VOL. vim THE PEOP.LVS JOURNAL. PSILISFILD EVERY THURSDAY MOtU ox &MOOR AVERY. Terms—Au Advance: 'One copy per annum, $l.OO Village subscribers, 1.25 TERMS OF ADVERT'S/NC : 1 1 @goitre, of 12 lilies or less,l insertion, $0.50 " 3 insertions, 1.50 every subsequent insertion, .25 Mute at ut figure work, persq., 3 iusertious, x.OO if.very subsequent insertibp, .50 •1 column, one year, .4.00 , 1 column, six mouths, 1,5.00 Administrators' or Executors''Notices, '2.00 Seks ' per tract, 1.50 ; I , refessionaleards not exceeding eight Hues :kaserted for $5.00 per annum.. q'tt.zil letters on business, to secure et should be addres,led (post paid) to Publisher. the Ldminitaltip Vivo , of Poradox Sovezeigncy Jtis well to have clear ideas of the resent controvqrsy between Mr, Tierce's administration and the people of the free states. What is the doc trine of the administration in regard to the sovereignty of Elie people with in the limits of the territories? What policy do the administiation propow to follow, what ,ohject have they in view, as the irk...snit of that doctrine? ' The doctrine held by the adminis tration is laid down by one of its or gans, the Richmond Enquirer, whose exposition. we quote in another part of this sheet. It is.thi's. The people of Kansas or any other territory 11.4..ve a right to "govern thorn selvei and regulate their own affairs is their own way—subject only to the efinstitutit,n of the 'United States." lilt under the constitution of the flitted States, says the Richmond Enyuirer, the slaveholders of the Sot have a )hilt to hold slayes within any .ofthe territories. It follows therefore, that in regard to the institution of kdavery, the people of the territory are ,not at libel ty to regulate their own af fairs. As long as the country is in the emdi.ion of a territory, slavery is es tablished there by the constitution, ,and they cannot abolish it. The south,. pro master ir,is a r z ,giit to migrate tilt: tiler with his Nv - ork -people, holding them as property until the territory becomes a state. "With a view to ad mission into the Union," the Enquirer admits that. the "people of each terri tory may feral and regulate their domestic institutions. "Preparatory to their admission into the T.lnion," trays the same journal in another place, "they may decide whether they will pin mit or prohibit slavery." But they Cannot prohibit slavery at an earlier period. Neither can Congress in any manner prohibit slavery in the terri tories. .It cannot, says the Enquirer, "legislate against slave property," but it may legislate to "secure the rights of American citizens" in the territory. That is tl p sole question, it vets, which ro igt ess has to decide. To this conclusion the great princi ple of popular sovereignty, as held 1 y the administration and its friends, con ducts us. Qver the question' of slavery the people of Kansas have no power; their hands are tied by the constitu tion; they cannot get rid of it if they would, as long as their region is a territory of the United States. When at, length it shall become populous : enough to form a' state, and the slave= holders so numerous and so powerful as rohavo theirown way, the advocates of freedom _ere kindly permitted to gel. rid of slavery, if they can, in their E.t49 ponsl.itutioo. In all other pies., pons of territorial government the settlers of the territory are to be sovereign; in the matter of slavery they 'are submissively to receive the law' of the Scnith. This is a compendious and most convenient way of extending the, in stitutions of the South, but it has its practical difficulties. • If the people of the territories are permitted to 19g ig ' late for themselves in other Tate rs, they may take it into their foolish heads to legislate in regard to that species of property which consists of men and women, in spite of tho constitution. Those -w 9„. hold the administration doctrine foresaw this difficulty, and provided for. lqr, Pierce gave the territory a Governor who was thought to be of the right stamp, and the slave- ... . _ . .. • - ' ~ ..'1 :-..:::: - r);; - .. - ... , ...t;,1 * in 717.°4 1...!( , !..) iv?: 1 -rff:l .. s : "1•24.. tit-t n!♦ r;'frfr7:l3 ' , - 7 - :-.' , 1 ' f ': - . - . ••• ''." 7 ''''; •;•• ''•"- • , ' • . • . ...,, 4 •'. •••, •I ...,•;••••:•-• '-:, - :c. 51 , 1f.4 . .., •'ul :; 1 2... • .;• .i . - , . 7.. : :.....:: .:,,, ...... ::.. ~.....:„.. ~ ",:z . :1111') , . - 1 11 St '3" :): i ::r- - ' '' - .- tal t ' ..... , ••-• '-• -...!.. ~ ~ .1 ~.; ::.!1- I ,t *it '.... T.:., i .1 - ,-,,•••,, . . ~„ . .. „ ( • -.•-• •••• .. - •Cr : *•'• it -i -,,, '„•• ...",,,,, E ;:‘,." -•:. I i ,• I - r. j . , , ~. • • , :-- •:•'. ~.,..) - '......t/A .•;.- ••• • 4.:„. ' •%—• ••'. i+ , • ' :71: 4 . .. . ,•••'" ,-.;;:: 1' 1, •:.; - y:l, - .:.::: , ...: 21.;.': • i ", :••:.:,.: - ; v...f2: .::,-...-, ....::. ..i . -. '..: i:. i • ,••. : . : •, • • ... ~.', .:• .f ' . -,.. .. - holders of AtisSouri sent over ii4de' of armed ruffian EG , who foe& isesaeislon and the polls n - gave the "territory a legislature. This legislature proved_ faithful to, its employers, but the Gov.! ,ernor serupla to act with them, • on' which he was proMptly recalled, and .axpan of whose ~ , I lling- n ess to be used .es a stool uo posti•ble doubt existed, -vas put b in his place..: In tlis way.4.he difficulties,in the way of ad ministration - • policy ,were - happily overcome, and the principle Of spatter sovereignty gloriously vindicated. .The people of the territory were. withheld -from "legislating against slave property," . In violation oft - he constitution, and the enemies of slavery, by a code of judi cious laws, were deprived ofithe right of suffrage, and. made liable to an im prisonment often years in the -peni tentiary, if they dare to utter orprinf a word vevionlng the doctrine, :laid down by the Richmold Enquirer, of the constitutional inviolability. of. 914- . very. Tiro° . was when the politicians of the South spoke of slavery as '.something "peculiar" to themselves ; it was then a //delicate subject"..,that was one of the names they gave it; a matter with . which the t•ast of the Llujon had noth-.. lug to do; tithing to be only discussed by the, southern people anon them selves,. and of which they would , allow others to speak. The.friends of the administration', as our readers will. perceive on looking. at the extract we have made from the Richmond print,. now claim for it a national character;- it is not .a "peculiar institution;" it is genera) and national ; it pervades the whole frame of the. goyernment ; one of the objects of ti3o J zonsatntion ryas` to cherish, protect and extend it, . and while Congress cannot //legislate against it," its duty is to pass' jaVs, confirming and securing pi)p 'rights_ which are claimed under it. Such being the state of things, )Vt3 put it to - our readers, }mall seriousness, to say whether any convention, as sembled. in the free states for political purposes, and taking notice of patients): questions, particularly I convention calling itself democratic, can be par doned for pis ring orer in silence d.oc trines so enormously latitudinarian—, doctrines which bind hand and foot, the government and the, people of the the states, and: the government and . people of the territories, and lay them ponierless and helpless atthe footstools of the colossal institution of slavery.: If there was over an occasion on which the democrats of New York wore: re-, quireil to remonstratewith the utmost boldness and plainness Against an at tempted perversion of the obliptiona and powers of the government, it is liow. . BErrsit rums The American Harvest of. ISss,is great one, after making all reasonable deductions for partial failures of Wheat from the ravages, of insects or from foul weather in July, and for, tholes's or damage of. Hay. .from the., latter source. Indian Corn is very late, and liable to be seriously injured by early twits ; but the yield tivill be groat, though the quality may be: interim. This _country never before produced so much food for cattle as this year, and the annual product - for Butter and Cheese must exceed . :all precedent. Rye and ()att . ' wore never . better ; and there will be a grent yield of Buck wheat, even if early frosts should kill a part of it. Potatoes suffer c' onsitlef-: ably in this vicinity from the fatal rot; but there was a great area planted, and their general appearance is .still' thrifty and luxuriant. The env -will he large, at the worst ; while fee other roots there naver . w.as so good a pros pect as this season: Pruit, too, In this region, and almost: - eveTyWhere else, is most abundant. We ought, therefore, tolave better, times --better, net merely for Meer-, mers, who will Oftenfind - their increas ed ,product 'balanced' . by redueed prices ; but better for thentirevorri 7 munity. Out - merchants should' lie enabled to' paybetter - than last:year-if DEVOTED ,TO ,TME PRINCIPLES 43P,,DEMOcRaM AWD THE DISSEMINATION OPMORALITY, LITERATURE, AND 'NEWS '*COVDERSP()RT, TOTTER COUNTY, PA.,' OCTOBER 25, 1855. ;Ziff Have. steady : wadi :as well .as cheaper Load.; 'our laborers find: employment for: the ban<l'aeason ..opening , them on reverYside, in censtrast,.With . the en forced idleness and destitution . of hit Muter: , And, as - a . -bexieftcent .conite;, quence cif:.titis . , .improvement in our get*al ,conctiliori 'We:entreat our far seers, so far as poisible, to turn over a new leafin the" matter of . deht and_ credit, arid . . resolve - firmly vat. to . mortgage theiti crop before they have grownit,' , hat - litnit their purchases to their Means and pay 'as they /s tthiS advice hard to follow 3 By no means, is.ently Lsgin to follow at. We know•that rnanyif ink" os t of our farmers are an debt, and .cannotieetantly :extricate thetiiselve's ; but they can get out.and keep out of mercantile debts'if they will. Payoff i the - mortgage gradually, but have no Canning accounts at' the •atoreithey are issues thrntigywhieb Many a noble patrimony has run out. .The merchant does and 'mast charge more if he ered . - its than he would if he sold only for 'ready Pay ; there is no help for it. On the cash system, he might turn his capital over , several. _ times • in each -year; now .he does very well if he turns it once. :The easy, Slouching • frit nier Means' to. 'square. all off when he. sells his grain , or hip cheeie; but the account is a good deal- larger than he' supposed it would or • could . .be ; then, his daughter is to be married, or' his son is setting's& to the West and must have' an outfit; ao he pays part, gives a note for the balance, and be ginsto run up a new score. * The : merchant considers him good in the long run, and continues to trust hint ;, but next year frost, or flood, or hail,' ac droutli; cuts crops short ;• and now the whole year's'bill must be Put iota a new note, and interest, added to the old enc. - Finally, the debtor be-, Bowes discouraged and takes to drink., ing; he falls sick and is eaten up by doctor's bills ; his farni and . all be' has go to:eredit.ors; so be paddles off fur some new location, anti the .mer chant loses his• customer and a part if not the whole of his debt: ' Such is the vicious system which keeps our farmers al way sin debt to the merchants, .the. Country to, the City, and. America. to Europe. Its complete. abolition would boa . .great help to : American manufactures and indeatrial 'develop ment, which are now crippled because the wealthy, and long-established for eign producer of I'Vres and Fabrics, having the command of unlimited capital at lciw rates of interest, can give larger and longer credit than his comparatively young and, poor Ameri can rival can possibly afford., Hence a bad harvest impels a commercial ,ermvulsion; it has been. eaten up be fore it was grown, anditsfailiqe Works universal •bankruptcy.. The farmer or 'planter cannOt• pay his. merchant t. he isconierpiently in default to the jobber; he to the , importer ; and the latter to' the inatiufaCtureforhis: banker in Eu-: rope: :.-And all;theupat..and risk of all this full six last on '-the men. who. save , and those And pay. The 'Merchant muat,eharge profit enough on'his good sales to eover. hia bad., debts., If this year's crop were'to pay for.next, , year's goods instead - of last ; year's ' the diicers''Would 'recsiie'tent•'per cent . • . • " • ; . • ... More for it than can now be given The true principles of Business are little undeiste - cninmeng ns. We hare too, many merchants, too many - unpro ductive consumers generally. If :our farmers and artisans would never buy cods until they were ready to pay for therd, competition would reduce the profit thereon,toTnne-fourth its present. Avprage per centage, And liberate seven-eighths efour traders to engage in some other pursuiti If ono - tenth' of thetri'. kneiv enough to stop crediting infithcibly, reducelheir prices to the , fair cost .of procuring end selling (+tithe - cash systern,And then spend, for n . :year or . two, half.their! profits in ad vertising;•they-Wbuld inevitably - secure nine : tenth4ftheentire.trade. - Thrifty = farmers would not ,eontinue to pay as they now da, though the mercantile credit' system, twelve to twenty-five' per cent. for the use of money,. which they might borrow directly 'on good; security et siz or seven per Lent ; and as to the unthrifty and irresponsible, who would still adhere to the credit . system, they would !mt. out uhose who trusted them. It is the thoughtless.ad hesion of the better Class which keeps the system on , its legs; whenever they let go, it must fall. And as for the merchants, who, seeing its siesta, still cling to the credit system becauie they think they cannot otherwise find cus tomers, they are the . ' victims of deluSioo. A few years since, it was supposed that newspapers must be sent out on credit ; but a few bold spirits revolted; and now three-fourths of the periodiCals sent out from _cities ,- - itre paid for in advance, to the signal ad vantage of all parties. It need's but adequate effort,by competent and sub stantial men, to work a similar revolu tion in Commerce—a revolution which the trueinterest of all classes impera tively demands.—N. Y. Tribune. TWO LAWS FOE 'pre LADIES b. Before you bow to a lady in the street, permit her. to decide . whether yoU may do so or not, by at least a look of recognition.; • • 2, When ypur•companiun bows to a lady; you shobld do the same. Wben a gentleman bows to a lady in your company, always bow to bimin return. • * *Nothing is so ill understood in America as those conventional laws of society, so well understood and practiced in Europe. Ladies corn plain that gentle - men pass. them by in the streets unnoticed, when, in fact, the fault arises from their own breach of politeness. It is their duty to do the amiable first, for it is a privilege Avtirch - ladies_enjoy_of choosing their own associates or acquaintances : _.' No gentleman likes to risk the being cut in the streets by a lady, through a premathre salute. Too many ladies, it would seem, "don't know their trade" of politeness. Meeting ladies in the streets whom one bas casually met in company, they seldom how unless he bows first, and when a gen tleman never departs from the rule of good-breeding, except occasionally by way of experiment, his acquaint ances do not multiply, but he stands probably charged with rudeness. The rule is plain. A lady_ must be civil to a gentleman in whose company she is casually brought; but a gentleman is not upon this to presume upon ac quaintanceship the first time he after wards, meets her in the street. If it be. her will, she gives sortie token of recognition, when the gentleman may bow; otherwise he must pass on, and consider himself a stranger. No...lady need hesitate to bow to a gentlenian, for he will promptly and politely an swer, even if hehas forgotten his fair saluter. = None. but a brute can d o otherivise--1-should he pass on rudely, his character is declared, and there ii . a cheap 'riddance. PoliteneSs;•or good breeding is like .law—"the reason of things." - • . . F r om *yin . ' Taylor's new Book of Travels. Vint View orthe Rii?imalaya litatuttidas. It' Was about eight in the morning —an atmosphere of crystal, and nut a cloud in. the sky., 'Yet something white and shining glinimered through the loose foliage of some trees on my right hand. My heart came into my naotith,with the sudden bound it 'gave, when, after plunging through the trees like one.: niad, tumbling • into a ditch on the other side, and scrambling up a great pile• of dirt, I saw the. Hi malayas before me ! Unobscured by a single cloud or, a speak of vapor, there stood. revealed the whole mountain re gion;from the low-range of the Sitva- - lilt Hills,' about twenty. miles distant, to the loftiest pinnacles of eternal snow, which look_down_ on China and Thibet. The :highest range, though rszosE MOM much more than I:Chandra miles, dis tant, as the crow flies, rose as far into the sky asthe Alps ai forty miles, and with every glacier and chasm and spire of antraden snow as clearly .13.6- fined. Their true d magnitude, there fore, wras not fay. appareut, because the eye refosed.te credit the interven ing distance. But the exquisite love liness of the shadows painted by the morning on those enormous wastes of snow, and the bold yet beautiful out- ' lines of the topmost zones, soaring to a region of perpetual silence and death, far surpassed any 'distant view of the Alps or any other mountain chain I ever saw. As seen from Boor khee, the. Himalayas present the ap pearance of three distant rauges. Tho first, the Siwalik. Hills, are net more than two thousand, feet in height ; the second; or Sub-Himalayas, rise to eight or nine thousand, while the loftiest peaks of the snowy range, visible from this point, ale 25,000 feet above. the sea. Far in the nortii-west was the Chore, an isolated peak, which is almost precisely the height of Mont Blanc, but seemed a very pigmy iu comparison with the white cones be yond it. ANOTHER VIEW OF THE To the north, I looked into the. wild heart of the Himalayas—a wilderness of barren peaks, a vast jumble of red mountains, divided by tremendous clefts and ravines, of that dark :indigo hue which you sometimes see on the edge of a thunder-cloud—but in the back ground' towering far, far above thern,, Jose the mighty pinnacles' of the Gungootre, the Jtimnoorte, the Efudreena.th, and the Kylas, the -heav en of India, where the. Great God, Mahadoo, still sits on his throne, in accessible to mortal foot. I was fifty miles nearer these . mountains than at RoOrkhee, when 'I first - beheld them, and with the additional advantage of being mounted own foot stool equal to one-third of their height. They still stood immeasurable above me, so cold, aid - cleat, and white, that without krowledge to:the. contrary, I 'should have said that they were -not more than twenty miles distant. "Ira us the crow flies, a line of seventy miles would scarce have reached their sum- MEI WHAT SELF-DENIAL CAN DO 1: It cau make the poor rich. The chiefreason why so many are miser- - ably poor, is, because they eat up, or wear out, or waste all they get. When people . learn to lay by something from each day's earnings, they .soon acquire a competence. Nor is there any other way to - do it. Even the fool-hardy speculator and the unprincipled, gam bling swindler; are obliged to observe this rule, or they would have nothing. it is no matter now much or how little people receive ; they shoUld try daily to spend less than their incomes.— They absolutely must do this, or sink to beggary. Pecuniary independence is,therefore,only anothet name for that frugality which fixes one's disburse ments:somewhat below his receipts.— The excess, accumulating by degrees, so,,n places the individual above ab ject dependence. He who spends all must inevitably and always be poor.= But a. little money, joined to the habit of Laving, is decisive; it makes a man 2. It can give character. The road to most vices is merely self-indulgence. Men rarely become vicious, who are endowed with much self-control. The candidate for prisons, infamy arid death is one who cannot resist appetite— one that must have whatever he desires whether or not it ,accords with the sa cred principle of right. Our prisons are filled with this trash. 'Their vic 7 time are the slaves of evil passions; the vast numbers gathered into these receptacles of crime, are .but the mere drift-wood of society, borne onward helplessly to a common resting place. Whatever was fabled of tie Syrens, is true of the non-resistant of his own corrupt Will; 1 3.. It can: give_ health. Thousands =E== pedish ,needlessly 'because iihsw hal rather:waste their time in, idleniss4, than devote it to the , acquisition gienic knowledge ; death and :illsOujii are their choice, is compared.,wjth the pains-taking diligence fr ieinttn44,hy self-preservation. _Others, aftil espf* ally 'those addicted to lipase * °flats ,cating liquors, and similar expedjoets "for exhausting life t pracer the pleasures of a morbid taste tothe salutary effects of abstemiousness. Let the, dissips;) tea . youth, as he .goes . down to !las grave, remember shot. _ had .Lis choice—life ho might have on *slues terms that other people have it. 4. It can give happiness. 9ne of the most fruitful anurees of misery ie unregulated desire. People, .know sot what they need. nor , tv what ex seat. The lust of having is boundless. In the mean time;_what 'they hay's. dOes -them no good : " Still utsenjoied the present Aare, Still endless sighs are breathed for,ntolli.! The true philosophy.of life ise to eGilt+ trar..t our desires until we are derouily thankful for what we hare, and only anxious fur more as far' and as fast as it may be the will of God to giro it .to ut. Such persons are happy with.. a little—they know both how to be full, and how to suffer need, and .in wltat." soeyer state they be, therewith to be content. This happy frame of ,nfinoll is the bulwark of virtue. Persons thus satisfied, and able .to .coutrol-themselres will not make baste. 5. It can give wisdom. Ignorasce is the result of perversion. Time intended as a season of learning, is which every needful acquisition shall be made in season ; but . most- ! think time is made solely or chiefly for. en joyment; hence, whilst other plod through heavy tomes, and study pro. foundl7 to know, ,these While. away the precious morning of life in foolish, if not utterly brutal plea. ores. -. Oth ers were as free as they, but', not so foolish—they dare not waste the 'gifts of God on the frivolties of a day., 6, It can give success. The pnin• cin3l difference between the success ful and the unsuccessful man lies- , iu the fact that the former holds his pis. sit)n.s. ; appetites, whims and frealtff iu abeyance, - Wtrile he does the work he promises to do; the other does 'both in of the kind :- he is the sport:of every new project, and' is borne Wherever his propensities lead, without any , re ference to duty or obligation. Thero is a time for new plans and projects, but it is after the old have been .exe cuted, or proved to be incapable of execution. The ruin of most ks, they execute feebly. Not having the power of self denial, they are carried off by some new project before the old ono is accomplished. So 41 . morals, they cannot have success, because they Can- not be steady to-a purpose. A .YANKEE Joite.—The Lowell Ad vertteer says that the Rev. Gate: recently married Mr. Jesceli Pea to Miss Martha Rails. If that trio don't make a good Pe.nre, we should like to- know what-willi L "Feel how silky and soft 'my hand is," saidan.oxquisito to a young lady with whom he - was "c3nTerain& the Other--evening. "It is unnecessary, Sir," said 'oho, "I can perceive it by yotir hcad:". (k' Tho most trifling promise a parent can make to children. should always be adhered. to, as .negligence in that particular teaches a lossolA or deceit. " "How seldonilt happens," re• rnarted one friend to mint!, er; "thit web find editors bred to the Euxiineil." "Quite as , seldom," replied` the, other, "that wo find tha - biiiineOLievaal to the editors." . . r p To stand in fear office people* censure or common talk. Lt4yargne a harmless and peaceable mind. IRA never a brave and truly tiepin acoL Children. have triore need a. guides in reading, , khan in walking,. EMI ,:i.i. - ;?, .-,'. -c',-7:', ::-:).1.?8: - La• pr..i.. t,f::~,,r. 1 i-.:UliiT 1"" , 1I . ; 'MN= L. 'Z. • 110 Ili
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers