mouthful of her. Germnn marks are new down te 2000 for a dollar. Artistically arranged they might make geed wall paper. There hn been n revolution in Guate mala and the President has taken te flight. This, however, is normalcy in Guatemala. New that woman has wen the right te smoke en the htreet she may strive for the right te remove her hat when she meet3 a man she knows. Sweden will vote en prohibition to morrow ; a fni t which has merely academic Interest for Americans, the bootlegging sup ply being nearer home. It would appear that there is another note due from Balfeur: one admitting that he wasn't famillnr with his bubject when he discussed the allied debts. Seme Jlay after seniority has been suffi ciently plastered ever with fine words it will be laid in n corner nnd forgotten, while railroad contestants get down te 'business. The Walsh resolution empowering the Government te operate the mines may, ns nn earnest of what could easily happen te the railroads, have a soporific effect en seniority. Seme Philadelphia saloonkeepers arc said te be growing nervous. One never knows when these Philadelphia prohibition agents who are raiding nearby towns will start te work at home. Ever se many Congressmen, with their eves en the election, but nevertheless nware of a ?.'00,000,000 Treasury deficit, would never dream of voting for the bonus if they did net feel sure that a veto will be tacked en 10 It. "The automobile," says Herbert Hoever, "Is steadily solving some of our social prob lems." And he proceeds te elucidate. And, incidentally, it is making a few new ones, some of them net wholly unconnected with congested thoroughfares nnd parking privi leges. Sioux City Trades nnd Laber Assembly has passed a resolution demanding that the American Federation of Laber call a na tional strike ; thus showing that though the limit of darned foolishness has net yet been reached, there nre some few blltherern who see it in their dreams. National Committee for the Prevention of Blindness reports that in twenty-one Stales during the first six months of tff present jenr weed nleohel hnd blinded twenty-two persons nnd hnd killed 1,12. "Drawn from the weed" had mere or less pleasing significance In pre-VeIstead days. Nowadays It suggests a coffin. Congressman Sproul, of Illinois, pro poses n bill requiring the Government te pay n million dellnrs te the person (lis (lis cevering a pennnnent cure for tuberculosis, ennrer, pneumonia, epilepsy or dementia prnecex. Hay fever and asthma sufferers feeling themselves slighted will be ready te glve double the nmeunt by prlvnte sub scription te the man who cun permanently relieve their troubles and banish their weee,- - PHILADELPHIA S ATURDAYT &TTGUST 2C,V WE HAD GLIDERS HERE Peepfe Seem te Think Moterleta Air plane Is New Thing, but Philadel phia Had It Twelve Years Age RECENT news reels in the motion-picture houses have given Phllndclphlans virtually front-row scats at the contest held in France for gliders, or nirplnnes without meters, nnd fttlll later news from Germany, including the new record of mere than three hours in the nir mnde by a student, has centered n geed deal of latcrcst en this phase of aviation. The most nstnnlshlng thing about it te the ninn who has followed the development of nirplnnes from the beginning is the wide spread impression among the public that this Is something entirely new in man's efforts te conquer the air. This impression wns unmistakable te nny one who sat in n luotlen-nletui-e house nnd heard the com ments of the people about him ns the gliders were shown In flight. As n matter of fnct, there is nothing whatever new in gliders except tliut the rec ord of duration of Might hns stendlly In creased just ns ether tecerds in science or sport nre constantly being bettered. But pictures of the plnnes which took part In the French contest, coming from nil ever the world, show that there is nothing Inherently novel In the construction of these machines, and thnt they nre te nil intents und purposes the hiime ns the machines thnt were ilewn right here in Philadelphia twelve or thirteen yeur.s age. THE Wright brothers ncqulred all of the data upon which they built their suc cessful machines, from their experiments with mnterless plnnes. American gliding gees hack still further than thnt te the days of Prof. Lnngley's misnamed nnd un fortunate "nerodieme." The Wright brothers were the first te achieve real success with gliders, ns ether experimenters had met with disaster, nn'd several of them with death, from inability te control their machines in the nir. The Wright glider was essentially the same as their original biplane se far as its wings and struts were concerned, but, of course, It -had no meter. In these dn,s there were no gasoline meters light enough te be carried en a plane nnd with sufficient lower te operate the propellers that give the machines the speed required in Using. Tills lack of the gasoline meter, as n matter of fact, was the tlflng that held back aviation se long, because the main principles of the airplane nre quite clearly set out in n pn.ent te nn Englishman named Hnnsen in lSl!! or 1S-14. TnE Wright glider wns started from the top of n hill, slid down n mil nnd, when It acquired sufficient speed, It could be made te rise into the air. Later they rigged up a tower with n heavy weight nnd the dropping of the weight pulled n rope which gave them their stnrt along Ihe rail. The operator lay fiat, face downward, en the lower plane, with his hips Inclesed In a wooden framework thnt slid from one .side te the ether nnd operated the flexible w-itig tips by which he maintained his balance, nnd his hnnds in front of him worked the leers which steered him te right or left or up or down. Curtlss nt the same time was working with n glider and It became quite the thing for young enthusiasts in t lie new science te build gliders for themselves and try the hazardous stunt of being towed behind auto mobiles or tjlng their machines te a long repe nnd rising head en into a strong wind. This wns the first activity of the Aero Club of Pennsylvania when, after merging with the balloon organization known as t lie Aero Club of Phil.idlphin, it established headquarters in the old lletz Building. The Rev. Ct. S. (iassner, by the way. who died yesterday, was secretary of the Aero Club, and nlwajs was present at glider "meets." The jeunger members of this club, nlmest fanatic in their belief in the future of the airplane, nnd reckless of life and limb, established themselves nt the old Point Breeze race track and there they quite regu larly smashed up n glider and almost smashed its operator every Saturday after noon. Students nt the University of Pennsyl vania aNe formed an Aero Club nnd built several gliders, which they tried out en the field in front of the Commercial Museum. THESE enrly gliders, built by ama J-te teurs, there were no flexible wing tips and no steenns devices. 'I here was nn opening In the middle of the lower plane, with two fore nnd aft wooden bnf.s, and the operator hung from this opening with his arms ever tiie bars. It wns then nn acrobatic per formance te swing his swn.iing legs from right te left when the plane began te tilt anil te pull himself forward and te slide himself inek en these bars when he wanted te go down or up. There is n Phllndclphlnn of today, Law ren'h I.esch, who recently became prominent through his experiments with light rajs, by which he can make an object invisible even ns you leek nt it, who wns then n student nt 'Columbia University, nnd he held the record for duration of time in the nir in a rlider. Memery does net furnish accurate lieures, tout this record wns something like fifteen minutes. Mr. Lc-ch was very badly Injured in a fall with his glider, nnd for many years after he came te Philadelphia bore the marks of his mishap. If is difficult te sec just what the glider enthusiasts of today hope te accomplish In these tests. Se long ns airplanes depend for their flying nbillty upon the pressure of air under an inclined wing, just se long will it be necessary te furnish some mentis of acquiring this pressure. Gliders today, just as fifteen or twenty years age, must go down hill or be towed or must hejd into n wind which will give the pressure re quired. It is, of course, a great tribute te the skill and cleverness of nn opeiater te keep one of these innchines in flight for mere than three hours as this German student has just done, but, after all, it does net advance the science of aviation, nor ls.it something new, ns the general public of today seem te think. Advices from Honolulu slate thnt Secietnry of the Navy Denby "swings Mere Than Canoes Need a Paddling u mean pndille. There Is work for n man of that kind nt home. There are Congressmen nnd con I operators and miners nnd ethers who nre just aching for punishment. Can't the President 'be induced te draft the husky secretary for nn emergency job? Chicago couple married Almest Toe Geed sixty-six jenrs ndmlt te Be Tnie they are happy and de cline the reason is they never nagged each ether and nlwajs exer cised fifteen minutes before taking their morning bath. But nre they quite sure they never had any little difference of opin epin opin eonany tiny-teeny-weeny little difference ns te who should 'be permitted te take the first plunge? Kir nnrry Lauder Toe Pat te Is quoted as saving thnt Be True the .hank book, is his favorite book nnd that the check book is tee full of reading matter. Tills is se descriptive of Harry's reputed state of mind (though it may lie slander) thnt ene suspects thnt he didn't sny It nt all, but that it is the work of his press agent or some ether long In his company. nVR Oir.V MOTHER GOOHE A Shipping Heard n-taUing, a-taiUng en the fiends nirrlf.ss unarailint;, te get n iuh- tidy. Thrrc'n liqvnr in the cabin and tome freight in the held And all it needs for pleatant voyage is jutt a little geld. The bunch of bum Gengreitmen that tealk upon the deck Are buttling for a benut and a tariff bill, by heck. The Captain' t out of luck with a Congress en hit bark I'er when he'd have them go te work they impiy go yincK-flMmv;, ' A- A ' "..WHY PRAISE GEiRMA'NY.? WE'VE CONDUCTED (SLIDING -L"t ) "J Bk vxrr r e.r jmmmjrmjm.m vi .ti,..siiwpa! Bmtmmmtmam jir wi.sm wa j? !' u " f -.; i v NOW MY IDEA IS THIS! Daily Talks With" Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They Kneiv Best 8AMUEL B. ECKERT On an Aviation Field for Philadelphia AN AVIATION field big enough nnd cen tral enough te nreommedate the needs of the City of Philadelphia Is one of the developments which the not-teo-dlstnnt future will have te bring nbeut, nccerdlng te Samuel R. L'ckert, chairman of the Avi ation Committee of the Chamber of Com merce. "Commercial aviation." said Mr. Eckert, "has developed mere rapidly abroad than in this country because of the number of land ing fields established in all large cities and nt hundreds of Inlet mediate points ns a re sult of the necessities of war. In order that we, who have developed ether forms of transportation te n degree surpassing nil ether nations, may net find ourselves out distanced in this new field. It is. essential that every large city consider as a part of Its municipal plan nn nvlntlen field se situ ated ns te be readily accessible by either high -sieed electric service, such ns subway or elevated, or by a perfect meter read te its business center. The field should net be mere than twenty minutes' distance from the heart of the city. Time Saving the Chief Thing "Early, commercial nvintlnn development must leek te time snving mere than te nny ether one element for Its support. It is hopeless te leek for success if two of the four hours saved between Philadelphia nnd Pittsburgh nre te be lest In coming te and going from an airdrome. "Emergency landing fields must nlse be established between cities) nt nbeut fifteen mile Intervals, but this problem Is com paratively ensy of solution, since it only requires thnt certain pieces of farm iand be restricted te low crops such ns clever, nnd thnt proper Indicating marks be placed en them. "The bIze of nn nviatlen field is nlse nn Important matter when the value of city property Is considered. Ter the largest ma chines it Is well te hnvea field a mile squnre, but a field three-quarters of n mile square is large enough te be thoroughly practicable. Of course, when room en these dimensions is required It is out of the question te have n field located near the center of n large city. "Therefore the question te be solved is te get n field which shall be sufficiently large nnd still have transit facilities te the center of the city ei such character ns that no time shnll be lest in the journey from the field te the destination of the material brought In. "It Is net necessary that nn aviation field should be entirely cleared. Of course, there must be long extensions for the Inndlng of the Incoming airplanes nnd the getting nwny of these which start from tills city, but if these be provided there Is no reason why tlie rest of the field should net be used for ether purposes. These runways, of course, must be entirely clear and must be suffi ciently wide te nccommednte the larger ma chines. The Problem in This City "The topography of the country immedi ately surrounding Philadelphia, together with its high-speed transportation system, both active nnd planned, limits the possible location of nil airdrome te three general areas. First, the district just beyond the Sixty-ninth street terminal of the .Market Street Elevated; secnd, the district south west of the Roosevelt Boulevard and served by the new Frankford elevated, and, third, Seuth Philadelphia in the vicinity of League Island Park. "Taking Inte consideration the probable cost of acquiring the necessary 1100 or -100 acres of ground and the future development of the city, it would seem that the Seuth Philadelphia slte would preve the most prnc prnc tlceble. It is bounded by the back chnnnel of League Island Navy Yard and Bread street, thus protecting it against the en croachments of high buildings; It is very near Ihe business center of the city nnd yet It will nlwa.vs remain nt Its outskirts, "It Is also near the water and hence Bea nnd land flying may heve a common termi nal; it is near the junction of two rivers, the most ideal of landmarks for clay or nlghtjflylng. Finally, the City of Philadel phia owns n Inrge area of ground in this vicinity, while ndditlennl areas may be slowly developed by pumping In the dredg ings from the Delaware River. a nvlntlen field must be considered from the wime point of view as n railroad termi nal with its great nreus. switches and tracks taking up aresjj the Very heart W all large 1922, TESTS FOR YEARS! cities, nnd yet recognized ns an absolute necessity. Fields in Other Large Cities "Bosten hns recently set nside n Inrge tract of ground en its outer hnrber, which has been filled in by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. New Yerk City, wondering hew it can bring its air pert nearer te the heart of the city, is seriously contemplating the further development of Governer's Is land for this purpose. Almest nil of the pro pre gresshe Western cities are developing nvi nvi ateon fields, imcl Baltimore lias n field in active operation where the Nntiennl Guards are deve'eplng a unit nnd where tunny pri vate planes are being operated. "Fer these reasons n field In Philadelphia is an absolute necessity if we de net wish te see the regular passenger ,nnd express planes of Bosten, New Yerk. Baltimore nnd Washington passing ever our heads for want of a suitable stepping point. "The possible ftevelepment of nircrnft as a means of communication between the grent cities of the United States is almost un limited. As I have snld, this has reached A higher state of development In Europe than it hns here, but ence Its potentialities are appreciated, as they are sure te be within n very short time, there will be such an increase of the traffic in this country as will easily put us abreast vef nny country of the world in the commercial use of the nir. "There are many regular services abroad. The planes of one company have traveled Km, 000 miles in n single venr. its service extending from Londen te Rotterdam, Ant werp, Bremen nnd Hnmburg. This company carried out successfully f)," 1 .,1 per cent of nil the trips which It started, this percent nge arriving nt its destination en schedule time. Ne Accidents Occurred "There were no nccldents of nny kind in the yenr for which this record was made, and it comprised n total of 071 official trips. This shows the extent te which the great cities of Europe are using the airplane ns a means of lnter-city communication, or rather of inter-country communication, ns most of thee trips weie made from Londen te the Continent nnd back. "With tills record being mnde nbrnnd. It is time thnt we get Inte the game with our accustomed American energy nnd developed It for our own purposes. It is especially applicable for the United States en account of the longer distances te be traveled and the fnct that most of our plnnes will net find it necessary te cress our own border lines before they reach their destinations. "In the present stage of nvlntlen these things nre carried In which the element of time is Wlnl. Besides passengers, the air plane Is largely used for the transportation of negotiable paper of all kinds where It Is Important thnt delivery shnll he made be tween such cities ns Philadelphia and f'lil f'lil cnge; for example, between banking hours. "A group of men lias recently bought tlm rights of the Zeppelin patents for this coun try, nnd they nre figuring en transportation of nil classes of freight and express ever long distances. Figures indicating that these great ships can successfully compete with the iillreads ere substantiated by the performance of the German airships new in operation. Effect of Sesqul- Centennial "I believe that the Sesqui-Ciuiteunlnl will de much te btlmulnte air travel te this city. In Paris nt the prercnt time the number of passengers arriving and departing runs Inte the thousands; if this is a fact today In the French capital, what will be the number of dally arrivals in Philadelphia cliirng the year of the exposition? With three mero vears of airplane development tliere should be thousands per day arriving here rather thou thousands n month, "Are we te be the lenders In this new but important development, or are we again te be the last?" Curious Evidence of a War Less Frem the Quebee C'hrcmlcle. All Insurance company, according te n nautical mngnzlne, refused te pay n policy en n British vessel, the Hydra, which ills appeared In 1!U7. cm the ground that tliere was no proof forthcoming thnt the ship had been lest by wnr risks. Unexpected proof of the vessel's fnte has recently been fur nlshcd In the bhnpe of u photograph taken by ene of the eccupnnts of a German sub sub mntlne at the moment the vessel was sunk (This picture supplied the necessary evi dence, and tlm insurance company, n u cbfcied. w. , " "" 'c,i"""i i" pay tue uuieum ibcbv - v----.7-tfaE-r9iim-miw. y tx " a , v. . J Ir n vi Wi'M wxw What De Yeu Knew? QUIZ 1. Who has succeeded Michael Cellins as head of the National Army of the Free State? 2. W-.ere and what is the Alame? H. What Is n trapezium? 4. What Is meant by n Protean ncter7 6. What play by .Shakespeare has ancient Trey for Its scene? C. What Is the origin of that personlflca persenlflca personlflca tien of propriety, Mrs. Grtindy? 7. what Is meant by "Haussmannlzatlen"? R. What Is the "Midas touch"? 0. What is the occupation of a Jjrvey? 10. Who was the ancient geddess of chastise ment nnd vengeance? Answers te Yesterday's Quiz 1. The best steamship time between Xew lerk and San Francisce Is twelve days PreshIef1uVTaft1.rS' recen,ly made tn 2. The French and 'Indian War ended with i rr, 'he Treaty -of Tarls In 1763. lhp,osten News Letter, established In 1704, was the. first permanent news paper in America. 4. The presidential administration of An drew Jacksen wns described by his political opponents, the Whigs, as a ?' ?.", i!'edl.h the ""nnert of Les Angel, feleJ,hf,n, ?&lvr- nn English song writer, (1812-18,0), wrote the old sentr "What .. Are the Wild Waves Saying?" 7. Three plays by Ooethe are "Faust," C.eetz von Berllchiiigen" and "Eg "Eg ment. 8. Neah's Ark was made of se-called gopher weed Just what this was H net known, but opinion vacillates between cedar and cypress. 0. Ancient Alexandra, because of Its mag- nlncent llbratles, was known as 'The Mether of Beeks." Let us return te pur muttons" la from tne r rench 'Revenens a nes moutons." 1 he phrase, new familiarly used In ths sense of Let Us change the subject," ?, .,.are" from nn old French play, L Advccat." by Petelln, in which a wee en-draper charges n shepherd with stealing sheep. In describing his grievance he continually departed from the, subject nnd te threw discredit en the defendant's attorney, accused him of stealing u piece of cloth The Judge reminder! him of his Irrelevancles, with Mala nrn men ami, revenens a nes meutrms,' But, my friend, let us re- ( turn te our muttons." Today's Anniversaries I Si:? Beginning of the battle of Dreseea between the Allies under the Prince et .Schwareiilierg and the French under Na Na eoleon. I L' James W. King, chief engineer of (he United States Atlantic blockading fleet in the Civil Wnr. bem in Bnltlmere. Died in Philadelphia June (1, 100.". 1,s.V' Congress granted the State of Michigan T.'O.dOO acres of land for the purpose of constructing n Mi in canal be tween Lakes Huren and Superior. IMlil Jehn II. Flnvd, Secretary of War in the Buchanan Cabinet, died near Ab ingdon, Vn. Bern nt Rlncksburg, Va June J, 1MI7. 1S72 Geerge Upfehl, first Ephcepl bishop of Indiana, died at Indianapolis. Bern in England Mny 7, 1 700. 1JI21 Assassination of Matthias Er berger, former German Chancellor. Today's Birthdays Lte De Ferest, neled pioneer In wire less telegraphy nnd telephony, new seeklnH te perfect talking motion pictures, born nt v euncll Bluffs, Iu., forty-nine jear age. Jeseph T. Robinson, United States Sen Sen aeor f i ein Arkansas, born nt Leneke, Ark,, fifty years age. Edgar It. Kless, Representative in Con gress of the Fifteenth Pennsylvnnln DIs triit, born nt Warrcnsvlllc, Pa., forty seven j ears age, Miiier Rebert T. Moten, piincipil of the Tuskegee Institute, born In Virginia lift j -live yents age. Pert Tobacco Passes T'lem tlin Daltttnnre News. Gene Is the ancient town of Pert Tobacco Portelmcko of the eighteenth ccntury-j the "metrepplis" of Charles III the ilajs or nuld lung syne. The pioneers who salleci up the Potomac founded It en an estunrj of the noble river, and Its fame as a Mill1 ping point for tlm Colonists once exteuiieu across the Atlantic, Three or four deriicie age the last "courthouse light" In Mar land centered around Pert Tobacco. " water transportation dwindled, and building of the Pepe's Creek railroad HJ from Bewie te the Potomac gave the rll".rl;' Ceuntlans a new outlook. Many of llirai picked La Plata station for n county M-att owing te lis central locution and "'J11', trains. The old courthouse at J ''J Tobacco wus burned dpwn and the vier dilnrcd. for (hu bulldlig et ivr" CM " La Plata, t . all', ." .' lafeyLfV MJ&&JJ1 '. .'n.,lt ' ) k 0
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers