I (No. i, of Vol^ Wm. CLE LAND, •■X BOSTON, Tranfafts business in the Funds of thi Uhitert States; SANK STOCK, BILLS ot' EXCH ANGE, &c. ftjT Orden from New-York, Philadelphia, »r any otHer part of the Union, will be attended to ■with Diligence and Punctuality. June 1 For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. PUBLIC SCHOOLS, THr, man who pays refpeft to the opinions of others, as he will »f hp is confeious he is under their eye, will follow virtue. In like manner people should keep an eve on government. It is a kind of moral check which keeps base and turbulent paflions down. A well informed peo ple, as every free one should be made, will form a kind of confctence for government which will often guide and always awe then* rulers Theft is a consequence of raising the body of the citizens bv establishing schools and making the means of education general that has not been noticed, tho it deserves confederation. The admimftration of a country cannot become very piofligale and cor rupt unless the body of the citizens are in a great degree degraded by ignorance. An enlightened public will find means to give authority to their opinion of men and measures ; bad men in pow er may despise the clamours of a London or Paris mob — but the rrfle&ed indignation of a wi(V peo ple like the blast of heaven will penetrate the walls of brass that seem to defend them. The fleady light thrown on villainy will be irre/iftible, for molt great crimes agamft a public can exist on iy in darkness. Knowledge evidently tends to purifv morals ir- private life, why not in public ? A remarkable proof that it does so, appears from the great reformation of the private lives of prin ces in modern times. Modern Europe would Tiot, tol®ratc the m mfters whose cnormitie? pol lute the page of ancient history.—Probably the af fairs of Ame'ica have been managed with as much purity a» thp»fe of any country whatever ; the fu ■perior knowledge of the people is a principal cause.—As t be ete&'ons are free, and Tince the new government the conduct of rulers having become more public and intereftin?, we may cxpeft tq continue :o enjoy the two following advantages— that men of bad private characters will not be chosen, and that the public eve will keep them from at Je«ift very flagrant violations of duty. The newspapers indeed throw out such insinuations a £ainft Congress. But the state of knowledge in ihe country refutes them. It is not very credible that men of such known base and corrupt princi ples as they impute co Congrels should have been freely ele£led,at leafl not a majority of luch men ; and if members of Congress were not woife than men are usually found, it is strange that they should since have become so shamelessly abandoned as they are represented. The intention of these remarks however, is to evince the advantage of establishing schools, and •providing for the general information of the ci tizens ; we seem to think we are true sons of li berty, and that in our day there is fafety. The danger after v- e leave the stage will be less than it is at present, if we take ca>e that our childrrn ih ill be wiser than we ourselves are. It is a mif fortune that those who have knowledge are fatis fied with the polTellion or thev are too lew, and their influence too much refiftfd and fufpefted by the multitude to give to this firft republican duty that preponderance which is necelTary to its being obfrrved. Enough is not thought, nor said, nor done about providing free schools. The fubjeft aftords many important points of view which it would require some labor to prefrnt diftinftly- The moral, the political uses of learning, how much it advances human happtnefs and exalts human na- ture are topics which the benevolent mind de lights to contemplate. Another class of men would be more influenced by our shewing that an ignorant people earn less than those who are well informed—that the spirit of enterprise, the inven tive faculties ol the mind acquire new force and a&ivitv with the latter, especially as the spirit of imitation and a lively emulation will be so evident ly incited. there a man who doubts that the 94 letters are a inoreufeful invention than the dis covery of a new continent.-^And yet while w<- push our enquiries to find out the figure and hifto ryof the earth with a curiofuy 'bat grows mort ardent while we indulge it, how large a part ol mankind are yet to rereive the advantages of the invention of letters ? Learning,like the polar day, gleams in twiliglil only over a small part of tin horizon ; while ignorance seems even yet to be condensing her fogs and to browd like chaos ovei an iniperfeft world : And even we who enjoy tho twilight fuffVr the children ol the poor to rema;, with the film on their «ycs, and to grope thei way through life in the dark. Education removes 'hat film. Men of sense and virtue you who pof ,r s prope.ty or power, begin this work ; establish schools, make the uiflru&ion of youth charge and the care of government, and you will not have lived in va«n. PHILO. THOSE equal laws our citizens demand, ]u(lice requites that they should understand ; From public f.hools, Oiall general knowledgeflow. For 'tis the people's sacred right— to know ; One solid ast of public good outweighs, 1 he boads of fcicnce, ?nd ihe hero's praise. A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WtUNr.SDAYS AND SATURDAYS stY JOHN FEN NO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA V-] CoME, vefair nymphs! who,H'»;e the gilded fly That flutters hecdlcfs o'er the bendiug gr?fs; In g'ddy rounds your fleeting moments pjfs— Come, look, and let lol't (orrow fill your eye. See where fwrct El a, robb'd of balmy breath, From parents, life and her companions torn, Ciopi like the rose-bud opening to the mom, Extended lies upon the bed of death. {epim & 1 atczm) She once was beautiful and young as you, As fpiightly too (he rang'd the airy round, In dance fantaOic o'er th' enamelM ground, And tho't her gidd> pleasure was the true. She wak'd the sleeping echoes from iheir springs, With songs delightful to the lift'ning ear, As warbling founds that fill the trembling air, When Zephyr plays amid ft the Eolian firings. No {ecret fear of danger (hook her mind ; But light, and fporiive as the playful breeze That winds in Spring aroundthe bloHom'd trees, Her minutes flew, nor left a sting behind. 'Till the hot fever burning in her veins, Reuiift tyrant with hi 6 hundred j tongues. To telJ her of her nn-rcpcntcd wrongs ind picrce her fliuter'd heart with goading pains. Then, like the lily rising on the vale, Whofecupsare fili'd withpearlsof morrrngdew, Appear'd her pensive eyes of azure blue— And her young cheeks were like this be»uty, pale. Deep mournful sighs rose from her troubled foul; Upon her lifted hand the Client tear Fell frequent 'till ih' Eternal heatd her pray'r, And bade her flood of sorrow ceafc to roll. She felt sweet Hope diffufed ihroug'n her breast, Her heart no longer ftiuggled with Dofpair ; Mild Resignation's calm and heav'nlyair Smil'd on her facc, and spoke her future reft. True Gratitude now touch'd her tender mind, And oft in Client rapture would she raifc Her snowy hands, and her Creator praise, In speaking looks, of a seraphic kind. Her fair companions would she call around, And bid them turn from folly's flow'ry way, Left thev, like her, should wander far astray. And lose themfclve* io pleafmc's f;u»y ground. Just when the Holy Angels hover'd near, To bear her spirit to the good on high, Saturday, June 2, 1 79 2 - Far the GAZPTtf »f the UNITED STATES. THE DEATH OF ELA. And place her 'midst the muftc of the flcy, She warbled founds that Saints might wish tohear. 41 My blooming frirnds adore the God of Love, " 'Tis he alone is worthy of your care ; *' By early piety your fouls prepare " To meet the glories of eternal Jove." 4{ The song of peace salutes my raptur'd ears, " My filler Spirits call my foul away— " I fly—l mount into the realms of day, '* Where sorrows end, and music fills the spheres." Dear Maid ! when rested in thy lonely cave, Tho' thy pale cheeks shall be of worms the prey, And thy fair form shall mould to dust away, Yet lhall new honors bloom above thy grave. Eaeh vernal (low'r upon thy grafTy bed, With brilliant colors tin&ur'd trom the (kv, In beauty's chai ms shall catch the traveller's eye, And bend to ev'ry breeze its lovely head. Thy pensive Vinvela shall muting gaxe, And while she fees (hose brauties waging there, Her glift'ning eye (hall drof> a tender tear, And frequent sighs exprefsher Eia's praise. STORY OF THE EVERLASTING TAPER AN EXTRACT — FROM THE FORESTERS* "\TOW I have spoken of madam's taper, per i_\| haps you will be amused with some accuunt of it. It is a wax candle of a common size, set in an old fafhioned iilver candlestick, richly embofled and gilt, but the ru(l and dud of it are so sacred, that it is never permitted to be fcourc.i. The tra dition is, that thi« candlestick formerly belonged to Sr. Peter, and the candle firft placed in it is fup pol'ed to have been lighted at the sun, and by a mysterious kind of uninterruptedJ'ucccJjion> has been kept burning ever fw'ce. Bv the light of this ta per, old madam reads her bible and books of de votion, which always lie on a table by her bedside. " Some perform of an incredulous turn of mind, have pretended to call in queftiori this mystery ; hut ; t is still lie!d sacred by the old lady» and by noft of Mr. Bull's own family. There are forne even among the forefters of the fame opinion ; and such is the liberality in these families, that no one is molcfted in the indulgence of any innocent whim, which does not affed the peace of the fa milies, nor the inieicft of the partnerftiip. It was not long after the re-eftab J ithment of harmony be tween them and Mr. Bui! % that these persons sent two candles in one lantern, and one in another, to be this venerable taper, and dipt in the consecrated waters. Two of them were afluallv lighted in old Madam Bull's prelence, and to her great fatisfa&ion. The other was lighted at a ta per supposed to be derived from the fame original, but " hid under a bu(hel ,s in one of sister Peg's out-houfes, it not being permitted to burn public ly in her family, where the only candles allowed are ot the manufa&ure of Geneva. * This int'rejiing work is publi/ked zvith the privi lege of Copy dig/it, and wjU probably be for JULr in this city in a feu days. WeJhall not theref ore untuipate, by publi/ning any further extra fir. + Anrrican Bishops. 1 11 There has been long a controversy between different opirnonills on this fubjett, as between the in Liliput, about breaking ihe egg ai the big or little end. But it is eafv enough to ac commodate the matter by granting that S'.. Pewr's candle, as well as those from Geneva, were ongi- j nally lighted at the hun ; that the fame source o!j light i> open to all; and that it is ot no confluence of whflt materials tapers are made, nor in wh»tj "kind of candlesticks they are placed, nor by whose hands they are lighied, provided they givefo dear a light as to answer the purposes of ti/ton." HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, March 33, 1792. The proportion refpefling a further ajfumption of thc\ State Debts under eonjiicration. MR. CLARK, on the further alTumption, ob served, that he supposed every man had made up his mind on this fubjeft, and that there fore a lengthy debate would be precluded. He fnould vote again ft it-—lf it had not been for the alTumption, we should not have been saddled with the excise, and a great number of officers. He knew of no advantage which had refultec; from the great encreafe of the debt—it had gone into the hands of foreigners—and for it we had got little more than a parcel of gewgaws, tooth picks, and other baubles. Our lands bad not been improved, nor had any other advantage that he knew of resulted from it. The residue of the state debts was not so great, but that the states could easily provide for it. Mr. WilUamfon said he considered the propo sition as founded on so unequal principles, as it particularly refpefts North-Carolina, that he lhoul# find himfelf obliged to fay NO to it. Mr. Giles said he was entirely principled against the aiTumption. The measure originat ed altogether with the Secretary of the Trea sury—and his report contained all the reasons which he had heard urged in favor of it. He then entered into a consideration of the effects of the funding system generally—one was, to draw the public wealth from the remote parti of the union to the feat of government. Mo ney, at the time this system was firft in agita tion, was drawn from the bank, to accommodate persons who meant to,and did speculate in state paper in the distant parts of the union, where it was extremely low. A system therefore which has had this effect, ought not to be ftrengthenecl by adding to itthe means offtillfurtherdraimng the distant states—the effect may be a tempora ry relief to some of the distant states, but will finally operate greatly to their injury. The next argument he noticed, was that drawn from the inconvenience of conflicting sys tems of finance. He thought the prel'ent debt of the United States was fully equal to the re sources of the government, and ought not to be encreafed; for with that encreafe, an encreafe of burthens is neceflarily iinpofed.—The resour ces of the general government are said to be not yet unequivocally secured—he hardly knew what was meant by this, except it was that the state governments were not yet fufficiently prostrate. The mass of debt already on the flioulders of the United States, he considered as quite fuf ficient; and to add to it, would be nothing bet ter than adding to a mass of corruption ; for he considered the debt in no other light. VINVELA The public content, it is faid,will be increas ed by the measure—he thought di rcctly the re verse—he anticipated great and increasing dif-j content*. The justice of the measure is mentioned—'ie adverted to the proportions already aflumed on account of the several states, and (kid it was evi dent that the most flagrant injustice had been done, and therefore a further afTumption was not'ling better than a inanifeft proposition to perpetuate a fyftein of injustice. The debt, it is laid, will he purchased by fo reigner-, if it is not aflumed—he conceived the reverse idea was the true one, and experience fan&ioned his fuopofjtion. Additional taxes, it is said in the report, will not be necefTary—he thought the report was in confident with itfelf, as was evident by a sub sequent remark contained in it. At any rate he Oiould think himfelf acting an unjuftifiable part in aifuming a debt when he knew not what resources were contemplated to pay it. He was therefore in favor of postponing the| fubjefr to the time when the sense of the people could be more fully afcertaincd by a larger re presentation in that house. Mr. Smith said, the gentleman lias refered to the reasons contained in the last report of the Secretary—"vherear, his reasons are more fully stated in hi; firft report; to which he wifiied gentlemen would recur. TiiS gentleman from CONGRESS. PHILADELPHIA. [Whole No. 525. I New-Jerfcy (Mr. Clark) has observe '. that he supposes every gentleman has made up his inind, ind yet he goes on to date his obje6i ins to the meafare. He hoped the gentleman would not jbjeft to other persons giving their reasons why they are iufavor of it, or of anfv/ering his ob jections. He then noticed Mr.Clark's remarks efpefting the excise. The excise, Mr. Smith Paid, was not the result of the aiTuniptior—it was firft thought of for the debt of the United states, and was diverted from this debt, on account of the impod being taken from the dates. It has been laid that some of the didant dates are opposed to a farther affumptior. T r. answer to this, he said fo:ne of the didant dates were in favor of it—he indanced Sonth-Caro lina, the legislature of which had expressly in dru&ed their representatives to advocate it— He infilled that the reasoning of the Secretary was conc'ufive, in refpeft to the loss the dates would incur by reason of the speculations of fo reigners. The debt is due, and mud be provid ed for. Foreigners consider this government as in honed government; and putting confidence n tW jultice, will purchase the debt. He further observed, that a great saving would be made by a further aflumption—it would reduce the interest from 7 to about 4k ier cent. The debt is ajuft debt, and has as good preten tions as that already provided for—and therefore the gentleman is mistaken in faying that a far ther afiumption would be founded in injultice—— lie gentleman fays if the debts are notalfumed, foreigners will not buy them—the gentleman <urely does not mean that the debt (hall never He paid; but his reasoning goes to that. The gentleman calls the public debt a mass of cor ruption—if the debt is a mass of corruption, it is better to confine it to as narrow limits as pos sible. Having eftablirtied the principle of aflump tion, it remains that the government £hou\l '■ompleat the fyltem ; otherwise a manifeft in justice will take plate, by creating a diftinflion between creditors exaftlv similarly circumstan ced in the firft place, and whose demands are .irecifely the fame with thole provided for. A surplus has been alTumed in some of the states, in rm'O'onenrc of the as to the sum already assumed. These fabfcriptions are in a very awkv/ard lituation indeed. He next noticed Mr. Giles's obfervatiorns as toapoftponement, and his reasoning arising from i deficiency of funds; there was no di fiici. Tv on the ftibjetft of funds, said he, when the frontiers were under consideration, nor when the ge ntle ,nan urged paying off the national debt. With refpeft to pointing out the am® .Irrt of the funds necefTarv—this, he observed, would be premature, till the amount to be provided for was known. Mr. B. Bourne observed, that t'lough it was fuppoled that objections would be made to the proposition, it was hardly to be expected that they would be made by gentlemen from states whose debts have already been completely as-> fumed—He then adverted to the lituation of thole states who had yet a large debt to pay— and expatiated on the nature of fio'e debts, and urged the absolute neceflity and juflice of a further assumption. If, said be, the meafurd ivas unjust at firft, which does not appear, it is nw a measure of ftrift justice and found policy —The state of Rhode-Island had not had any thing like justice done to her in the former af rumption—Her debt amounts to one fiftietjl of the whole debt assumed, whereas (he has only a one hundred and seventieth part provided for— the injustice of this partial provision was so flar ";rant, that he hoped it would not be continued by rejecting the proposition. Mr. Clark added some further remarks—H« was for a settlement of the accounts before any further steps were taken in afluming. Mr. Baldwin said he had always been opposed to the allumption, and on that principle Ihould oppose proceeding any further in the business— He stated certain objections against the general government's extending their legiilation to ob jedts which are not contemplated in the organi zation of the government—An inequality of burthens is the inevitable consequence, as no 'ecnrity for an honest apportionment of taxes oa so general a fcale,from the nature of the govern ment can be expected. Mr. Baldwins' fpeecri appeared to be def.gned to impress this idea, that a previous ascertain- nent of tha bona fide debt of the refpeftive States lliou'd precede any assumption. Mr. Smith (3. C.) replied generally to Mr. Baldwin. Mr. Mercer. Language has changed, ptftj lie debt is no longer corfidered as a public blessing, 'jut as a public curse—and this ientiinent per vades this House ; What is the nature of th« pre ft: lit proposition ? why it is to assume the debt of the several States—and thus we are to s;o on afluming as long as any debt; exist in any of the State". There never was a larger sluice to overflow the public with the burthen of an enormous debt, than that contained in the proposition. He confidercd it as holding out a temptation to originate anew, claims which have been alrea dy funk : A frcond and third finite, said lie, is" opened i;i th" deferred and irredeemable qualify
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