Old Christmas
Customs
There is no festival so widely cele-
as that
there one
is
di-
observances.
brated of Christmas; nor
which shows a greater
versity of customs and
Jach country has traditions which are
with the thougn
many of them have died out, yet some
connected day, and
still remain firmly imbedded in the
life of the people.
It is not to English-speaking people
alone that we look for an observance
of Ct as All over Europe it is
the ¢ iren’s feast, and even in lands
where winter, with its frosts and
snows, its unknown, homes are decked
with evergreens, merry songs are sung,
and gifts are bestowed upon friends.
Wherever men and women go, or in
what strange lands thep settle, they
always retain some of the ways of
their old home, and it is to this fact
that we owe some of the Christmas
customs which give us so much de-
light.
The Christmas tree, bright with
lights and laden with gifts, has in this
way come down to us from Germany,
where every child looks with pleasure
for the coming of the “Christ-ch.ld.”
So, too, the holly—which English
homes have been decorated with for
ecenturies—is, with its red and green,
almost universally accepted as the
happiest emblem of Yule-tide.
Wherever our thoughts may travel
at this gracious season, they should
earry with them cheerfulness and
hope and benevolence and good will,
and these are emphatically expressed
in this
the glow
warmth
brightly he darkest and coldest
days of the year, and of life—this is
the lesson of the holly.
The burning of the Yule has
come down from the Goths and Saxons
favorite evergreen. Joy
of
the
and
heart-
more
of
that
in t
giving,
telling
burns all
log
the name being derived, it is popularly
supposed, the solstice
called “Jul” or “Yule”.
The Yule log was burned on Christ-
mas eve, amid laughter and play, and
the event has
old English poetry.
from festival
often been sung of in
It was customary
to lay a part of the half-burned wood,
keeping it safely the following
Christmas, when it served to light the
until
new log. At the same time, the preser-
vation of the wood was believed to be
a sure protection against danger to the
dwelling by fire.
Everybody who read Dickens
will remember the little boy who was
has
frightened away by Scrooge as he sang
throughout the keyhole of the door:
‘God rest you, merry gentlemen,
Let nothing you dismay.”
The boy was a representative of the
raits of the
about on Christmas eve, as well as on
Christmas singing their
merry songs or carols. The custom is
olden time, who went
morning,
still in vogue in some parts of England,
and any one who has ever heard the
waits will regret that the old fashion
does not come into general use.
The way was for the choristers of
a church to through the
Christmas eve, stop opposite the doors
of houses and sing. They always re-
ceived gifts, and they expended any
money they got in a
merry-making Twelfth
village on
which social
on Day, two
weeks afterward.
The airs to which their carols were
sung were no less plaintive and me-
lodious than the words and the voices
were often accompanied by instru-
ments.
From time immemorial the singing
of Christmas carols was universally
prevalent, not only in England, but in
France, Italy and other countries of
Europe.
sung in thousands of homes, while in
churches the of
children can be heard piping sweetly
those old hymns, “Oh, all
faithful!” “Hark! herald
angels sing.”
Children all over the world are firm
In our country, too, carols are
voices
everywhere
come
the
ye
and
believers in Santa Claus, although they
have different names for him, and are
not all agreed te to where his home is
and how he travels.
In Holland, childr
their stockings by the
the en hang up
tiled chimney-
piece, and then go to bed fee ling quite
that Nicholas will
and leave something,
they do not disturb him in his visit.
sure Saint come
them provided
In eBlgium, the children fill their
shoes with beans and carrots on
Christmas eve and set them in the
chimney-place for the good saint's
horse. In the morning they expect to
find them filled with sweetmeats and
es
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fruit, in return for their kindness.
Bohemian children listen anxiously
on Christmas eve for the sount of the
chariot and white horses of the “Christ
child,” as he flies
presents.
through the air with
Italian children go with their par-
ents to the church to see the picture
of the Bambino, or infant Christ, who
is to bring them their gifts.
In France, children put their shoes
in a convenient place, for the gifts to
be dropped into. Sometimes, if the
shoe of a abd boy is among them, he
will find a whip in his in the morning
German children lie awake® on
Christmas eve for the coming of the
“Chrost-Child” and the “Knecht Ru
pert.” The latter person questions
naughty children and threatens them
with punishment, till the “Christ-
Child” intercedes, saves the culprit
and wins its pardon. Ten these two
Christmas visitors lay down their bur-
den of gifts and depart.
Some Revolutionary Heroes
Washington and Lafayette are
names ‘familiar in our mouths as
household words,” but there were
many other brave men in Revolution-
ary times whose names and services
we cannot recall except by searching
Some of them
the of history.
died with their faces to the foe in the
pages
flush of victory, while others lived to
planted their midst,
achieving the tri-
But
freedom in
the republic
See
and
umphs of
they all deserved well of post rity, and
it. is at time to look back
upon their history and learn a lesson
peace and progress.
good any
from their patriotism and self-sacrifice.
With them we should remember the
alies who came to us from over the
sea, who shared uncomplainingly our
many privations, and who asked nei-
ther honor nor reward for the labor
which they performed 0 ungrudgingly.
Jaron Steuben, a Prussian nobleman
was a soldier when only fourteen years
and served under Frederick the
Great. He to this country in
1777 and joined the army under Wash-
He was made
of age
came
ington at Valley Forge.
a major general, fought in the battle
of Monmouth, distinguished himself at
Yorktown, and, in company with
Lafayette and Wayne, chased Corn-
wallis down the Virginia peninsui.
New Jersey and New York gave him
lands, and the National Government
an annuitp of $2500. He withdrew
from society, built a log house on his
domain and lived there until his death
in 1794.
Baron De Kaib, a native of Alsace,
rose to the rank of brigadier general
in the French He came with
Lafayette to this country in 1777, and
general by the
army.
was appointed major
Continental Congress. He served
under Washington, and in 1780
gent to the relief of Lincoln at Charl
ton. but arrived too late. After that,
in the South, but
was
es-
he was commander
eded by General Gates,
in
was soon succe
and became that officer’s
command. In the battle at Sanders’
Creek, near Camden, S. C., he fell,
pierced with eleven wounds, and died
second
three days afterward.
General Lebegue Duportail came to
this country from France in 1777 and
was first appointed brigadier general
and next major general in the Conti-
nental He was directing engi
neering at the siege of Yorktown in
1781, and traces of his work there are
still visible. ie returned to France
and was made Minister of War, but
soon resigned and re-entered the army.
In 1892 he that the Ja-
cobins had him, and
sought safety in America. He died at
army.
warned
upon
was
designs
gea in 1802, when returning to France. |
Count Alex Fernsen, a Swede, came
to this country on the staff of Rocham-
beau, fought under Lafayette, and re-
ceived from Washington the Order of
the Society of the Cincinnati.
He returned to France, became a
favorite at Court, and was the dis-
guised coachman in the fight of the
royal family from Versailles. Then
his native country,
Grand Mrashal of
he back to
and
Sweden.
went
was made
He was suspected of being privy to
death Prince Christian of
Sweden and on June 20, 1810, while
marshaling the funeral procession in
was seized by a mob and
the of
Stockholm,
tortured to death.
Marquis de la Rouraic (Charles T.
Armand) fought a duel when an officer
i nthe French army, and, fearing pun-
ishment, fled to America.
In 1777 he entered the continental
army as volunteer, and received the
Hn TE STEN RADA
& DEERY
Bell,” Walnut 4661
A il
immo
| justed to suit the wearer.
colors.
commission of colonel. He was ac-
tive and daring, and in 1783 his serv-
ices were recognized by his appoint
ment as brigadier general.
to took part
in the Revolution, espousing the cause
Vendee and Brit-
Returning France he
of the royalists of La
tany. The execution of Louis XVI so
shocked his nervous system that he
sank under it and died.
Duke de Lauzun was another
Frenchman who came to America with
He was placed in com-
known “Lauzun’s
he took part
the siege of Yorktown.
When he
took his seat as a deputy in the States
Rochambeau.
mand of a force as
Legion,” with which in
returned to France, he
General, and successively commanded
the Army of the Rhine and the Army
of the of Rochelle. He
faithful to the Revolutionary leaders,
but when he persisted in asking to be
Coasts was
allowed to resign his commission they
sent him to the guillotine.
No mention of these
would be complete without
of Count de Rochambeau, who had en-
brave men
speaking
tered the French Army at the age of
sixteen years, and was distinguished
in several battles.
He brought America a
force, and the French King made him
He joined the
to military
a lieutneant general.
American army under Washington, led
his soldiers to Virginia and assisted in
the capture of Cornwallis at York-
town
When he returned to France he was
made a marshal, and in 1792
placed in command of the army of the
North.
lotine when the Jacobians wielded su-
Paris. Bonaparte,
was
He narrowly escaped the guil-
preme in
when First Consul gave him a pension
and the Cross of Grand Officer of the
He died in 1807.
The Charm of the
Personal Git
power
Legion of Honor.
The enduring charm and sincere ap-
preciation of the recipient makes the
bestowal of the personal gift well
worth the time, patience and skill that
have been lavisked upon it.
The donor may be sure that it
Yuletide which
holiday souvenir could possibly
Moreover, it indicates that the
did not and
round up “last-minute” gifts, choosing
car-
ries a message no
other
bring.
giver rush out madly
anything available when the deadline
of Christmas Eve was approaching.
That, in itself, is an infinitelp cheer-
ing thought when so much commercial
hubbub enters into our holiday shop-
year
frazzled as
ping quest every and leaves us
quite as a picked-over
Christmas bargain counter.
Where there is
ate gifts may "oe made, but with only
ample time, elabor-
two weeks ahead, articles should be
chosen that do not require hours of
tedious work.
One of the dainty- alluring things
that many women are making at home
are kerchiefs of colored linen, various-
ly hand-embroidered in delicate posies,
hemstitched and
through wit hcontrasting
linen thread.
twelve
frequently run
threads of
The colorful requisites
inches square, the
rolled then held by
stitches of black thread.
Threads are drawn to
are edges
and colored
suggest nar-
hem-
stitched wit ha contrasting thread or
An at-
tractive kerchief recently made
orange-colored having two
lines of black and turquois blue in the
centre, two and a half inches from the
hem.
On a linen
looking like seed
added to two corners in delicate tones
of old pink, buff, orchid and blue with
minute green foliage.
row or wide borders and then
one is run through the weave.
was
an linen
Cecil blue tiny flower-
ettes, pearls, were
The designing of these dainty things
is fascinating and new schemes con-
Both bril-
liant and pasted shades are admired.
of lace with
or lace shoulder straps are easily made
stantly suggest themselves.
Camisole tops ribbon
and a gift that always finds a welcome
for no one can have too many attrac-
tive camisoles. Two-toned ribbon is
preferred to plain or figured, though in
very delicate tones the latter are eff-
fectivt where the quality of the ribbon
is unquestionable and there is a wee
cord on the edge.
Long ribbon girdles deeply. fringed
and beaded make stunning gifts to
wear where the one-piece dresses that
hang free from the shoulder in
desirable width ribbon, either plain or
figured. The may consist of
two or more of silk thread
drawn through small eylet holes and
simply knotted or given any fancy
treatment desired.
A serviceable girdle that may be
worn with a number of gowns was a
black satin, five inches wide, having a
deep fringe of nine inches, consisting
of jade green, yellow, black and red
silk. The length of the girdle depends
upon the manner of wearing it. Some
are simply tied once and ailowed to
hang on the hips at the side. Others
hace one loop, still others are fash-
joned in bows, the loops and ends ad-
Roman col-
ors are used for black, white and all
any
fringe
colors
blue serve for girdles of any desired
width. Narrow widths have fancy
handmade pendant ornaments show-
ing a variety of colors. Others
treated to dainty designs in cut steel
and beads, besides gold and sil-
ver, following a stencil pattern.
bouquets fashioned
are
jet
Colonia exclu-
sively of ipns or sewing requisites are
the fetching little gifts that
may be made at home, It was in-
genious thought to fill each flower with
a different article, group them snugly
together and then surround the whole
with a fancy paper doily in a lace pat-
among
an
tern.
Odd bits of lace, net and
ered organdie are fashioned into stun-
ning neckware designs. All sorts of
laces are combined, though a certain
feeling for a harmonious effect should
White,
cream and ecru tints are used for both
laces and fine nets. Point d’esprit has
returned and combines well with many
meshes. Quite the easiest collar to
make is the long straight piece with
ends. Vestees require a
smaller collar. Filet, Valenciennes,
Mechlin, Guipure, oriental, Bebe Irish
embroid-
be maintained when possible.
doagonal
and Chantilly are incorated in the
latest designs. All over patterns of
laces and nets are utilized; so also
are very fine embroidered motifs of
organdie and also batiste.
Where a thought given to the
boudoir dainty cushion tops and doil-
is
jes are fashioned in a crazy quilt pat-
tern besides adorable boudoir pillows.
cascad-
the
of
Chaise lounge draperies with
are made after
same manner . The assembling
oddly shaped pieces, motif and lengths
requires quite a bit of planning and
long
ing lace ruffles
assuredly musi be undertaken a
time before Christmas.
Boudoir caps are made of lace and
net i nshort lengths Cream and parch-
ment are more becoming than
pure white. Colored nets and lace fol-
lowing the vogue for inted effects, ap-
in many of the latest models
from Paris. Any of the reliable tint-
ing powders may be used for color, but
tints
pear
the richest shades of deep cream, ecru
and parchment are obtained by dip-
ping the lace in strained tea or coffee.
The depth of the tint depends on the
strength of the liquid bath.
Georgette combined with Valencien-
and fiilet in
fitting models with circular ornaments
of lace
This design simulates the dutch treat-
nes are shown close-
edging resembling rosettes.
ment.
The Oldest of
all Republics
There can be no question that the
United States is the greatest as well
as the largest republic on earth, but
it is by no means the oldest. That
honor undoubtedly belongs to the
Swiss Confederation, the citizens of
which had a fete years ago in celebra-
its six hundredth annivers
tion of
Situated in the center of Europe,
by
sur-
for centuries monarchies
little republic
rounded
and depotisms, this is
an object of peculiar interests, especi-
ally to us.
The whole area of the twenty-two
Swi antons is less than a third of
that of the State of New York, and
their population is a little more than
half. Put their history contains some
of the the
struggle for human freedom, and they
most stirring episodes in
have been the theatre of experiments
the
more varied and striking than those
the development
in science of government even
which have marked
of the United States.
We are obliged to go back more than
six hundred years to trace the founda-
The
cantons
league of
of Uni,
tion of this republic.
the forest
Schwyz and Unterwalden probably
to the of
their existence as organized communi-
three
goes back very beginning
ties, and was framed long before the
art of the penman was available for
the record of such an alliance. It was
formallp committed to writing in 1291,
and in it must be sought the germ of
the Swiss federal which is
of comparatively recent origin.
The Everlasting it
'alled, had its beginning among simple
fed their cattle
raised their crops on the slopes and
compact,
League, is
as
reasants, who anda
valleys of a mountain-girdled land.
No cities were known in that region,
and the which governed
community were made by a general
assembly of the people. The primitive
Swiss canton governed itself like a
New England town, but its jurisdiction
was soyereign. It's popular assembly,
which met in the open air, made treat-
ies, formed alliances and declared war,
laws each
in addition to regulating matters of
merely domestic concern.
Both the town meeting and the
Swiss assembly are a common inheri-
tance of teutoric freedom, with the
coive of the chief left out.
In time the original mountain league
was joined by free cities like Luzern,
Zurich and Bern, and by 1353 the
league of the eight cantons found its
place in the State system of Europe.
It took one hundred and fifty years
to expand this into the confederation
of the thirteen cantons, and this num-
Where a more elaborate gift is de-
sired, an embroidered or beaded mo-
tif may appear in the centre or at the |
side of the girdle and motifs may be
placed on the girdle ends. Flat flow- |
ers of taffeta and chiffin of Pompadour |
coloring are charming for most any |
color of white to wear with evening
gowns.
Chenile, silk and beads are also uti-
lized in artistic desigms. Velvet rib- |
bon in brilliant shades of cerise, jade
ber remained unchanged until 1798,
whe nthe Helvetic Republic came into
being under the impulse of the French
Revolution.
In 1803 a new confederation, com-
posed of nineteen cantons, was organ-
ized under the auspices of Napoleon,
which was again expanded under the
European settlement of 1815 into the
confederation of twenty-two cantons,
which then, for the first time, became
formallp known as Switzerland, and
posite Swiss nation which we know to-
day.
From the union of the three forest
cantons to the confederation of thir-
teen independent and sovereign com-
munities the Swiss league remained
pure German. In course of time indi-
vidual cantons like Bern made con-
quests, and so did the confederation
itself. But down to the formation of
the Helvetic Republic the territories
acquired by contest did not rise above
the rank of being confederates, allies
or subjects of their German matsers.
The artificial union of people speak-
but bearing a
and organized on a
footing of absolute political equality,
is therefore somewhat younger than
that of our thirteen original States.
It must not be supposed that the
Swiss Republic furnished the mode:
for our States, though it was not with-
out effect on our institutions. On
the contrary, our constitution and
laws, formed a basis for the present
Swiss constitution, and the resemb-
lance is easily traced.
The Federal Assembly
modeled after the pattern of Congress,
that the
powers which are not also given to the
The executive power of
the Swiss Republicv is confided to a
Federal Council, of which the so-called
president and vice-president of the
republic are merely chairman and vice-
chairman. The seven members of
the Federal Council are elected by the
Federal Assembly for three years, but
the president and vice president are
elected for one year, and are not re-
eligible for election till another year
has expired.
The of the
cil can sit and speak in either house of
the Federal Assembly, so that the ex-
ecutive and legislative branches of the
ing three languages,
common name,
its
Swiss is
except Senate possesses no
lower house.
members Federal Coun-
covernment are in constant intercour-
course with each other.
But the Swiss are excessively con-
and resent innovation
in the
The men
servative
that least trammel their
freedom. f Uri and Unter-
walden still assemble in the open air,
without the intervention of any parlia-
any
may
mentary machinery, to make laws and
appoint public officers, as they did six
hundred years ago. It
to find, the world over, an unbroken
precedent well worth
would be hard
of freedom so
celebrating.
Front Wheel Drive
Prevents Skidding
The
sends a report of a motor car improve-
American Consul at Sydney
ment which makes possible the driv-
ing of the car from the front instead
of the rear wheels, invented by G. 1.
Hoskins, of Sydney, Australia. Mr.
Hoskins claims that this invention is a
positive success and prevents skidding,
A test over 16,000 miles of rough road
has been made, it is claimed, with no
signs A number of patents
taken out. The front
pivoted in the center,
wihch enables the steering of the
iwth much
rear-wheel-drive machine.
of wear,
have been
wheels are
car
than in the
The device
is now attached to an old worn British
car which, prior to the attachment of
the device, weighed 32 hundredweight,
with a miles an
of 38
traveling miles
greater ease
speed hour,
15 gallon of
After alteration and applica-
on one
gasoline.
tion of the front drive, the car weighs
35 hundredweight, has a speed of 1b
miles an hour and will go 17 miles on
a single gallon of gasoline.
To Mule for the Man
Yes, it is hard, isn't it, to put the
personal touch into a gift for the
special man on your list? So often
handwork is worse than wasted orn
the man’s gift, But there are some
very welcome things that almost any
man would like to have.
What
handkerchiefs,
about a
hemstitched by hand
and initials or monogram added in the
corner in some unique way. If vou
copy his signature and if it
can be
ive, this
lined
penciled on nd
Or the die from
stationery can be borrowed as a
out-
in color. his
pat-
tern for a monogram. The small Japa-
nese letters in blue go well on men’s |
handkerchiefs.
The Crocheted Tie
the
ties,
If
question
you are quite sure man in
wears crocheted make
him one in some somber color that he
will be sure to wear, eve nthough he
it. You can now
get the artificial or fibre silk for ties,
which the considerably.
3e sure to make them double and wide
enough to form a large knot.
A set of trays, a
doesénot rave over
reduces cost
large one for
brushes, and a smaller one for pins and
collar buttons, can be
carefully framing old prints, bits of
dark tapestry or Oriental embroidery,
and backing the mwith green baize for
the man’s bureau or chiffnier.
The man who has a library will like
some book-plate labels for his books,
It does not take an artist to make
these labels. His monogram ca nbe
copied from his stationery and trans-
ferred to linoleum-covered wood-
block, the background cut away and
the linoleum figures used as a stamp
for pressin gon rough-edged paper in
colored inks. Better yet is the sten-
cil and blueprint method. Cut from
stencil paper some very simple design,
the lamp of knowledge, an open beok
with candle, etc., and print the labels
by the photographic method on blue-
ete., made
DY
a
print or sepia paper.
Best of all, hardly any man could
green, turquois blue, red and sapphire took their place in Europe as the com-resist a round decorated tin box to be
half dozen fine linen |
is distinct- |
Greens for Xmas Day
Not until we hang our wreaths and
arrange our sprays of scarlet berries
with their wonderful lustrous green
leaves do into the true
Christmas spirit. There seems to be
indeed the psychological moment when
our Christmas enthusiasm reaches the
high tide mark.
In this day of ever increasing apart-
ments and fast waning roomy houses,
alas and alack, we have less and less
roo mfor the huge Christmas trees
with their twinkling candles and
strings popcorn. So content
ourselves with wreaths and sprays of
green. Some Christmas would
not be merry without these messengers
of good will to men.
The kind of wreath we select from
the myriads the florists offer us is,
after all, a matter of taste. Holly is
we enter
of we
way
the most popular. Its foliage is so
dark and glossy and its berries so
scarlet, and it seems to lend itself so
well to wreath-making.
The Best Holly
The best holly to us
Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey and
Delaware. The men who gather it
each year and ship it to the city cut
only terminal branches, that the
trees are never actually destroyed.
Indeed, they seem the better for this
annual pruning. If you go through
the woods two months after Christ-
mas you would never know that the
trees had been disturbed.
The ground pine wreaths, with their
little bunches of dull brown cones,
graceful and fragrant, seem to bring
us a special message from the woods.
It is no wonder they are popular.
Small hemlock, also spruce, branch
es make most attractive wreaths. The
beauty of evergreen is assentuated by
the contrasting scrlet of
bon bow. If you are decorating an
empire wreath alw place the bow
at the or index portion of the
wreath. If your wreath be a perfectly
circular one, then tie
place. It really’ makes no difference.
Red immortelles brilliant
wreaths, but some way we cannot for-
comes from
SO
ahuge rib-
base
your bow any
make
gtt that they are dried tlowers, so we
never quite enjoy them as we do the
evergreens, although they are more
durable. Should they fade, all that i,
| necessary to prolong their usefulness
is to dye them in some red dye and
then they will forth
bright as ever.
Color Combination
Don’t ever be guilty of using a ved
and white ribbon with an all scarlet
wreath. The color comwmation is 'h-
sipid. A dark green bow and a few
springs of holly or other green is al-
ways the best decoration for such a
wreath.
come just as
A novelty among florists’ produec-
| tions of recent years is a wreath of
states, which is a dried flower resem-
The most that can be
said for them i sthat they are unique,
bling heather.
for surely they are never graceful, nor
cheerful or being
sombre grey in tone.
are they joyous,
Loose branches of holly, tied with
scarlet ribbon, makes a decoration ad
mired by many in preference to the
of
clusters are less expensive.
Now for the interior decoration of
our living Naturally, when
possible, the tree makes the nucleus
| of our decoration, but of this
| tery urns are always attractive and
wreath forms, and, course, such
rooms.
in lieu
{
| lend the holiday atmosphere to any
| room. Never arrange Christmas
greens in glass vases or bowls. They
do not offer as pleasong a contrast as
ido the pottery of
tones.
Fill 11 receptacles that are to hold
| greens with wet sand. Place at least
| two of it in each This
| tends to keep the greens from turning
|
urns, which are
deeper
inches vase.
vellow and allows a more artistic
giving firmer
ar-
| rangement, besides
| base to the holder.
A sprig of holly tied to our electric
| lamp fixtures at this gladsome season
a
is always charming. Here such a sprig
|
|is quite safe, but in adorning chande-
|
|
|liers lighted with gas care must be
| exercised lest the branches come in
contact with theflame of the gas, for,
| owing to their daily increasing dry-
|
| ness, they are very inflammable and |
| have been the origin of many sericus |
fires.
Mantles look very well when banked
with green. Small trees
ornamental placed at either side of a
fireplace, but again there must be cau-
tion prevent ignition from stray
sparks.
|
|
|
|
are
spruce
to
Ropes made of crowsfoot outlining
the fireplace effective decora-
tions, also ready-made garlands of the
same for wreathing last year sold ar
about 20 cents a yard, which was quite
well made and therefore durable.
When buying wreathing try and get
make
purposepurpose. For church and
school decoration laurel is just what
vou want, but too coarse and stiff for
a living room.
Mr. Cumso—*“If one pair of bellows
cost two dollars and seventy-two and
three quarter cents, what will three
pair of bellows come to?”
Mrs. Cumso—“I'm not good at fig-
ures, and I don’t care anyhow.”
“Mr. Cumso—*“Oh, well, I'll tell you!
They will come to blows.”
When you sink into a reverie you
are merely buried in thought.
used afterward for collars and packed
with stuffed prunes and dates, candied
orange peel, home-salted nuts and
marshmallow fudge.
the kind best suited to your particular |
Flip yw Now
The falcon cooly takes
of furnished apartments. She
the deserted nest of some ci
up in a lofty tree and simply
as she finds it, and makes h
comfortable as possible unde
cumstances.
b 30es to
¥, well
kes it
The long-eared owl is anoti bird
that never makes its own nes What
it doe sis to seize on some Squirrel’s
dwelling or the deserted nest of a ring-
dove or some larger bird, and} add a
few thin sticks to it and line ¥t with
rabbit's fur—always rabbit's fur.
The meadow lark’s nest is usually in
the open; it is loosely made of grass
herbaceous plants mingled with
and lined with grass, hair and feath
ers.
moss,
The buzzard chooses a tall tree in
the thick of a wood, and builds a pile
two feet of
small twigs, and lines
beech leaves, which are
they dry. The eggs are gray, clouded
with brown and show green when held
to the light. They are a little rounded.
large twigs and
fresh
renewed as
across
it with
The nest of the crow is usually in
the for kof the main trunk of a large
tree, though occasionally it is found on
It made of sticks,
plastered with mud on the inside and
Occasionally
you may find six eggs in a crow’s nest,
but never more.
a rocky ledge. is
lined with wool feathers.
The raven lines its nest with twigs
and grass and wool, and neither uses
feathers nor moss, and does not plas
ter the sticks.
The jay's nest is a large, deep bas
ket, made of twigs and roots, and lined
with rootlets and grass, and generally
built or a thick bush
within twenty feet of the ground. It
contains five, six or seven eggs, which
an inch quarter long and
greenish blue in color.
in an oak tree
are or a
The magpie’s nest is practically a
large ball of twigs, with a hole inthe
side. Commoniy the twigs are of
thorn, and those in the lower half
are plastered with mud, the upper hal;
or “dome,” forming of
The lining is of rootlets and grass.
The nest may be found in a hedge,
but it is usually in the fork of sme
large tree; it may contain from sixto
nine eggs. It nest in the
the worst is th dackdaygs.
which is nothing but an untidy hep of
odds and ends i nsome hols in a build-
ing, or even in a rabbit burrew.
more a cige
Hest
is the,
craw ‘crtbet
The swift nest
it really builds
shape.
s in a hole, but then
nest of a definite
It takes straw and dry grass
| and other light stuff, and, using saliva
las a mucilage, glues them up together
into a flattish tray, which it lines with
feathers. Its eggs, generally two in
number, are an inch long, and are
| white in color and a very rough in the
grain.
a swallow’s
a
Sometimes a swift will seize on
nest, or even a martin's
which it will alter to fit.
The wren builds a completely domed
nest with side entrance, which
| may be known by the woven straws
round the doorway. It is built of moss,
leav grass, hair and feathers, and
contains from four to nine eggs. It
| is not often far from the ground, and
| a favorite site against the mossy
[trunk of a tree er among ivy.
soft
aS,
is
| a
Te willow wren’s is always on the
| ground o rvery enar it. It is a flat-
| tened spere, with the rim sloped off
| at half a right angle, and it is built
| of dead and moss, dry leaves.
roots, horsehair, and lined with abun-
| dance of feathers.
grass
3 and moss, and uses
among the outside materials; with this
it
| plasters them over with mud. Non¢
| of the thrushes build more than a half
|a dozen feet from the ground. The
| song thrush sometimes builds on the
| ground.
grass grass
1
| The blackbird lines its nest with
| dry
|
|
| works in the twigs and roots and
Miss Livorly
at Wedding
New York.—Miss LilFerty’'s statue
in New York harbor stood for the first
time last week as a wedding maid of
| honor.
Under the lee of her massive base
| Miss Frances Dunham, resident of Bed
|10oe’s Island, on which the statue is
located, was married to Chester W.
Williams, an educator of this city. The
ceremony was performed by the Rev,
Edward F. Smith, chaplain of the sec-
ond army corps.
As the bride and groom stood before
the minister, a harbor searchlight.
straying, feil upon them. A bell buoy
gingled merrily and a passing ferry
paused to whistle the benediction.
Miss Liberty stood as ever unper-
turbed.
Mrs. Pleasanton—“What a natural
looking doll! It looks almost as if it
could speak!”
The Doll—“Wow-ow-wow!*
The Custodian—“Please, ma’am it's
my little brother.”
Highway Robber—“Hand over vour
watch.”
Obliging Traveler—“Here it is, put
I ought to tell you before you take it
that it gains five minutes a day.
Le
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