&gz(fU PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA [No. 101, of Vol. ll.] Discourses on Davila No. 50. THE Hugonots lay siege to Poitiers. The Duke of Guise re solves to throw himfclf into it to succour the garrison. This young Prince, the obje£l of the hopes of the Catholics, proposed 10 himlelf to become one day their Chief, by imitating thus, at the beginning of his career, b) an illustrious and memorable ex ample, the glory of his father; who, by the defence of Metz igatnft the forces of the Emperor Charles the Vth. had prepared his way to the highest power and molt brilliant reputation, The Duke of Anjou proposes to raise the siege by a diversion— he aflembles his army, and leads it to Chatelleraud. The Admi ral raises the siege of Poitiers, and obliges the Duke of Anjou to raise that of Chatelleraud. The Duke of Guise, however, by his activity in defence of Poitiers, and his frequent ("allies, came out of it covered with glory and applause ; the whole Catholic party began to consider him as the support of religion, and the worthy iucceffor of the power of his father. Sanfac in vain lays siege to la Charite. The Earl of Montgomery defeats the Royalists in Beam, surrounds Terfide, and takes him prisoner. The Duke of Anjou comes to Tours, to consult with the King his brother, and the Queen Mother : The Duke of Guise camc there alio, ftiining with honor and glory for the great a&ions by which he had figna lizcd himfclf at the defence of Poitiers. They all deliberated on the means of pushing the war, and the Duke of Guise, coming in the place of his father, was then admitted for the firft time into the secret council: he owed this favor to the splendor of his birth, to the services of his father, to his own valor, to the prote6lion of the Cardinal of Lorrain his uncle, but above all to the implacable hatred which the King had conceived against the Admiral. After the death of the Prince of Conde, at the battle of BafTac, Charles had entertained hopes that the Calviniftical party, no longer fup poited by the authority of a Prince of the blood, norof a General r.apable by his reputation and his valor of supporting the weight of so great an entcrprize, would separate and disperse, or at leafl incline to submit. But he saw, on the contrary, that the policy of Xhe Admiral had re-animated the forces of his party; that his valor and his ability, by availing himfelf of the name of the two young Princes of the blood royal, had preserved union among the Cai vinifts, caused greater commotions, and exposed the State to dan gers more terrible than any which had been before experienced. He therefore caused the Admiral Coligni to be declared a rebel, by an arret of the Parliament of Paris, which was pubiifhed and translated into several languages. They dragged him in effigy upon an hurdle, and attached him to a gibbet in the place destined •to the execution of malefa&ors : they ordained that his houses should be razed to the foundations, and his g«ods fold at auction. From this time the King resolved to pursue the Admiral to death, began to elevate and favor the house of Lorraine, and above all the Duke of Guise, who, burning with ardor to revenge the death of his father, did not dissimulate the implacable hatred he bore to Coligni. The Admiral continues the war with vigor. The Duke of Anjou, whose army had been reinforced, fecks a battle: the Admiral endeavors to avoid it. At length he prepares for it, for ced by a mutiny of his own army who demand it: he endeavors iieverthelefs to retire : the Duke of Anjou pursues him, and joins hitn near Moncontour : the two armies come to a&ion on the plains of Moncontour, and a bloody battle ensues; victory i emains to the Duke of Anjou, with a great carnage of the Hugonots. The party is discouraged; but the Admiral, although dangerously wounded, raises their spirits, and persuades them to continue the war. The Princes and the Admiral abandon the whole country, except Rochelle, Angouleme, and Saint Jean d'Angeli. Their design was to join the Earl of Montgommeri—a resource which fortune seemed to have referred to re-eflablifti their forces and repair their loffe*. After that jun&ion, they intended to re main in the mountains until the Princes of Germany and the Queen of England should fend them succours. They founded, moreover, some hopes on the Marlhall of Da in vi lie, Governor of Langue doc, who for some time appeared inclined in their favor, and wiih whom they maintain a secret intelligence. While the Constable lived, Damville had held a diflinguifhed rank in the Catholic party, and had (hewn himfelf a declared enemy of the Hugonois. His jealousy against Francis of Montmorenci, his elder brother, who was connected in friendfhip with the Prince of Conde and the Colignis, his relations, had inspired him with this hatred of the Calvinifts; which had been fomented by the eftcem which 'he Guises pro felled for him, and the favors they procured him. Able and profound in difliinulation, according to conjunctures, they had employed all poflible artifices to retain him in their party, and by his intervention to attach to them indiflolubly, the Consta ble, who discovered much predilettion and partiality for Dam ville, whom he believed luperior 111 courage and abilities to his other children. The Queen Mother made him the fame demon orations. Obliged, during the minority of the King, to manage the grandees, (he employed the Marital Damville to prefeive her the attachment of the Constable; but, after his death, all these mo tives and confederations ccafed. The Queen, who had no longer occasion for Damville, gave herfelf little trouble to reward his ler vices. The Guises, far from showing him the lame regard, em ployed the management and persuasions of the Cardinal of Lor raine, who was now very highly in favor with Charles IXth. to depress and disserve the Marshal, as a sprout of an house which tad been long the object of hatred and jealousy to that of Lor ran.e. Damville soon perceTvcd this change: the death of his fatnei put an end to his differences with his elder brother, who was not less exasperated than himfelf at the refufal of the office of Constable, pofleffed so long by their father, and which they had Solicited more than once. He began to make advances to the friends and relations of his family, and fought to renew an inter com fe with the Admiral, to whom he intimated secret, though uncertain hopes. This motive had hindered him from fuccour mg Terfide in Beam, and from taking from the Htigonots the places which they held in Gafcony and Langucdoc. He was the inore inclined in favour of the Calvinifts, as he saw the Admiral a.rcady advanced in years, and every day exposed to evident dan gers. If this nobleman should die before the Princes were of an a gc to command, Damville hoped to lucceed him in the command die Calviniftic party finally, he dreaded, that if the King and the Guises should overbear the Princes, the Admiral and all r Nugonots, they would then turn their efforts against the family or Montmerenci, which would remain alone of all the ancient ri xa's, who had iufpi* ed him with jealousy. These dispositions did not cfcapc the penetration of the Admiral. Excited by such hopes, • c persuaded the Princes to abandon the flat country, and retire a small number of troops into the mountains of Gafcony and Langucdoc. The Duke o! Anjou besieges and takes Saint Jean o Angeh, and lnfes much time and many soldiers : he falls Tick retires fiift to Angers, and then to Saint Germain. The Saturday, April 16, 1791. Princes join the Earl of Montgommeri, and reinforce their troops 111 Gafcony. Tliey pass the winter in the mountains,and descend into the plains in the spring : they pass the Rhone, and extend themselves into Provence and Dauphiny. They march towards Noyers and la Charite, with the design to aporoach Paris. The King fends against them an army under the command of the Mar (hall de Code, a general of little attivity, and who desired not the ruin of the Hugonots. From a fear of confiding his armies to no blemen, whom their elevation, their power and their animosities, or the great number of thcr partisans, had rendered fufpefted by him, the King committed the conduit of it to a General, who, persisting in his ordinary inclination, gave the Hugonots a favora ble opportunity to revive. This resolution was also attributed to the policy of the Duke of Anjou, who dreaded that some other General might take away the fruit of his labors and viflories. It is pretended that luch motives engaged him to inspire the King with suspicions against all the other Princes and Genera's, and to prefer, to them, a man whom he considered as incapable of gaining my great advantages. FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. MR. FENNO, r ~T<HAT the legislature has a right to inftrucfl A the Senators of the State in Congress, is an aflertion made to vindicate the condudl of fotne particular State Afleinblies. I will let the question of right alone, because I hate long argumenis—and so I believe your readers do. A inan has a right to do a great many unvvife things : He has a right to spend his estate—or if he should not, to cut off his chil dren with j/. a piece—and feme maintain that he has a right to beat his wife. By doing either he would diflurb the peace and happiness of his family, and so far as their consent would go, the world would cheerfully give him a right to hang hitnfelf. Without touching the queltion of right in a legal sense, no wife AHembly will do a very mischievous atft—we speak accurately enough in common when we fay that they have no right to do it. What is the tendency of an Assembly voting and giving instructions to their Senators againlt the proceedings of Congress ? When 1 scribble in your Gazette, 1 barely obtain notice—the rea ders glance a careless eye over the page—and even if it amuses, it is soon forgotten: A few ideas may be laid up by some—but they are re ceived without any authority, and retained with out knowing whence they cauie—a memorial from a town, and especially from a great city, has weight—each individual receives it as the opipion of a great many individuals, and there fore refpeiiable —still they are only individuals, vvhofe opinion dispute, because he never anthorifed them to decide the matrer for him.— The cafe is far otherwise with a representative aflembly: They arcchofento enquire, to decide, and to enforce their decisions ; their doings are published, not as problems for dispute, but as so lemn judgments to put an end to it—and this work ofjudging, the citizens commonly let thein pursue without taking any part in it on ordinary occasions ; they mind their business, and leave their fei vants to do their duty, in making laws for thcin. In a free country, the legislature will poflefs the entire confidence of the people—they will not only make their laws, but in moll cases, regulate their opinions. Men cannot act as a so ciety but by their representatives, and there are reasons deduced from the nature of man, which will (hew that these representatives cannot long govern a freefociety, without the trust and con fidence which has been noticed. Is not the tendency of the resolutions of state assemblies cenluringthe at'ts of Congress; destruc tive of this confidence, and of consequence of the peace and fafety of government ? What is it but resorting to the confidence of their constituents, to weaken and destroy that which is placed in Congress ? It is an attempt by means of the in fluence and authority of the legislature of a slate, over the minds of the people, to throw them in to thefcale against the general authority of the Union. Jt breaks asunder the very ties offocie rv and incites one part against another, by fett ilio- rhe fundamental principal of social union, in opposition to itfelf: Some will answer that it is true, state-remonstrances against Congress have this tendency—but they will fay, the interests and opinions of the people of a state are matters of fa(ft, which it is very proper Congress should know and that a remonstrance from the state legislature, conveys this information. To prove facts, and to establish arguments, Congress fliould resort to the authority of truth, not of a state. A measure that is likely to effedl men's interests will be remonstrated against by private persons, and their fa<fts and arguments will be brought to 817 [Whole No. 20r r ~\ Che test of truth. If the people should overlook or negled: their interetts, their members in Con gress may be supposed watchful and a dive enough to afl'ert them. But when a state interposes to stop a measure, will it be pretended that it is to represent facts or arguments merely, or to over awe Congress—some late events remove all doubt. To be continued. Fromthe New-York Daily Advertiser. TT is a very rare occasion indeed to fee a fafhion- A able practice receive such an improvement as to become a real utility, and to challenge the approbation of every discreet and reflecting per son.—Wealth judiciously applied is treasure in-> deed—But I must remark that, the jollity of clubs;—the felfi(h pursuits of new-fangled socie ties—and the interchange of polite attentions a - mong those wealthy citizens who reciprocate splendid civilities in order to pamper and gratify each other, come in no lhape within the pale of such a reflection. The feftivity ordinarily at tendant on marriages in this city, has never till yesterday, as tar as I know, penetrated into those doleful habitations Where wants and debts and fickncffcs devour, And heart-enliv'ning freedom's quite Ihut out. The uncommon method, which I am well in formed Mr. Alexander Robertfon took to honor the nuptials of his daughter gave rife to these thoughts, and furnifh a leflon well worthy ofte cord, and highly deserving of imitation. ' The following ftateinent while it exhibits Mr. Ptobertfon's manner of making merry, will illustrate without the aid of further commentary, those sentiments which cannot fail touching eve ry heart alive to the impulses of a disinterested benevolence. To cheer the hearts of the lick in the Alms House, and the hapless Debtors in Jail: I jo Loaves of Bread, 300 lb. of Beef, 130 lb. of Cheese, 3 barrels strong Ale, 3 barrels of Apples. These items I conceive evince a spirit of inge nious humanity: 1 Blush grandeur, blush, ye proud withdraw your blaze, * Share, if ye dare, your wealth ; —if not, give praif;.' Friday, April 8. Old Times. ExtrqCl from the reports of the London Humans So' TWO of his Sicilian Majesty's gallies being on a cruize, pursued and took an Algerine ves sel of 20 guns and 100 men. The prize wasfent to Naples, and whilst lying under guard at the Mole, a young gentleman then bathing, was seized with the cramp, and immediately funk, in the presence of numbers who did not attempt any thing for his relief. One of the Algerine sailors who was standing on the gunwale of the prize, instantly jumped into the water, and hav ing laid hold of the body in its rife, tied one end of a handkerchief round the shoulder, the other end of which he fattened to his own, and swam with it to shore. The drowned person was recovered by proper applications ; and the Mar quis de Palluchi, whose son was thus preserved, being introduced to the King, threw himfelf on his knees, and requested the liberty of the gal lant Algerine. His Sicilian majesty's reply was truly noble. " Your request, Sir, (said he) is bothreafonableandhumane ; the Moor is your's, and you may dispose of him as you please. The remainder of the crew are mine, and by the laws of war perpetual slaves : but they are free from this moment. Ten righteous men would havefaved Sodom from the wrath oftheAlinigh ty, and fhal! not one gallant and humane man, who has risked his life for an enemy, and restor ed to me so valuable a fubjetft, merit the pardon of a few companions? Next day an order was published for their release, and they departed ainidft the acclamations of the populace. JNECDOTE ON the arrival of one of the last Indiamen in England, a monkey, in the absence of his matter (one of the officers) amused himfelf with throwing from the cabin into the custom-house officers boat, rolls of silk, to the value of iool. which were intended to be sent on /here by a different conveyance. The silk was of course seized, and the offender hanged at the yard-arm for his ingenious imitations. &tiso ciety.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers