SS-W r l-vtf"" MWi" 1 HCE JLANOASTBR DAILY INTBIiLIGENOMl SATURDAY, OCTOBEK 20 1888. ,T ' wu r. iV V T " " '& T ",. MILLIONS OF MONEY. HOW IT THE WAS ACCUMULATED FAMOUS "BIG FOUR." BY Floed, O'Brien, Mackay and Fair anil Their Great Luck In lha "Glorletu Cli mate of California" aa Feelier Ancr Pur Yellow Geld. In the early part of this century thcre were born, In Ireland, under the humblest circumstances, all within the space of ten y6art, four benama kings. They weren't bonanza klags when they first opened their eyes, and began te kick at thuics In general en the Emerald Isle. Bat all the same they had It In them) and when they began te play tag and mumble-te-peg they commenced te dream, In ft vague sort of way, of bonanzas, and when tlicy became men they all struck the greatest bonanza the world has ever known. The story reads like "Moute Crlste," One of this quartet was named James MACK VT FLOOD FAin. e'niunx Clalr Floed. He was known for many j ears, owing te his profusion of blende locks, as the "Gelden Irishman " He was a carpentcr by trade. Anether was named William 8 O'Brien always called "Billy" O'Brien for short. He had no trade, but was what is known In these days as a hustler. Ireland wasn't rapid enough for these two. They were high spirited, con fident young fellows, and they Just ached te get Inte the swim and swirl around a little. They yearned for velocity One day they satel te themselves that they thought they knew thelr gait pretty well, and they guetsed they'cl go te America lust te leek around a llttle They did net knew each etlier, and met for the first tlme en beard ship. They did a geed deal of talking en the voyage, and when they landed lu New Yerk they were fast friends, and struck up a partnership that was net dissolved till death When they arrived in New Yeik, and had a chance te alto In the town, they came te the conclusion that, after all, it was tee big. They wanted mero brcatlt Ing space Then they contracted the tulu ing fever, as mostly every one did in these dajs. Se, In 1631, they took passage In the geed ship Elizabeth Ellen, doubled the boisterous Hern and lauded at Yerba Buena, new Ban Francisce. Thov were la the El Derade of the world, treading the golden sands of CalU ( fernia. the end of the tclltterlna vista through which the yes of the world were gazing with longing. The fecr was at Its helght. Men were going wild with excitement. Every sldp brought crowds of eager adventurers, and fortunes wer being made In amazingly short times weeks, deys, even heuis Heed and O'Brien were as eager as the rest What did they dot Did they cavort around, fchrlek, invest the llttle cash they had in wildcat mining schemes? Ge tel Net much The started a modest place of refresh ment In a leg cabin and they called It the "Auction Lunch." Th made meney. They kept right still. They weicn't say Ing a word. By and by they commenced te lay out a part of their profits lu small mining ventures. They accumulated soine mere money. Their place was frequented by all sorts and conditions of men wrecks who. with high hopes, had ceme te the mines and lest everything! reckless miners who spent their dust Imp water, gamblers, adventurers, all stamps of men It was at this tlme that the quartet FIOOD8 PV.V rOASCISCO HOME later known us the "Big Four' was made complete Among the occasional frequenters of the saloon was a bright young Irishman, named1 Jehn W Mackay. -dle had been among the mines for seme tlme, had been sifting and picking the gravel in running streams, tramping alene with his blanket and tools, but somehow he never managed tostrikeit rich But he was an experienced miner, and was check full of ideas and nerve He didn't have any meney, but Floed and O'Brien thought his experience would be worth a coeel deal te thorn They formed a compact Mackay knew another jeung Irishman, a clever engineer, experienced In mines His name was James G Fair He didn't have a cent, but he, tee, was made a partner By this tlme Tloed and OBilcn were pretty well off Mackay and Fair took their kits and went off tp rirespect 'Khey were net very successful for seme yJars, and Just managed te get along By and by tame the rumor across the bierras that great veins of quartz cairjing a strange black metal, which experts said was silver, had been discovered Mackay and Fair went thcre from the placer dig gings in thx) valleys te the quart lodes high up In the lce and snow and Arctle w'nids which pour down from Manitoba with a biting Intensity nobody who has net spent a winter In Virginia City can imagine The two made monev for them eelves und for Floed and O'lirln, their quiet, industrious partners " way down In Trisce." Mackav's wife kept a minera' bearding house in Virginia City Then thep etfucll "Consolidated Vir ginia," in whose Bliarfrs pen ant girls seen after made fortunes und lich men lest them The way they struck it was curious A veuncr miner came te Mackay and Fair one owning and said he had n geed claim whi h he didn't have clther tlme or Inclination te work If they would leV nt it nud MikcI it lie would roll It te tlicm cheap Tht-v lu kid at it, liked It . it te 11 ed ami " I!rl-n f r a few hundred dollars the ilaun nas Wight, the jeung man took th money te Sacramento and drank ii up und Mackav wen discovered that In and hit partners owned the Consolidated Virgi nla which wus destined tu become the me9t famous mlne in the world Then began the search for the treasure Fer ii long time the quartet firm with all its mining property, took out but llttle money, but Maeka kept ste-udil) ut work The penditauce endurance und bkill required in hunting the ero body was temething te discourage most men Ex perlenceil miners abandoned the project iu despair, dLclarlng that it would never pay for its trouble and oxpense But Mackay and his associates refused te be dUceur aged The old sliaf t of the central mlne was utilized and thev pushed a drift northward from the 1,100 loot level of the Gould and Curry, across the IV st and Belcher and Inte the old "Virginia ground " The distance was mero than 1,200 feet, through rocks of the most dif ficult character In October, 1875, a lire destreved the buildings and all the valu able machine!- of the company. The damagi i - r i il id i nur'. again puthud ... -.0 puUi' watched in nmnr4 uuii liula JBith-fcvca, ridi. cuHngfFalr, OTJrlen. Mackay and Heed. Suddenly the report came that rich or had been struck. The stock shot up te fabulous figure., and all the world was eager te obtain It. The quantities of ero taken Justified the enthusiasm of Invest ors. The product of that mine and the "California" ha simply staggered the world. In six yeari they yielded In geld and sliver $172,275,2:0, and from 1875 te 1870 the dividend which they paid were $75,000,000. In the height of their pros, perity the Consolidated Virginia and the California company turned out a gres product of 5,000.000 n month. Each of the bonanza. partners drew from them nt ene tlme about $750,000 a month as his indi vidual share of the profits In six jcars the Comstock lode of which thee two mines were but a part vieUleel mero than (300,000.000 In ere' This Is a true story of the marvelous careers of four Irish lads Their history since they struck the great bonanza is well known. O'Brien died In 187l. noted for his charities and beloved by all. rioed's San Francisce palaces, his family and his munificence have been matter of common report in the newspapers for many years Fair has been a United States senator, and Is a great traveler. Mackay'n daughter, Eva, married the head of ene of the greatest Italian houses, Prluce Colenua His wife, who, as has been sold, kept a bearding house in Vir ginia City, Is ene of the ttoclety queens of .Mirepc, me council or courts It Is a remarkable romance A WOMAN FOR GOVERNOR. Tlie rqiial Rlghta I'arty Nnmrs Mix Linda Gilbert In Nenr Yerk. The Equal Bights party of the Unlted States is making progress that Is If the making of nominations be accounted prog ress. Very few of any grade of lutein gence have failed te hear of Bclva Lock Leck Lock weed's candidacy for the presidency New comes Linda Gilbert's candidacy for gev crner of the Emplre state Linda Gilbert was born In Rochester, N Y., May 13, 1&17. With her parents she rn luev ed te Chi cage when she was but 4 j ears old, and was cdu cated at St. Mary's convent In that city. Early In life she became Interested In the condition of prls- and bus dovetcd her tlme for many years te efforts LlJl)A QII.BCnT. for the removal of "conditions that pre duce enme by a wholesemo system of lu dustry and culture." In pursuance of this object she has endeavored te place libraries In prisons for the "use of theso incarcerated, and has succeeded lu se r lacing 80.000 volumes in lets of from ,500 te 2.000 volumes each Twelve years age tne Gilbert Library and Prison era' Aid society was incorporated in New Yerk state. Miss Gilbert becoming presi dent of the beard of managers Although lack of funds has prevented the society from continuing its work slnce 188!), Miss Gilbert lifts continued te labor as an In ellv idual Linda Gilbert is also an Inventor, hav- tug patented several Industrial devices. Including a noiseless roll for railroads and u wire clothes plu. The meney she has made en her Inventions has been used for pliilanthrople purposes, as has also the lncome lesulllng from "Linda Gilbert's Tax and Trade Recerd " Jehn Harage. Jehn Sange, the poet, who died net long age, was chiefly noted for his numer ous stirring wur songs, ameug which is the famous "Starry Flag." He was also the author of several prese works of note, among them "The Struggles for Irish Nationality," "Picturesque Ireland" and " Fenian Heroes and Martyrs " He was born In Dublin, Ireland, Dec 18, 1628, and studied iu the art school of the Keal Dublin society. He took an active part In tlie revolutionary movemonisoi vjjiss t Journals and plac ing himself at the head of an armed band of peasants. He was pursued, and had te teke ref-J) iu flight Aftir many exclt lug luhcntmoshe escaped te New erk, where he nlitnlnpri the neftl tien of proofread J01I-N savage. or upon The New Yerk Trlbune, at the i-ame time contributing articloste sevcrul periodicals He was also editorially con nected with several newspapcrs In New Yerk Washington and New Orleans During the war he wns active In organiz ing Irish elunteers for the Union army His tragedy of 'Sibyl" was ery suc cessful upon the American btage. His poems ero known throughout the world wherever an Irish heart neats orleoof liberty exists. His most famous poem is that entitled "Shane's Head ' The poem was inspired by the Ignominious death of SImne O'Neill the famous Ulster chief, who, with his followers, was treather ensly butchered by the English at a feast given lilm by the Scotch Macdonnels, of Antrim, en the night of June 2, 1507 Some .New l'nnnd Indian Trlliet. The great table land of Matte Orosse, In tlie western part of Brazil, is still ene of the least known portions of Seuth America When Dr Clauss and Dr von den Steinen penetrated it tcvcral earn age, and followed the large Xingu river from its head waters te the Amazen, they floated down about 1,000 miles bufore they reached the known portion of the river They did net have time te adequately study the frtrange and unheard of Indian tribes the) met amid thce dtnse forests and barren uplands, and for the purnose of making further researches nmeug them Dr von den Steinen returned te thnupper Xingu last )ear He vibitcsl the villages of nine of these tribes, and in a recent lecture iu Itie de Janeiro he gave the in teresting results of his studies 'Hiiro Is hardly a corner el the earth whose people have net had seme Inkling of tlie great world be) end them But these primitive natives of the upper Xingu had, nppirently never seen a scrap of trade goods or lu ard that human beings existed eutside their llttle circle of observation They use no metal imple ments, but fell trees w ith btene axes te clear the ground for their plantations of Indian com, eotten and tobacco Wearing bheli ornaments, they use hammers and nails of stene te perforate them They make kniv es out of shells and the sharp teeth of a certain fish, and with these peer tools they carve their rudely orea nienicu steels auu weapons Dogs and fowls are found In all parts of the Amazen valley that have lieen visited b traders, but thews Xingu tribes have never heard of them Neither have they un) knowledge of the banana, sugar caue nnd ric with which natives of the tropical zene are generally familiar They have net the slightest conception of a Ged, but they believe they will live ngaln after death Their most important ni)th relates te the creation of the world which in their view consists wholly of the head waters et the upper Xingu and Tupajes rivers Frem the languages and potter)- of all but ene of thtbe tribes the explorer de rived the idea that these isolated peoples ure allied te the original stock of the ence powerful Cariba whojeurno)cd from the south te the sea Oue tribe differed se griatly from all ethers that he wasunable te trace. Its relation te any ether people. Thefe peeple are almost wholly isolated even from each ether, and their languages, though of the frame derivation, are se dissimilar that the tribe canuet under stand each ether Few peetih- exist today who are se primitlve iu their ideas and se low iu ihe heiul scale us this.' newfound Indians of heutli Auienc New Yerk Sum. "W' iik HORRORS OF THE RAIL. THE IRON HORSE EARLY BEGAN TO CLAIM HIS VICTIMS. FacU of IntereM Suggested lij- Hie. Ilecenl Terrllile I1I.iIit at Mud Hun, l'n., en the I-IiIrIi. Ie Which More Thnn Sltly lAHt Tliclr l.lr. The lste railroad inns'acre nt Mud Run, Carben county. Pa , Involved every cir cumstance of horror and sudden death. The ictlnn were largely among the young and fair, they were returning full of social Jey from a festival, and were dlstreycd without warning One tnlnute thore was light laughter, pleasant chat and sentimental Interchange among the young ioeplo of two closely crowded cars; then came the awful crash, forty five persons were Instantly Inuuchcd Inte elemlty nud twenty five mero mangled beyond hope of recovery It Is new hoped that the dead will net exceed seventy, but n hundred mero arc Injured In various degrees, from the less of a finger or disfiguring wounds, te the less of eyes or limbs. Ashtnbuln, Chatbwetth and Mud Hun will long remain names of horror lu America At the first named place n bridge fell with a train, Dec. 28, 1870, and eer 100 persons were killed. This dls aster was remarkable from the fact that se mauy of the dead could nover be lden tided, though their belongings showed tlieni te be persons of wealth und probable high social condition. If, -,- v. 1' mj I' - LCV T H r 1 fJiat " 11." sJft ( ! . .. - MU!JL3 MM " r t T'.Vs. - fcbne or Tim iirn nrx iionneit. Ne previous railroad accident was se thoroughly Investigated as tills On me tien of Hen G.eorge O Convcise, n com mlttee of the Ohie legislature was formed for the imrpose and brought out every detail The Inquiry led te seme vnluabls Improvements In construction and man agement At Chntswerth, Ills , In August, lb87, an excursion train, running at thirty five miles per hour, was wrecked by a burning culvert; eighty five perseus wert killed outright and 1100 injured Ne ether railroad horrors In America equal thosej but by the Tay brldge disaster In Scetlaud, in December, 1870, ever COO lives were lest, aud the neted Aborgelo burning In Wale excited qulte as much horror, though com cem pai ath ely a small number were killed. An oil trtiln, Improperly secured en a Mdtng where the giade was steep, get loose, lolled down the main track anil struck a train leaded with neblemen and their at teudauts, en their way ten public tero tere tero meny. On the Instant of collision every pallor car was cneloped In burning oil, and uet ene Inmate escaped Heme tw cnty persons of nobleblood woredostroed, aud liu the ashes were found ducal coronets, knightly ornaments and ether metallic Insignia of rank It is only of lote j cars that railroads have been compelled te ghe full and ox ex act ucceunts of casualties, nud in the census jcar i860 thore were returned for the United Stales 8,215 accidents 2,511 killed aud 5,071 Injured It Is astonishing te rend iu this repei t that a orylurge majority of the killed wero cnifdecs of the reads, aud that iu a ma jority of these cases the Juries do de clnred tint death resulted from th lctlms' own carelessness. The explana tion is that while calamities like Mud ltun nud Cliatswerlh are rare, empleyes are being killed or Injured oery day. During the frame car iu Great Britain and Ireland thore wero 1 135 killed and 0,050 wounded, and lu Eurepe 3,213 killed , and 10,850 weuudisl Fer a term of ears IUU UUUtOUl 111 lll33CUfUIB hlllWU HUH wounded In the Vnlted States was 10 0 te the million, aud a fraction less in the old weild. Averaging the seven jears of completed returns It appears that in New Yerk thcre Is one passenger killed for 172,06803 miles traveled, ene for 503,. 508,183 miles In Massachusetts, and ene for 101,602,255 miles In Great Britain. Thus It may be said ene may tracl 1,000 miles a day in Massachusetts for 1,380 ears lief ero his chances for death would reach par, nnd for semewhat shorter t lines In the ether regions meutloned. But his chances for injury are twenty times as many Iu England he could travel just about twice as far at from the earth te the sun befere being killed, but only a fourth as far as te the planet Venus befere belug lujurcd In Mossa Messa chusctts, however, he may travel 27,000, 000 miles further than the distance from r-ij i ."Ar the Tr.iESCeri.D cahs Jupiter te the sun bufoie his chances for de.f.h reach par It is a gratifying fact that in the United States the chances. In proportion te miles traveled, have rapidly lessened blnce 18b0 The first railroad accident, by a strange coincidence, occurred en the very day the railroad was first proved a success, 111 the ry hour of htepln nsen's triumph and under circumstances of painful and dramatic inteiist The victim was Jfr HuskUsen, member of the Biitiali cab inet, secretary of state for the lolehlej and ene of the first men te advocate frc trade in parliament This occurred en the Liverpool aud Manchestt r railwuy, ou Bept 15, 1830 ltailreads had been eonstructed before that en which the nrs were drawn, by horses, aud en the Stockton and Darling ten line traction, by horses, by fixed en gluts and by locomotives had all been tried, but with such Indifferent success that nothing was determined. On the Liverpool nnd Manchester line the direc ters offered a premium of 500 for the best locomotive In October, 1829, the triSl fas innun, and Jlr Hei rt Mepl n son's ' IUtfkit" carried off the pnz ngalnst Huikvverth ti ' Snuspareil und Brnlthwniti & Lriessen n Novelty" On the- 15th it Septeuiliir 18J0, thu line wus opened vvlih imposing ecre monies, the Duke of Wellington, Sir Rebert Peel und many et In r eminent htatesmen taking part' Light locemo tives built by Ilelcrt btf pliensen, en the model of the "Kecket, were In motion at once, eacli drawing four carriages, except the first which drew but out Six hun dred persons took the rid, parsing through a continuous ovation seventeen miles, from Liverpool te Parkhunt, where there vvas a short halt The Duke of Wellington's car was halted en u bide trafk that he might sce the ether cura pa.ss nud Mi HuskUsen stepped ever the main track te speak te the duke At this moment the "Ilocket ' came up ut full speed ami Mr HusklKen, who was ki feeble health, bceuine frightened and attempted te re-cress the track. The en gineer tried in vain te step the engine, the unfortunate btatesmau was thrown upeu the rail and his leg cut off at the thigh He died that evening He was then 00 ears old, and had been almost continuous.) lu g veriin.i nt s.rvleefer lrtv lews J' a iuilul U . J ii .nrialkil 7iy'?&IirBa M'f TaWv4, i -rs. liar' T?i FmAj U'VinftJ.yl' "W TLi l.i 111 A with that of Peel In the early reform ao ae ao cempllshrd by that financier, and as the first victim of the new )stem he holds a unlnue place In history. When lifted up his only words were, "I have met my deathi" but, as can easily be believed, mauy ethor remarks were popularly attributed te him, nud the calamity made an important Item in the discussions then raging Lord Brougham wrote that afternoon te an null railroad editors "I hav e ceme te Liverpool only te loe ft tragedy. Peer Husklssen Is dead or must dle befere te morrow. The felly of 700 people going fifteen miles an hour In carriages exceeds belief But they have paid a dear price " New a number of trains In Eugland are tun at the rate of a mlle per minute, nnd the proportion of nccldents Is much less than formerly But the arrangements and policing of the track ero almost perfection. Charles Francis Adams, In his admlr able llttle volume en railway accidents, net only points out thu causes of the do de cllnlug ratio of nccldents, but shows they may be reduced te a minimum, nud closer with the strange statement that the great difficulty lies In "protecting railroad cm cm pleves ngnlnst themselves" ' Their frt mlllarlty with the danger causes them te lucur It In the most unnecessary and fool hardy raauuer " He points out their dan gerous methods, which need net Ixi re counted heic ns the work la, or ought te be, a text book te railroaders THE GUNBOAT PETREL. It V Iteerntljr Launched nt n.ilttmore, Maryland. Tlie United States gunboat Petrel, which was launched In Baltimore re. cently, Is the smallest of the new ntcel fleet. She Is 175 feet long and her speed will be thirteen knots per hour, bhe Is a single screw gunboat, very strongly built, and cost $0-17,000 Tlie contract called for her completion Dee' 82. 1897. but the difficulty of procuring steel of the high standard, demonded by the gev ernmeut Inspectors necessitated delay SHU with this delay the work vvas net done en tlme. ami penalties hnve been plHmr up en the contractors. The final result, however, Is an Undoniable success. Her displacement will be nheut 000 tens, The hull Is constructed of stcel. She will have barkentlne rig, and will carry four large breech leading guns In the main battery and Beverul machine guns en T"1" nil! rcranL. deck, Tlie contractors expect te have the vessel ready for tbe government In the early part of January. This is net the first vessel of her name In (he United States navy. iior,evenvtho first vessel celled the Petrel and iifced for naval purposes bulll In Baltimore. The name vvas boreo both by a small schooner built, like the present vessel, In Balti more and employed In the Mexican wai, and also by a si cam vessel purchased from the mcrrlmut marine and fitted up with a battery for service In the civil war. Uus the new Petrel, though classed In the legislation authorizing her construction s b light gunboat, Is an offectlvo cruiser, built en an approved modern plan, aud cupable of better scrvlce than seme larger vessels of the old navy which she Is help lug te replace She will carry four slx liich brce-ch leading rifles In her main bat tery. This battery will be mounted lu rponsers, en central pivot carnages, two having a range of 2 degs across the bow te 70 degs abaft the beam, while the ether two have n similar runge across the stern. Twe guns can be concentrated en n ebject -100 feet cither ahead or ebnft, and within 100 feet en cither broadside Her second battery will contain two Hotch Hetch klbs revolving caunen, two mpld flre guns Mid ene Gatllng She has mnnv water tight compartments, w 1th steel bulkheads, nd tl e i glues and boilers are jirotected ay a steel deck three eighths of an Inch ihlck. She carries ever -1,000 square feet of canvas. Her accommodations for the ofneers and men nre excellent She will be ispcelally valuable in waters wheie the larger craft cannot go Mm. Cnrr 1. Dutrit. Mrs. Carrie D Davis, of Philadelphia, the Bed Cress nurse who was trlcken with )ellew fover at Jacksonville, was ene of thu first volunteers when the call vvas made for nurses She went en a mission of leve She was Mone in the world, ii n d h a d bcen nursed through a tcrrible lllness buck te'hcalth at the University hospital, und was fulfef thankful- &S iicss ever her res .!.. irr. friends endeavor- -- rd te dissuade her lnifl' C-"U!IC D- B-"18' lrem risking her life by going te the in fected city, but bhe vvas fully resolved, und she went She worked bravely, earning the gratitude of every ene with whom she came In contact, until she was brought down by the disease. liirmiuil. i.i.1 "W-iS-JV!.".i-i!w 1'itrnicrs "f India. "The Implements of the India farmer." na)s Hen Jehn W. Boekw alter, who traveled through that country and made it special study of the nubject, "are of the crudest type Ills plow Is frlmplv tin forked bianch of a tree, ene end tipped with a bit of iron. Yet the In dia ryet plows his land net lcs than eight or ten times before (.ceding, this produces mellowness, but lacks the advantage of deep plowing Nevertheless India new produces 3U0,0W,UW bushels or wheat, per )ear, and In that line Btuudu second only te the United States Of the lauds new in cultivation it may safely be said that they de net produce) hulf what they ure capable of under a better &)stem of culture The average, crop in India is about eleven bushels per acre ugalnst sixteen in the United States, eighteen te twenty in France, and nearly thirty In Great Britain The British are rapidly introducing improved plows, and increasing the means of transportation " As Great Britain Imports feed htipplles te the value of ever 500,000.000 )caily, she is making efforts te render herbclf telf bustuiiilng and hi r efforts In India have been attended v. 1th marked results Nothing will mero engage thu attention of un Amcrlcun travellug here at this season tlnn the -vabt urea of wheat that stretches aw ny en all hands, uu Interminable sen of golden grain. One might Imuglne hlmsclf.lii the great fields of Town una Minnesota. Indctd, I de net remember larger fields lit theso states than I have been in the rich valleys of the Gauges and Gedavery " ICe.i) bome quares of thick -iOJtcbeard hun conveniently te slip under pets, Letties, etew diishes and spiders whenever )OU set them den n TatiecM-il by tlie Car. Any book of eem8 which haa the vveril "tyntnt" lu It cannot pass the Kussiau frontier The czar thinks It a direct hit at him An English book was lately tabooed bccailie It hail the sentence, "Gods free ulr " All the ulr lu Russia belongs te royalty Detroit I'ne I'iesh loe Ilrailly Ijiadel. Alnieiat every man of energy leads him self up If he has Iho opportunity aud means, u It li mero business and projects and attcupts than his brain tan held. Se that we cither are feels or else make ourselves such Iter Heinau I ubburk ou lleci. Sir Jehn Lubbeck, speaking of bees be be bo eoro the Iliitlsh nsioelutlen Hald that th r i ii s r-trnii); tvi'iii'e that Iho u. 1 1 i u feutr.dtl - i. of the egg ' .-'U2fE, A k . - J .. - I Kb TiSifTiff&52S-r r.Ti.'T-.-- AMID SEAS OF ICE. 6CENC3 AMONG THE GLACIERS THE UPPER ENOALiNE. OF Cllmhlnj tnnw rltul Alpine rlclit-tnt Amiiiiiche-r-rnrinnllen of a Olacler -A Sloralne Hew "Olacler Cern" I Termed. "Cilarlrr Tnhlra" Meulin. As far as my vision extended thcre was nothing In sight but lce und snow, and the snow was exceedingly white, I assure ) en, The driven mew v ou have In towns and plains Is a decided brown compared with the dazzling enew we saw up there nt the tops of Bniss mountains. Fen'tcr nnd forever this virgin gown lies en all the peaks, ns It nli-e covers the lower val leys in winter It has the freft leek of a deve's breast, It rests en rocks n thing of beauty, nnd often It Is veiy dangerous. It falls In soft, pure flakes, rllngs te nil the projections, cevern rocks with chnrtn. Ing traceries, nud spreads Itself like a fihect of whlte sat In ever the upper vales. But the touch of n passing eagfe's wing, the light weight of n chamois, or the careful step of nil epVrt climber will de tach It from its crest nnd send It down. Then 11 gees sliding, rumbling along, breaking nud reforming as It falls, ever Increasing in volume nnd velocity, nnd, pursuing Its wav, becomes n. devastating, tcrrible nv nhuiche that bends and breaks trees, gathers up earth aud stones, nnd rolls iule the I'.ngndlne with an nvvful sound, spreading destruction and dismay iu Its path They call these sort of things &taublawiiien,nrdiist nvalnnches, because! they ceuslst at the stnrt of cold, dry, Vovvdery snow only, and they nre often far mero powerful than n rnglnir hurri cane But the nvalauchcs usunily seen lylug In high Alpine vnllcjB, covered with dust, eurth and stones nnd grcnt trunks of trees, nre known us giuudlawlneii or vempnet nvalauchcs It wus n grnnd night en which we gazed Glaciers filled every valley nud ravine, nud the lce steed up in tall ramparts whorevcr the space was tee narrow te held Us rigid waves Glacier loe Is snow that has for n considerable tlmu been sub jected te enormous pressure If veu nquce0 n snowball In your hand uutll It Is very hard It become s ley Se lu the Alps, the continual full of snow Is the pressure and the sun's heat the warmth which produces these seas of Ice thnt nre called glaciers There are ever 000 of them In Switzerland, mid fcome nre coeval with the glacial period of this continent , whlle ethers nre new In process of forma tion Winter is their season of rest, but with the spring the) tesiime their onward motion, due te the combined action of heat und grav Itutlen Fer lu splte of their apparent immobility till Alpine gluclers de meve constantly, aft heugh with different degrees of speed nud, like liquid streams, they carry with them debris of all sorts, but prluciptlly the htenes that fall en their surface) from t lie iiieuhtnlns' sides. The glacier (.tailing lu Its purity from seme whlte unsullied peak, loses bofero iuany)car.s its spotless character The wintry frosts piitlirrlng into Iren beiidH the streams tint 1 Hi klu down the moun tain bides expand the witter iu freezing und shatter iei-ks with u ferce thnt the most Millet cliff cannot possibly resist ThiiH broken fiagmcutn drop tin te the ence unspotted besom ivf Iho lce tea and iwcll its burden with advancing )enrs. The debris thus brought down form what ure called moraines Each glacier has it noralne em cither Me of it, its end is a terminal moraine nnd when two glaciers unite their lateral moraine a join and form n medial moraine Oue of the largest medial moraines hereabout I mivv as we came down from this excursion It hi In the center of Iho Mertcrntsch (Under nnd Is nbeut fifty feet or mero bread nnd per haps twenty feet high iu its renter. We were Kt ruck by the luflnite whlto whlte whlto ness of evei)tliitig, nud I have since lcurnesl that It is owing te the prusciire of glucler com There Is em glucler clnil mountains a neve, or finely erystalllzeel hnew, which Is never fully melted, and this is tlie prettsure that forum the glacier lce. New, glucler lce is iiulte different, te thnt which results from freezing water, nnd is found te consist of crystals Mir) Ing in slze from ihut of it hens egg te u pin's head, themi jmrtie let) are knew u ?s granules or glailcr corn, uml In inlnutn loles ulr In Imprisoned Where the air bubbles ure ubseul the glacier bus it blue Ish tint, aud is un lunger that pure whlte which puzzles Mi unii!) pufrens. With the elilest guide curufully leading the vvny we walked ever the lce sen of Dlu- velezzu. lie lote we hnel gene fur en ltH level surface I saw bewlders mipperled ut seme height en ice ).uUHtulH mull stepped te oxumine them ' Gluelrr tables," Hald the gulde at the lull end of our preces slen, but his remark eeiive)ed no useful information I been wiv that they ro re wiltud fient the iiriRince of u block of ntone. It luul fullrii mi the t-ca, nud had, be te frpeak, pretei til the lee directly be neath it from the In at of the hum In consequence, while the glacier all round his lweu dissolving uml sinking, the Ice under these beuldere lm but bllghtly melted, und gradually it pillow Is forming under each leek "But the bewldi r Is net balanced evenly en the top," observed the Bosten lady It was cxpluluud te her thut bi cuuse the Mill Is uble te reach these ice pi eltstitls mere freely en the south bide than en the north the thing natural!) inclines toward the south As we wulltid along we noticed it line of sand covered mounds ubeut four or live feet high mid culminnt Ing in u sharp ridge We scraped off it llttle of thu sunel und inrth und found that u mound wus composed of ire which looked quile black when it was uncovered. The reason fei the existence) of these cones was obvious The lee protected by the band had remained ununited, and the wind had thinned the drifted heap Inte a pointed uhiipe Huudenly we heiru n e nuking sound wh'h wus aecorepunled by a uciise like that et a dlstuut explosion, und the gulde naltl this announced the formation of another ci evubbe Presently the Bound of fulling wuter, which grew louder mid louder us we approached, was hcurd, and seen we Touched n point where a stream dropped down a (.halt in the lce nud wus lest te sight 'lhe gulde called this deep hole it meullu, and he gently re Harked that it fulse btep iu its direction would tuke u fellow down beyond all human aid Agassis uml Tyndall both tried te ebcrrtulu the thii kucss of glaciers by taking soundings down these iileiilliiH Tl e form" r found no bottom at b00 feet en ene Kim und en another he estimated the thlckniiu ut 1,500 feet Cor New erk Tlmf rf Tlie CelmiUtM In l.lbi rlu. I opt Itegcrs, of the Monrovia, says ' I'rein what I have neon of the colenlHtu in Liberia I bellevu their flu ices for suc cess are eejually ut (oecl us they would be In the south It Is true that the African fever, lu many cases, rendeis them lu capable te work for awhile, but when thev become thoroughly acclimated they fine! ue ilifTleulty In initklut; a living A luriTe proportion of them ure prosperous and are hoarding up considerable wealth " Mrs M II Merrlinan, a white mlsbleu ary, tli0ers materially from Cunt Ilegers und U bitter lu lier denunciation of the cruel mennc r In which the negre colonists ure treated Mm said "I have lieen anion,; the negrees of the feuth, and I huve fceen the.ni at their worst I have been uiueug the natives of Africa for jcars as a lulsilenary, but never have I witnessed such abject poverty, sejuuler and wrote hi-dness at prevails among the negre colonists lit Liberia It Is true that the colenisation beciety furnishes them with land te work andliecpa them lu feed for nix months fiem their arrival Uut what does it avail themf Tliey are there scarcely a mouth vv lieu they ure stricken down with Af i lean fever. Heme of them survive It, but lu most cases means death When theso who fcet we." are able te go te work they find that their al lotted tlme of fcuppert by the society lias expired and they are paupers. This lsuettiwavs the euse. Whlle net ene lias evr jet been known te escape the fever, feouie of them, who possess uu usual! geed censltt -3, pet well and beceme qulte prosperous. Te the pros perous the jiaupcrs leek for their subelat cuce "Jee Heward la Ueateni Olebe. Ne Mercury, Ne Potash, Or any ether Mineral Poison. Ii Nuture'i IKmclr, m.! ictuilirtr from neon nd Hctb. It It jxrfMllr lUrmlfM. II Ii th only rimeily known le lha wertt ttinl bu r yl Ciir.l tontaQleu$ EloeJ iVIfen In all Ut ilagtt It eurci MercutUI llhfumatUm, Cner, ItarefuU.anJ oilier Woe.1 JIiim hirttoter eenil.ir.l tneurnbU. It curM nr iltM CkUMd from lmtur Weed. II II nowpra newpra Kilbxl by theuiitnilt of tli txt rhjilcUm In lb UallJ lliln, tenta. W rpiml til itstiiuinl of a f irr t 'IhinuiMal s en patinla eonralen eenralen t from fir tnl frmn niMlf with tu l". r.uiii. iln." Kacaa. nt-VVIIlle Whim wai affllctM wlih loreriiU f f ten rrrtrt 1 prt erlba a. B. 8., ana ti dar hi U a f l n.l rlml Iwr. 0.vM,inaaa,tJl.D. nicntnsri. V , IVe. II, !. Ihate Ukrn thnn beltltl of Swill iSicifln for fCeinlar liloeil eltn It aeti niuchbtlrtliinrl uli or auj eibir runMr I he rr ud. ie V. tonal n. M I) ,, i Teruiitl ct 8iii Ce., V . Pa E. J. IUik. the well known ilrnntil and ehjilclin, of Nmhillle, Ilewir.1 Ceunir. AtH I wrilli i ''lUtlng lerna uewlljj i aa f wlnl a. a. . Ii reiniK.ifU of. I eiii fitWjr roreniimnel It M lhe retnedy for all iln llt mm. It inatlen uet wbat the naina majr ba." W hate a book tttlnf a hlilorref thii wnndnrfnlrenivilr, i"l! ur,, ?rr,!"hJJ etr th. nerUl. whleli will eentlnca jnt that II wa iar la true.an.l which ttt will mall frea en application. Ne famlljr ibeul.l b without It. vVa ha aiiotharen Ooulagleui UUnl I'oUen, tent ou latu terrui. VTrlta ni a hlilery el your cam, anil our rhtitelan will aJtlia wllh jpu by Inter, In tricleit oenlldauca. VVa will net ileietta you auewliiRly. rer lale by all ilrnntltla. .In Fwirr Brtciria C , Drawer S, Atlanta, (la. flaw erk, 751 lirenlway i Aiuileu, tui. 93 Baew 1114 H'J.VAV. A XI) I.H1UOKN MOWN rtHANI). SPECIAL; vsimm k-v a vi watM .w 'Ut, V OUR OWN BRAND" run uaIjK iy h. e. slaymaker; 17e. 20 East KIdk Btroet, I.ANCABTKlt, I'A. T1WXKH. yA, AM) WINTKH OOODH. M. IIABERBUSH & SON. Fall and Winter Goods. Our Sleck or Full mid Winter Goods In new complete. We lmve tlie Largest and Fluent Stock In the city of HOUSi: HLANKirrS (All Onwles ) I .up Jil.tiiketH, In 1'lutli, Weel and Felt. Jllack und (Irey (3eat Itebes. Hudsen JUy anil L'rairle Wolf ItebeH. Iliiffale HeIrh SlberhiH Deg (Ulack) llebea. Fex aud Uoen Skin Iteties. Hi" We consider It no trouble te allow our goods A'l At HataMslL & Sen's hAUDLK. HAHNE8S, TRUNK STORE, Ne. 30 Ottntre SQuare, J.ANtlAHTKlL. I'A. VOA I, J O. MAHTI3S i CO., W holes!" and Ketall Dewtlem In all alneU Ol LUMItKK AND COAL. Yabd-Ne tu North Water and Ne. 420 North I'tlnce HtnwU.lJtncastur. l'a nt-lyd ii tllMH41tDNKK'H C'OMl'A-NVt COAL DEALERS. r g few wjtfm 1 ;i Mi '' SNJHHsBaMaw" Oiitm.-Ne. lit North yueenstruet, und Ne. VK North 1'iinre street. , yj.ra- Nnrtii I'rincM ntreet, near Ueadlng a i 1" AN AHi Kit Pa 1" UMJiKrt, COAL, ita LUMBER, COAL -AHU- ROOFING SLATE. O. SENER. & SONS. 1'IUNCK ANU WALNUTfllt., Sell Ceal el the llest Quality ut the Lewest I'liraw. lluy new, as It may be higher. jejuna THA ritLtlHB OVID M. R,: DIN .fe COLUMBIA K. B. irtani(ment of rajienaer Trains en, MU-r, aUNDAV.MAY 13,1383. anO NOllTIIWARD. Leiave A.M. 9.V, urn 12.U un IX.M 1130 a. a. 1.M r. . xm Urjarryrllln Kin? Street, l.ane. i.ancanter a.40 7.80 i 7.40 Uhlrklm 7.30 M.trlntlH Junction 7M Columbia 7 in Arrlveat' a.m. Beading M BflUTllWAKU. IKTB A.M. A.M. UraainK 7.W IL80 rmveat a.m. r.M. Marietta J unction ..e.04 188 OhlcKlM... 930 204 Oclmnlila .. 27 JJO I anrtfuilnr 0 91 1.49 Kin Street, Jjtnc 080 al.VUvWS giiBrryvlllM 10.20 BJ BUN HAY leaTe UimrrvTllle at 7 10 a, m, Ktnn street, Lane at 8 en a. m., and Ut p. Arrive nt Beading, 10 10 a. m., ana iM p. m. Iinyn Itenillnir, at 7 X a. m., ana 4 p. m Airtyent Kln Street, Lne, at 9 30 a. m., anC ft.Up.Bi QuanTVllln,ata4np m. ar ITulna connect at HeadlnE with tralna te nnci lrem 1'hllndnIphlA, rottvllle. Hamittmrc, Mlnntewn and New etk, via Bound Broek Kettle. At (inluinl)la, with truing te ana front Yerk, llnnover, tletlyiliurir, rrederlcK ana BaltV mere. At Mnrliitu Junction with tralni te and lrem lUileBli.a. At Manhelm with tntlna te ana lrem Leb non. Atlancaster June' Ien, with tralni te ana from iJinavHer, cjimrrv ville, and Chlekle. A M. wu.neN Stincrlntenaent. nKNNHyiiVANU RAILROAD I PCHRDUhK. In effect lrem June lb 1SW. Tralna Laara i.aheabtr ana leave and ar ar rlve at rmiadelphla m fellows I I eave lMTS WKSTWAUIt. rnctflc Kxpnieat.... New Kjpreaal ,.. VVity 1'AMinngKrt .... Uitlitruttivlititt.JO)) mi 2 Mall Irult-t Nlitfrarn Kxnreaa i.itnever Accem fnat I ln( I rnderlck Acoem.... I ii n caster Aecmn.... llarrlibttrK'Accem .. Le'uinhla Accem .. eMladelphla. Laiteaiter, n:-i p. in. 4 .te a m 4-Mla. m 7(0 0. 111. i:vua. m. 6:Hta m. rjea. m. n 31 a. m. 9va m 9 w a..Tn. 9-esa. m. j.-eep.m. a.ie p. m. tee p. m. ft;an p. nu 7.40 e, m, 7.M n. m. Tin Columbia 7. tun m. vln, Columbia l Midi, m via Columbia via nt- Jey. ;:up.in, i tup m. ft &uit, m. lIMp.lll. Iave Lancuiter. !:,n a, m. 8 no a. m. 8 in ft. m. SMn. in. v en a. m llitna. in. Ii0ti,ra, 2.0V ti in, 8(0 p. m. 4 isp m. is p. m. linrrtaburK Rxprestl vi uauirit a.pTcast RASTWAUII. 11:10 p. m. aititb at Fhlla. 44Sa. m. 8 Ut. m. I'll II a. Kxpreaa) rnat Unit llitrrlabtirK Irxnteaa) I nnrnater Accem .. Celuuibta Accem.... Atlantle Kxprvaa),,, Seiinhera Kxprean .. t'hllndeltiliht Acoem Ftinday Mull.. .... . I ay Kxtre3 llarrlabnrK Accem.. 10 Ma, in. via hi J or ll:ts a. in. 1 XV p. in. s.is p. m. B oe p. m. Bl5p. m: .no p. m. Hlp.m, f The only tralim whleh run dally. On Sun day the Mall train wuat rttni by way el Cel itinbla, J U. WOOD, Uenural I'aaienger AirenU UIIAS. K. I'UUll, Ueneiul ManiVKer. L KHANON A LiANOAHTKR JOINT LINK UAII.KOAl). Aiianmimiitit et raaienRer Tralni en, and alter, HtiMUAT, r, A1AT tl), 1 ,1888. NOUlUWAUl). Bonday. Liinvn a. m. r. M. r.M A.M r.M, Uiiarrvvllle. 0 08 Km KIiik btroet, I.nne.. 7.00 Lanenater 707 Manhelm 7 S3 Cornwall..., 7W Arrive al I iibuiien... Ml rUll III AUU A 0(1 8.M a.04 Ml Ml S.H r.M. 8.4A 4.00 5.18 143 IS 4.1 1.18 140 8.1S 8.4S 8. SO 81 9.17 9W 1J18 7.10 I .eave a M. I ebanen., ., 7 W Cornwall........ . , I'll r. m. MM l'i45 l.U 148 r.M A M 1M 8 10 8.40 Ml 7 7 48 Munbelm t.m LanoeaUir, 827 .Arrive at KIiih atroet, Lmie.. 8 ) H.13 8 4; l.U tft 9.20 A. M. WILSON, Huiit- IU U n s.NKrr, Hupt u. u.it U&Uread. UK A T1NU. riKLLAK HKATKRS. FLINN & BBBNEHAN'S cellar a Heaters AKB THK HKUr IN T11K MAUKS1 -ANO PBIOES THE I0WE8T. ALL WOIIKUUAIIANTKEO, FLINN k BltlffiAN, CONTUAOl'OKS OT Plumbing & Hiitgii Ue. 102 North Queen Street, LAMdAHTKK I'A VAKl'KTH. -lAKl'KT UliKANO. tj STEAM Deut Ket Touch Your Carpels, when bavInK llieiu Uleuntd .it LANCASTER Steam Carpet Cleaning Works, AS MANVBUITOH. II It did It would ruin them, ltaltnply drives the inachlnety 'lhe process of clean lug will net injure) tbe most delicate fabric, -will net lnluru u cariiet near as mueh as hand ele'inltiK. Toprevoltwe will Kivoyeuauaw carpet of tame ejuailty It we Injure yours. One of thu bust proof Is te see the ma ehlnury weralns leu ara welceme at any tlmu. It la tbe only aystein that will thoroughly clean a carpet und restore tee colons. LKAVK OKUKU1 AT SniRHL'el OARPBT HALL, or J. B. MARIIN&OO. Mr TEI.Kl'll INK. HUVJti tPtltMX OWX.S. c AL.L AND HKH -THK- ROCHESTER LAMP Atxty Candle-Light i Beats them all. Anether Letet CUEAt' Ol.OUfcs iar ejas aJ OUBWvea. THB " PBlRFBOTlOrl " .rrrjju meuliunu uuimm cucmeJi WFTHER STRIP Meauthercl. rhlaatilp outwears aUethen, Seeps out the cold, step retUIng et wUidewi. f xclude tna auat. niwp uut '"zTZtZTS j..wyiWJtt Se"3eatf ' AI,lnt,h7ftHCte005fiSrP "uSSi Sterej mOTm Jehn i?. Sehaiim & Sens, H4 SOOTH qebbsn av., .aNOASTKU. I. w. U F1SHKB, UKNT1BT. rartlrular atieniteu " -""Tl. and preservlntt ute natuw ."" ;,zrfE the fiteal improvements ler de in nlea m at a very ruaaenaum "-, i'JrAim taarlva pertenei la the larce clOes I am lgg Iho beat et .MtlslMJWn Jg" ws 5 8.8S XM 4.04 O 1S r. m. . -,3 SUN g T ft? , SS '4 M m , 1 , 4 i sl l 1 n nl
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