t»*s ctUmportry with, or rather antecedent to, the commencement o£ your paper. The firft num ber of your paper is dated the 31ft of October, • 791, your appointment was announced iij the ITaily Advertiser of Oaober 26, I 79 1 (a paper printed in New-York) in the following terms: " We hear from Philadelphia, that the Hon. Thomas Jefferfon, Esq. Secretary of State for the United States, has appointed Capt. X'hilip Freneau Interpreter of the French Language for the department of State."* It is a fa ft, which the debates in the Virginia Convention will teftify, that Mr. Jefferfon was In the origin oppal'ed to the present Constitution of the United States. It is a fad known to every man who ap proaches that officer (for he takes no pains to conceal it, and will not thank you to deny it) that he arraigns the principal measures of the government, and it may be added,with indjereet if not indecent warmth. It is a fad which results from the whole com plexion of your paper, that it is a paper intem perately devoted to the abuse of the govern ment, and all the conspicuous actors in it; ex ceot tlie Secretary of State, and his coadjutors, who are the constant theme of your panegyric. Even the illtiftrious Patriot who presides at the head of the government, has not escaped your envenomed (hafts. And from these fads, the inferences which have been drawn are irrefiftable. The circumstance of your having come from another State to let up and conduct a new paper-, the circumstance of tlie Editor of that new papa being appointed a Clerk in the department of State—the coincidence in point of time oi that appointment with the commencement of your paper, or to speak more corre&ly, its precedency —the conformity between the complexion ot your paper and the known politics of the head of the department who employs you—these circum stances, collectively, leave r.odoubt ot your true situation—the conviction ariling from them is too strong to be weakened'bv any of those bold, r.* even solemn declarations, which are among the hackneyed tricks employed by the purijls in politics, of every country and age, to cheat the people into a belief of their superior fan&ity, integrity and virtue. If you had been previously the conductor of a»newfpaper in this city—if your appointment bad been any considerable time subsequent to the institution of your paper, there might have ' been some room for fubterfuge ; —but as mat ters (land, you have no possible escape. The fact of the preliminary negociation which brought you to this city, is not material, when o many other fadh prefuppofingit concur; but even this,if the scruples of family connexion, or the dread of party resentment, does not pre vent the evidence being brought forward, will be proved inconteftibly ; not indeed a negocia tion in which Thomas Jefferfon, Secretary of State, was the immediate apent, but one car ried on by a very powerful, influential and confiden tial friend and aifociate of that gentleman. That officer has had too considerable a part of his political education amidit the intrigues of an European court, to hazard a direst per fonal commitment in such a cafe—he knows how to put a man in a situation calculat ed to produce all the effects he desires, without the grofi and aukward formality of telling him, " Sir, I mean to hire you for the purpose." It is impoflible for a correct mind not to pro nounce, that, in the abftraft a connexion like that which is acknowledged to subsist between you arid Mr. Jeflferfon, between the editor of a new/paper and the head of a department of the government, is indelicate and unfit; and conse quently of a nature to juftify suspicion. A connection of that fort in a free country, is a pernicious precedent, inconsistent with those pretensions to extraordinary republican purity, of* Which so suspicious a parade is upon every occasion exhibited. The apology you attempt for it is ill founded anil inadmissible—there is no law, which annex es a particular salary to the clerkship in questi on—the appointment is under the general au thority given to the head of the deparment to •appoint clerks with salaries not exceeding ag gregately five hundred dollars to each—there is therefore noreftridtion to the fumyou mention, to induce as matter of neceflity the employ ment of a person engaged in other occupations —and not ordinarily and regularly attached to the department.—Five hundred dollars or even more might be legally given, for a clerk compe tent to the duty, and if it was not fuHlcient wholly to employ him, his 'surplus time might be dedicated to other business of the depart ment—Nor could there have been any mighty difficulty in finding a clerk so qualified. But if i here had been such difficulty. Tome o ther character should undoubtedly have been found—the precedent of such a species of influ ence erected over the press, ought to have been avoided—this is so obvious, that the not hav ing avoided it, is a proof of fmifter design. The employment of Mr. Pintard by the Se cretary of State, was a natural consequence of particular situation—Mr. Pintard,if lam right- Jy informed, had been employed in the fame ca pacity under the old government —and it was natural enough to continue him in the occupa tion and employment—But Mr. Pintard was tot the printer oj a gazette. These ftri&ures, though involving Mr. Fre neau, it shall be confelfed, have been drawn forth principally with a view to a character ol greater importance in the community—They aim at explaining a public officer, who has too little scrupled to embarrass and disparage the government of which he is a member—and who has been tTie prompter, open or iecret, of un warrantable aspersions on men, who so long as anions, not merely profeflions, fha'l be the true test of patriotism and integrity, need never de cline a comparison with him, of tl:eir titles to the public esteem. An AMERICAN. * It is believed that Mr. Freneau could throw ligh, npon this qucfiicn } by naming the day when his filar) commenced. Philadelphia, Aug. il. The Pittsburgh Gazette of last Saturday contain the following intelligence, that according to a let ter from Buifal'ie Creek, upwards of 4000 Indians were affemblcd at the Miami villages—that ten scouts of Indians were out intending to flrike on the frontieis— and that it was expected they wouici soon itrike the Six Nations. By a peifon from Fort Wafiiington, arrived at information was received that Col. Hardin, Major Trueman and two others were kil led by the Indians, a iliort diilance from Fort Jef ferfon, on their way to the Indian towns, to in vite them to a treaty. It is proposed in the Pittsburgh Gazette, that the next menage or invitation for a treaty should be sent by those members of Congtefs who pro posed, and so ftienuoufly fupporied pacific mea sures to be adopted at this period. On Sunday last arrived at New-York, the Hoop Sarah and Lucretia, Capt. M'Call, from Barba does, after a palfageof 16 days ; he inlorms us that he met a Capt. Welfli at Barbadoes (who brought a cargo of tea from China) who informed him that on his paflage he spoke with a ship be longing to the hnglifh East-India Company, in the Bay of Bengal, the Captain of which informed him (Capt. Welsh) that Tippoo Saib had ceded one halt of his territories to Lord Cornwallis, and three millions of money sterling ; one million to the Company, one million to Lord Cornwallis, and the officers under his command, and the other million to the afiiding powers.—Capt. M'Call lays that he also read the fame in she Barbadoes papers before he failed ; and that Tippoo had left two of his sons hostages tor the due performance of his agreement. We give the above intelligence verbatim as we received it, without vouching for its authenticity, as the next Britifti Packet in all probability will lurnifh us with some lurlhcr particulars fan&ioned by public authority. Ext raft of a letter from an eminent Merchant, dated L„1 aL T- Falmouth, June 9, 1792. " As it may he ulctui to you lo be acquainted with the Itate of the markets tor wheat, I have thought it neccffary to give you the purport of such advices as I have lately received from Lisbon. 44 This market is completely glutted with grain; no less than sixty cargoes now a&uaUy unloading in this river, for which there is no sale from on board, as these buyers are full, and will not buy for the present : belides, there is in the public gra naries above 100,000 moys wheat (each moy equal to 24 bulhels) which cannot all meet sale these 12 months to come. The approaching harvelt in this kingdom and Spain promise to be abundant." 44 The Ports in England are at present Hint againii the importation of foreign grain; there is a great profpett of a plentiful harvest, and little fupplics will be wanted in this country." Extrafl of a Utter from a gentleman at Quebec, to his ' -/* ' - - jriend in this city, of recent date. *' Upper Canada will be a fine settlement in a erv short time; 500 troops are already arrived, 3ar't of Col. Simcoe's regiment* ; several tranfperts j re also taken up for tranlpcriing the remainder, and for bringing over artificers, emigrants and others, which latter are expe&ed here in a few days." * This regiment, it is Paid, is to consist of four battalions ot 400 men each. The idea of such a force m that country, so near neighbours to the Unued State>, mey well excite speculation and at tention on the part ot the government and people of this country. COMMUNICATION. Despotic measures depend for their success on the ignorance and blind credulity of the peo ple ; and this is equally true of the influence which certain characters, properly called de magogues obtain in almost every community. The degree d£eftimation in which the un principled fomenters of mifchief are held in so ciety, is generally in exact proportion to the light and information of the people,—Hence you seldom, if ever hear any thing in favor of educating the poor and middling dalles of ci tizens from those whose consequence is sup ported by an implicit faith, on the part of their adherents, in the projejjions they make. It is now almofl universally admitted that government has its legitimate origin, only from the people ; how important does this consider ation render the business of education ; for as on the one hand a free government depends on the wisdom and virtue of the community, so on the other, the manoeuvres of those who would persuade the people that liberty may be support ed without government, than which 110 absur dity can be greater, depends altogether on the ignorance of mankind for their fuccefsful ope ration. Since writing the foregoing, our correspon dent has read the General Advertijir of Thursday lall. The preceding sentiments coincide with u feleft remarks by a correspondent" in that paper—and though the Gazette of the United States has reiterated similar remarks a thou sand times since its lirft publication yet, cloathed in the elegant drels furnifhed by the correspondent of the u General Advertiser," they must be read with pleasure and advantage: \S cleft remarks l/y a Correspondent,— not the worse FOR BEING TRUE, IT is a maxim, too obvious to be disputed, that an ignorant people cannot long preserve' freedom. How then, it will be alked, are Sa-j vages free ? They are so by nature. The li berty of a Savage however, and that of a civil ized man are efientiaHy different. Civil liberty implies both restraint and protection ; but a Savage is neither prote&ed nor retrained. Where there is no government at all, men are literally free ; but from a want of law they cannot enjoy their freedom. Where there is a despotic government the people are politi cally (laves ; but still they are not in a worse condition than Savages who remain as free as nature formed them. There cannot, speaking, be any ra tional freedom without fixed laws. There can be n» such laws where there is no civilization. 83 And as an ignorant people cannot be called ci vilized, they are witliout thole materials which form the protection of law, and therefore can not deem theinfeives free. In tracing the causes of the decline of States, one after another, we are pielented with a (h iking demonstration of the truths jult men tioned. It must happen that the iplendor and pageantry of courts, the opulence and artifice of a few individuals will create a glare of civil ization, which dazzles the great bulk of a com munity who are itill too unenlightened to be called civilized. No nation delerves such an appellation, where knowledge and property are confined to a few persons ; any more than that delerves to be called a learned nation, in which a few individuals have made eminent attain ments in science. The prevailing cast ot cha racter among the people at large, is what should constitute the national chara&er. Where the inhabitants of any country are destitute of the means of acquiring a current information of public affairs, they cannot be brought into a concert of views. They will be imprelTed with discordant notions ot men and measures, and it will be impoflible to pro duce any union of sentiment. A bitter Ipirit of party will inevitably attend such a situation, and public spirit will expire in the rage ot fadliojr. The evils of fa&ion, however, will always be checked in a community which poflfel's general information. The attempts of turbulent and intriguing men will soon be difcovercd and ea sily defeated by a well informed people, and all the avenues of public danger will be ftriftly guarded. Such people will readily learn w hat they ought to bear and what to refill. They will seldom commit mistakes, because they are raised above ignorance, which is the only foil in which mistakes can grow. The public opin ion will of course be just and venerable. It will controul the formation of the laws, which will be so congenial to the public wish, and the public interest, that there can be no motive, and consequently no chance for a bad execution, i The only certainty that a law will be well ex ecuted, results from its beings consonant to the general opinion—but how is an ignorant peo ple to form any general opinion 5 The interest of mankind and their duty are the fame thing. It is only because people are unenlightened that their ideas of thole objects lhould ever be so far leparated as not to be exprefled by the fame word. Nature made them alike, and why should man make them different ? Mr. Paine being informed that the British ministry intend to bring a prosecution against him, in a letter to the 4< Society for conltitu tional information." observes, a nation (as well the poor as the rich) has a right to know what any works are which are made the fubjeft of I prosecution." The getting out a cheap edi tion is, I conceive, fays he, rendered more ne | ccllary—and he is accordingly proceeding with the work. The society took into consideration the con- i tents of laid letter—and voted their thanks to Mr. Paine, for his disinterested patriotiim— the society pafled sundry resolutions exprefllve of their determination to Hipport the author of the rights of man—and to persevere in the pro secution of the work for which they aflociated. An address is publtfhed from the fame society to the Club of the Jacobins in Paris. PRICE OF STOCKS. 6 per Cents, 21/9 3 per Cents, 4 12J6 Deferred, * 13J Full /hares Bank U. S. 48 per cent. prem. (hares, 61 TO CORRESPONDENTS. Philagathos ftiall appear as loon as pofTiblc —If "A. B." intended his note for publication, it appears propei that he (hould be known to the Editor. INFORMATION. THE Adminiilration of the French Colony of St. Domingo, continuing to draw bills upon me, though advifcd more than two months ago to suspend drawing—l am under the neceflity, in or der to avoid cxpofing the credit of France, of in forming the Public, that from the date of this ad vertisement, I will not accept or pay any of tbofc bills beyond No. 138, of the 17th of July. In cafe the government of France mould make provision and give orders for the payment of the bills of the said admimftration, I fhal 1 make it known immediately. ANTO.INE R. C. M. de LA FOREST, ConfuVGeneral of France. Philadelphia, Augujl g:h, 1792. (£3T It is expe&ed that ihc Editors of the news papers will give c irculation through the United States, to information so particularly intcrefting to trade. A further Caution. ALL perlons are hereby cautioned horn receiv ing of Thomas Mackie & Co. or any other pa lon, lour Notes of Hand, given by the late James Gardner, of Wilmington, North-Carolina, to Samuel JachJon, of Philadelphia, all bearing date the 19. h July, 1785, amounting in the whole to £ . 2,600 13 3 North-Carolina currency; the greaieit part of which (aid Notes have been paid to fa id I'homas Matkie & Co. in proof of which the subscriber* have the deposition of Mr. Jasper Mauduit Jackson, and other documents which w ill fully and clearly iliuftrate the matter. It is therefore expetted that this notice, with the one adveriifcd in this paper in May and June, 1791, will be a fuflicient caution to the public. THOMAS WRIGHT, ) ROBERT SCOTT, C Executors. ' MAR. R. WILLKINCS, ) Wilmington i (N. C.) Aug. 1, 1792. (lamgm) WANTED—TO RENT, $~f A convenient Houfc, in or near the centre of the City.—Enquire of the t<iit&r % PROPOSALS, By ISAAC NEALE, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION^ (Tut mr.th edition of) The Travels of Cyrus: TO WHICH IS ANNEXED, A DISCOURSE upon the THEOLOGY an I MYTHOLOGY of the PAGANS. BY THE CHEVALIER RAMSAY, THE Travels of Cyrus having gone through (9 many editions in Europe, every thing wtneb might be laid to recommend so valuable a work, is rendered useless ; and as it is now alinoit, if not entirely out of print, the publilher truits there will be little difficulty in procuring a refpc&able lift ot lubfcribers to an American Edition. CONDITIONS. This work will be published in one volume, i2mo. on good deiny paper, and a neat type; ana will contain about 350 pages. The price to fublcnbers wiil be On e Dol lar, to be paid on the delivery of the book, whicu will be neatly bound and lettered. The work, (ball be put to prcis in O&ober next, provided there shall be 250 lubfcribers. Any peilon fuolcribing tor, or procuring sub scribers for twelve books, and will be refponfiblc for the payment, (hall be entitled to two gratis. The names of fubfcribeis Ihall be piehxed to the work. Subscriptions received by mod of the Booksellers in Philadelphia and New-York. N. B. Gentlemen who may please to encourage the work by procunng fublcnptions, are requeited to forward a Jilt ot the names subscribed, i>y the 20th day of O&obcr next. Burlington, July 21,1 792, War Department, August 6, 1792. INFORMATION is heieby given to all the Military Invalids of the United States, that tne funis to which they are intitled for fix months of their annual pension, from the 4th day ot Match 1792, and which will become due on the sth day ot .September 1792, will be paid on the laid day by the Commiihoners of the Loans within the Slates refpe£ltvely, under the usual regulations, viz. Every application for payment mult be accom panied by the following vouciicrs. :ft. The certificate given by the (late, fpecifying that the person poflie fling the fame is in fait an in valid, and afceitaining the sum to which as iuch he is annually entitled. 2d. An affidavit, agreeably to the following form : A. B. came before me, one of the J uflices of the county of in the fiute of and made oatn that* he is the fame A. li. to whom the original certificate in his pojjeffion 1 uas given y oj which tne following is y a copy (the certifcttc given by the slate to be recited) That he served (regiment, corps or veJJelj at the time he was disabled, and that he now rejides in the and county of and has lefded there for the lafl years, previous to which he re sided in In cafe an invalid foculd apply for payment by an attorney, the said attorney, besides the certifi cate and oath belore recited, mull produce a spe cial letter of attorney agreeably to the following form : I, A. B. of county of flute of do hereby conflitute and appoint C. D. of my lawful attorney, to receive in my behalf of my penjton for Jix months, as an invalid of the United states, from the fourth day of March, one thousand fee en hundred and ninety-two, and ending the jijth day of September, one thoujandfeven hundred tnd ninety-turn. Signed and lcaled in the pielence of Acknowledged before me, Applications of executor* and adminiftiators mull be accompanied with legal evidence of their refpc&iv.r offices, and also ot ihe time the invalids died, whose ptnlion they may claim. By command of the Prcfident of the United States, H. KNOX, Secretary of War. £3" The Printers iri the refpeftive States are requested to publish the above 111 their newspa pers, for the space of two months. Sixty Dollars Reward. BROKE goal in Baltimore, the 10th of April laft,and made his efcape,a Negro Man BILL FLANAGAN, the property of the sub scriber. He is a ftoul, straight likely fellow, about 25 years of age; 5 feet 8, 9or 10 inches high. He itrcfts to be a zealous Method tit, is extremely art ful, talkative and plausible; can read, and it n supposed can write. He had on a failoi's rrd cloth jacket, a ftiiped ditto, an old coarse linen lhin, and a pair of canvaft troufersj he was barefooted. It is not doubted he will alter his drels, and change his name. He was lately the property of Capt. Joseph Goutrou,of Baltimore, and was employed as a sailor on board his packet ) and it is probable may try to get oa board some vessel in capacity of seaman. It is supposed he ia now in New-York or Phila delphia Whoever takes up and fccure» said Negro, so that the fubferiber gets him again, {hall receive Sixty Dollars reward, and rcafonable charges. CHRISTOPHER HUGHES. Baltimore, Augujl 1, 1792 TO EE SOLD BY THE EDITOR, AN ALPHABETICAL LIST of the Duties payable on all Goods, Wares and Merchant due imported into the United States ; exhibiting. :he Rales payable on tWe imported in Ships or VelTcls of the United States, and in Foreign Ships ior Veflels; including the additional Duties to which the refpeftive Articles are liable. ALSO, A TABLE for receiving and paying Gold graduatid according to Law—Blank Manifeds— And Blanks for the various Powers o( Attorney 'necctfary in tranfatt ng Buiiuefs at tire Treafuiy or at the iiank oi the United States. (ep3 w ) | U'itneJfeT. (taw 4 t)
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers