ABOUT CAUCUS RULE. What It Is and How Its Decisions Are Enforced. The Senator or Rcpreaentntlve Who Holt* from I'urty Determina tion CluuiU 111m Politi cal Future. [Special Washington Letter.] When you read in tlie newspapers about a caucus, and understand what it means, it may be well to remember that there are very many people who do not know what it means; and that space is well used in a newspaper to explain the •übject. There were two school-teachers here recently from Chicago, and tliey are ladies of superior ability and attain ments. It was the good fortune of the writer to have an opportunity to ac company them to the capitol building end show them a portion of that mag nificent edifice before they secured the services of a professional guide. While we were walking about the gallery corridors of the senate a po liceman came up and reminded us that it is against the rules of the capitol for anyone to carry a camera in the building; and the lady carrying the camera, being from Illinois, took the little picture-maker to the committee room of Senator Cullom, of Illinois, and left it there for a couple of hours. Meantime we saw many of the won derful things there, and the ladies wrote down the inscription upon the pedestal of the statue of John Hancock, the first signer of the Declaration of In dependence; an inscription which everyone ought to have in memory or in scrapbook. It is: "He wrote his lame where all nations should behold it; and where all time should not ef face it." But to return to our caucus. While we were seeing the senate wing of the capitol we came to a door over which ve saw the gilded words: "Conference room." It was explained to the ladies ■that the word "conference" is, in po litical language, a synonym for the word "caucus." It was further ex plained fh.'it in the senate there is al ways a majority and a minority party. When the republicans have a majority they hold their caucuses in the senate marble room; and when the democrats Hie in a majority they hold their cau cuses in tlxt marble room. When either party is in the minority, they use this "conference room" for their caucuses, i-'he marble room is a large and beauti ful corridor, capable of comfortably seating 00 or more senators; and there never happens to be more than 55 or 00 members of the majority party. The "coi:ference room" will not comfort ably accommodate more than .'!5 or 40 senators, and the minority never is composed of more than that number. What are caucuses for? As the po litical parties developed in this repub lic, and grew in cohesive strength, it became imperative that each party thou Id act harmoniously in all matters of legislation. Consequently the cus tom of holding party conferences grad ually grew. The members of a political party would gather together in secret meetings, and the majority present would decide upon certain lines of ac tion. Thereafter ail of the members of the party would vote together, even though some of the members of the party did not wholly coincide with the policy determined upon. It became necessary to do this in order to secure united party action in all matters. Finally, when it became a settled par ty policy to do things in this manner, the conferences were termed caucuses; ' '' '' jj '* ' IS BEHIND THE SPEAKER. ar.d that name will probably continue for an indefinite period. Caucuses ulti mately extended from the national cap ital to the state capitals, and now all political actions are predetermined in caucuses. For example: In the state of Vir ginia all of the democratic members ol the legislature, in caucus assembled, decided to vote for the reelection oi John W. Daniel to the L'nited States senate. Then, when the legislature met, all of the democratic members voted unitedly and Senator Daniel was reelected. When the legislature of Minnesota assembled there was a re publican caucus, and the republicans present decided to reelect Senator ( ashman K. Davis; and when the legis lature met all of the republicans voted that way, and Senator Davis was re flected. This procedure obtains in all of the states; and the majority party carries things in accordance with the conclusions of the caucus. For further example: In December, IS9I, the democrats of the national house of representatives met in cau cus in the hall of the house of repre sentatives. 'I no candidates forspeaker were Mr. Crisp, of Georgia; Mr. Spring er, of Illinois; Mr. Mills, of Texas, and Mr. McMiliin, of Tennessee. After a number of ballots a majority of all present voted in favor of Mr. Crisp. On the following Monday, when the house of representatives was called to order, every democrat In the house voted for Mr. Crisp, and he was elected speaker. In another caucus, in ls'J3, it was decided to reelect Mr. Crisp, aud all of the democrats voted in accord ance with the caucus determination, and Mr. Crisp was reelected. When the congress convened in extra session in March, 1597, the republicans being in a majority, there was a repub lican caucus which determined that all republicans should vote for Thomas 1!. Reed for speaker; and when the house was called t(. order, Mr. Reed was elect ed, receivingivll of the republican votes. Thus, you see, the caucus decides what shall be done, and all members of each political party obey the will of the majority of their own party. Circumstances are such that there will be an extra session of congress in March or April of this year. The re publicans are in a majority of the house of representatives; and the caucus will decide upon the reelection of Mr. Iteeu, and he will again be chosen speaker. For the first time in six years the re publicans will have a majority of the senate, and they also will hold a cau cus. It will be held in the marble room. The senators do not elect a speaker because the vice president is always the presiding officer of the sen ate. liut the republican senators, in caucus, will select some eminent re publican to be secretary of the sen ate, and some other eminent republican to be sergeant-at-arms of the senate. |jj ill 1 E5 TtK. <FW AR Then, when the senate is called to ol der, all of the republican senators will \ote for the officers selected by their caucus. Then after that shall have been ac complished the republican senators will have another caucus in the marble room, and they will decide who shail be the chairman of the various im portant committees, and which sen ators shail be members of those com mittees. These matters having been determined in caucus, they will be rat ified by the solid votes of tlie entire republican membership of the senate. In the meantime the democrats, be ing in the minority, will assemble in the "conference room," and there they will determine upon their candidates for similar offices, chairmanships and com mittee places. Then, in open senate, they will vote solidly for their candi dates. Of course, they know that theit candidates will not be elected, but they will give them a solid party "com plimentary vote." Later on the republicans will hold a caucus in the house of representatives, and a caucus in the marble room. Each one of these caucuses will select a com mittee to meet a committee from the other caucus. These joint committees will formulate some plan concerning currency legislation and other impor tant matters. Thoseeommittees \\ ill re port to their caucuses; and thus a party policy will be outlined, which will re ceive the solid party votes of tlie ma jority representatives in the senate and house; and they will carry their party determination into effect. Meantime the democratic senators and representatives will hold caucuses, and they w ill determine upon a policy of opposition. Although in the minor ity, the democrats will maintain their party policy, and will obstruct party legislation to the best of their ability; and will defeat the majority if they can possibly do so by any parliamentary means. Whether party rule, by caucus, is proper and worthy of the continued support of politicians is a question which each thinking reader w ill deter mine for himself. Young men who are entering upon political careers will do well to study the subject of the caucus, and be prepared to take some positive stand one way or the other. Yor.ng uien will do well to make mental note of one fact, and keep it ever in memory: Whenever any mail of independent spirit bolts from the caucus, or refuses to be bound by caucus determination, it has alw ays happened that such a man lays in a big stock of trouble; and that he is usually defeated by the connivance of leading members of his own party. The caucus rule is so strong th;* any mau who undertakes to openly oppose it clouds his immediate future. In December, 1889, William MeKin ley, of Ohio, was a candidate for speak er of the bouse of representatives, }.'# was defeated in caucus, and loin lieed became speaker. After the caucus de cided upon Mr. Reed, and he was nom inated in the house, Mr. MeKinley voted with all other republicans for Heed, who was elected. If M Kill ley had been made speaker by that caucus he might never have been president, liut, being defeated for speaker, he was made chairman of the committee on ways and means. That committee for mulated a tariff bill which became known as the MeKinley bill. That bill made its putative author the most pop ular man in his party. Thus by being defeated in caucus MeKinley came to the front, and attained the presidency. SMITH D FRY. Kxpen»tlve. The Friend —And how did you lean that she had such a big appetite? The Fool —To my cost. —Y. Joui I aal. CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1899. AN EXTtNSis E COLD WAVE. Xrrii Wcalhi r l*rctall» In I In- We»« and the South Siidi r* li»/in an I it" 11 mii .l l1 > Fi'luUl Spell. Atlanta. (I;i„ !•"«• I>. 9. The thermom eter fell tn in degrees al>uve /ci'o in \tlantu Tuesday night. tlit* coldest of the year, and the temperature yester-' day did not moderate. The weather bureau predicts continued cold throughout tliis section. A freezing line extends north and south through the northwest portion of Florida, and the temperature at Jacksonville has reached the freezing point. Mobile's thermometers register 20 and at New Orleans 4 is recorded. Indianapolis, Feb. 9.- The coldest wcat' .rof the winter was experienced here Wednesday: the minimum ter.i peraturc was 9 decrees below zero. Denver, ( 1 01.. Feb. 9. A snow storm in the mountains again tied up the Colorado railroad lilies to the west yes. terday. No trains are running on the Midland, although gangs of shovclers are at work. Two passenger trains from the west on the Denver iV- llio Grande were stalled between Leadvillo and Buena \'ist« and two were hell at (! ten wood Springs. The li io (irande officials say the main line will be re opened in a few hours after the storm ceases. No further effort is being made to clear the South I'ark tracks in the vicinity of Leadville. St. Paul, Feb. 9.—The worst of vhfl almost unprecedented cold • weather, it is feared, is yet to come. With a clear sky the intense cold continued all of Wednesday, being more severe because of a sharp northwest wind. The high est'the mercury reached during the day was Is below zero. At 7 p. M.it was 22 below and falling. Kxcepting Helena all northwestern weather bureau paints reported below zero weather. Medicine llat and Havre reported snow and a temperature of 6 below zero. \t 7 o'clock Helena was 14 above, but l>u luth reported 18 below. Swift Current 20 below, Huron, BaiMleford and I'rince Albert 20 below and Winnipeg 34 b low. Chicago, Feb. 9. —Not since 1572 has Chicago experit*hced such intense cold as that which prevailed yesterday. At eleven o'clock last night 1599 was close upon the undesirable record of 1*72, was gaining steadily ami lvad every chance of beating it out by several de grees. The lowest notch reached since the establishment of the weather bu reau in this city was 2:i below. At 11 o'clock last night it was 19 below and when the weather office closed the olli cials predicted tha.t in a few hours the mereurv would reach 25 below and the record will be broken. The maximum yesterday was f> be low and the resulting discomfort was accentuated by a strong northwest wind. There were no deaths attribut able to the cold, although frost-bitten faces, hands and feet were numerous. Three people collapsed on the street from the effect of the cold, but were soon revived. All through the west and northwest the cold was intense. Keports from points in lowa, \\ is consin and Illinois show temperatures ranging from Hi to.'» 4 degree.-. below zero, the latter at La Crosse, Wis. There is much suffering in interior towns among poor people. Milwaukee, Wis., Feb. 9. This city is experiencing the coldest weather in 25 vears. The frost has penetrated the ground to a depth of 4>/ a feet, or with in a foot and a half of the water mains. A double force of men is on duty to see that the fire hydrants arc not froz en up. The temperature last night was 15 degrees below zero. Omaha, Feb. 9. Wednesday was a record breaker for cold weather in Omaha, the highest point reached be ing 15 below zero. At 9 o'clock last nig'ht the government instrument in dicated 21 below and still falling. l)es Moines, la.. Feb. 9. Yesterday was the coldest since 1*72. The maxi mum temperature was 14 below. At 10 last night it was 22 below and still falling. Lincoln, Neb., Feb. 9.—Last night was the coldest night experienced here for II years. At 10 o'clock street ther mometers indicated 23 below zero. ASKS FOR A TRUCE. A;;iiliial<lo Kimiucili that llowlllitie* 4'eane Otl* Online* (lie I'ropoMi tloll. Washington, Feb. 9. —Yesterday there was an almost complete release of the tension under which the rapid occurrence of events in the Philippines has held the officials of the adminis tration since the first startling news from Manila Saturday night. This was brought about through the receipt of a bulletin from (leu. Otis summing up the latest results of the lighting he has had with the natives. His statement tlnta Aguinaldo's influence had been destroyed and that the Filipino leader was seeking for a cessation of hostili ties and for a conference was inter preted as an admission that he had re alized his terrible mistake. It is en tirely improbable tha.t he will be able to restore anything like the status quo or to obtain anything like the same terms as were possible last week. No one here now knows just what (<en. Otis intends to impwse in the way of terms. Secretary Alger said that he had given the general no instructions since the battle and saw no reason for giving any. He realized, he said, that (Jen. Otis being on the ground and having proved his fitness, was in better posi tion to deal with the situation than any one in Washington. Should the general ask permission, therefore, to do anything, he would be granted per mission immediately. Will Ketiirn to Alabama. Pana, 111., Feb. 9. A possibility of the settlement of the miners' strike, which has caused great disorder here for several months and cost the state thousands of dollars in the mainte nance of several companies of militia, has been brought about through the presence of President Farley, of the United Mine Workers of Alabama. Farley is offering the negro miners who were imported by the Pana oper ators free transportation to Alabama and higher wages at Birmingham and Bessemer than they are receiving heie. Many negroes are accepting the offer. A FIERCE BATTLE The American Forces Attack Caloocan. FILIPINOS AHE ROUTED. AgtiinaMo's Troops are Mowoil Down Like (irass. AMERICANS LOSS IS SMALL. The Monitor llonudniM k Itediiee* tlio Fiiciiiv'm Fartli works l» Mains The Town Ik Captured l>y the Soldiers Commanded It) Otis. Manila, Feb. 11. The American forces on Friday afternoon made a combined attack upon Caloocan and re duced it in short order. At a signal from the tower of the l>e Lome church the monitor Monad nock opened fire from the bay on Hie earthworks with great effect. Soon afterwards the I tail battery bombarded the place from the land side. The rebels reserved their tire until the bombardment ceased, when they fired volleys of musketry as the Mon tana regiment advanced on the jungle. The Kansas regiment, on the extreme left, with the Third artillery deploying to the right, charged across the open and carried the earthworks, cheering under a heavy fire. Supported by the artillery at the •hiireli. the troops fur ther advanced, Viving the enemy, fighting every foot, right into the town and penetrated to the presidencia, and lowered the Filipino flag. The enemy's sharpshooters, in the jungle on the right, fired at long range on the Pennsylvania regiment, but the rebels were soon silenced by shrapnel shells and the Pennsylvanians remain ed in the trenches. As the Americans advanced they burned the native huts. The rebels were mowed down like grass, but the American loss was light. The Fourteenth infantry has un earthed several tons of Spanish shells, which had evidently been stolen from the Cavite arsenal and cached by the rebels in the vicinity of Paranaque. Fifteen cart loads of it have been brought into the city, as has also a modern naval gun and a part of ils innmnt. There is no doubt that the gun was either stolen by the insur gents or removed from one of the sunk en warships. Washington, Feb. 11. The following dispatch from (ien. Otis was received last night: "Insurgents collected con siderable force between Manila and Ca loocan. where \guinaldo is reported to be, and threatened an attack and up rising in city. Friday afternoon I swutig the left of Me A I't h ur's division, which is north of I'asig river, into Ca loocan, driving enemy easy. Our left is now at Caloocan. Our loss slight; that of insurgents considerable. At tack preceded by half hour's firing from two of Admiral Dewey's vessels." ll«* Andree Rt'i'ii Foundf TCrasnocvarsk, Siberia, Feb. 11. —A gold mine owner here has received a letter saying that a tribe of Turguses, inhabiting the Timur peninsula in North Siberia, recently informed the Russian police chief of the district that on January 17 last, in the province of Yeniseisk, they found a cabin con structed of cloth and cordage, appar ently belonging to a balloon. Close bv were the'bodies of three men, the head of one badly crushed. The police chief has started for the spot to investigate, as it is believed that the bodies are those of Aeronaut Andre and his com panions. One-Third !*prl»h«*«l. Fort Worth, Tex.. Feb. 11. -fleneral Live Stock Agent Pennington, of the Santa Fe system, has given out a state ment of the probable loss of the stock interests in the various states, owing ro the prevailing blizzard. Conserva tive estimates place the losses at HO per cent, in Texas, Wyoming. Montana and Dakotas. William tlay Propose a ' oiiferenee. London. Feb. 11. The Berlin corres pondent of Ihe Mail says: Kmperor William disapproves of the continu ance of the condominium in Samoa and will propose a conference of the three powers after he has received the state ment of Joannes Uaffel, president of the municipality of Apia. 4 umirder IMwuhlct. Fayal. Azores, Feb. 11. The British steamer Colorado, from New York, for Hull, has arrived here and reports hav ing passed the Uritish steamer I'avo nia, of the Cnnard line, from Liverpool for Boston, in a disabled condition about 300 miles from here. Toronto** s>l« r Fir* 1 . Toronto, Out.. Feb. 11. —Fire yester day destroyed the building occupied by Cowan, Kent <X- Co., crockery and glassware dealers. The loss is estima ted at $200,000. Idon < a*li>» Weaken*. London. Feb. 11. The Rome corres pondent of the Chronicle says that l)>m Carlos has instructed his agents in Spain to stop the agitation on his be half. Oervera to l>«' Frow-flltnl. Madrid, Feb. 11. —The military court which has had under consideration the loss of the Spanish squadron at Santi ago, Cuba, on July 3 last, has decided to prosecute \dmiral Cervern and Commandant Moreii, former captain of the Cristobal Colon. A Sliooir,'tiii-i" '( chine Trtint. Boston, Feb. 11.— It is announced that a consolidation of all the royalty shoe machinery interests centered in Boston has been consummated in a corporation organized under the laws of New Jersey, with a capital of $25,- 000.000. FIVE GREAT SOLDIERS ON THE STAFF OF GEN. E. S. OTIS. ''\lHC~. ' i MJN (,Ht '1 • Brig (Jen. El well S. Otis fought the sec ond battle of Manila with a staff of re markable men. When the Insurgents made their onslaught, trusting to find the Amer icana unprepared and an easy prey, they laced, besides the gallant commanding of ttcer, five great American soldiers They were Mac Arthur, Harrison Grey Otis, An derson. King and Miller. Kv.-ry one of them was In the fight. Kvery one of them was waiting for it. lien, Marcus F. Miller came out of West I'oint in 1858 and fought at Malvern Hill, in the Winchester campaign, and at Din wlddie Court House. He was brevettod for his services in these engagements cap tain, major and lieutenant colonel. Dur ing the war with Spain he was with the Third artillery and in full charge of the defenses of San Francisco. His 41 years' service in the army has been almost a continuous one of service. Hrig. Oen. Harrison Grey Otis' record In the civil war was 49 months in the field, l.i engagements, two wounds in battle and seven promotions He was brevetted a major on the recommendation of Maj. Gen. Rutherford H Hayes. Charles King, brigadier general, Is the well-known soldier-author of Wisconsin, who at the age of 10 volunteered for the union cause In the civil war and was ac "l AM INNOCENT." Deelaration tliiilc b> the tlan Whom 4'oriiifh Mi«|H'<te(l of Sending Poison to 'lr«. Ail a nix. New York, Feb. 11. —The two men whose names have been most intimate ly connected with the death of Mrs. Kate J. Adams were on the witness stand Friday before the coroner's jury and were put through a rigid cross-ex amination by Assistant District Attor ney Osliorn. Harry S. Cornish, wiio gave the poison to Mrs. Adams, was the first witness called, and at 1 h.■ af ternoon session 11. I'. Molineaux, who had been named by Ornish on the stand as the man he believed to have sent the poisoned bromo-seltzer through ihe mail, was called. Cornish was somewhat reticent and equivocal in his answers to questions put to him bv the assistant district attorney. Cornish said he had suspected Moli neaux of having prepared the poison because a chemist, a friend of his. had suggested, on account of a sediment having been left, in the glass from which Mrs. Adams drank, that the bromo-seltzer preparation had been put up by a half chemist, a man who has some knowledge of chemistry, but not a complete knowledge, and that as Molineaux knew something of chemis try. his name naturally suggested it self. This was the reason. Cornish said, and the fact that he had had a quar rel with Molineaux was another reason. Cornish gave way on the stand to Molineaux. Mr. Osborn asked the wit ness if he was innocent of the poison ing of Mrs. Adams. Molineaux replied: "I am absolutely innocent." Molineaux told of his connection with the Knick- , erbocker and New ork Athletic clubs, and said he had left the former club largely because of his quarrel with Cornish. lie was asked if he had known Henry C. Barnet, and replied that he was a warm personal friend of that man. He could suggest no motive why any one should send poison to Barnet. Heresford Arrive* in Frisco. San Francisco, Feb. 11. The Japan ese liner Marn arrived Friday from China and Japan. On board the vessel was Lord Charles Beresford, admiral of j the British navy. The Main was met at the Heads by a government tug i bearing a party of distinguished citi zens who went to welcome the visit ing admiral, who comes to this country on a three-fold capacity, viz: as a British statesman, an officer of the i royal navy and a commissioner from the associated chambers of commerce ! of En gland. Three tlen Freeze to Ileaiili. Pittsburg, Feb. 11. Three fatalities have been reported in this vicinity as 1 a result of zero weather. Hugh Galla gher, a miner employed at Leisenring by t'lie Frick Coke Co., was frozen to death while on his way home from work. At Morgan, a hamlet on the Pan-Handle. John Gillespie, aged -12. lately of Wadsworth, ()., and Patrick O'Grady, aged 70, were found dead Fri ilav in a shanty which they had fitted up for protection from the cold. Another Pair of Filipino F.nvoyn. San Francisco, Feb. 11. —On the : steamer which arrived Friday from Yokohama were Capt. De Dios and Scnor Kivera, who are Aguinaldo's special commissioners to Washington. Thev were much disturbed when told of the latest developments in the Phil ippines. tiiovrriior * V3att*ioii lluriied. Frankfort, Ky., Feb. 11. -The gover nor's mansion was totally destroyed by fire yesterday. The firemen were soon disabled by the intense cold, to which trouble was added frozen pipes and ; cutting off the water supply. cepted. From the army he went to West Point, graduated, an d then returned to active service. In November, 1874. he was dangerously wounded at Sunset Pass. Ho fought through the Big Horn and Yellow stone campaigns of 1X76, but In 187'J tho opening of his old Indian wound forced him to retire from the service. He then joined the national guard of Wisconsin, ia which he has since been a colonel. Thomas H. until he became a. brigadier general, was the senior colonel of the regular army. I.ike Otis, Gen. An derson is Ohio born. He was a lawyer before the civil war, but left the bar to enlist as a private soldier in the army. He served throughout the •if. fought iu lb battles and was wounded four times. Arthur Mac Arthur was the last of the brigadier generals of volunteers ordered to Manila when Gen Merritt was organ izing the American forces During the Spanish war he at Tampa and ('hickamauga, where he assisted in thft mobilization of the army. He served in the civil war as a first lieutenant and ad jutant of Wisconsin volunteers. At the end of the war he was a brevet colonel of volunteers. He was appointed major and assigned to the adjutant general's depart ment in 1589. [MILES VS. EAGAN Their Final Wrestle Begins Next Week. A BIG LOT OF EVIDENCE. Both Parties are Preparing It for the Court of Inquiry. EAGAN IS STILL ON DECK. lie ncvolr* III* Time to the Collection liiforma tion that In Mup|»oftftl to Kel'ute (ii ii. IHtle*' Charge* ('onceru iug "Kiiibaliiied" Heel. Washington, Feb. 11.—Next tn news from the Philippines, iirterest at the war department centers on the 15th of February, when the court of inquiry to investigate (Jen. .Miles' "embalmed beef" charges will convene. All in for i mntion, even as to the court's routine, is jealously g-uarded and officers refrain from expressing l any opinion iri the case. It is well understood, however, that both Gen. Miles and the commis sary general's dcpai inent are prepar i ills' a mass of evidence which will be submitted to the court, the one tend ins; I to sustain (it'll. Miles' statements as to the character of the meat furnished the army, and the other discounting any criticism 'if the material bought* ! passed upon and issued by the commis sary department. Both the testimony of (leu. Miles and of the commissary department will consist in the main of official reports, and both will be volu mijiyus. I Gen. Fa pan is still at the war depart ment denying - himself to all visitors except personal friends. Tie is now re lieved of the routine work of his office, which is being' transacted by his assist ants and is free to devote himself to : collecting* all the information in his possession for presentation to the court. Col. Weston, who was appointed act ing- commissary general when Gen. i I'agan was called to answer to the chargvs preferred against him before the court-martial, is sictt in .New York. (imikgffi' Weather. Philadelphia. I'Vli. 11.—The cold weather in this city Friday broke all existing - records of the weather bureau during - its 29 years of existence, and while beyond that period there is no authentic data, it is said that yester day's minimum temperature, six below zero, was the lowest, with one excep tion, since February, 1707. The excep tion was in 1 SOU. The thermometer was even lower in the suburban dis tricts. where it hovered around 10 and 12 degrees below. Tlx - Drill linen "I'll roll 211. Xew York, Feb. 11. -The final con ference between the Baltimore and Brooklyn baseball magnates was held Friday and the deal put through. Charli's 11. Kbbitts is to be president of the new organization. I'. \. Aliell is to lie vice president and treasurer. Harry Yonderhorst secretary and Edward 11 union manager. Stpieil the I'eaee Treaty. Washington, Feb. 11. —The treaty of peace, as ratified by the senate, was signed by the president uud Secretary llay Friday afternoon in the library of the executive mansion. 3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers