entmultiratins, IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.—No. V. EDINBURGH. A furious rain storm the day after our arrival in Edinburgh made it impossible to do anything out-doors, but just across the way from our hotel —McGregor's (which I do not recommend) were the National Gallery and the Antiquarian Muse um. The former we visited first, and found a large and valuable collection of paintings, some by the old masters. A very fine thing was the " Wolf-hunt "by Snyder. Then there were " A Boy Drinking" by Murillo, and Sir David kie's unfinished picture of John Knox adminis tering the sacrament, which is so good that one can't help regretting it is unfinished; but. above all is Rembrandt's painting of the "Deposition from the Cross," which is indeed a master piece. No one will ever forget that piece who has seen it. The rigidity of the muscles in death, the coloring of the flesh—the countenance of 'the Saviour—livid, wan, the blood under the hair frbm the crown of thorns—the gentle handling, Of the arm by Joseph of Arima.thea--: 7 the cloth between his hand and the Saviour's body, Mary. holding His head so tenderly—putting back the clotted. hair from' the forehead-:—the'twilibilt; the deep ening gloom, toned down sofilyijnit liAt'enoualci to disclose the scene—the body on linen, cloth 7-- Mary Magdalene leaning against, the cross—the ladder near by; all these and many othertleatures made the' picture touching and' impressive in the extreme. Then there was a sweet picture by Faed, ",Annie's' Tryste." A Highland lad ~and lassie are standing together—her face round :and bril liant in coloring, lAut - sad and troubled,' urned away from him as if pausing, pondering, doubt ing whether she should meet him again— he with Scotch bonnet and shepherd's plaid holding her left hand in his left—his right holding his staff; he pleading, coaxing, gazing intently in her face—her hair a smooth shining brown, almost wavy—both in early youth—all these make,up a cabinet picture of unusual merit.: The Antiquarian Museum w'as full of the most interesting objects, and especiallyyich in mat ters illustrating the histoiy of Scotland. It would be idle to attempt tomention even the names of the most important. All tourists visit or - should visit Dalkeith Palace, the seat of the Duke of Buccleugh, the richest man in Scotland. It is a very museum of art in every form, and is shown by the house keeper, a woman of , fine figure and car riage, but not above the fee which the- visitor is expected to drop into her hand as he leaves the house. On the lawn was a regiment of soldiers under drill, presenting a fine appearance., From Dalkeith Palace, with its church in the Park, you are driven through the village of Dalkeith (Vide "Mansie Waugh") to Hawthorn den, an old cantle which you' are not permitted to explore, and thence through, a glen of .12aost remarkable beauty for a- mile or- two to Roslyn Castle, a fine old ruin, and thence to Roslyn Chapel, the most.beantiful thing in architecture we have yet seen. It was a ruin, but has lately been restored. The choir is all that is perfect now, and service is held here regularly ; The Earl of Roslyn's family, and a' few other families in the neighborhood attend here, and a Sunday school is taught here also. 4 We spentmore than an hour in this splendid temple, and left it with great reluctance. Near the chapel we found some children playing under the trees, and tried to talk with, their', but we found it quite difficult to understand each other. Then it occurred to me to.ask.soine of the questions in the Shorter Catechism, and their lips were at once unsealed, and they answered with great accuracy as long as we continued to ask. They went to the Kirk in Dalkeith :and to the Sunday-school there. On the way back to the city we found Libberton where Reuben Butler preached. See the " Heart of Mid Lothian." Through the kindness of Mr. Robert of Philadelphia, I had a letter, of introduction to Mr. McNab, thecurator of the Botanical Gar dens in Edinburgh. Mr. McNab showed us per sonallY (a favor we hardly 'expected) through the extensive grounds and houses. Here are plants and flowers from all parts of the world. The palm houses were especially interesting, of great ,height and extent. The grounds include some seventeen acres, and the whole is know the property, of the Government. A class in Botany, from the. University come out here for. study, and a convenient Lecture Hall and Museum are pre pared for the purpos'e. ' ' ' Edinburgh is an exceedingly, interesting city. The ,new part is handsomely built with wide streets, well-cleaned and, lighted. Between the, new town and the old is . a great ravine' where the railway tracks are laid. In the new part are the reSixlenees,of the more wealthy classes, the fa, mous Prince's street for shops, the public parks, the Calton 'with its observatory, and monu , ments and fine-,churehes, while 'a little out 'of the city is the.famanns` Donaldson's Hospital' 'or fi charity school, ,as we 13 01 : 1 c,a4. ,On ,the other:Ride:lpr valley is the•great eastle,overleaking and frOsyning upon the :whole city, old arid neiciand apeesiritig through, the'dense smoke wliish sernetimesl4#gs r okerit, like's cas tle in the clouds—so.great is ilie elevation. Then _there is a High.street.running from the castle to Holyrood, but divided into five portions and called by different names. First there is Castle Hill, that part near the castle—then the lawn market or linen market—then the "High street," which is the principal' portion, then that part about John Knox's house which is called the " Netherbow," then that part between the- Nether bow and Holyrood called the " Canongate." In this High street (calling the whole of it by the one name) were Dr. G-uthrie's original ragged school, the Assembly Hall where the Free Church General Assembly meets, St. Giles' church, the ancient Parish church of Edinburgh adjoin ing which on the northwest formerly stood the old .Tolbooth or "the Heart of Mid Lothian." (See Scott's novel.) It is, now 'marked, 1;),i, t l be, fig . ure of a heart, in the crossing f r om the, church, to the Coventry Hall, and the old- Trott, church. Then the great Parliament House, with its, por . traits, ;its statues, its advocates' wall in the sc old hall—the seat', of. the Scotch. Parliament. before, the TJnion— : now the places for the, law courts— John Knox's house, with its, old stairway and quaint rooms, the, sitting : room, theybed-room, and most ipter,estiFig i of, all t i h,e .tiny i erlidy ir7 the win dow frorn,which he preaphe4 to, the assembled crowds t? and many seth,er„interesting houses and loca4ties connected with the history of Edin burgh and of Scotland:, • Branching from High street on either side, are what the ,people call " wynds,"—narrow,, crooked, alleys, so narrow that standing. in : the middle you easily reach, the houses on your right and left. The houses • are five to eight • and ten stories high, shutting out all sunshine of course, except it, may be for afevr minutes each day . whn it , is, not cloudy. I„ am glad to say, that these wynds are, not so filthy as one might expect, though it ! is a marvel/ how people, especially, mug children can live in such an atmosphere. ,It can, only be accounted for :in the, general 'princi ple that— " Verily the vitality of man is great." Sometimes Are, wypds bear the name of ",close," pronothiced " close." It was to a house in one of these that .Boswell brought. Johnson in 1773, before starting on his tour to the Hebri des,,. The house is now a book-bindery. The proprietor invited me to walk in, and I looked about the rooms with great interest. Another alley from the same side of the. High street, called Lady Stair's Glose,contains the house described in Scott's story of." My Aunt Margar et's Mirror," and. I read over tbe . door the inscription still' legible, " Fear the Lord and de part from evil." One, of these passagesis so narrow that it is called " Geddes' Entry." In one of the, very, narrow streets we looked . up the. house where it is, said Walter Scott. was born, , It is a very poor house in a very poor . street galled.thoPollege Wynd„inhabited now, by a half dozen families. I Lower down, in the , Canongate and, nearer to Holyroed, stood in former, time the, residence„of f the Scottish, noblemen. At the end of the street is. the Palace and, w,hat, ie, left of, the old. Ab,bey of .Holyrood. The pleasure of the visit ; here is , greatly marred by the guides,. :Op try • to stuff. the •; visitor, witln,,their extraordinary steries:, ;. They have a tale, to tell, and they ; must through. it, and. one must listen: The portraits in the gal lery are detestablecopies by, one man—a, great waste of canvass, and „coleus..., And yet it wss affeeting,to stand rooms where, once liFed Mary. Queen, of Scots, who, whatever may be', said, was at least untertunate, and around whose his tory, there, will alway.s be the deep coloring of ro rna,nee. They show her audience chamber, h,er, bed-room, with its old bed and,furniture, and ,the closet where Darnley, and his. fellow conspirators found Rizzio ; the place where they assassinated him, and the narrow-winding stone stairs down which they dragged his body. The 'mark of the blood on the floor, the guide also with ill-conceal ed chuckle points out. All this with the staring, gaping crowd of visitors, is apt to spoil the: inter est of 'the visit. Yet..you know' that Charles Ed ward the Pretender, as late , as 1745, held court here just before the fatal battle of Culloden, and. one cannot pass through these old halls and re call the, •names of Scotland's kings; who. lived here, who looked on these walls, and out of these' windows on Salisbury Crags,and Arthur's Seat— who passed in and out these "doers, up and down these stairs, except with=the profoundest, interet There are a thousand things to see in • Edin-, burgh, for the ” Auld Reekie " (reeking with. smoke) is full of historic and Tomantic interest., There is the hattle-field . of Preston Pans; in full view from the Calfow hill, and the fishing villa ges of Leith • and Newhaven, and the ,curiously dressed• fish-wives, and the ancient kingdom. of 'Fife just :over 'the water—andillte place where, Dumbie r Dikes' lived and Jeanie Deana' • home, and- 7 .-but.it . is idle to attempt ,the names, even of those real and imaginary characters,,w,he inAays gone - by peopled this city. • Then there is Rev. Di. l ,Wallhee; the pastor of the old Grey Friars' church, a man who , uses, a liturgy introduced by his predecessor, Dr. Lee, in the church where, Guthrie preached .before the Free , Ghurch was setup—where Dr.,Robert son, the' historian, preached for "yearsHand-Ers .br. • Wallace is a man of fine ability, somewhat, fre,e in some ,of his views, and, if: in. England and in.the Episcopal Church would be-, long to the Stanley school: •If he lives he will give . the Kirk of Scotland irouble,' In the . old Grey `eltUrch-yard are 'many deeply interesting monuments. Here are interred PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, AUGUST 26, 1869. Robertson, the historian, Allan Ramsey the poet, Tytler and many other men of note. An ex tremely interesting tomb is that of the martyrs with this inscription : " From May 27, 1661, that the most noble Marquis of Argyle suffered, to the 17th February 1688 that Mr. James Renwick suffered, were ex ecuted at Edinburgh about one hundred of noble men, gentlemen, ministers, and other noble mar tyrs for Jesus Christ; the most part of them lie here." A. very pleasant walk from the old church through what is called the Meadows, will bring one to the new cemetery—the Grange. Here lie the remains of Thomas Chalmers, and not far off tho of Hugh Xiller, whose fame is in all the Churches not only, but dear also to the lovers ,of.true science. One ,cannot, without pro found emotion, stand by the grave of Chalmers, ama,n who sowed the seeds of dis-.establishment, by Withdrawing voluntarily from the Established Church of Scotland—,seeds which are producing: their legitimate fruit in the already die-established Irish Church, soon to be, followed in Scotland by, the, complete separation of ; Church and State, andandat jko distant date by that , i qf Englatl., • Such seem to be the leadings of Providence and, the evident course, of events. , Not the least of our national advantages, wisely foreseen and planued by our fathers, is that in the. United States we, haver no National Church. " For what is re ligion worth?' as was, pertinently asked here the other: day, " that ,cannot exist without State pa-, tronage?" • , B. E. C.. REVI, A. X STEWART'§ LETTERS --XLI Treasure City, Nevada, August, 1869 POPULATION Twenty thousand people have within the past : year flocked to this far out-of-the way, exceedingly Tugged and, mountainous region, while neither, grain, vegetable, nor fruit is raised within many long miles. And such. a population 1 . The strang est certainly, and most remarkable conglomer ate of men since the fonndation of the world, and a subject of intenseat interest, to the statesman, the philosopher and the Christian. They are principally men ; and jostling against each other may be daily seen, the Ex-Governor, the Ex-Congressman, the Ex-Minister of Christ; scores of importeci taw,yers and Doctors, the Merchant, Banker, Manufacturer, Farmer a,nd Mechanic. Here are the erudite, the scientific, the historian, the tourist, reporter, gentleman of leisure, showman,, mountebank, idler, ,drunkard and, blackleg. Here, are representatives from every.nationality of Europe, as well as from each State in outuUnion with Ex-Federal and Con federate, officers a,nd soldiers = the, Asiatic, the African, the Mexican and the.lndian, Yea,,also i 'there have wandered hither ,the lady . of ° highest education, intelligence, refinement, and, goodness; the female drudge,;, the, common, the d,oubt4l, the vnlgar, the outcast, the, 4:ml4m:t i ed. • • It a community of mpre active, intelligence —intelligence often run mad-than any other. Of equal number on the globe,. . Many, by garb and manner, bespeak better days in,, the past., This, strangely mixed vuiltitude—the, best and the worst, the good, andlthehad, the doubtful and the. indifferent are, all here on. one errand; huddled together, and bent upon one, object, Stpy.F4l. All are eagerly grasping for money ; and, if perchance gotten, here tha i next morning light, from, the ; ma jority, all is gone, in drinking, gambling or even viler . wickedness. PHENOMENON.. No matter how rich ,the mines may be, or hew, much silver or gold may -be obtained therefrom, the very large majority of those who are stru-g -glibg in such places for the precious metal's, are poor. They haVe been,. and will continue to be, poor. The worstxilace in , the. world, save for a ,very few, and thosp, generally at a distance, to make money, is over " a ,riat SilVer mine ; and these mines in Treasure Mountain are, rich. The phil osophy of this intiyiEiCbe so easily gathered— yea the politic r al economy thereof might require , a Horace G-reeley, or studied volume fully to ,ex plain, and then perchance leave the whole subjeet muddled. _ ,!f • RASCALS "HOIYIES: ,;+•,, • _ Parton, iri'his "'life of Andrew Jackson," says of New Orleans, pre;;ious to the famous battle:: "The American reaidents were the' life and en terprise of the place; men of an adventurouiCiat of character'. inani,of whonk.bad left, their native States for reasons which they were - not accustom ed to mention in Polite companies: The rascals of all nations Were' largely represented. For fa 'gitives and adventUrers, it was the`, Texas, of 'a later day, and the San Francisco of the present." The historian penned this of Francisco, some time before the , Qverland Railroad was fin ished: Thikfamous emporium of the Pacific will now beg pardon of the chronicler of Jackson's deedi,' and assert th 4 her superabundance of ras cals bag 'disappeared. But what , has become of these rascals, despera does and reckless adventureii? " Gone to the mines ;""PartOn would Say. White Pine District now the excitement and centre, of all mining interests on the PaCUL° side. But when these mining interests subside, or the power of the Gospel bears sway,—where will the raseils and desperadoes go to find refuge r No additional New Orleans, Texas or San Fran-, cisco is to arise. Back in companies will these chall.eters go to'the older cities and staider set tlements. Than this, no more cogent reason could be urged for having the Gospel leaven ear nestly infused here now. : But be it remembered that I am the only Protestant minister now la boring among theee wonderful masses of human ity, within an area, making this the centre, of sx„ hundred miles diameter. The mention of this fact brings with it no feelings of pride or boast ing, but of inability and loneliness. " Pray ye, therefore, the Lord of the harvest, that - He would send forth more laborers." A. M. STEWART. WHAT CULTURE IS DEMANDED ? MR. EDITOR :---The'attiele headed, "What is Culture ?" contained in'your issue of July 22, I have read with deep interest. The clear writer and metaphysician who snbscribes himself, "On the Wing,"'has given expression to' a good, 'yet certainly, old-fashioned method of mental culture. Even the prejudiced` will concede'all that belengs to it,—that: it is an exeellent disciplinarian. Ett divides liberal' education into two processes, the education of the reason, and of the under standieg. Undoubtedly, ." pure mathematici the great disciplineof the 'human reason ;" but when;'regarding Greek and Latin' as a training for the undeiltanding, this writer 'intimates that this, his favorite — mettle(' of cultdre, is the one now-needed, the one of'greatest service to this enlightened half of the nineteenth century, I may he pardoned for opposite views, which Ibe lieve arc now well founded and authorized. If the study of languages be the hest mean . s'to eldthe the' understanding, '" why choo,se Greek and Zatn, yather than French and German?" One of the reasons offered, is, that these' two lan guages above others, are adapted to exercise. the judgment, But to secure this end, are we to in tereit the impulsive' mind- of youth in the My thology and superstition of a semi-barbario age ; to compel them to associate, being bound by intel lectual sympathy, with men who possessed the rhetorical tact of making the vices of the gods, such as'anger, unfairness, cruelty, shine With'the light of virtues; and whose object in view was not to instruct their minds, but to play- upon their feelings, and to stimulate their imagination? And that, - too, when by thus monopolizing their time, we render impossible to them ,a knowledge ofthe more valuable lingitages,:arid. literature of the highly Civilized modern. nations. While: in one.respeot, perhaps, the modern languages would not be, a; complete equivalent forthe classics, this deficiency will be lost it' the: irastcstores of infor mation and facts of 'progress which are the ob jects of moderns,, • and .which render L modern.literature greatly superior to the'writings of the best of imaginative 'barbarians. A few may have leisure - for such intellectual luxuries, as the. Classioscertainly-are. • But to the youth who ex pects to live bylhismita, we should not a offer a cultivated, judginent at so great a' price, when it can be' purchased• More Cheaply elsewhere. ; Another reason 'advanced for the preferment of Greek and 'Latin is, that "they two. embody thelworld's thought, in the period of youth, and opening manhood,' and therefore; come into cloiest sympathy with the youth' of ourischooli 'and eol leges.” Now for the reason that a person partially in structed in a science, speaks on it incomprehensi blY; we, never employ.tnitl . in embryotic imper fection for puposes of instruction, whether' in a particular science, or in , promiscuous, learning. Thus, .many subjects'of which the Ancientstwrote, and'Understood a little, are now not only increas: ed ifizreatness, but are reduced . -to maxims of simplicity, and I see' not' why the youthful mind should have forced. upon : it crude preparations of the " world's thought,'! when we have. at conve nience the plain-and. comprehensible deductions' of thought developed! and understood:. The' wiiter truly remark's that the •Latin is the bade of nearly one-half of our own language, and would:make the , knowledge of derivations a chief object of its study. Is 'the derivation' of a word necessaryin order to insure correct.usage, and teach us the distinguishing shades.of meaning in synony mous words? If not, we must not demand such a sacrifice of time to idle curiosity-. If so, there is another, more direct, ' more utilitarian way to gain this very end, viz.: : by the-extensive reading. of standard English 'writings. A French teacher of largest experience, advises us in the study, of his language, to do without a lexicon, and obtain correct notions of the use and meaning of words, through their varied use in different platies and authors. In our English, I have no doubt that the'student, makingthis an object of reading, can, by observation, gain -a truer! idea of the varied use of the same. and similar words, and frequent idiomatic =use, than by 'employing the best dic tionary . of the . language. , While thus engaged in reading, the student •does , not waste energy on uselesi 'romance, or sensational 'history, but; while. seeking for that which is worthy, he finds with it' what is' priceless. • We should not allow the 'desire of attainment, in . a single direction, or 'any other- consideration, but one of practical knowledge, :to 'influence in deciding the prOper investment to be made of the preparative' time.of life. On this subject Sid ney Smith says :—"lf you Occupy a man with one thing until he is twenty-fotir years of age, you haie exhausted all his leisure - . time. • He is called into the world and coinpelled 'to act; or he is surrounded' with pleasure/and thinks and reads • no More. If you have 'neglected. to put other things in him, 'they will never get in afterwards.; if you have fed him only. with words, he will re main a narrow and limited being to the end " h of his existence." From what has been said, the question, twice noticed by the writer, comes to_ink How is man best fitted for dealing with the world ? Certainly not by probing necessary truth in the exclusi ve cultivation of the reason; not by spending his precious seedtime in raking over dead languages for the derivation of words, which it is a known fact are well used by.men ignorant of Classics. We.are compelled to turn to the despised " Spirit of the Age" for a solution of this question. Without that spirit, the world with which we deal were a dead thing; with it,. it has a soul, and' will not accept of any " historical conscious ness" of worth in plaCe of that possession which makes us part of its life. - Would it not accord with the demands of the times, 'toallo l / 4 tir io the Andy of Olassics, as being an impoitant branch of learning, its due amount of time and : attention in every system of liberal educatidn,'and havihi a . goo'd foundation, to raise a "sneer-structure` of riv ing,progi•essive truth? IS. THERE A SARCASM INTENDED ?" Precisely thesame question arose in my mind when first I saw (in manuscript) the resolutions of the Old School Board of Domestic Missions, which you republished recently, with the above interrogatory. Wherefore it may, be worth while to tell what I happen to know about the matter. A few weeks since. the Rev. Mr. Jackson an earnest and efficient worker in the cause of domestic missions beyond the Missouri, in con nection with the Old ,School Board, happened to be, in ChiCago just at the time when the Presby teries of .both the Old and New School bodies were convened. He visited the latter, and de sired that a committee might be appointed to correspond with the Secretary of our Committee of Home Missions, and suggest the.desirableness of a large delegation pf, say, a hundred or more persons, taken out of both branches, who should make an excursion the, entire length of the Pacific road, With a view to exploration and to making a grand "demonitratt i on through that .re gion in the interest of the great work of evan gelization. Returning, the delegation should :disperse itself over the' leading cities of the East and of the intern); tell of what, their eyes had seen and their hearts felt of the spiritual wants of this grand region, and .under the impetus thus gained, attempt the raising among the churches of $500,000' for this object He thought the ,officers of that road would grant such an excur sion free passes.over it; bat • if not, that the joint treasuries of the two boards would he amply just,fiedpecuniarily or otherwise—in spending it need be 83 1 0,000 on the trip' ,If the idea obtained favor , with our Coimniittes its Secretary was to be, asked to enter into correspondence with Dr. Musgrave, of the Old School Beard, and in case it, was approved by them, then the excursion to be conjointly organized by the two Secretaries. The Presbytery appointed_ such kcommittee. I was told that Mr. Jackson visited the Old School Presbytery and made them a similar re quest, and that, it, in like manner, appointed a committee to write to 1)r. Musgrave, of the Old School Board r to the same effect. As it is to be presumed that this duty was performed, it is a lit- Lie singular that no reference is made in the reso lutions of that Board to this concurrent action. The Committee, of the New School body dis charged . the duty assianed it , -thee Secretary of the Committee of-Home Missions communicated the project to., him of the Old School, and the Board of Domestic Missions (0. S.) responded in the resolutions published by you in your issue of three weeks ago. These facts will perhaps assist you in answering ,your own question. If sar casm was intended,, it • will appear at whom it Must have been leielled. If there was merit in the scheme it' was unnecessary Ulodesty in our 0. S. Brethren to deprive their own Presbytery here'of its share 'of the honor due, and quite wrong to not so much, as allude to the fact that the whole thing originated• with its own zealous 'agent. When the !Presbytery of Chicago originates and sends forth a proposition to "raise 8600;000 for the purpase of establishing Presbyterian Churches. a in the West," she will probably be found ready to do ,her 'whole share in so noble an undertaking. NoRTHWEST. Chicago, August 12th, 1869. —Although missionaries residing in Japan, are unmolested, learn the ldnguage, translate the Scriptures, teach the natives by conversation and instruction in classes, and by preaching on the mission premises the truth of Christianity, and even baptize 'natives, Yet Japan is not yet open to .missiOntiries in the same sense in which China is; for in China, according to the terms of the• Tien-tsin treaty, missionaries may rent a lioitse i and reside in it, and teach the people and diStribitte the Scrilitures as they will. But the treaty signed by Great Britain - with Japan at Jeddo; AuguSt 26,'1858; takes no notice of mis sionaries or their ;labors. It accords to British spbActs the privilegnof residence at certain free ports for commercial -purposes, the free exercise of their religion, 'arid the erection of suitable Windings for that purpose. There is nothing in the treaty that refers to the protection of Japanese converts at present., ;By their country's laws they are liable to fine, imprisonment, exile, nay, even death itself. In China, on the contrary, no Chinese convert can be persecuted avowedly on the_ ground that 'he is a Christian. `The anti- Chrititian statutes of Japan:are not dead-letter, having been recently put in force against certain native Romanists. Their lives have been, in deed, spared on, the intercession of the European Consuls, but they have , been sent intnexile.— Church Missionary Gleaner. E. C. H
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers