THE PEOPLE'S JOTJRNAL, JNO. S. MANN, A. AVERY, Editors, OODIFAISPORT, THURSDAY MORNING, FEB. 8, 1855 n 7-3 ' We are under obligations' to - Transcribing . Clerk of the Irkuse, fur valuable public documents. Mercury . btood at 28 deg. be icktizero on Tuesday morniug last, being the coldest mcirniug in this sec tion for eighteen years. janVe ask attention to the call fora- meeting of the teachers of the county, on Saturday the 17th inst., to form a Teachers' Institute. We hope there will be a general attendance. L The township elections will be ield in this county on Friday, the 16th inst. We hope every voter will take an interestin the matteri and thus 'secure faithful and capable men to look after our home interests, for if the townships are only well cared for, Ile Nation will take care of itself. Uf Arthur G. Olmsted, Esq., will deliver the next Lecture before the Literary Association on Tuesday even ing, February 13. As Mr Olmsted niways speaks well when he under, takes to entertain the public, we Oust be will be rewarded with a full house, as a trilling return for the labor and tare bestowed upon his Lecture.. --re We publish an excellent com inunicathm on the first page from the Rev. Alvin Coburn, in reply to some strictures of our pro-slavery neighbor 'on the clergy and their proper. sphere: We publish this communication with great ple::Atro, but must inform our friend that no person in. this commu nity ever thinks of notieing, the mis represent:ail:it/sof the sheet refor:ed to. LJ The Eastern question is still clouded in darkness. Sevastopol is not taken, and the fighting lia.;• ceased. Negotiations for peace are on foot, and there is talk in the diplomatic circles of Europe of a new Congress to be bell at Vienna for the settle ment of ail questions now disturbing the ,1e.1y , ;! , ; of the old Ivorht. Should this Congn.ss meet and do anything, the shall advise our readers thereof. Prqs -- I.N - J.Nt.t.Serroor.Jocr.sm..—The Jan nary r of this ra:ualt:e niorPlV.y, con' tains a Ina re , , , ort of the proceedings, discus. - **ions , . &c..11.(1:1:. the late session of the r4tate 'rencla A-scelation, itt Lewi.s:olN rt. The 'J own ii is Bier we!eottle, and furnishes a large ,anontr. ,:fta:ttalt . .e educational platter. Tertus per year, T. 11. Burrowes, [E. paper. n , (!tl to think just so about the Journal, 1:Ist have not-seen it of late. 'Willa 'inner ? furnit.hes us some Moro thoughts on reform, which will bC folnd in another column. His EiriCtUITS - on the evils of the credit system (I..serve attention, but we think tiler,: are not more than three town-shi?s in the county, where the Fehool Ana; are so badly managed,. eaat tho :-chool draft will not be taken by and• merchant, or at any of the tend (gees:. and those three, we ifirtz, are reforming; so that we think this evil of the credit system, pointed but by our correspondent, will soon be removed. Fa" All the fathers of Democracy - tvere bppohed to the increase of slavery,---as were all the great men and parties in the early. days tifthe Republic. But now, a great interest at BO; Sou h, the Slave power, with its three Millions of s:ave.s, has drawn the Democratic party front its proper position. The effort has been successful to draw the Democratic party from the principles of Republicanism, into the support of one of the must infamous !systems of tyranny in the world. The Whig party, also, 'hough not naturally a pro-slavery party, Its been drawn into the same position, iis union wilt the South. The existence trod aggressions of this great slave Power, hare rendered it necessary to organize an .itntagenistie patry.-11on. D. Wilmot. Is there an intelligent man in this bounty who doubts the truth of the above statement of Judge Wilmot? If true, arc not all honest mon bound to abandon the pro-slavary parties, and unite in a party of freedom for the defeat of the 61ave Power? I=7"A virtuous mind chooses such lunusemeuts as least tend to vitiate the affections. It is difficult for the wisest of us to tell out of what trifles our prejudices Und opinions have been gradually tompAsed." • 347,4.52 men hold 3,553,412 hu 4nan_ beings in slavery in the United states, and 80,000 of these control the polities of the South and the General Gocenmtent, Front the N. Y. Evening Post iOT LILW, JUSTICE, As our readers are. Mint of them aware, S. M. Booth,-,the editor of a paper in Milwaukee,- lib.s ,'been foUnd guilty of assisting in the r scape..Of fugitive slaves from 'the fangs of their pursuers, and has been fined the sum of $l,OOO. The resolution of the jury who brought in the verdict of" guilty," is one of the most Mortifying com mentaries upon the spirit and charac-' ter of the Fugitive Slave Law that we have yet seen. It runs as folloWs: "Resulted, That while we feel ourselves bound by a solemn oath to perform a most painful duty, in declaring the defendant guilty of the above charge, and thus making him liable to'the penalties of a !DOA cruel and odious law, yet, at the same time, in so doing, we declare that he performed a most noble, tenerdenti and Immune all, and we thus re cord our condemnation of the Fugitive. Slave Law, and earnestly commend him 'to the cleinemw of the court." The act for which Mr. Booth was tried was" most noble, benevolent, and humane," but 'such acts, the law which they were required to obey, pro nounced worthy of fine and-imprison meat. The Independent notices this judi cial scandal this week, and makes the following suggestion, which we spe cially commend to the attention of our bent volent readers: "A practical demonstration, Of the sym-, pathy of Christians with the cause of freedom and humanity, awl with those who suffer in. that cause, should at 011C0 be made in con nection with this case. Let the fine of one thousand dollars, imposed . upon lIIr. Booth, ha raised in subscriptions of one dollar. We have already thirty dollars volunteered for this purpose, in one dollar subscriptions. \%e appeal to the friends of humanity to bear their testimony to "a most noble, benevolent, and humane act." We appeal to Christians to share the burdens of one called to suffer for such an act. Let oar sympathy for the slave and our detestation of oppression, find instant utterance through this channel. "Reader, when you have read this para graph, taw immediately one dollar from your pocket. and mail it to The Independent, with a line saying 'For S. M. Booth, from -;' or, which is better, go among your neighbors and raise five, ten, twenty dollars, and for ward the same to us with their names. We engage to keep a record of all subscribers, andto report the fiind when complete. Action should be prompt and earnest."- . Mr. Booth was sentenced to one month's imprisonment in addition to the fine of $l,OOO. We rejoice at the t feeling manifested in New-i"ork, and hope quite a number in Potter county will feel it a privilege to assist in the payment of this infamous fine. We trust the sum raised will be at least ten times the amount of Booth's fine, so that a fund will be on band ready to assist the next victim: If the free \orth•is true to herself, these treason trials and slave law. pet- 7 sccutions will soon be the death of Slavery. That a wholesome public sentiment is growing tin under them,. there is abundant evidence, and the following, front the Cleveland. Leader, shows how this persecution of S. M. Booth is bringing fold' glorious fruit in Milwaukee: " Monday, the '2%h, the Supreme Court of Wisconsin grained Booth cud Ryecraft, in prison for the same crime,' a writ of habeas corpus. When about to start for Madison, -where the Judges are, all Milwaukee -was afoot. Two THOUSAND :4E.£\ thrilled in pro cession at the jail, and amid cheers which made the welkin ring, and stirring music, bore the prisoners, as if-in glorious triumph, to the Railroad siation. And there. as • the heroes' departed, the outburst of feeling, coming fresh from the people's heart, proclaimed their hatred of the despotic Fugitive Act under which they were tried, their horror and de testation of the Judicial tyranny, not to say corruption, by which they were convicted, and their resolve, despite of that despotic act and this Judicial tyranny, to resist both, what ever the cost or hazard.:' HON. HENRY WIISON The Legislature of Massachusetts has done itself honor in electing this fearless champion of freedom to the Scnatt• of the United States. His term will expire on-the 4tlr of March, 1859. We know of no man . in. New Eng land, whose election to the Senate would have given the friends of free dom greater gratification. How this election is looked upon at 'Washing ton, the following letter to the N. Y. Tribune will show: WASHINGTON, Jan. 31, 1855 The Telegraph brings us the new of Wil son's election to the Senate of the United States. The rcjoicieg among'the .Wh;gs and Republicans it would do you good to witness. Another vote against slavery extension ; an other vote for the repeal of the Fugitive Slave act, and another vote for EmancipttiOn in the District of Columbia, are among the anticipated fruits of this election. All these questions will come up before the close of the present Congress, and they will never be allowed to sleep again until they are settled in favor of Freedom. 'The people of the North begin to hanker after such men as Henry Wilson, middle Union savers of Boston and elsewhere may as well begin to acknowl edVe it, and act upon it. Those who think it. was Know-Nothingism that elected Wilson, it is said, deceive themselves. His friends express their opinion, when asked if that was really the reason of his election, by a long and significant whistle. Of course, there are many who would have preferred such a man as Charles Francis Adams, Stephen C. Philips, or R. 11. Dana; but, under the cit..- cumstauces. they deem it better that a pretty strong dose should be administered to Boston Whiggery. The legacy that Daniel Webster leaves to the United States Senate is Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson. These are the first fruits of his-famous 7th of March speech. The latest news from Europe says that Mr. Mason is not dead. p*:l4l.UsA:4(ti.V.V.l:44 -The priiiaipFes of this party are represented at the North and at the South. At the North' it is charged that ther . party, is pro-slavery, and at the South that - it - sustains the abolitioniiits. The fact of •its' being an American party shbuld stamp both assertions as untrue, It is neither pro-stavery nor also, lition, but contends for the rights Chiles whOle nation as guaranteed by the Constitution. Cannot its opponents imagine a party to exist in this country free from all intermeddling With the subject of slavery 7 Why must . slavery be necessarily introduced? Our father's formed the constitution, and we accepted it as they gaVe it, leaving each State to.act upon the subject of slavery as it may feel disposed or consider for its interest. . The American party does not 'choose to mik itself up with a great multitude of issues, either new or old. It has a great work to do —sufficient to command its undivided attention. And it will not divide and weaken its power by 'attempting too 'many things.—American Watchirtint. The Watchman will soon learn, if it does any credit to its name, that it. is not possible for a party to exist in this country without meddling with the subject of slavery. The slave power is constantly seeking to increase its strength and influence. Now the American party must either acquiesce in the aggressions of slavery, or it must oppose them. If it does the former it will be pro-slavery, if the latter it will be (jecidedly anti-slavery. To do neither is impossible. ANTI-SLAVERY RESOLUTION Mr. LOTT, of Warren county, has, intro duced iuto the house, joint resolutions; in structing our Senators and requesting. our representatives in Congress to vote againSt the admission into the Union of every State whose constitution pormits 'slavery, and to join M every constitutional effort to check the advance of this national evil. These are important resolutions, and will likely lead to an interesting discussion. We believe they embody the sentiments of a large majority- of the members of the Legislature, and however bitterly they may be opposed by a few 'dough faces,' they willno doubt pass. The verdict of tha people at .the . late election was so unequivocal and. emphatic against the further extension of sht'ery,. that the Legislature will only be acting in accordance with the popular will in adopting Mr. Lott's resolutions.—liar ristarg Hcrald. T ell done, Mr. Lott. Now bring the members to a vote and.let us see whether anything was settled by the late ehlction. We join the Herald.- in its belief that these resolutions are in accordance with the popular will, and we rejoice most heartily that Mr. Lott has so promptly proposed the remedy 'for slavery propagandism. No more glare States. Let the flee . States adopt this position and they will prevent the further extension of slavery, and it s the only thing that will do it. MORE TROUBLE IN KANsis.-- , One of the proviions of the Nebraska-Kansas bill vests in the Governor of Kansas the power of appointing justices of the peace and other local officers of the territory. The Governor, in the exercise of this power, did. not appoint such persons as suited the Missouri party, and accordingiv the latter have held a 'meeting at Nickupoo City. at which they elected other justices to act instead oldie legal ones. This is a new version of the squatter sovereignty.— North American, . We think the meeting at Kickapoo acted in strict accordance with the Douglas doctrine of the Nebraska If the people . of that Territory have a right to say that it may be cursed with the blight of Slavery, surely they have a right to cle - ct their own officers, justices of tile peace included. We do n't see bow these Kickapoo nulli fiers can be condemned, without con demning the whole scheme of fraud which palmed this NebraSka-Kansas bill upon the count' y under the guise of "popular sovereignty." pligiMp•inetagiolakfl The vote just taken in the Legisla ture of Illinois in favor of prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating drinks• is another evidence of our assertion that rum and hunkerism go hand in hand. The lower House of the Illinois Leg islature have passed the Maine Law by a large majority. The Chicago Trilune classifies the vote thus:. Yeas. Nay's . Republican 27 , Whigs 10 • Nebraska 4 • 25. Anti-Nebraska Dern. 1 1 Can't some one of the tender-footed gentlemen explain away the force of the above ugly-looking facts? The task would be no more difficult than to make out Ex-Governor Seymour a freesoiler•. CIRCULAR TO TEACHERS. The undersigned hereby incite the Teachers of this county to assemble at the old Court House, in Coudersport, on Saturday, the 17th inst.,..at 1 o'clock P. M., for the purpose Of reor ganizing a Teachers Association, and consulting together upon matters of mutual interest.. The exercises • will be continued on the Monday following, and it is expected that Messrs. Cal kins and Allen, Superintendents of Schools in Tioga and McKean coun ties, will be • present, and aid in the good work.' In addition to other eizercises. Wr..L - Biciomingdale i 41)0 of the COnderapori Academy,. and former Supeliviendent of Schools' in Yates 00., IsT: Y., address; the A.ssockatio4 on Satnrday evening, and, on Monday evening, the Rev. J. F. Calkins will deliver the Quarterly Address; before - the General Educa tional Convention of the county which will assemble at that tinie. ' 'Disccintses suitable to . the-occasion may also be expected from different clergymen on the Sabbath. . ' Er The people of Coudersport will gratuitously and cheerfully - ex tend the rites of hospitality to • such Teaoers as - may be in attendance, and in view of the benefit which may be expected to result to the schools, it is presumed that the Directors and peo ple of the different Towns will as cheerfully Acquiesce in the temporary absence,of their teachers, and will aid them in attending :the meetings. On their arrival, the teachers are re- quested to report their names at Mrs. Mann's Book-Store. - Ex-Teachers are cordially in vited to participate in the deliberations. . J. B. PRADT, CO. Sup't. HUGII YOUNG, Sec'y Of for [iner Association. Coudel:spoi:l, Feb, 5, }844. . . For the Journal. OUGHT NOT THE BIBLE TO BE READ IN O 1 COMMON SCHOOLS; The affirmative of the question ap pears obvious, when wo consider that there is at the present time a dispo sition manifested to separate Christ ianity from science, and from our com mon schools. Our. Puritan fathers were very scrupulous, not only to have. the Bible read in schools, but that its divine precepts be taught by. the living teacher: " This has made the wilderness to. .bull and blos som as the rose." Foreign. influ ence has done much towards oblite- rating religious instruction in our. seminaries ,of learning. The Papists have succeeded at different times; and places, in driving the Bible from our common schools, because the light which radiates from it, exposes the flimsy texture of their Popish dogmas. But it is with our own county, I have to do. The spirit of high educational purposes in Potter county, is now up. The subject engresSes the best pens and talents. And as an bumble indi vidual, I ask, Shall we not have the Bible read in every school ? This would augur well, yea, as much or more, -- than that noble motto, "No licenses granted in ott\ir."B I believe , no one will object, when •my way of having the . Bible read, is known. I don't want Testament classes, nor I Bible elasses, as it used to be, but I want on each day, either morning Or evening, as the teacher prefers, an extra 'reading, at which time every reader shall read ,one, two, or three . verses, as time may allow. This extra reading will be but a small inter ference with Other. studies, and who that knows the value of the Book of God, the book of nations, the book of science, the book which contains all the elements found in Our happy republic, can object? I - have the full concurrence of His *Excellency,. GoV erne'. Pollock. In his late Inaugural; , Ire says, "Not that mere intellectual culture that leaves the 'mind a moral 'waste, unfit to understand the duties of the man or citizen, but that higher education, founded upon, directed and controlled by sound' and elevated moral principle; that recognize's the Bible as the foundation ,of true knowl edge, as the text4niok alike of the child and the. Amelican Statesman, and as the.great charter and bulwark of civil. mid religious freedom. The knowledge of this acquired, is . the. power conservative of states and na tions, more potent in its energies to uphold the institutions of freedom and the rights of man, than armies and _navies their -proudest. stiength." The Rev. Dr. Payson says, ." To giVe a child learning, witliout the religion of the Bible, is like putting deadly weapons into the hands. of madmen." We have evidence of this on all sides. 'Tis true, our school books are., of a religious kind. But " Pride often guides the author's pen,, Books as affected are, as men." What book but the Bible, contains the broad stamp of our holy religion? There the scholar reads " Thou shalt not take the name- of the Lord thy God in vain." "Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy." Also by the pen Of" . . eternal 1 jfe - abiding in h im." "'Lo're thy neighbOr as thyself" :How-. Tying to think that all the 'scholars in: our conntywere daily reading 'thpso sacred truths. What might we not expect from • it?... I. am acquainted With some schodls isTiere - this in 'has_ been adopted and adhered to, and, they have sent out the most 4 ' . teachers . and are enjoying and exerting a supe rior moral influence. 'Many,' very many.of the children in Potter county, . will never hear the Bible unless it is. in school, and must it be said that the rising generation will be one tliat will "know not the Lord ?" "The fear of the Lord is the beginning rf wisdanz." Through the prep and 'our county Superintendent, the Bible can be read in 'every. school in our county next summer. Will not some more able pen resume the subject I -- 13. .Sweden, .Feb. 5. From the New-York Timei THE- K NO it 7 NCAT.O GS. Annual Session Nem•York State Council, Held at SaliectadY January 10 and 11,,1855. The Committee to w.hom. was re ferred -the State President's Annual Report; presented L—in accordance with. the spirit thereof—the following reso lutions, which were adopted by au almost unanimous vote; and the State Secretary was directed to have the same printed and forwarded to Depu-, ties of Counties and Presidents of Sub ordinate Councils: Jirsoired, - , That Slavery, like Papacy, is a moral, social, and -political variance with the spirit of our republican institutions, and repugnant to the principles of freemen;. that it is our duty to resist hs extension, and that we cannot as Americans consent to Ilia admission to the Union of any new Stale whose Constitution recognizes huma n bondage. Resulred, That no adult Alien can eradicate the telichings and prejudices of plinth, and become fomiliur with the principles of our Government, except by a patient and perse vering study; that no person should be en titled to exercise the elective frnehi'se who has not been a resident of the United States for twenty-one yen r>..' Resolved, That the civil, religions, and Po litical privileges Americansconcede to others, should be by others conceded to Americans ; that no commercial nor diplomatic intercourse should be maintained with any Foreign Gov ernment that prohibits freedom of speech, and freedom of religions opinion. Resolred,. That the peaceful enjoyment- of our rights is best secured by a constant readi ness-and ability to resist encroachments ; that the Republic can only.secure'respect abroad and tranquility at home, by a timely, cdiii sistent, and determined redress of all wrongs inflicted-on our citizens by the despotic rulers of foreign lands. Reso&d, That freemen can be prepared for the exercise of the rights of citizen:hip only by thorough education; that it is the duty of Government to maintain free schools, where republican sentiments should be taught and enforced. Resolved, That the Holy Bible furnishes the pMest teachings of morality, virtue, honesty, and patriotism; that it is the •' Book 01 Books," and hould have the first rlace ou our house hold altars. - ' Resdrrd, That by - sobriety. the fostering of hume industry, the encouragement of domes tic improvements. and judic tons and economi cal expenditures, we may secure the prospf rity of the country. and the successful development of the principles of Republican Government. Rcsoked, That the Temperance enterprise is one worthy of. cordial support, and that we will-in no case be drawn htto any course of action which will interfere with its propess. Rtsio/rcd, Thara Committee of five be ap pointed to invite the State Councils of this and other States to unite with us in the fctregoing resolves. The President app.ointed James B. SWain, of Westchester, R. H. Thomp son, of Albany, C. T. Harris, of Sara toga, D. L. Simmons,. of Oneida., and A. M. Clapp, of Elie,- a Committee, in accordance with the ninth resolu tion. B. lE. ROMAINE, S.S., Albany, N. 5 TO CURE A FELON A felon generally appears on the end of the.fingers and thumbs it is extremely painful for weeks and some times months, and in most cases, cripples or disfigures the finger or thumb that falls a victim to it. Bin it can be easily cured if attended to in time. As soon as the pain is felt, take the white skin' of an egg, which is found inside of the shell; put it round the end of the finger or thumb affected, keep it there until the pain subsides. As soon as the skin becomes dry it will be very painful, and likely to continue for half an hour or more, but be not alarmed. If it grows painful, bear it; it will be of short duration compared to what the disease would be. A cure will be certain.—Erchange. [As felons are • very painful, any remedy to relieve a person from their _excruciating pain is valuable. We do not know whether the above is all that it vetends to be or not, but within thel past year we have known of the spinal marrow of an ox or cow applied by three different persons, with the most satisfactory results, in relieving the pain and securing a speedy cure of their felons. This, we are confident, 'will be very useful information to many persons. The spinal marrow should be applied fresh every four hours for two days.—Sci cntific American. WooL.—A writer in the N. Y. Tri bune says that the amount of wool grown in the United States is about 60,000,000 lbs., and that the amount imported in manufactured goods, is 119,000,000 lbs. COMMUNICATIONS. • H. DENT va. THE CENSUS: I‘IESSIts. EDITORS: The fieople, as a general thing, take much interest in the Census returns, and especially so when '5116 returns are quoted by others with strict reference to their pecuniary a d, vantage ..or cji4. sly pm tg,ge _Tl~e Patriot of last week, with its accustomed integ- rity to the clearest interests of thepeo .ple, give.% in a lender, a very interesting article on the " Progress of Potter County;' awl to this article I beg leave to call your attention and that of your readers. - .The sum of the votes cast last Octo ber for the candidates for thcr office of Govern6r, is taken and multiplied.by. 6; the product of. which, -8424, is set down as the population of this county at that date. As the mind of every intelligent reader will suggest, this rulo is not a correct one; and Particu ularly is it incorrect when applied to backwoods counties. The surest rule, and the •one generally used by statists, is to multiply the number of "torallea by SN. Now the number of taxables in Potter county in 1854, as returned by the Auditor General, was 1,709, which, according to the rule stated; gives nearly 9,4oo—nearly 1,000 more than the number given by the other It is stated that the wool crop . amounted to 22,01 S lbs. in 1850,which by the census isc correct; but it is further stated in the- leader above re ferred to, that this 22,018 lbs. was shorn from 1,500-sheep, nearly 1G lbs. of wool per-sheep ! A thought struck me when I read this statement, as no - doubt it did many others, that Potter county would iteVer have known how famous she- was for raising wool, if Mr. Dent had . not tried to pull it. over her eyes. Add this statement of 16i lbs. of wool per sheep, to the very nice compliment—" showing that our farmers understand raising good sheep . • and shearing them close "—and you have before you a perfe - ct speciMen of 13uncembe statesmanship. The editor of the. Patriot and his subs are so wont to tell such amusing stories of the valve of wool elsewhere, that this story of its extraordinary yield here is not surprising. The returns of the Census of 1850 show that this 22,045 lbs. of wool -was shorn from 8,391 • 40' cheep, giving an average of a little over 2.} lbs..per sheep, which is, as i 3 well known, - a general average yield. • Another statement is made, that the annual product of maple sugar, as returned by the Marshal in 150. was 13,5:7 lbs., while . the Census shoWs that the actual yield.uf that year was one handrecran . d. hrenty-one thowsand pounds more than.thls. Another statement is made in the leader aforesaid, that the yield of molasses was 3,106 gallons, -while the returns chow it to. be one thon,qond• gallons less, as the yield. It may be that the editor, by a ruTc only known tri such shrewd calculators, manufac- - tured the 121,000 lbs. of sugar into 1,000 gallon's of molasses,. and called it equivalent; A few more such leaders will soon establish the reputation of that sheet a* being - as reliable in speculative politics as the New-York Herald. If it be asked, Why do not the Associate Judges proceed with the . business of the Court, if the President is-not present on the first day of the term 1 it may be answered, !Simply because they are not lawyers, and consequently are not qualified to pre. side over the trial of causes where questions of laW are .continually aris ing; which arc to be decided - by the Court. The Legislature, in their acts constituting the District Courts of Common . Pleas, did not contemplate that the Associate Judges should be men learned in the law, as is evident by the compensation, given for their services—a sum totally inadequate to . secure the acceptance of the - station by the most indifferent lawyers in the. State. All lawyers can do inuch bet ter by the. practice. of their profession. It seems clear, then, that if the Aso elates, jse their influence with the Pregnnt and Bar to expedite the transaction of business, they have done all in their power, in this .particu laro and ought not to be blamed for not: exercising functions which were not required or expected of them by the laws constituting our Courts. I quote one • authority in _support of LEE
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