• ronftituents can bs realized by thofc from remote d.f. !ii ' Short recesses are attended with great expence, and we a fuitablt^account of our coriduft in adjourning for so cannot g ,vc leaving [bmuch business unfinifhed : Gentlemen ft» rt ' "fl-' private concerns—T believe 110 member has made Illk ■ nroßortionable facrifice than I have ; but the public good 'Bre?8 re ? f .fly regarded; Our own affairs ought not to influence I'k'ne some plan of accommodation will take place. " S: Ames introduced the foregoing resolution in the following Mr. AM p re sident of the Senate and Speaker of the Xl If Reorefentatives, do adjourn the refpettive Houses of Con fon the 2"d September next, to meet on the firlt Monday °M CC that the time was too short ; it will ii it of the members who come fiom a distance, consulting ?•'!!!,ftituents, and so far the advantage of an adjournment ftl ft - Let us view the matter in another poult of light. * , 1,1, Vone forth refpefting the compensations—this will those alarms, for a very great expence, it will be laid, is Skftly incurred : If we fit two months longer, we shall so fa. 1., the public business, as to fupercede the neceflity of meet n mher ■ I think the adjournment ought to be to the fitfl jjg in lJece • ConUitution will warrant this : Mil- Monday in , a ' ccomm odation of all, ought to be made : ttlte time proposed the cold season will be advanced-ice and f .;ii nrrvfnt gentlemen at the eastward and northward from Jin* to business—hence that season will be a , ,Jj th „, r convenience ; but let us look to the members from SthwaVd-it ought ,0 beconfidered that their relaxed confti -i. he neatly exposed by the feverc cold of this northern Ce Wide. will then be.theirbufy season so, planting, &c. Soineco'iicellions ought to be made : The southern members would toner forfeit their feats in this house.than be obliged to come hci, nthe winter ■ This will operate to deprive the remote parts ol the Union of their representation : I move therefore that the tinv i ntended to the firft of March. Mr Giury wasoppofed to so fhoit an adjournment : He da ted the expence that would attend it, and made it 20000 dollars, , [am that would pay Congress for fifty days attendance : This he obfetved rendered it demonstrable that it is mod prudent so, Consrefs to cont.nue the session, and fimfh the business. If it is Afclut-lv necelfary for any particular gentleman to go .home, leave juv be granted I trust, said he, that there is no one that think: linfelf offo much consequence, that the government cannot pro. «d without him, or that Congress thinks so, ifthey should wher [,-ha member departs, the public business must Hand it.ll : knee has been had to out-door conversation. and we are caution rilo beware of exciting public clamor ; but, Sir, I trull that idea; of this kind are not to influence in the deliberations of this ilfem bk or deter us from deciding what we think is just and best Mr Kckson said, that he was furpnfed to hear a gantlemi autionine the houf- againll being influenced by popular clamor, ad the opinion of people without doors, elpecially as that gentle. m has within a fortnight pad, raised more bugbears from thai tarce than all the house besides. Mr. Gekry made some reply to Mr. Jackson, .vhich wai Ml heard diltinftly. , , , Mr. Boudinot said, that he supposed that the time betwe. r tiiund the adjournment will be fufficient to complete the organi sm of the judiciary and executive departments. The adjourn- will in the commoncouife of events, aliow the members from Georgia three or four weeks at home : A Oiort recess is abfolutelv atttlaty : A long one will be highly injurious. Mr. ViniNO recapitulated a number of articles, now pending before Congress, upon which it is presumed, said he, that it is nol ncctffary to°confult our condiments : We already know their sen timents: Th's business mull absolutely be attended to, and com plated previous to a recess : I am oppof.d to the motion for ad wming till March ; but on a conciliatory plan will move lor the firft of January. i Mr. Tucker said, I conccive that the business is taken up wioiie; the resolution proposed is entirely improper : It puts it in the power of theSp Aer, in cafe the senate concur, to adjourr the House on that day, let circumstances be what they may : Thu isunorecedeut d, and cannot be agreed to. Mr. [ackson called for the previous qutftion on Mr. Antes' motion—and on the question, Shall the main question now be put ? it passed fn the afßrinative. . The main question then being put, it also pa(l:d in the athima tive, by a majority. The amendment of the Senate to the Treasury Bill, was taken into consideration : And Mr. Madison of the committee ol conference made a verbal report,as mentioned in Saturday s Ikitch. Mr. Vininc moved, that the house ftiould now adhere to their ii&greemcnt to the amendmant of the senate. Mr.SHtRMAN, Mr. Page,and Mr. Gerry made a few ob fcrvations against the motion, which however was carried in the affirmative. The house then went into a committee of the whole on the ju diciary Bill—Mr. Boudinot in the chair. Mr. Blk son moved, that the word "Federal" in the pream blelhould be struck out, which was voted in the affirmative Mr. Li vermo re moved that the word " lour' betore judges be struck out and three inserted. Mr. Sedgwick, was in favour of the word four, the points to l»e discussed and fettled by the judges are of the firft magnitude. It is a most desirable object, said he, to have it determined by die most rcfpe&able authority, ahat is law. Mr. Jackson said that the number should be either increaie 0T diminished ; forwhenthey are equally divided, no decihon can fchad: He was therefore in favour of striking out the words Mr. Sedgwick adverted to the courts in Great Britain, where there were four judges, and where no difficulties had been expe rienced. Mr. Jackson said that we were not bound to follow the cu - l°m of the British courts, where it was liable to exception. 1 c question on striking out the words was loft. Mr. Livermore moved another amendment which was not le tonded. Mr. Burke moved that " chief justice" should be * is a concomitant of royalty, said he. It was oblerved by Mr. that thisis a provilion of the constitution; Mr. Burke Withdrew his, motion upon this information. Mi. Tucker moved to strike out the whole claufc, t.ividing l he United States into diftrifts for the purpose ot instituting inferi or federal courts. He said that the state courts aie fully compe tent to purposes for which these courts are to be created ; and that lh ey will be a burthenfome and useless expence : Seconded by Mr. Sumpter. Mr. Livermore said he was not in favour of striking out t ie *We clause ; he wiftied to have the United States divided into diftrifis, but he concurred in the other idea of the gentleman , e "■tied tor all the diftrifts, except Kentucky, to be ellaolilned tor ™ fake ofeftablithing a court of Admiralty in each ; authorized "ot only to take cognizance of all marine concerns, but alio o ™fcurfs. 'Mr. Tucker said he did not move to strike out the dillrifts '» prevent the eftablilhmcnt of admiralty courts ; he was in favour J l ' filch courts; but he presumed the Hates compose fuincient dil t'tts. The motion was negatived. . "wasthen moved, by Mr. Livermore to strike out the *wdi" one to be called Kentucky diftrift." He observed that Js tne matters would be chiefly of a marine nature that would come wider the Cognizance of these courts, Kentucky would, f™J"," s ™«'on, have nothing to do with such matters ; and to cftablilh lc courts there will be a needless expence. This wasnegative . Livermore moved that the Vrhole paragraph rc JP cttl "B "blifhing diftrift courts should be struck oiU. This eftablilh "Ediftrift courts, said he. to hold four feflions annually, will lc o d lo the necefiV.y of establishing a new system of jutifprudence for the United Slates ; it will be eftablifhin:* two diftin£t fyfiems of judicial proceedings; one mull. finally destroy the other. It is a prevailing opinion that law and courts are an abridgement of liberty; this is a sentiment with a great many, and it will not be wife to excite an increase of such ideas. Ido conceive these courts are unnecessary; we have courts already fully fufficient for all the purposes for which these courts are to be eftablifhtd ; and appeals maybe made to the supreme federal court. We (hall prcjudicc the people against the governm nt; we have imposed duties of impost, and are raising revenue upon them : now if in addition to this we create useless court*, with a new set of judges, ftieriffs or marlhalls, clerks, constables, See. will it not be con sidered as laying a heavy and unneflary additional burthen ? We must also erect a new set of goals; for we cannot put the criminals aud p:ifoners to be tried by these courts, into the county goals. The juries, judges, &c. &c. will be a great and useless expence ; and these courts will have a tendency to create universal uneasi ness among the people. Committe rose and reported progress. Mr. Stone aflccd leave of absence from Ift Sept. Granted. Mr. Sylvester asked leave of absence for three weeks. Granted. Adjourned. TUESDAY, AUGUST 25. The bill for establishing the salaries of the officers in the execu tive departments was read a second time, and referred to a com mi tee of the whole, to be taken upon Friday next. The report of the committee on the ele&ions of New-Jersey is made the order of the day for Monday next. In committee of the whole, Mr. Boudinot in the chair. The bill to provide for the fafe keeping of the a£ts, records and great seal of the United States, &c. was taken into confedera tion. This bill states that the department of u foreign affairs" shall be denominated the Department oe State, to which a variety of duties of a domestic nature are tobe annexed, and the principal officer therein to be denominated the Secretary of State. Considerable progress was made in the difcuflion : seve ral clauses were altered, and others struck out; but the time not admitting of its completion, the committee rose, and the chair man reported progress. A mefTage was received from the senate by Mr. Secretary Otis, informing the honourable house, that they concurred in the resolution for fixing the time of adjournment. Also that the senate had receded from that part of their amendment to the trea furv bills to which the house had disagreed. Adjourned. LATEST EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE. LONDON, MAY 5, 1789. CHINA TRADE. In a Foreign Journal just published, it appears, the number of ships arrived in the road of Wampo, near China, laftyear, amount to iixty-five, viz. Fifty-one Engiifh, five D itch, three French, two Swedish, two Americans, one Pruflian* and one Italian.— Twelve European ships arrived at Macao, viz. Five Engiifh, four Portuguese, two French, and one Austrian. In 1 756, the trade of China employed only 15 ships in all, viz. Six Dutch, five Engiifh, one French, one Dane, one Swede, and one Pi uflian. The Chinese profit by this cncreafevery well; but the Europeans will probably be ruined by it —as they are obliged to buy wilh ready specie. Tea, which then fold for talcs the pecul, now fells for 36 talcs ; and the Engiifh have contributed to lay this burthen upon the other Europeans ; for not being provided with money fuffici ent to cariy their trade on, they have bought on credit, and giv en bills to the Chinese on the Eafl-India Company.—The Chi nese, eager for money, charge the bills at 15 and 16 per cent, loss to make upfor which they raise the price of all their merchan dize proportionably, and thus recover what they appear to have loft. June 10. On the 12th of May, Marshal Laudohn appeared at the head of the Imperial army, in Croatia. Next he sent a letter to the Turkish Pachas and Command ants, proposing a milder treatment of prisoners on both fides, and efpccially that the Auilrian prisoners should not be mutilated, as he must make use of reprisals.—But the Turks will not pay any re gard to his proposals. A letter from Ancona mentions, that the Ruffian fleet has de stroyed the firft division of the Turkish fleet, near the port of Warna. Dispatches are received from Sir Robert Ainflie, his Majesty's AmbafTador at Conftantinople,which confirm the accounts that the Sublime Porte, under the new Sultan, is preparing to prosecute the war Ruflia and her ally with the utmost vigor ; but that they are endeavoring to cultivate the best understanding with all the other christian powers. June 15. The Duke of Normandy, has been declared Dau phin by the King of France. .The Court of Denmprk has received the answer of the Empress of Ruflia, in refpeft to the mediation of our Court, and that of Pruffi.T, to prevent the Danes from acting hoftilely towards Swe den. The answer is said to be, " that her Majesty considers Den mark to be bound by every principle of honor, to support its trea ty with Ruflia, that she has full right to rely on its being fulfilled with alacrity, and that Denmark should furnifh the assistance a greed upon between the two powers, particularly the succoUrs by sea, as no just reason had,or could be aflignad for a breach of faith and promise." , _ , June 18. Tuesday the Marquis de la Luzerne, ambaiiador from the court of Francc, delivered to the duke of Leeds copies of letters written by his molt Christian majesty to the Britiih court, on the death of the Dauphin. The mourning in France is to last only ten weeks; consequently it will be but of lhort du ration here. CHALESTON, AUGUST 10. Late accounts from Cuba inform, that the port of Havanna is o pen for the importation of slaves in the vessels ot all nations, and that the ports of Principe and St. Jago were also to be open for the fame purpose in a few days, under certain reftriftions, the purport of which were daily expetted to be announced by a pro clamation at the Havanna. This step is taken to encourage two merchants of Liverpool, who have promised to give Spain a mo nopoly of the slave trade, if Great-Britain throws it up. To our knowledge of Amcnca, a large and valuable add,t,on may soon be expected, for several of the inhabitants of Canada had the spirit, about two years since, to fend at their dwn expence, different persons to traverse that vast continent, from the welt ward to the opposite shore. PHILADELPHIA, AUGUST 20. Extract of a letter from a member of CongreJ.i to his friend tn this city, dated Au\? a/? 17'. . 44 In accepting feats here, it was a reasonable expectation that so much free- will would have been left as that without being ques tioned, reviled Ad threatened, we might in a dollar matter at lead have determined on our own judgment. Any proof to Miliary will serve to cor, eft our notions as to the refpeft and honor supposed to be annxed to them. I believe sincerely that Congress have been directed by other motives than a care of their own in terest or difi egard of the public money in the late determination refpe&ing salaries and wages. r . •• . make a « Hiffh emoluments do not in themselves, it is true make government icfpeftable ; but their tendency is certainly to bring f A m mf-n into it The competition for places is always in an mverfe ratT<T of lu benefits, contrary to the hypothesis of feme potoSans. Be the worth of an office £\iooo a yea, the cand.da.es will be few and refpe&able—let the fame at £. 100 the applicants will be as ten to one ; and perhaps as mean as numerous. It is* a consciousness of pretensions, not com nr n to many, t!;at gencralJy incites to high claims. This principle. I suppose, was kept in view, but after all what has been don under it ? I believe no cal culation will juftify an opin<on that any man s fortune wjil Be made—let us try —after the firftytnr it will be impofTi ie to em ploy more than 60 or 70 days in the public business the amount ior a representative then will be 70 days at 6 dollars 420 The average milage 140 560-f. 210 out of which he may with economy Tave £. 110 tc> comp'-nfoie, if a profcflional man, the loss of patients or clients rifqu<_d by the chasm in his business—or if a merchant the greater risque of loss in crazing his brain with politic*—or if a man merely of fortune, to make up those deficiencies which always tollow even transient negle£ts of his affairs. When prudence and not cnthufiafrrl shall govern, as it generally will do—to stay at home or leave it, will be a question of less difficult debate, than it has been during the prefenL year. As to the Speaker it is supposed he is to keep a publick table. The clerk mull have indufiry, profemon.nl skill and ability, and must give the whole year to his business, in and out of session—He ought to be as refpe&able as any piachfing at torney whatever, and with such qualities to goto market, he might perhaps make a better bargain with the world at large. The door-keeper is, out of his thfee dollars, to pay a herd of fatelhtes with brooms, brushes and wheelbarrows, and so on. " I believe my friend the objea is not obtained even by this extravagant vote and that after a mort time Congress may be hUed by single men andunfuccefsful profefTors in every branch of business —those to whom as I said before a trifle abroad will be better than nothing at hom , and to whom indeed any spot is equally a home. Now that Congress have entered on the fubjeft cf amendments to the eonftitution, fays correspondent, and as the avowed pur poses of am ndirig it are Hill further to secure the rights of the people, and to r move the fears of thole who are diflatisn-d with it in its prefect form, one important amendment which has not yet been suggested might be made—lnftead of leaving it in ..he power of Congress to fix their own wages, let the constitution do it for them. Let them be allowed a reafoanble compcnfation for their services ; but fuffer them not to riot on the ruins of their country, or to draw from the treasury enormous sums, such as are inconsistent with republican economy —inconsistent with republi can liberty—and such as arc glaringly inconsistent with the honor and juflice of the United States, while,the services of her citizens, in the late war, are fuffered to go unrewarded, while her foreigfi and domcflic creditors are not even paid the interest of that money which they generously lent her in the hour of distress. If none of these reasons are fufficient to come in competition with the Epicurean entertainments of gentlemen in Congress let them that povefty which pervades every part of their country. NEW YORK, AUGUST 26. FROM CORRESPONDENTS. It is a inoft excellent observation of an Hon. Gentleman, that certain abuses are more likely to take place under the State governments, than under the general government. —This remark is founded 011 fadts and an intimate acquaintance with human nature—lt is to be regretted there fore, that there are not more redactions imposed upon the individual governments by the consti tution to secure the equal rights of the people. Is it not astonishing that the only idea of abuse of power which some persons feemto apprehend, is from the general government ? And therefore, to use the expreflion of another Hon. Gentleman, " the Talons of the Eagle must be pared,' when in retracing a few pages of very modem history, we find that individual States have been guilty of flretches of power and arts of oppi eflion, which lhould the general government be so abandoned and infatuated as to commit, would immediately produce another revolution. A correspondent who heard he debates of the national repre fentativesjvefterday,on the fuhjefl of the final authentication of bills, perceived that adivcrfity of opinions prevailed on that point. It ft undoubtedly of importance that this should be performed wit h solemnity, and attended with certainty. To combine both thefs obiefts, what better expedient can be luggeßed, than for the Presi dent to attend about the close of each feflion, in the presence of both houfes,and recognize his (ignature and approbation ? Tor this purpose the heads of theafls could be recited by the secretary or clerk, and the President couldin thisfolemn manner, acknowledge his allent. This would give a dignity to the laws, and contribute to impreTs the public mind with veneration and refpeft for legi slative proceedings. , c The prosperity of a government depends very much on the fi delity and exertions of executive officers. It has been found nc ceflary in all governments to make such liberal provision as to ex cite a degree of competition. This brings forward the ablest can didates, and begets a watchfulriefs over the conduct of the officers in the various departments. We are informed that a meeting was lately held in Philadelphia, of the principal schoolmas ters and inftruiftors of youth; to deliberate ana fix upon some uniform method of teaching our vernacular language —a sub-committee was ap pointed to determine upon some grammar extant, or to prepare and report a system for general use : This committee we are further informed, report ed in favor of adopting Mr. Webster's. The collector of Bolton diftrirt has ordered, that none but American paper be ufedin the Cus tom-House of that place. N. B. Mr. Madj»on'« observations in committee of the whole, un der the 16th. amendment, were made after the motion to insert the word " expressly" as moved by Mr. Gtrr vin the house. The insertion of that word was the quejlion agitated in the Convention of Virginia, to which Mr. Madison referred : See No. 38. #3" The F.ffavson coins, weights, and measures for the United States which have appeared in this paper, were taken from the Pennsyl vania Mercury, publi/hed by Mr. D. Humphreys. ARRIVALS. NEW-YORK. Saturday Schooner Adonis, Durham, St. Vincents. Sloop Polly, Bartlet, Wilmington, Sunday Brig Betsy, Colley, Boston. Monday Brig Betty, Mitchell, Halifax. Sloop Commerce, Muslin, Quebec. Schooner Catherine, Willfon, Sloop Experiment, Whitney, St. Martin s. Tucfdav, Snow St. Nicholas, Melida, Bilboa. Brig Recovery, Macey, Dunkirk. Schooner Eagle, Jackways, Shelburne.
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